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CN102265177A - 包括安装在风车叶片上的雷达天线的监视系统 - Google Patents

包括安装在风车叶片上的雷达天线的监视系统 Download PDF

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CN102265177A
CN102265177A CN2009801514090A CN200980151409A CN102265177A CN 102265177 A CN102265177 A CN 102265177A CN 2009801514090 A CN2009801514090 A CN 2009801514090A CN 200980151409 A CN200980151409 A CN 200980151409A CN 102265177 A CN102265177 A CN 102265177A
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radar
surveillance system
windmill
blade
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W·A·霍尔
T·佩尔德曼
R·埃尔科西维克-普里比克
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    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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    • G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
    • G01S13/32—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
    • G01S13/34—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
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    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于检测目标的监视系统。该系统包括安装在风车叶片上的雷达天线。

Description

包括安装在风车叶片上的雷达天线的监视系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包括安装在风车叶片上的雷达天线的监视系统。更具体地，本发明可应用于监视领域。
背景技术
一些系统确保对较大的天空/海洋/地面区域的监视，以便检测诸如飞行器、船只或车辆之类的对象，而不管它们是否正在移动。这些系统基本上包括雷达系统构成的网络。虽然现有技术关注于准确地确定距离，即检测到的对象相对于雷达的距离，但是仍然存在的问题是，如何更好地估计检测到的对象之间的距离，即所谓的“横距(cross-range)”。实际上，现有的监视系统提供的横距分辨率非常低。
在过去所使用的合成孔径雷达(SAR)技术试图使用移动雷达来估计静态对象之间的横距以便对较大地面区域进行成像。在这些技术中，所谓的“测绘带(swath)”是能够对其中的两个对象之间的横距进行估计的区域。
Klausing和Keydel公开了用于对地面进行成像的一种安装在直升机螺旋桨上的旋转SAR(ROSAR)(“Feasibility of SAR with rotating antennas”，1990年，IEEE International Radar Conference，第51-56页)。在Klausing和Keydel的该论文中，如果直升机在一固定位置处飞行，则测绘带是由雷达波束照射的环形区域。Klausing和Keydel的该论文还公开了适用于该环形测绘带的算法。其主要缺点在于，难以使直升机在一真正静态的位置处飞行。
Soumekh公开了用于对地面进行成像的一种安装在以圆形飞行的飞机下面的圆形SAR(CSAR)(“Reconnaissance with Slant Pane Circular SARImaging”，1996，IEEE Transactions on Image processing，V5/no8，第1252-1265页)。在Soumekh的该论文中，当飞机始终以同一圆形飞行时，测绘带是由雷达波束照射的碟形区域。Soumekh的该论文还公开了适用于该碟形测绘带的算法。其主要缺点在于，难以以恒定的高度和速度以真正的圆形飞行。
不幸的是，这些解决方案都不适合于确保对较大区域的监视，也不适合于提供永久性监视，还不适合于准确地估计在垂直维度上分离的对象(例如飞机)之间的横距。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于，提供一种具有高横距分辨率的适合于较大天空/海洋/地面区域的监视系统，其可用于克服上述缺点之中的至少一些缺点。因此，本发明基本上提出了将SAR天线安装在风车叶片上(根据本发明，以下称为“风车-SAR”)，以便提高在空中、地面和海洋目标之间的方位角和高度方面的横距分辨率。本发明的动机是由于风车的数量持续增长及其便利的高度和众所周知的圆形运动。另一个原因是，在安全以及/或者军事应用中需要侦查和监视的那些区域中，风车是可以使用的。最一般而言，本发明提出了一种用于检测目标的监视系统，该系统包括安装在风车叶片上的雷达天线。
在优选实施例中，本系统可以包括用于在叶片旋转时应用合成孔径雷达技术的装置，如此形成的合成孔径雷达的测绘带在垂直平面上是圆形的。
例如，该雷达可以是频率调制连续波(FMCW)雷达或形成线性啁啾(chirp)脉冲的脉冲雷达。
有利的是，在波形被测绘带附近的目标反射时所接收到的回波的相位可以形成Green函数，该系统包括用于应用使用该Green函数的傅立叶变换的ω-k算法，以便建立包含所述目标的横距图像并估计从天线到每个目标的方位角和高度的装置。该系统可以包括用于基于到每个目标的方位角和高度来计算目标之间的横距的装置。
有利的是，可以将雷达系统安装在风车的每个叶片上或者安装在风车农场的每个风车的每个叶片上，或者可以安装在位于风车农场的边缘处的每个风车的每个叶片上。
因此，本发明所提供的一个优点是，使得可以基于已有的风车农场的数量容易地构建一个永久且非常大面积的监视系统。被观察区域可以以与风车农场的数量相同的高速率膨胀。此外，测绘带是垂直的，从而使得能够估计在垂直维度上分离的目标之间的横距，同时，几乎同时使得能够借助于普通的“非SAR”处理来估计从风车到目标的水平距离。目标之间的增强的横距还意味着改善目标分类。
附图说明
以下将参考附图描述本发明的非限制性实例，在附图中：
图1示意性地示出了根据本发明的示例性SAR雷达的几何结构；
图2示意性地示出了根据本发明的在脉冲雷达中实现的示例性方案。
在附图中，类似的参考标记被分配给类似的要素。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出了根据本发明的示例性风车-SAR的几何结构。了解目标-天线相对运动的知识在SAR技术中是非常重要的。然而，该知识可能是先前并不知道或几乎未确定的，尤其是对于不协作的目标。在根据本发明的此类雷达系统中，天线运动是已知的并且可以用来提高分辨率，尤其是方位角和高度方面的分辨率。因此，SAR技术可以提高横距分辨率，因为接收到的信号展示了方位角和高度两者的横距。
在该第一实施例中，可以将单个天线1安装在风车的单个叶片2上。L是该叶片的长度，风车叶片的旋转轴在(0，0，0)处，天线1以径向速度Ω在时间t处在垂直x-z平面中从(0，0，L)旋转至(LsinΩt，0，LcosΩt)。目标3从初始位置T(x0，y0，z0)沿任意方向平移，该初始位置位于距离(0，0，0)方位角
Figure BPA00001390785700031
高度Φ且距离R处。其在时间t处位于距天线1倾斜距离r(t)处。在该目标的距离处，在叶片2旋转时可以照射得到碟形测绘带S。如下详述的，根据本发明的该示例性SAR系统的几何结构使得能够建立包含该测绘带S中的目标3以及其它目标4、5、6和7的横距图像ρ(x，z)。有利的是，该横距图像ρ(x，z)可以例如基于Green函数的傅立叶特性而依据对所接收的射频(RF)信号sr，RF(t)的测量来在极坐标中建立。实际上，如果sRF(t)是发射信号，则其来自横距平面x-z中具有反射率函数ρ(x，z)、倾斜距离为r(t)的对象/区域的回波sr，RF(t)包含初始横距(x0，z0)。对在这些初始位置处的反射率函数ρ(x，z)的估计会是可行的且具有可接受的分辨率，其基于众所周知为ω-k算法，该算法在距离r(t)处不使用近似。
图2示意性地示出了根据本发明的示例性方框图，其实现为脉冲雷达中的软件，并具有脉冲压缩(PC)和快速傅立叶变换(FFT)。还可以使用采用整体发射扫描且使用下变换的FMCW雷达。例如，在脉冲雷达中，可以将波形选为线性啁啾。在第一步骤中，用主载波fc将接收的RF信号sr，RF(t)下变换为信号sr(t)。然后，可以对该信号sr(t)应用PC处理来估计距离r(t)，并且可以应用FFT处理来估计多普勒。为了提高方位角和高度分辨率，可以有利地用根据本发明的风车-SAR处理来扩展该基本雷达信号处理。实际上，包含倾斜距离r(t)的接收信号sr，RF(t)的相位典型地是Green函数。该函数本身及其傅立叶变换是环形对称函数，这使得能够将来自横距(x，z)的贡献与来自地面范围y的贡献分离。该算法基于那些众所周知为ω-k算法的SAR算法的原理，那些SAR算法还被称为距离-迁移算法或波阵面重构。这些SAR算法在距离r(t)中不进行近似，但使用已接收信号的整个相位。
在另一实施例中，可以在风车的每个叶片上安装天线。
在再另一实施例中，可以从风车农场构建极限雷达网络，在该农场的每个风车的每个叶片上安装天线。为了限制可能的干扰，可以仅在位于农场边缘处的风车的叶片上安装天线。
本发明在任一方案中提供的另一优点在于，它是一种成本高效的解决方案。其不需要特定的装置来控制叶片的旋转速度，叶片的旋转速度已经被调节为恒定速度。只有天线必须要安装在叶片上，而不是整个雷达系统。因此发射机、接收机和处理单元可以位于风车的基座。而且，当风没有强到足以驱动叶片旋转时，可以使用安装在风车叶片上的多个天线来应用数据融合技术，诸如，例如干涉测量法。最后，不应低估的是，其是一种绿色解决方案，不需要消耗大量的燃料来使飞机或直升机飞行。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于检测目标(3、4、5、6、7)的监视系统，所述系统的特征在于，所述系统包括安装在风车的叶片(2)上的雷达天线(1)。
2.如权利要求1所述的监视系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括：用于在所述叶片(2)旋转时应用合成孔径雷达技术的装置。
3.如权利要求2所述的监视系统，其特征在于，如此形成的合成孔径雷达的测绘带(S)在垂直平面上是碟形的。
4.如权利要求1所述的监视系统，其特征在于，所述雷达是脉冲雷达。
5.如权利要求1所述的监视系统，其特征在于，所述雷达是频率调制连续波雷达。
6.如权利要求4所述的监视系统，其特征在于，所述雷达形成的脉冲波形是线性啁啾。
7.如权利要求6所述的监视系统，其特征在于，在所述波形被所述测绘带(S)附近的所述目标(3、4、5、6、7)反射时，所接收到的回波的相位形成Green函数。
8.如权利要求7所述的监视系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括：用于采用使用所述Green函数的傅立叶变换的ω-k算法，以便建立包含所述目标(3、4、5、6、7)的横距图像(ρ(x，z))并估计从所述天线(1)到每个目标的方位角和高度的装置。
9.如权利要求8所述的监视系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括：用于基于到每个目标的方位角和高度来计算目标(3、4、5、6、7)之间的横距的装置。
10.如权利要求1所述的监视系统，其特征在于，在所述风车的每个叶片上安装雷达天线。
11.如权利要求1所述的监视系统，其特征在于，在风车农场的每个风车的每个叶片上安装雷达天线。
12.如权利要求1所述的监视系统，其特征在于，在位于风车农场边缘处的每个风车的每个叶片上安装雷达天线。
CN2009801514090A 2008-12-02 2009-11-27 包括安装在风车叶片上的雷达天线的监视系统 Pending CN102265177A (zh)

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