CN102224030A - 具有混合驱动装置和用于指示混合驱动装置的瞬时运行模式的外部指示装置的机动车 - Google Patents
具有混合驱动装置和用于指示混合驱动装置的瞬时运行模式的外部指示装置的机动车 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有混合驱动装置的机动车(1),所述混合驱动装置包括第一驱动单元和排放更少的第二驱动单元,其中所述机动车(1)在以混合驱动装置的不同运行模式行驶运行时能至少由所述第一驱动单元驱动或者由所述排放更少的第二驱动单元驱动。本发明还涉及一种用于运行这种机动车(1)的方法。为了能容易地确定这种机动车(1)的当前的噪声排放和/或有害物质排放和/或对气候有害的物质的排放,根据本发明提出一种在行驶运行时能从机动车外清楚看到的指示装置(2,5,6;7;9;10;11;12;13;14;15),在该指示装置上指示出混合驱动装置在行驶运行中的瞬时运行模式。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的、具有带多于一个驱动单元的混合驱动装置的机动车,以及一种根据权利要求10的前序部分所述的、用于运行具有混合驱动装置的机动车的方法。
背景技术
目前,在一些国家和地区中针对微粒物质排放超过规定限值的机动车的运行存在法规规定,所述法规限制这些机动车的运行并且仅在特定的条件下才允许这些机动车运行。为了能检查对法规的遵守,在这些国家或地区运行的机动车本身必须携带一所谓的“微粒物质标识(Feinstaubplakette)”,该微粒物质标识被安装在挡风玻璃上并且用于使检查机关或其行政机构能清楚看到,由该微粒物质标识可以看出,机动车被分入四个有害物质组中的哪一组。
因为不仅是在微粒物质方面、而且在其它空气有害物质,例如NOx、CO或未燃烧的碳氢化合物以及对气候有害的物质、例如CO2方面,对来自机动车的内燃机的排放的降低都遇到限制,因此预计,将来不仅针对微粒物质而且会针对其它有害物质或对气候有害的物质提出法规,该法规在限制区内、例如在国家、地区或整个地域内限制超限值排放这种物质的机动车的运行。类似地,对于噪声排放原则上也是如此。
对于具有一个驱动单元的机动车,能明确地将其分入给定的有害物质类别或者有害物质组中,而对于开头所述类型的具有混合驱动装置的机动车则不是如此,因为这种(混合动力的)机动车的两个驱动单元通常具有完全不同的有害物质排放。出于这个原因,对于这种机动车也不可能,通过将可从外部看到的标识安装在挡风玻璃上来检查对用于限制有害物质和/或对气候有害的物质的排放的法规的遵守。
一方面因为机动车向越来越多的机动车具有混合驱动装置的方向发展,另一方面因为提出越来越多的如下的机动车研发方案:其中研究并且(实验)证明了驱动单元的多种很不相同的组合,也就是说不仅是目前常见的、一个内燃机与一个或两个电机的组合,所以将来可能更难以确定,机动车是否有权在一对有害物质的排放和/或对气候有害的物质的排放有所规定的区域中运行。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是:改进开头所述类型的、具有混合驱动装置的机动车和用于运行具有混合驱动装置的机动车的方法,以能够更容易地确定机动车的当前的噪声排放和/或有害物质排放和/或对气候有害的物质的排放。
根据本发明,所述目的通过一种在行驶运行中能从所述机动车外清楚看到的、用于指示所述混合驱动装置的瞬时运行模式的指示装置来实现。
在本专利申请的范围内,混合驱动装置理解成具有两种不同的驱动单元或能量转换器、例如电机、汽油发动机、柴油发动机或气体(燃料)发动机的机动车驱动装置,所述驱动单元或能量转换器能根据相应的行驶情况和/或驾驶员愿望单独地或共同地被驱动,为了这个目的而由在机动车中携带的两个不同的能量存储器、例如电池和燃料储箱或储气箱对所述驱动单元或能量转换器进行供给。
在本专利申请的范围内,将如下的驱动单元称为排放更少的驱动单元,该驱动单元普遍地或者在瞬时的行驶条件下排放的有害物质或对气候有害的物质或噪声更少,或者排放的对于遵守确定的法规很重要的有害物质或对气候有害的物质更少。在具有内燃机和电机的混合驱动装置的情况下,不仅在空气有害物质、例如NOx、CO、未燃烧的碳氢化合物和微粒物质颗粒或碳黑颗粒方面,而且在对气候有害的物质,例如CO2或者在噪声方面,电机都是排放更少的驱动单元。
在本专利申请的范围内,“可清楚地看到”理解成这样的指示装置:该指示装置在行驶期间对于其它交通参与者或检查机关或检查摄像机来说可以被如此清楚地看到,使得能快速且容易地获取和评估在指示装置上指示出的运行状态。这不包括设置在机动车的权表板上的指示装置,因为在行驶期间不能穿过机动车的窗户足够清楚地看到该指示装置本身,以推断出机动车的混合驱动装置的运行模式。因为在机动车行驶(Anhalten)时能改变运行模式,所以必须能在行驶运行中清楚地看到该运行模式是重要的。
本发明的优选设计方案提出,指示装置设置在机动车的外侧,在那里该指示装置一般能被最佳地看到。为了这个目的,指示装置可以例如集成到机动车外侧的车身构件中、例如机动车的车外后视镜的镜壳体、车顶、发动机盖、保险杠或挡泥板中。
为了即使在较差的视线条件或光线条件下也确保指示装置能被很好地识别,指示装置优选包括至少一个发光装置、例如发光体或发光二极管。
指示装置可以在两种运行模式中接通并且分别以不同的方式、例如通过不同的颜色指示出各运行模式,但指示装置也可以仅在排放更少的第二运行模式中接通并且在其余情况下能被关闭。
除了通过发光装置的接通状态或者不同颜色进行指示外,指示装置还可以通过不同的字符、符号或图示来指示出两种运行模式。
在有利地由机动车的车载计算机根据混合驱动装置的瞬时运行模式来驱控指示装置期间,优选地,在机动车内可以设置一用于接通和关闭指示装置的装置,从而驾驶员在需要时可以将该指示装置关闭。
附图说明
下面借助在附图中示出的实施例详细阐述本发明。唯一的附图示出具有混合驱动装置(未示出)的乘用车1以及为乘用车外的人员清楚可视地指示出混合驱动装置的瞬时的运行模式的多种可能的可选方案。
具体实施方式
在附图中示出的乘用车1利用混合驱动装置驱动,其中该混合驱动装置例如可以是本身已知的混合驱动装置,该混合驱动装置包括一个内燃机和一个或两个电机,所述一个或两个电机相对于该内燃机以并联或功率分支的(leistungsverzweigend)方式布置。因为在纯电动行驶运行中电机不排放有害物质、例如NOx、CO、未燃烧的碳氢化合物和微粒物质或对气候有害的物质、例如CO2并且比内燃机的噪声更低,所以混合驱动装置在这种运行模式中比在其它运行模式中排放更少,在这些其它运行模式中在行驶运行中或者是仅内燃机驱动乘用车1,或者是内燃机与电机或电机之一一起驱动乘用车1。
与具有唯一一个驱动机、如内燃机的乘用车或者其它机动车中,例如可以在其挡风玻璃上设有一指示出驱动机的有害物质组或有害物质类别的标识的情况不同,对于所示的乘用车1,不能明确地分派到一确定的有害物质组或有害物质类别,因为根据混合驱动装置以上述运行模式中的哪一种运行模式工作,乘用车1的有害物质排放可能会非常不同。
但这也意味着,在确定的有害物质或对气候有害的物质的排放超过规定限值的机动车的运行受到限制的区域中,对于交通检查机关和其行政机构来说不能确定乘用车1的排放是否超过规定的限值。
为了避免由于这个原因而使乘用车1的运行基本上在所有运行模式中都被交通检查机关限制,乘用车1设有一在行驶运行中可从乘用车1外部清楚看到的指示装置,利用该指示装置可以自动地或者应驾驶员的请求来指示混合驱动装置的瞬时运行模式。
在第一实施例中,指示装置2集成在乘用车1的两个车外后视镜3中(仅可以看到一个)。在此,车外后视镜3具有镜壳体4,该镜壳体4包括两个或三个不同颜色的透明的壳体部件5、6,在每个壳体部件5、6内各安装有一发光体(未示出)。例如可以提出,乘用车1的车外后视镜3的两个不同颜色的透明的壳体部件5、6中一个可以是红色的,而另一个可以是绿色的,一旦混合驱动装置的内燃机启动,在红色的壳体部件5内的发光体就自动接通,而只有在混合驱动装置在纯电动行驶运行中工作并且内燃机停机时,在绿色的壳体部件6内的发光体才处于接通状态。
在第二实施例中,指示装置2同样集成到乘用车1的两个车外后视镜3中,其中该车外后视镜的壳体4或其透明的壳体4的一部分仅具有唯一一种颜色、例如绿色。只有当混合驱动装置在纯电动行驶运行中工作时,设置在镜壳体4或镜壳体部分内的发光体(未示出)才运行。在这种情况下,在乘用车1内可以设置一附加的开关,利用该开关驾驶员能够在以下情况时中断对发光体的供电:例如当不处于限制区域中并且不希望其它交通参与者能看到乘用车1的混合驱动装置的瞬时的运行模式。
在第三实施例中,指示装置设计成显示器7并且例如设置在乘用车1的后牌照8的附近。显示器、例如LCD显示器或LED显示器由乘用车1的车载计算机根据混合驱动装置的运行模式来驱控并且通过符号、字符或其它图示来指示出混合驱动装置的瞬时的运行模式,所述符号、字符或其它图示可以被交通检查机关或其行政机构识别和评估。替代地,前窗玻璃9或后窗玻璃10的部分可以用作显示器,在该显示器中显现瞬时运行模式的指示。
在第四实施例中,将在乘用车1的外侧的可清楚看到的车身构件、例如车顶11、发动机盖12,挡泥板13或前保险杠14的部分或后保险杠15的部分用作指示装置,其中乘用车1的瞬时的运行模式通过这些车身构件11,12,13,14,15之一的不同的发光或颜色变化来指示,其中该指示例如在透明的或半透明的车身构件中能通过OLED(有机发光二极管)或其它发光件来实现,所述OLED或其它发光件可以设置在车身构件11,12,13,14,15后面或者集成到所述车身构件中。
附图标记列表
1乘用车
2指示装置
3 车外后视镜
4 镜壳体
5 壳体部件
6 壳体部件
7 显示器
8 后牌照
9 前窗玻璃
10 后窗玻璃
11 车顶
12 发动机盖
13 挡泥板
14 保险杠
15 保险杠
Claims (13)
1.一种具有混合驱动装置的机动车,所述混合驱动装置包括第一驱动单元和排放更少的第二驱动单元,其中所述机动车在以混合驱动装置的不同运行模式行驶运行时能至少由所述第一驱动单元驱动或者由所述排放更少的第二驱动单元驱动,其特征在于,设有一在行驶运行中能从所述机动车(1)外清楚看到的、用于指示所述混合驱动装置的瞬时运行模式的指示装置(2,5,6;7;9;10;11;12;13;14;15)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机动车,其特征在于,所述指示装置(2,5,6;7;9;10;11;12;13;14;15)设置在所述机动车(1)的外侧。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的机动车,其特征在于,所述指示装置(2,5,6;9;10;11;12;13;14;15)集成到所述机动车(1)的车身构件(4;11;12;13;14;15)中。
4.根据权利要求3所述的机动车,其特征在于,所述车身构件(4;11;12;13;14;15)是所述机动车(1)的车外后视镜(3)的镜壳体(4)、车顶(11)、发动机盖(12)、保险杠(14,15)或者至少一个挡泥板(13)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的机动车,其特征在于,所述指示装置(2,5,6;7;9;10;11;12;13;14;15)包括至少一个发光装置、例如发光体或发光二极管。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的机动车,其特征在于,设有在所述机动车(1)内设置的、用于接通或关闭所述指示装置(2;7;9;10;11;12;13;14;15)的装置。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的机动车,其特征在于,所述指示装置(2,5,6;7;9;10;11;12;13;14;15)在两种运行模式中被接通并且分别以不同的方式指示各运行模式。
8.根据权利要求7所述的机动车,其特征在于,所述指示装置(2,5,6;7;9;10;11;12;13;14;15)通过不同的颜色、字符、符号或图示来指示出所述两种运行模式。
9.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的机动车,其特征在于,所述指示装置(2;7;9;10;11;12;13;14;15)仅在所述排放更少的第二运行模式中接通。
10.一种用于运行具有混合驱动装置的机动车的方法,所述混合驱动装置包括第一驱动单元和排放更少的第二驱动单元,其中所述机动车在以混合驱动装置的不同运行模式行驶运行时至少由所述第一驱动单元驱动或者由所述排放更少的第二驱动单元驱动,其特征在于,以在行驶运行中能清楚地从所述机动车(1)外看到的方式指示出所述混合驱动装置的瞬时运行模式。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,由一设置在所述机动车(1)的外侧的指示装置(2,5,6;7;9;10;11;12;13;14;15)指示出所述混合驱动装置的瞬时运行模式。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的方法,其特征在于,分别通过不同的颜色指示出所述混合驱动装置的两种运行模式。
13.根据权利要求10至12中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,通过接通一指示装置(2,5,6;7;9;10;11;12;13;14;15)指示出有害物质较少的第二运行模式,该指示装置(2,5,6;7;9;10;11;12;13;14;15)在第一运行模式中被关闭。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| DE102008059147.5 | 2008-11-26 | ||
| DE102008059147A DE102008059147A1 (de) | 2008-11-26 | 2008-11-26 | Kraftfahrzeug mit Hybridantrieb und externer Anzeigeeinrichtung zum Anzeigen einer augenblicklichen Betriebsart des Hybridantriebs |
| PCT/EP2009/008186 WO2010060556A1 (de) | 2008-11-26 | 2009-11-18 | Kraftfahrzeug mit hybridantrieb und externer anzeigeeinrichtung zum anzeigen einer augenblicklichen betriebsart des hybridantriebs |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102224030A true CN102224030A (zh) | 2011-10-19 |
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| CN2009801471733A Pending CN102224030A (zh) | 2008-11-26 | 2009-11-18 | 具有混合驱动装置和用于指示混合驱动装置的瞬时运行模式的外部指示装置的机动车 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US8212666B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP2370284B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN102224030A (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE102008059147A1 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2010060556A1 (zh) |
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| CN103101488A (zh) * | 2011-11-10 | 2013-05-15 | 现代摩比斯株式会社 | 识别混合动力车的混合变换显示装置和方法 |
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| DE102011002225A1 (de) | 2011-04-21 | 2012-10-25 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Fahrzeug mit einem Hybridantrieb |
| DE102012009293B4 (de) * | 2012-05-11 | 2023-09-07 | Audi Ag | Kraftfahrzeug mit Motorhaube und Beleuchtungsanlage |
| DE102012020883A1 (de) * | 2012-10-24 | 2013-12-12 | Audi Ag | Kraftfahrzeug |
| US9327596B2 (en) * | 2013-01-14 | 2016-05-03 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Fuel tank wave catcher |
| US9487125B2 (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2016-11-08 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | External zero emissions indicator |
| US9987977B2 (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2018-06-05 | Zeyad S Abbas | Vehicular control mode signaling system |
| DE102016225981A1 (de) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-06-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Hybridfahrzeug sowie Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Überwachung eines Verkehrsraums, in welchem sich ein Hybridfahrzeug befindet |
| FR3063941B1 (fr) | 2017-03-15 | 2020-10-30 | Valeo Vision | Dispositif lumineux d'identification du type de propulsion d'un vehicule automobile |
| DE102017007317A1 (de) * | 2017-08-02 | 2019-02-07 | Broder Joachim Merkel | Digitale Plakette für Fahrzeuge |
| FR3070657A1 (fr) * | 2017-09-01 | 2019-03-08 | Psa Automobiles Sa | Procede de commande d’un vehicule hybride en zone a emission polluante nulle, et vehicule pour ce procede |
| DE102018200669B3 (de) | 2018-01-17 | 2019-04-18 | Audi Ag | Verfahren und Anzeigesystem zum Anzeigen von Ausgabedaten |
| DE102018216134A1 (de) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-03-26 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zur Wiedergabe einer Information mit einer Ausgabeeinheit eines Kraftfahrzeugs, sowie eine Informationswiedergabevorrichtung und ein Kraftfahrzeug |
| DE102020112708A1 (de) | 2020-05-11 | 2021-11-11 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Anzeige und Nachweis der Betriebsart bei Hybridfahrzeugen |
| DE102021200273A1 (de) | 2021-01-13 | 2022-07-14 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Belegen einer Nutzung eines Energielieferanten einer Energieart, Computerprogrammprodukt sowie Energieverbraucher, insbesondere in Form eines Fahrzeuges |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2010060556A1 (de) | 2010-06-03 |
| US8212666B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 |
| EP2370284A1 (de) | 2011-10-05 |
| DE102008059147A1 (de) | 2010-06-10 |
| US20110227719A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
| EP2370284B1 (de) | 2012-10-17 |
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