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CN102203978B - 一种圆柱形电池 - Google Patents

一种圆柱形电池 Download PDF

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CN102203978B
CN102203978B CN2009800003488A CN200980000348A CN102203978B CN 102203978 B CN102203978 B CN 102203978B CN 2009800003488 A CN2009800003488 A CN 2009800003488A CN 200980000348 A CN200980000348 A CN 200980000348A CN 102203978 B CN102203978 B CN 102203978B
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钟发平
何策衡
陈风
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NATIONAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH OF ADVANCED ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
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Abstract

一种圆柱形电池，包括由隔膜隔开的正极片与负极片卷绕而成的圆柱形电池极组，所述圆柱形电池极组卷绕在芯棒上；其特征是，位于所述圆柱形电池极组一端的正极引出端的内端面同该圆柱形电池极组相对端的正极片端部相连接，位于所述圆柱形电池极组另一端的负极引出端的内端面同该圆柱形电池极组相对端的负极片端部相连接，由此组成正极与负极分别设在电池两端的汇流结构。它将正、负极设在电池的两端而使正、负极片的电流从两端流动，可明显提高电池的大电流充放电性能，并可更有效地改善电池内部的热量散出性能，还提高了安全性能。

Description

一种圆柱形电池
技术领域
本发明涉及二次电池，进一步是指圆柱形二次电池。
背景技术
目前由于全球能源紧缺以及环保意识的加强，市场出现了电动车电池和储能电池热，而市场上大容量的二次电池（镍氢、镍镉、锂电、铅酸等）一般采用长方形结构，尤其是镍氢电池，大于20Ah均采用长方形结构，其原因是大容量电池内部散热较困难，容易引起热失控。但长方形结构的二次电池所固有的缺陷又不能完全满足市场需求，而现有的圆柱形二次电池的大电流充放电性能及电池内部热量散出的散热性能有待改进。再者，现有二次电池的正、负电极片是由极耳经焊接同引出端连接的，存在焊接点和焊接连接件，在大电流或电池短路时有极耳或连接件发热烧红，以至引起电池烧损等严重安全事故。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是，针对现有技术存在的缺陷，提出一种圆柱形电池，它将正、负极设在电池的两端而使正、负极片的电流从两端流动，可明显提高电池的大电流充放电性能，还可更有效地改善电池内部的热量散出性能和安全性。
本发明的技术方案是，所述圆柱形电池包括由隔膜隔开的正极片与负极片卷绕而成的圆柱形电池极组，所述圆柱形电池极组卷绕在芯棒上，其结构特点是，位于所述圆柱形电池极组一端的正极引出端的内端面直接同该圆柱形电池极组相对端的正极片整个端部相连接，位于所述圆柱形电池极组另一端的负极引出端的内端面直接同该圆柱形电池极组相对端的负极片整个端部相连接，由此组成正极引出端与负极引出端分别设在电池两端的无焊接之面接触汇流结构。
以下对本发明做出进一步说明。
参见图1，本发明的圆柱形电池包括由隔膜隔开的正极片与负极片卷绕而成的圆柱形电池极组1，所述圆柱形电池极组1卷绕在芯棒2上，其结构特点是，位于所述圆柱形电池极组1一端（例如图1中的左端）的正极引出端3的内端面直接同该圆柱形电池极组1相对端（图1中的左端）的正极片整个端部相连接，位于所述圆柱形电池极组1另一端（例如图1中的右端）的负极引出端4的内端面直接同该圆柱形电池极组1相对端（图1中的右端）的负极片整个端部相连接，由此组成正极引出端与负极引出端分别设在电池两端的无焊接之面接触汇流结构。
本发明中，由于将正极和负极分别设在电池的两端，使正、负极片的电流从两端流动，大大降低了电池的电流内阻，减少了发热量；正、负电极引出端同相应电极片端部的整个极面（整体端面）的直接连接（无极耳、无焊接、直接的面连接）显著提高了电池的大电流充放电性能，并保证了电池在大电流和非正常情况下短路时的安全性，还可使电池内部热量以最大散热面积（包括电池两端和外壳）散出，显著改善电池的内部散热性能；并且，必要时将所述正、负极引出端的外端做成散热片结构或连接散热片，则可更有效地改善电池内部的热量散出问题。将圆柱形电池极组卷绕在芯棒上，无需在卷完片后拔出卷片机上的卷芯（芯棒），从而避免了拔出卷芯时拉破隔膜造成电池短路或微短路及造成电池极组成宝塔形。
本发明中，将电池外壳（钢壳）两端同对应的正、负电极引出端周边压制至少两道压接环槽并在端口压制封口边的结构使电池具有足够的结构刚性，电池内部可耐压力不低于100Kg，使电池安全性能再次得到质的飞跃性提升。
由以上可知，本发明为一种圆柱形电池，它具有优良的大电流充放电性能和安全性能，以及低发热量和有效使电池内部热量散出的优良散热性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明圆柱形电池一种实施例纵向剖视结构示意图；
图2是图1所示产品各构件成分离状态的立体结构示意图。
在图中：
1—圆柱形电池极组，   2—芯棒，       3—正极引出端，
4—负极引出端，       5—外壳，       6—绝缘胶套，
7—弹簧，             8—安全阀座，   9—螺钉，
10—安全阀帽，        11—橡胶球，    12—橡胶垫，
13—安全阀。
具体实施方式
如图1和图2所示，本发明所述圆柱形电池包括由隔膜隔开的正极片与负极片卷绕而成的圆柱形电池极组1，所述圆柱形电池极组1卷绕在芯棒2上；圆柱形电池极组1装在外壳5中，在该外壳5内衬有绝缘胶套6；位于所述圆柱形电池极组1一端的正极引出端3的内端面直接同该圆柱形电池极组1相对端的正极片整个端部相连接，位于所述圆柱形电池极组1另一端的负极引出端4的内端面直接同该圆柱形电池极组1相对端的负极片整个端部相连接，由此组成正极引出端与负极引出端分别设在电池两端的无焊接之面接触汇流结构。
参见图1，位于圆柱形电池极组1对应两端的正极引出端3和负极引出端4分别用螺钉9同芯棒2的对应端连接。所述正极引出端3和负极引出端4为金属材料或镀有耐腐蚀材料的金属。
电池的外壳5可以是金属材料（例如使用钢壳）或镀有耐腐蚀材料的金属，也可以是塑料或镀有金属薄膜的塑料。
在电池一端或两端安装有一个或多个安全阀13，以确保电池在滥用条件下的安全。所述安全阀13可采用现有技术结构，也可采用图1所示分别设在正极引出端3或负极引出端4上，由安全阀座8、置于该安全阀座8前腔中的密封用橡胶球11和安全阀帽10组成的安全阀，所述前腔经一通道与电池内腔连通。
还可将所述正极引出端3的后端和负极引出端4的后端分别同外壳5两对应端用压制的至少两道压接环槽14相连接，并在外壳5的两端口压制封口边15，该结构使电池整体具有足够的结构刚性，甚至可使电池内部承受不低于100kg的压力，其防爆安全性能得以充分保证。
当本发明的电池使用钢外壳时，该钢外壳也能起到散热作用；钢外壳内设置一个绝缘隔套（如绝缘胶套，也可采用其它导热绝缘材料），是唯一一种金属外壳不带电的园柱形电池，这对电动车来讲是非常重要的。
还可在所述正极引出端3和负极引出端4中设置弹性元件槽，并在所述弹性元件槽中放置弹性元件，用以使所述正极引出端3和负极引出端4同对应的正极片整个端部和负极片整个端部保持可靠的接触连接。所述弹性元件可以是弹簧7或橡胶垫12，还可以是其它各种适宜的弹性元件。
本发明的电池按国家规定方法进行常规容量、常温大电流、低温性能、高温性能、安全性能、自放电等方面的测试。以为HEV客车设计的30Ah电池为例，测试结果表明：
a.      单体电池完全满足公共交通工具的安全性要求；
b.   从单体电池的高、低温性能看，涵盖的温度区间较宽，从-30℃至65℃，甚至70℃都可以持续工作，并且的高、低温情况下均可以大电流充、放电，对环境的适应性较强，特别能适应国内地域、昼夜温差较大的地区；
c.   从大电流充电性能看，单体电池可以满足10C连续充电，以及500W恒功率连续充电；以270个单体电池组合而成的能量包计算，可接受135KW的大功率充电，且充电电压不大于432V（20秒脉冲单体实际充电电压1.6V），能够更加充分吸收发电机的峰值功率，具有较强的能量回收能力，更具节能效果。
以上对本发明进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处；综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (4)

1.一种圆柱形电池，包括由隔膜隔开的正极片与负极片卷绕而成的圆柱形电池极组（1），所述圆柱形电池极组（1）卷绕在芯棒（2）上，位于所述圆柱形电池极组（1）一端的正极引出端（3）的内端面直接同该圆柱形电池极组（1）相对端的正极片整个端部相连接，位于所述圆柱形电池极组（1）另一端的负极引出端（4）的内端面直接同该圆柱形电池极组（1）相对端的负极片整个端部相连接，由此组成正极引出端与负极引出端分别设在电池两端的无焊接之面接触汇流结构；所述正极引出端（3）和负极引出端（4）设有弹性元件槽，所述弹性元件槽中放置用以使所述正极引出端（3）和负极引出端（4）同对应的正极片整个端部和负极片整个端部保持可靠的接触连接的弹性元件。
2.根据权利要求1所述圆柱形电池，其特征是， 在电池的一端或两端各装有一个或多个安全阀。
3.根据权利要求1所述圆柱形电池，其特征是，将所述正极引出端（3）的后端和负极引出端（4）的后端分别同外壳（5）两对应端用压制的至少两道压接环槽（14）相连接，并在外壳（5）的两端口压制封口边（15）。
4.根据权利要求3所述圆柱形电池，其特征是，所述弹性元件为弹簧（7）或橡胶垫（12）。
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