CN102204668B - A kind of processing method of Flammulina velutipes root powder - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural product processing, and in particular relates to a processing method of Flammulina velutipes root powder. The method uses fresh Flammulina velutipes roots as raw materials, and completes the preparation of Flammulina velutipes root powder through the steps of cooking, dehydrating, drying, pulverizing, and sterilizing, wherein the drying step is to dry it by a two-step drying method, so that The roots of Flammulina velutipes can be dried more thoroughly without damaging its nutrients. The beneficial effects of the present invention are that, using discarded Flammulina velutipes roots in the processing process of Flammulina velutipes as raw materials, the discarded Flammulina velutipes roots are reused, which has a wide range of sources and low cost; Utilizing Flammulina velutipes roots and processing them into Flammulina velutipes root powder, It not only turns waste into wealth, but also solves the problem that the discarded Flammulina velutipes roots have an impact on the environment.

Description

A kind of processing method of Flammulina velutipes root powder

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural product processing, and in particular relates to a processing method of Flammulina velutipes root powder.

Background technique

Flammulina velutipes is also known as money mushroom with hair handle, tree mushroom, winter mushroom, Park Ru and structure bacteria. Flammulina velutipes belongs to Agaricaceae, Tricholomaceae and Flamebranches, and is widely distributed in the world. Flammulina velutipes is extremely rich in nutrients. It has the reputation of Zengzhi mushroom and "Yixiu mushroom". It is a famous edible fungus in the world and has developed into the third largest edible fungus at present. Flammulina velutipes is tender and refreshing, delicious and fragrant, and rich in nutrition. It is a very high-end delicacy. The reason why Jinzhenru is favored by people is mainly because it is rich in nutrients and has an important role in protecting bonds. Flammulina velutipes contains essential amino acids for the human body, especially lysine necessary for children's growth and development, so it is called "enhancing wisdom mushroom" abroad. Flammulina velutipes is a famous medicinal and edible fungus in the world, with high nutritional value and Medicinal value, broad development prospects.

Flammulina velutipes is rich in nutrition. Every 100g of dried Flammulina velutipes contains 17.6g of protein, 1.9g of fat, 69.4g of carbohydrates, 3.7g of crude fiber, and 7.4g of ash. The 8 kinds of amino acids account for more than 40% of the total amount of amino acids, higher than that of common mushrooms, and also contain many other active factor substances, which have many pharmacological and medical effects, and are helpful to people's health, especially Adolescent development.

Flammulina velutipes contains a variety of functional proteins, such as ribosome inactivation protein, which has anti-tumor, anti-virus, anti-insect, anti-fungal and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activities. The roots of Flammulina velutipes also contain Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides, which have good anti-cancer effects, such as intracellular polysaccharides, which have an inhibitory rate of 96% on mouse sarcoma, and their anti-tumor activity is higher than that of lentinan and versicolor polysaccharides. In addition, the roots of Flammulina velutipes also contain more iron elements, the iron content of which is 20 times that of spinach, and there are many fiber substances, which can promote metabolism and have a calming effect. The acidic and neutral plant fibers can Adsorb bile salts, regulate cholesterol metabolism in the body, reduce the content of cholesterol in plasma, promote gastrointestinal motility, strengthen the function of the digestive system, it can prevent and treat liver system and gastrointestinal ulcers; at the same time, Flammulina velutipes is also a kind of high potassium and low Sodium food, and contains V _B1 , V _B2 , _VE and a relatively high content of trace element zinc, which are not only good for the growth and development of children, but also especially suitable for hypertensive patients and middle-aged and elderly people.

At present, in the process of processing Flammulina velutipes, major food processing enterprises often cut off the roots of Flammulina velutipes, discard it as leftovers, and leave the part above the root of Flammulina velutipes for processing. The stalks account for about a quarter of the whole Flammulina velutipes, and most of them are discarded, which not only causes a great waste of Flammulina velutipes resources, but also because the roots of Flammulina velutipes have high moisture content and are very perishable, the discarded Flammulina velutipes roots are easy to disperse. Odor, produce corruption, which also caused a certain impact on the environment.

In the actual production process, the roots of Flammulina velutipes rich in various multifunctional proteins, polysaccharides and iron elements are not valued by people and are discarded by people. It has become a new hot spot in the field of Flammulina velutipes processing research, and has received the common attention of the food industry.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of processing method of Flammulina velutipes root powder, this method will process the root stalks of Flammulina velutipes discarded by people for a long time, so that it can provide nutrition for people and be ingested by people, which not only improves the utilization of Flammulina velutipes The rate increases its added value, and at the same time reduces the pollution to the environment.

A kind of processing method of Flammulina velutipes root powder of the present invention comprises the following steps:

(1) Cooking: take fresh Flammulina velutipes roots, add sodium hyposulfite with a concentration of 1‰ to bleach them, the ratio of the amount of sodium hyposulfite added to the roots of Flammulina velutipes is 1.8-2.2:1, and then add a concentration of 1‰ citric acid, the weight ratio of its addition to the root of Flammulina velutipes is 1.8～2.2:1, and the root of Flammulina velutipes is cooked;

(2) Dehydration: Drain the boiled Flammulina velutipes roots and put them into a centrifuge to dehydrate until the water content of Flammulina velutipes roots is 65-75%;

(3) Drying: drying, first drying at 80-90°C for 0.8-1.2h, so that the moisture content of the root of Flammulina velutipes is 15%-20%, and then drying at 50-60°C for 8-10h, until the moisture content of the root of Flammulina velutipes The content is 3 to 5%;

The present invention adopts a two-step drying method, and the two-step drying method promptly dries the roots and pedicles of Flammulina velutipes at two different temperatures or in two different temperature intervals. By adopting this method, not only can the roots and pedicles of Flammulina velutipes be dried more thoroughly, but also It also avoids the shortcoming of losing nutrients due to drying it at high temperature for a long time;

(4) Pulverization: Superfinely pulverize the dried Flammulina velutipes roots to 300-400 meshes to obtain Flammulina velutipes root powder; compared with ordinary pulverization methods, superfine pulverization can more thoroughly pulverize Flammulina velutipes root powder to make it finer finer, enhancing its taste and flavor;

(5) Sterilization: the root powder of Flammulina velutipes is irradiated for 10-14min under the dose of CO ⁶⁰ radioactive source 5-9kGy to sterilize, and the root powder of Flammulina velutipes is sterilized, so that the root powder of Flammulina velutipes has a longer shelf life, thereby The quality of Flammulina velutipes root powder is guaranteed.

The concentration of the above-mentioned sodium hyposulfite is 1‰, and the weight-number ratio of its addition to Flammulina velutipes is 1.8～2.2:1. Under the material ratio within this concentration and range, the appearance and color of Flammulina velutipes roots are the best. If Above this material ratio, the color of the root of Flammulina velutipes has no obvious change on this basis, which wastes bleach, and adding too much bleach will also affect people's health. The sodium hyposulfite treatment used in the range is poor, and the bleaching effect is poor.

The action condition of the above-mentioned citric acid is to cook at 90-100° C. for 50-70 minutes, and the weight-number ratio of its addition amount to the root of Flammulina velutipes is 1.8-2.2:1.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned superfine pulverization, the fineness of Flammulina velutipes root powder is 400 orders.

Preferably, the processing method of Flammulina velutipes root powder comprises the following steps:

(1) Cooking: take fresh Flammulina velutipes roots, add sodium hyposulfite with a concentration of 1‰ to bleach it, the weight ratio of the added amount to the roots of Flammulina velutipes is 2:1, then add citric acid with a concentration of 1‰, the The weight ratio of the amount added to the root of Flammulina velutipes is 2:1, and steamed at 95°C for 60 minutes;

(2) Dehydration: Drain the boiled Flammulina velutipes roots and put them into a centrifuge to dehydrate until the water content of Flammulina velutipes roots is 65-75%;

(3) Drying: drying, first drying at 80-90°C for 0.8-1.2h to make the moisture content 15%-20%, then drying at 50-60°C for 8-10h until the moisture content is 3-5 %;

(4) Pulverization: Superfinely pulverize the dried enoki mushroom roots to 400 meshes to obtain enoki mushroom root powder;

(5) Sterilization: The root powder of Flammulina velutipes was sterilized by irradiating the dose of CO ⁶⁰ radioactive source 6kGy for 12min.

Flammulina velutipes root powder can be eaten directly, and also used as a food additive, mixed with flour in a certain proportion to make related noodles, bread, steamed buns, biscuits and other health-care noodle products.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) Use the discarded roots of Flammulina velutipes during the processing of Flammulina velutipes as raw materials, and reuse the waste, which has a wide range of sources and low cost;

(2) Since the roots of Flammulina velutipes are easily corrupted and pollute the environment, the present invention utilizes the roots of Flammulina velutipes and processes them into root powder of Flammulina velutipes, which not only solves the problem that discarded roots of Flammulina velutipes have an impact on the environment, but also turns waste into treasure , so that the roots of Flammulina velutipes can be used by people;

(3) In the present invention, a two-step drying method is adopted for the roots of Flammulina velutipes, which ensures that its nutrients will not be lost, and it can be dried more thoroughly, ensuring the quality of the product in subsequent production;

(4) In the present invention, the root of the dried Flammulina velutipes is ultrafinely pulverized to ensure the fineness of the root powder, thereby improving its edible taste;

(5) In the present invention, the root powder is rapidly irradiated and sterilized, which not only ensures the food safety of the root powder, but also minimizes the loss of nutrients and prolongs the storability of the product.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the processing method of a kind of Flammulina velutipes root powder of the present invention is further described, so that those skilled in the art understand the present invention better, but do not limit the present invention with this.

Example 1

(1) Cooking: take fresh Flammulina velutipes roots, add sodium hyposulfite at a concentration of 1‰ to bleach the roots of Flammulina velutipes, the ratio of the amount of sodium hyposulfite added to the roots of Flammulina velutipes is 2:1, and then add 1‰ Citric acid, the weight-number ratio of its adding amount and the stalk of Flammulina velutipes is 2: 1, cooks the stalk of Flammulina velutipes at 95 ℃ for 60min;

(2) Dehydration: Drain the boiled Flammulina velutipes roots and put them into a centrifuge to dehydrate until the water content of Flammulina velutipes roots is about 70%;

(3) Drying: Drying, using a two-step drying method, first drying at 90°C for about 1 hour to make the moisture content about 15%, and then drying at 60°C for about 8 hours until the moisture content is about 4%;

(4) Pulverization: Superfinely pulverize the dried enoki mushroom roots to 400 meshes to obtain enoki mushroom root powder;

(5) Sterilization: The root powder of Flammulina velutipes was sterilized by irradiating the dose of CO ⁶⁰ radioactive source 6kGy for 12min.

Determination of sensory index, physicochemical index and hygienic index of Flammulina velutipes root powder of the present invention

The method that the present invention processes the root of Flammulina velutipes compares with the traditional processing method of discarding the root of Flammulina velutipes as follows:

the this invention throw away environmental pollution none Serious pollution, corruption, breeding of mosquitoes and flies economic benefits Huge economic benefits none nutritional value retained, ingested by people none, discarded

As can be seen from the above table, the method for processing the roots of Flammulina velutipes in the present invention compares with the traditional processing method of discarding the roots of Flammulina velutipes, not only solves the environmental problems brought by the roots of Flammulina velutipes, but also discards the roots of Flammulina velutipes Tilly used it to obtain nutritious Flammulina velutipes root powder that can be taken by people.

Comparative example 1

The cooking, dehydration, crushing, and sterilization of Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 are exactly the same, the difference is that the drying process in Comparative Example 1 adopts a direct drying method at one temperature, and the material is dried at 90 ° C for about 4 hours until the moisture content is reached. The content is about 4%;

the Example 1 Comparative example 1 color white to light yellow light yellow, yellowish Taste good Slight burnt smell VC (mg/100g) 2.87 1.76

As can be seen from the above table, the drying method adopted in the present invention is conducive to the retention of nutrients. The common drying method adopts a certain fixed temperature to dry Flammulina velutipes, and the loss of some nutrients in Flammulina velutipes is much. Under the drying method of the present invention, the color and luster of Flammulina velutipes root powder is good, and the mouthfeel is good. In the comparison example, the method of drying in a common way is used, and the color and luster is yellowish, and there is a slight burnt smell.

Example 2

(1) Cooking: take fresh Flammulina velutipes roots, add sodium hyposulfite at a concentration of 1‰ to bleach the roots of Flammulina velutipes, the ratio of the amount of sodium hyposulfite added to the roots of Flammulina velutipes is 2:1, and then add 1‰ Citric acid, the weight-number ratio of its adding amount and the stalk of Flammulina velutipes is 2: 1, cooks the stalk of Flammulina velutipes at 95 ℃ for 60min;

(2) Dehydration: Drain the boiled Flammulina velutipes roots and put them into a centrifuge for dehydration until the water content of Flammulina velutipes roots is about 75%;

(3) Drying: Two-step drying method is adopted, firstly dry at 85°C for 1 hour to make the moisture content about 18%, and then dry at 55°C for 9 hours until the moisture content is about 3%;

(4) Pulverization: superfinely pulverize the dried enoki mushroom roots for 6 hours to obtain enoki mushroom root powder, the fineness of which is about 400 mesh;

(5) Sterilization: The root powder of Flammulina velutipes was sterilized by irradiating the dose of CO ⁶⁰ radioactive source 6kGy for 12min.

Comparative example 2

The cooking, dehydration, steps, drying, and sterilization steps of Example 2 are all the same, but the difference is that Comparative Example 2 adopts the common pulverizing method, and the root powder of Rhizoma Rhizoma Rhizome obtained by the above steps is pulverized for 6 hours.

The index comparison of embodiment 2 and control example 2

the Example 2 Comparative example 2 color white, light yellow light yellow, yellowish Taste delicate, slippery slightly rough Polysaccharide dissolution rate 53% 27%

It can be seen from the comparison table above that the superfine grinding can significantly improve the mouthfeel of Flammulina velutipes root powder. Because the root of Flammulina velutipes contains a lot of fiber, its mouthfeel is rough, so adopting the method of superfine grinding to grind the root of Flammulina velutipes helps to improve the mouthfeel of the root powder of Flammulina velutipes.

Adopt ultrafine grinding, after the root powder of Flammulina velutipes is ultrafinely pulverized to 400 meshes, the median diameter of root powder of Flammulina velutipes is 4.89 μ m, the average particle diameter reaches 36.23 μ m, and the particle size distribution is relatively uniform, showing that observation shows that the root powder of Flammulina velutipes exceeds The entire field of micro-crushing was covered with short hyphae fibers, no complete cells were seen, and the tissue fragments were small. After the ultrafine grinding treatment of Flammulina velutipes root powder, the intracellular components can be fully exposed, which promotes the dissolution and release of active ingredients, especially the polysaccharides of Flammulina velutipes, making the active ingredients more active and effective for absorption in the body. From the above experiments on the dissolution rate of polysaccharides, the use of ultrafine grinding can make the dissolution rate of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides reach about 53%, while using ordinary crushing methods to crush the same time, the polysaccharide dissolution rate of Flammulina velutipes can reach 27%. Micro-grinding can utilize the dissolution of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide.

Example 3

(1) Cooking: take fresh Flammulina velutipes roots, add sodium hyposulfite with a concentration of 1‰, the weight ratio of the amount added to Flammulina velutipes roots is 2.2:1, bleach the roots of Flammulina velutipes, and then add lemon with a concentration of 1‰ Acid, the weight ratio of the added amount to the root of Flammulina velutipes is 2.2:1, steaming the root of Flammulina velutipes for 60min at 90°C;

(2) Dehydration: Drain the boiled Flammulina velutipes roots and put them into a centrifuge to dehydrate until the water content of Flammulina velutipes roots is about 70%;

(3) Drying: Two-step drying method is adopted, firstly dry at 85°C for 1 hour to make the moisture content reach about 16%, and then dry at 55°C for 8 hours until the moisture content is about 5%;

(4) Pulverization: superfinely pulverize the dried root of Flammulina velutipes to 300 meshes to obtain root powder of Flammulina velutipes;

(5) Sterilization: The root powder of Flammulina velutipes was sterilized by irradiating the dose of CO ⁶⁰ radioactive source 6kGy for 12min.

Comparative example 3

The cooking, dehydration, steps, drying and pulverizing steps of Example 3 are all the same, but the difference is that there is no sterilization step in Comparative Example 3. The Flammulina velutipes powder treated by irradiation sterilization of the present invention was stored at -10°C for 6 months at normal temperature, and compared with the total number of bacterial colonies stored for 6 months at non-irradiated refrigeration and normal temperature as follows:

The shelf-life comparison of embodiment 3 and comparative example 3

Shelf life/year Example 3 Comparative example 3 1 year No change in color and taste start sticking together 1.5 years No change in color and taste bond Total number of colonies (normal temperature) 50 10475 Total number of colonies (refrigerated) 0 13450

It can be seen from the above comparison table that irradiation sterilization plays an important role in maintaining the quality of Flammulina velutipes root powder. After irradiation sterilization, the shelf life is long. From the total number of colonies, the total number of colonies of Flammulina velutipes powder that has been irradiated is less and almost no colonies.

Example 4

(1) Cooking: take fresh Flammulina velutipes roots, add sodium hyposulfite at a concentration of 1‰ to bleach the roots of Flammulina velutipes. Citric acid, the weight-number ratio of the amount added to the root of Flammulina velutipes is 1.8:1, and the root of Flammulina velutipes is cooked at 90°C for 50 minutes;

(2) Dehydration: Drain the boiled Flammulina velutipes roots and put them into a centrifuge for dehydration until the water content of Flammulina velutipes roots is about 65%;

(3) Drying: drying, using a two-step drying method, first drying at 80°C for about 0.8h to make the moisture content about 20%, and then drying at 50°C for about 8h until the moisture content is about 5%;

(4) Pulverization: superfinely pulverize the dried root of Flammulina velutipes to 300 meshes to obtain root powder of Flammulina velutipes;

(5) Sterilization: The root powder of Flammulina velutipes was irradiated with CO ⁶⁰ radioactive source 6kGy for 10min to sterilize.

Example 5

(1) Cooking: take fresh Flammulina velutipes roots, add sodium hyposulfite at a concentration of 1‰ to bleach the roots of Flammulina velutipes, the ratio of the amount of sodium hyposulfite added to the roots of Flammulina velutipes is 2.2:1, and then add 1‰ Citric acid, the weight ratio of the added amount to the root of Flammulina velutipes is 2.2:1, steamed at 100°C for 70min;

(2) Dehydration: Drain the boiled Flammulina velutipes roots and put them into a centrifuge for dehydration until the water content of Flammulina velutipes roots is about 75%;

(3) Drying: Drying, using a two-step drying method, first drying at 90°C for about 1.2h to make the moisture content about 15%, and then drying at 60°C for about 10h until the moisture content is about 3%;

(4) Pulverization: Superfinely pulverize the dried enoki mushroom roots to 400 meshes to obtain enoki mushroom root powder;

(5) Sterilization: The root powder of Flammulina velutipes was irradiated with CO ⁶⁰ radioactive source 6kGy for 14min to sterilize.

Claims (4)

1. a processing method of Flammulina velutipes root powder, comprises the following steps: (1) Cooking: take fresh Flammulina velutipes roots, add sodium hyposulfite with a concentration of 1‰ to bleach them, the ratio of the amount of sodium hyposulfite added to the roots of Flammulina velutipes is 1.8-2.2:1, and then add a concentration of 1 ‰ of citric acid, the weight-number ratio of its addition to the root of Flammulina velutipes is 1.8～2.2:1, steaming the root of Flammulina velutipes; (2) Dehydration: Drain the boiled Flammulina velutipes roots and put them into a centrifuge to dehydrate until the water content of Flammulina velutipes roots is 65-75%; (3) Drying: drying, first drying at 80-90°C for 0.8-1.2h, so that the moisture content of the root of Flammulina velutipes is 15%-20%, and then drying at 50-60°C for 8-10h, until the moisture content of the root of Flammulina velutipes The content is 3 to 5%; (4) Pulverization: Superfinely pulverize the dried root of Flammulina velutipes to 300-400 meshes to obtain root powder of Flammulina velutipes; (5) Sterilization: The root powder of Flammulina velutipes is irradiated with a Co ⁶⁰ radioactive source of 5-9 kGy for 10-14 minutes to sterilize. 2. The processing method of a kind of Flammulina velutipes root powder as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the condition of adding citric acid to cooking the root of Flammulina velutipes is cooking at 90-100° C. for 50-70 minutes. 3. the processing method of a kind of Flammulina velutipes root powder as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in the described superfine pulverization, Flammulina velutipes root stalk is pulverized to fineness and is 400 orders. 4. the processing method of a kind of Flammulina velutipes root powder as claimed in claim 1, comprises the following steps: (1) Cooking: take fresh Flammulina velutipes roots, add sodium hyposulfite with a concentration of 1‰ to bleach it, the ratio of the added amount to the roots of Flammulina velutipes is 2:1, then add citric acid with a concentration of 1‰, The weight ratio of the amount added to the root of Flammulina velutipes is 2:1, and steamed at 95°C for 60 minutes; (2) Dehydration: Drain the boiled Flammulina velutipes roots and put them into a centrifuge to dehydrate until the water content of Flammulina velutipes roots is 65-75%; (3) Drying: drying, first drying at 80-90°C for 0.8-1.2h to make the moisture content 15%-20%, then drying at 50-60°C for 8-10h until the moisture content is 3-5 %; (4) Pulverization: Superfinely pulverize the dried enoki mushroom roots to 400 meshes to obtain enoki mushroom root powder; (5) Sterilization: The root powder of Flammulina velutipes was irradiated with Co ⁶⁰ radioactive source 6kGy for 12min to sterilize. the