CN102177908B - 一种复配增效的杀虫农药组合物 - Google Patents
一种复配增效的杀虫农药组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102177908B CN102177908B CN 201110058022 CN201110058022A CN102177908B CN 102177908 B CN102177908 B CN 102177908B CN 201110058022 CN201110058022 CN 201110058022 CN 201110058022 A CN201110058022 A CN 201110058022A CN 102177908 B CN102177908 B CN 102177908B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种复配增效的杀虫农药组合物，具体地涉及一种多杀霉素、甲维盐和吡虫啉的三元复配增效杀虫农药组合物以及该三元复配增效杀虫组合物的悬浮剂。该农药组合物包含多杀霉素、甲维盐和吡虫啉三种活性成分，三种活性成分的重量比为1-4∶1-4∶3-7。本发明提供的三元复配农药组合物中三种活性成分之间形成相互增效的关系，这样降低了农药施用量，节省了用药成本。三元复配农药制备成的悬浮剂不仅增长防效期，而且施用方便，环境友好，节省成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药技术领域，特别是涉及一种复配增效的杀虫农药组合物，具体地涉及一种多杀霉素、甲维盐和吡虫啉的三元复配增效杀虫农药组合物以及该三元复配增效杀虫组合物的悬浮剂。
背景技术
多杀霉素(Spinosad)是一种低毒、高效、广谱、低残留的杀虫剂，对害虫具有快速的触杀和胃毒作用，对叶片有较强的渗透作用，能有效的防治鳞翅目、双翅目和缨翅目害虫。适合于蔬菜、果树、园艺、农作物上使用。
甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(简称甲维盐)，是一种超高效、绿色环保型杀虫剂、杀螨剂，具有广谱、无残留、高选择的特性。其是阿维菌素经化学合成的产物，同阿维菌素相比，其活性提高了100-200倍，毒性降低2-3数量级，原药为中等毒，其制剂产品为低毒。是生物源类无公害农药。作用机理通过抑制害虫运动神经内的氨基丁酸传递使害虫几小时内迅速麻痹、拒食、缓慢或不动，且在24-28小时内死亡。作用方式以胃毒为主触杀作用，对作物无内吸性能，但能有效渗入施用作物表皮组织，因而具有较长残效期，对防治棉铃虫、小菜蛾、鳞翅目，螨类、鞘翅目及同翅目害虫有极高活性，且不与其它农作物产生交叉，在土壤和中易降解无残留，不污染环境，在常规剂量范围内对有益昆虫及天敌、人、畜安全，可与大部分农药混用。
现有技术中已经公开了混配增效的组合物，包含多杀霉素和甲维盐的制剂。可参见公开的专利CN101836641A，将该专利的全文引入本文作为参考。
本发明在原有专利多杀霉素和甲维盐基础上开发了一种三元复配杀虫农药组合物，除了包含上述多杀霉素和甲维盐外，还包含一种杀虫剂吡虫啉，吡虫啉是一种硝基亚甲基类内吸杀虫剂，是烟酸乙酰胆碱酯酶受体的作用体，干扰害虫运动神经系统使化学信号传递失灵，无交互抗性问题，用于防治刺吸式口器害虫如蚜虫，粉虱等。
本发明通过将三种农药进行复配试验，发现三种农药混合能够产生预料不到的增效效果，而且将三种复配农药制备成悬浮剂，获得意外好的防效和环境友好性。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种多杀霉素、甲维盐和吡虫啉的三元复配增效杀虫组合物以及该三元复配增效杀虫组合物的悬浮剂。
具体的，本发明提供了一种复配增效的农药组合物，该组合物包含多杀霉素、甲维盐和吡虫啉三种活性成分，三种活性成分的重量比为1-4∶1-4∶3-7。优选的，多杀霉素、甲维盐和吡虫啉三种活性成分的重量比为1∶1∶3。
为了增强上述组合物的分散性、乳化性、湿润性、稳定性和渗透性等，添加不同重量的溶剂或助溶剂、乳化剂、分散剂、共乳化剂、防冻剂、消泡剂、增稠剂、稳定剂、或黏结剂，然后加工成乳油、水乳剂、微乳剂、悬浮剂、可湿性粉剂、水分散性颗粒剂等不同剂型。这些制剂可以加水稀释成水分散性溶液的形式，采用喷雾、弥雾、喷粉、撒施或灌溉等方式施于不同作物和场合防治害虫。
本发明上述组合物可以配制成乳油，所用溶剂和助溶剂为苯、二甲苯、甲苯、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、环己烷、丙酮、环己酮、石油醚、甲醇、正丁醇或乙二醇、乙酸乙酯、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜中的一种或多种；所用乳化剂为农乳700、农乳401、农乳300、农乳600、农乳1602、农乳0203B、农乳0201B、农乳OX2568、6201、2201中的一种或多种；所用pH值调节剂为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、盐酸、醋酸中的任意一种；
本发明上述组合物可以配制成水乳剂，溶剂和助溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、二甲苯、丙酮、环己酮、N-长链烷基吡咯烷酮、乙酸乙酯、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜中的一种或多种；乳化剂为烷基聚乙二醇醚、烷基苯基聚乙二醇醚、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸盐类、乙氧化烷基苯醚、乙氧化烷基醚、环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚、烷基苯磺酸盐、木质素磺酸盐中的一种或多种；分散剂为聚乙烯醇和/或阿拉伯树胶；防冻剂为乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、聚乙二醇、山梨醇中的一种或多种；消泡剂为有机硅油、甲醇、乙醇、环氧大豆油中的一种或多种；增稠剂为聚丙烯酸酯、硅酸铝镁、尿素、天然多糖中的一种或多种；pH值调节剂为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、盐酸、醋酸、磷酸等中的一种或多种。
本发明上述组合物可以配制成微乳剂，溶剂和助溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、正丁醇或乙二醇、丙酮、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、二甲苯、甲苯、环己烷、乙酸乙酯、吡咯烷酮中的一种或多种；乳化剂为硫酸单脂肪基酯盐、木质素磺酸盐、羧甲基纤维素、苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚类、二苄基联苯酚聚氧乙烯醚类、蓖麻油环氧乙烷化物、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚、失水山梨醇脂肪酯聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯崁段共聚物、双甘油聚丙二醇醚、甘油聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚脂肪酸酯，失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯中的一种或多种；防冻剂为甘油、丙二醇、乙二醇、氯化钠、尿素、丙三醇、山梨醇、山梨酸中的一种或多种；稳定剂为尿素、甲醇、石油醚、可湿性淀粉、甲苯基缩水甘油醇重的一种或多种；消泡剂为有机硅油、甲醇、乙醇、环氧大豆油中的一种或多种。
本发明上述组合物可以配制成可湿性粉剂，助剂为润湿剂为烷基苯磺酸钠、脂肪酸硫酸盐、月桂醇基硫酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、湿润渗透剂JFC、茶枯粉、皂角粉中的一种或多种；分散剂为木质素磺酸盐、烷基萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物、二丁基萘磺酸钠、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯基醚崁段共聚物、烷基酚聚氧乙烯磷酸酯中的一种或多种；填料为高岭土、粘土、滑石粉、蒙脱土、硅藻土、膨润土、轻质碳酸钙、活性白土中的一种或多种。
本发明上述组合物可以配制成水分散性粒剂，润湿剂为烷基苯磺酸钠、木质素磺酸钠、脂肪醇、脂肪酸硫酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、茶枯粉、皂角粉中的一种或多种；分散剂为木质素磺酸盐、烷基萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物、二丁基萘磺酸钠、二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠、丙烯酸均聚物钠盐、烷基芳基聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯中的一种或多种；黏结剂为淀粉、环糊精、明胶、大豆卵磷脂、松香、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯二醇、硅酸钠、石蜡中的一种或多种；崩解剂为膨润土、硫酸铵、尿素、氯化镁、氯化钠中的一种或多种；载体为高岭土、轻质碳酸钙、白炭黑、蒙脱石、硅藻土、黏土、活性白土、珍珠陶土、滑石粉、稻壳、烟草、玉米棒芯中的一种或多种。
优选的本发明还提供了一种包含多杀霉素、甲维盐和吡虫啉三种活性成分的悬浮剂该悬浮剂能够有效地提高三种农药组合物的稳定性利于三元复配农药发挥药效。本发明提供的三元复配农药的悬浮剂是通过如下多种组分制备得到：
将上述组分混合之后，将得到的悬浮体系先进行粗研磨然后进行细研磨，以使平均粒度在20μm以下，优选地使悬浮剂中固体颗粒的平均粒度为1至10μm，这样制备得到多杀霉素、甲维盐和吡虫啉三元复配农药的悬浮剂。或者见各个组分混合后直接进行球磨，使得固体颗粒的平均粒径小于5μm。
优选的制备上述悬浮剂中的多种组分的重量份数如下：
将上述各个组分充分混合均匀后，放入球磨机中进行球磨，使得最终的悬浮剂中固体物质的平均粒径在5μm以下，制备得到多杀霉素、甲维盐和吡虫啉三元复配农药的悬浮剂。
本发明提供的三元复配农药组合物中三种活性成分之间形成相互增效的关系，这样施用农药降低了用药量，并且节省了用药成本。三元复配农药制备成的悬浮剂不仅表现出了增长防效期的作用，而且施用方便，环境友好，节省成本。
本发明的组合物可用于防治多种农业害虫，例如在防治蔬菜小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾或/和甜菜夜蛾的同时，又能防治蓟马、白粉虱、烟粉虱、蚜虫、黄曲条跳甲等，在防治水稻稻纵卷叶螟或/和二化螟、三化螟、大螟、稻苞虫的同时，又防治稻飞虱、稻象甲等，可以达到一次用药防治多种不同类型害虫的效果。
具体实施方式
为了理解本发明，下面以实施例进一步说明本发明，但不限制本发明。
实施例1：增效试验
将多杀霉素、甲维盐和吡虫啉按照重量比1∶1∶3混合制备成常规乳油制剂(农药A)，将多杀霉素和甲维盐制备成常规乳油制剂(农药B)，其中多杀霉素和甲维盐的重量比例为1∶1，吡虫啉制备成常规乳油制剂(农药C)，上述乳油的制备是通过将活性成分与乳化剂农乳700、溶剂乙二醇混合制备得到。将上述三种制剂施用于害虫稻纵卷叶螟，观测防效。具体农药有效成分用量和防效的结果如下：
表1：农药组合物对稻纵卷叶螟的防效
| 农药 | 有效成分用量(g/亩) | 5天后的防效(％) |
| 农药A | 4(多杀霉素、甲维盐和吡虫啉用量分别为1g，1g，3g) | 96 |
| 农药B | 2(多杀霉素、甲维盐用量分别为1g，1g) | 74 |
| 农药C | 3(吡虫啉用量为3g) | 68 |
我们已知甲维盐和多杀霉素复配增效，本发明意外地发现，该增效的复配组合物与吡虫啉形成三元复配后依然能够获得良好的杀虫增效效果，从上述试验后的结果表1中看出该三元复配农药组合物存在增效效果。通过Colby公式计算，由农药B(甲维盐和多杀霉素复配组合物)和农药C(吡虫啉)对稻纵卷叶螟的实际防效计算出的三种农药复配的理论防效为91.68％，而农药A(甲维盐、多杀霉素和吡虫啉)获得的三种农药复配的实际防效为96％，三种农药复配的实际防效大于通过农药B和农药C防效计算得到的理论防效。所以说甲维盐、多杀霉素和吡虫啉在重量比为1∶1∶3的情况下是增效的。
根据上述实验方法，通过进一步实验证明，在多杀霉素、甲维盐和吡虫啉三种活性成分重量比为1-4∶1-4∶3-7的情况下都是增效的。
实施例2：50％多杀菌素·甲维盐·吡虫啉悬浮剂
将10g多杀菌素，10g甲维盐、30g吡虫啉、4g木质素磺酸钠、2g NNO、1g羟乙基纤维素、0.5g聚乙二醇、0.7g聚合甘油、41.8g水混合均匀，放入球磨机中进行球磨3小时，使得最终的悬浮剂中固体物质的平均粒径在5μm以下，制备得到50％多杀菌素·甲维盐·吡虫啉悬浮剂。
通过对比上述实施例2制备得到的悬浮剂和实施例1制备得到的相同活性成分含量的乳油对比，在有效成分施用量相同的条件下，实施例2制备得到的悬浮剂具有药效快、持效期长的优点，防治效果最高可达97％以上，用药后15天仍能以93％的防效有效地控制害虫种群。即使在同等防效下，也要比乳油制剂节约成本30％，而且施用方便，残留低、污染小。
本发明的农药组合物及其制剂已经通过具体的实施例进行了描述。本领域技术人员可以借鉴本发明的内容适当改变原料、工艺条件等环节来实现相应的其它目的，其相关改变都没有脱离本发明的内容，所有类似的替换和改动对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的，都被视为包括在本发明的范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种复配增效的农药组合物，该组合物中的活性成分由多杀霉素、甲维盐和吡虫啉三种活性成分组成，其中多杀霉素、甲维盐和吡虫啉三种活性成分的重量比为1∶1∶3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的农药组合物，该组合物被制备成乳油、水乳剂、微乳剂、悬浮剂、可湿性粉剂或水分散性颗粒剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的农药组合物，该组合物被制备成悬浮剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的农药组合物，其中悬浮剂是通过如下多种组分制备得到：
多杀霉素 10重量份
甲维盐 10重量份
吡虫啉 30重量份
木质素磺酸钠 4重量份
NNO 2重量份
羟乙基纤维素 1重量份
聚乙二醇 0.5重量份
聚合甘油 0.7重量份
水 41.8重量份，
制备方法是将上述多种组分混合之后，直接进行球磨，使得固体颗粒的平均粒径小于5μm。
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| CN1386420A (zh) * | 2001-05-22 | 2002-12-25 | 王玉万 | 一种含吡虫啉的宠物用抗寄生虫药 |
| CN1449663A (zh) * | 2002-03-22 | 2003-10-22 | 拜尔农作物科学株式会社 | 改进的农药组合物 |
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| CN101305723A (zh) * | 2008-06-16 | 2008-11-19 | 陕西上格之路生物科学有限公司 | 一种含多杀霉素的杀虫组合物及其应用 |
| CN101836641A (zh) * | 2010-05-25 | 2010-09-22 | 杭州宇龙化工有限公司 | 含多杀霉素与甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的油悬浮剂杀虫组合物 |
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| CN1386420A (zh) * | 2001-05-22 | 2002-12-25 | 王玉万 | 一种含吡虫啉的宠物用抗寄生虫药 |
| CN1449663A (zh) * | 2002-03-22 | 2003-10-22 | 拜尔农作物科学株式会社 | 改进的农药组合物 |
| WO2005094585A1 (en) * | 2004-03-16 | 2005-10-13 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Pesticidal composition and method for seed treatment |
| CN101305723A (zh) * | 2008-06-16 | 2008-11-19 | 陕西上格之路生物科学有限公司 | 一种含多杀霉素的杀虫组合物及其应用 |
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