CN102160486A - Pneumatic seed shooting mechanism and automatic control method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a pneumatic seed shooting mechanism and an automatic control method thereof. The pneumatic seed shooting mechanism comprises a stepping motor (3), a PLC (programmable logic controller) controller (8), a two-station two-way solenoid valve (9), an air storage tank (11), a gas pressure sensor (12), a traction electromagnet (13), a photoelectric sensor (15) and a feeding level sensor; and the PLC controller is started to realize automatic control on the feeding level sensor, the stepping motor, the photoelectric sensor, the traction electromagnet, the gas pressure sensor and the two-station two-way solenoid valve. The PLC controller can cooperatively control the stepping motor, the traction electromagnet and the two-station two-way solenoid valve to operate according to a signal emitted by an infrared sensor, thus pneumatic seed shooting automatic control is realized.

Description

A pneumatic seed injection mechanism and its automatic control method

technical field

The invention relates to a pneumatic seed injection mechanism, in particular to a pneumatic seed injection mechanism and an automatic control method thereof.

Background technique

With the continuous development of agricultural science and technology, the principle of pneumatic seeding has been applied to various seeding machines, which have the characteristics of fast seeding speed, high efficiency, and no damage to seeds. The structure of the existing pneumatic seeding device is shown in Figure 2. The camshaft is used to connect the air valve cam 19 and the valve lever cam coaxially. The chain transmits the power to the camshaft and drives the two cams to rotate. In addition, another sprocket is installed on the camshaft to transmit the power to the seed meter to ensure the coordinated work of the seed injection device. When the seed valve is opened under the action of the lever cam, the seed meter discharges a proper amount of seeds from the seed box, and falls into the injection cavity under the action of gravity, then the lever cam rotates from the top to the lowest point, and the seeds are discharged The valve is closed under the action of the spring, and when the gas valve cam turns to the highest point, the gas valve opens to discharge the gas. Under the specified pressure and flow, the seeds are injected into the soil to a predetermined depth, so as to achieve the purpose of pneumatic seeding.

The power source of the seed meter, the air valve cam and the seed valve lever cam of the existing pneumatic seed injection mechanism all come from the drive of the ground wheel. Therefore, in order for the mechanism to complete a whole set of seeding injection process, the requirements for the power source are very critical; and the power transmission of the ground wheel of the seeder will be unstable due to the unevenness of the cultivated land, and the ground wheel will be unstable. Slip phenomenon will affect the transmission and cooperation between the mechanism's seed discharge and air pressure injection, and reduce the operating efficiency of the seeder; in addition, during the sowing process, the operator needs to continuously monitor the amount of seeds in the seed box and the remaining air pressure in the air storage tank Whether it meets the pressure value required by pneumatic injection is time-consuming and laborious.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to avoid the shortcomings in the prior art, and provide a PLC control method for the pneumatic seed injection mechanism by adjusting and replacing the components of the existing pneumatic seed injection mechanism. Realize the automatic control and precision seeding of the air injection seeding process.

To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following schemes:

First, a pneumatic seeding mechanism is provided, including: a stepper motor (3), a PLC controller (8), a two-position two-way solenoid valve (9), an air storage tank (11), an air pressure sensor (12), a traction electromagnetic Iron (13), photoelectric sensor (15), lower material level sensor (17); PLC controller (8) and lower material level sensor (17), air pressure sensor (12), photoelectric sensor (15), stepper motor (3), the traction electromagnet (13), the two-position two-way solenoid valve (9) is connected, receives the seed amount signal detected by the lower material level sensor (17), and controls the stepping motor according to the detected seed amount signal ( 3) Whether it is energized and operated; the air pressure sensor (12) transmits the detected air pressure signal to the PLC controller (8), and controls whether the two-position two-way solenoid valve (9) is energized or not according to the detected air pressure signal, and the photoelectric sensor (15) is used for sensing the position information of the cam (14), through which the PLC controller (8) controls whether the traction electromagnet (13) is energized.

The present invention also provides an automatic control method of a pneumatic seed injection mechanism. After being detected by the feeding level sensor (17), if the quantity of the seed box 1 is sufficient, the PLC controller (8) controls the stepping motor (3) to be energized to work, The stepping motor drives the seed metering device (2) to rotate so that the seeds enter the seed delivery pipe (4) from the seed box; the cam (14) rotates with the drive of the ground wheel chain of the planter, and when the cam reaches the highest point, the light beam is interrupted , the photoelectric sensor (15) sends a signal to the PLC controller (8), and the PLC controller (8) controls the traction electromagnet (13) to be energized, and drives the valve lever to press the seed valve (6) on the top of the injection chamber (7) Next, the seeds rely on their own gravity to enter the injection cavity (7) through the seed valve (6); after a certain period of power-on delay, the traction electromagnet (13) is powered off, and the seed valve (6) is closed; at this time, If the air pressure sensor (12) does not send a signal that the air pressure of the air storage tank (11) is insufficient to the PLC controller (8), the PLC controller (8) controls the two-position two-way solenoid valve (9) to be energized, and the gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe. (10) Entering the seed injection cavity (7), the two-position two-way solenoid valve (9) is powered on for a certain period of time; the seeds are accelerated under the action of high-pressure gas, and then injected into the soil to complete a seed injection process.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following effects:

(1) The control method can automatically control the seeding and seeding process of the pneumatic seeding mechanism through the PLC programming controller. The power source of the system is stable, and the distance between crops can be adjusted according to the forward speed of the planter.

(2) The PLC control method does not require operators to monitor the amount of seeds in the seed box and whether the remaining air pressure in the air storage tank meets the pressure value required for pneumatic seeding during the operation of the seeding mechanism, saving time and effort.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a pneumatic injection mechanism controlled by PLC;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an existing pneumatic injection mechanism;

Figure 3 is a PLC input and output wiring diagram.

Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the control principle of the pneumatic injection mechanism controlled by PLC.

In the figure: 1. Seed box, 2. Seed metering device, 3. Stepper motor, 4. Seed delivery tube, 5. Spring, 6. Seed metering valve, 7. Seed injection chamber, 8. PLC controller, 9. Two-position two-way solenoid valve, 10. Exhaust pipe, 11. Air storage tank, 12. Air pressure sensor, 13. Traction electromagnet, 14. Cam, 15. Photoelectric sensor, 16. Seed valve lever, 17. Feed Position sensor, 18. gas valve, 19. gas valve cam.

Detailed ways

The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the examples given are only used to explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Embodiment 1, as shown in Figure 1, the pneumatic seed injection mechanism controlled by PLC includes: a seed box 1, a seed meter 2, a stepper motor 3, a seed delivery pipe 4, a seed meter valve 6, a seed ejector Cavity 7, PLC controller 8, two-position two-way solenoid valve 9, exhaust pipe 10, gas storage tank 11, air pressure sensor 12, traction electromagnet 13, cam 14, photoelectric sensor 15, seed valve lever 16, feeding bit sensor 17;

The control system includes a PLC controller 8, a stepper motor 3 is installed on the seed-discharging shaft, a material level sensor 17 is installed at the bottom of the right side of the seed box 1, and a traction electromagnet 13 is installed at the end of the seed-discharging valve lever 16. A two-position two-way electromagnetic valve 9 is installed on the exhaust pipe 10 at the right end of the injection chamber 7 and an air pressure sensor 12 is installed at the outlet of the gas tank 11, and a photoelectric sensor 15 is installed on the upper end of the cam 14.

As shown in Figure 3, the PLC controller 8 is respectively connected with the lower material level sensor 17, the air pressure sensor 12, the photoelectric sensor 15, the stepper motor 3, the traction electromagnet 13, and the two-position two-way solenoid valve 9, and receives the lower material level sensor. 17 Detected seed amount signal, according to the detected seed amount signal, control whether the stepper motor 3 is energized and acted; the air pressure sensor 12 transmits the detected air pressure signal to the PLC controller 8, and according to the detected air pressure signal, Control whether the two-position two-way solenoid valve 9 is energized, the photoelectric sensor 15 is used to sense the position information of the cam 14, and the PLC controller 8 controls whether the traction electromagnet 13 is energized through the cam position information.

Start the automatic control of the PLC controller by the switch of the PLC controller 8 to the lower material level sensor 17, the stepper motor 3, the photoelectric sensor 15, the traction electromagnet 13, the air pressure sensor 12, and the two-position two-way solenoid valve 9. When the amount of seeds in the seed box is insufficient or the injection air pressure is lower than the required value, the lower material level sensor or the air pressure sensor sends out a signal, and the stepper motor, traction electromagnet, and two-position two-way solenoid valve stop working through the PLC controller. After troubleshooting, restart. When working without failure, the PLC controller can coordinately control the stepping motor, traction electromagnet, and two-position two-way solenoid valve according to the signals sent by the infrared sensor, so as to realize the automatic control of pneumatic seeding.

The stepper motor 3 is controlled by a PLC controller 8, and the speed of the stepper motor can be adjusted according to the forward speed of the seeder. The lower material level sensor 17 detects the amount of one seed in the seed box, and when the seed amount is lower than the set position, the lower material level sensor 17 sends a signal to the PLC controller 8 . The traction electromagnet 13 can control the seeding demand according to PLC programming, and electromagnetically attract or release the seeding valve 6 . The two-position two-way solenoid valve 9 is opened and closed according to the signal sent by the air pressure sensor 12 installed at the outlet of the gas storage tank 11 . The air pressure sensor 12 installed at the outlet of the gas storage tank detects the pressure of the gas storage tank 11 in real time. A photoelectric sensor 15 is installed on the cam 14 upper end, and when the cam turned to the highest point, the light beam was blocked, and the photoelectric sensor sent a signal.

As shown in Figure 4, it is the control method of the pneumatic seeding mechanism of the present invention. The pneumatic seeding mechanism controlled by PLC is detected by the lower material level sensor 17 when in use. The motor 3 gets electricity to work, and the stepper motor drives the seed metering device 2 to rotate so that the seeds enter the seed delivery pipe 4 from the seed box. The cam 14 rotates with the driving of the ground wheel chain of the planter. When the cam reaches the highest point, the light beam is blocked, the photoelectric sensor 15 sends out a signal, and the traction electromagnet 13 is energized to drive the valve lever to turn the seed valve 6 Press down, and the seeds rely on their own gravity to enter the injection cavity 7 through the seed valve 6 . After the power-on delay is 4s, the traction electromagnet 13 is powered off, and the seed valve 6 is closed; the delay time between the electromagnet 13 and power-off can be controlled to open and close the seed valve 6 to realize the control of the sown crops. Control of plant distance. For example, the above-mentioned power-on delay can be set to 5s or 10s to achieve greater control of plant-to-plant distance. At this time, if the air pressure sensor 12 does not send a signal that the air pressure of the gas tank 11 is insufficient, the two-position two-way solenoid valve 9 is energized, and the gas enters the injection chamber 7 from the exhaust pipe 10, and the energized state lasts for 3 seconds. The seeds are accelerated under the action of high-pressure gas, and then shot into the soil to complete a seeding process.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. scope.

Claims (2)

1. A pneumatic seeding mechanism is characterized in that, comprising: stepper motor (3), PLC controller (8), two-position two-way solenoid valve (9), air storage tank (11), air pressure sensor (12 ), traction electromagnet (13), photoelectric sensor (15), lower material level sensor (17); PLC controller (8) and lower material level sensor (17), air pressure sensor (12), photoelectric sensor (15) , stepper motor (3), traction electromagnet (13), and two-position two-way solenoid valve (9) are connected to receive the seed quantity signal detected by the lower material level sensor (17), and control the Whether the stepper motor (3) is energized and actuated; the air pressure sensor (12) transmits the detected air pressure signal to the PLC controller (8), and controls whether the two-position two-way solenoid valve (9) is When energized, the photoelectric sensor (15) is used to sense the position information of the cam (14), and through the position information of the cam, the PLC controller (8) controls whether the traction electromagnet (13) is energized. 2. An automatic control method of a pneumatic seed injection mechanism, characterized in that, after the detection of the lower material level sensor (17), if the quantity of the seed box 1 is sufficient, the PLC controller (8) controls the stepper motor (3) to be energized Work, the stepper motor drives the seed metering device (2) to rotate to make the seeds enter the seed delivery pipe (4) from the seed box; the cam (14) rotates with the drive of the ground wheel chain of the planter, when the cam turns to the highest point, Block the light beam, the photoelectric sensor (15) sends a signal to the PLC controller (8), the PLC controller (8) controls the traction electromagnet (13) to energize, and drives the valve lever to push the seed valve (6) on the top of the injection cavity (7) ) is pressed down, and the seeds rely on their own gravity to enter the injection cavity (7) through the seed valve (6); after a certain period of power-on delay, the traction electromagnet (13) is powered off, and the seed valve (6) is closed; At this time, if the air pressure sensor (12) does not send a signal to the PLC controller (8) that the air pressure of the gas storage tank (11) is insufficient, the PLC controller (8) controls the two-position two-way solenoid valve (9) to be energized, and the gas is discharged The trachea (10) enters the injection cavity (7), and the 2-position, 2-way solenoid valve (9) is energized for a certain period of time; the seeds are accelerated under the action of high-pressure gas, and then injected into the soil to complete a seed injection process.

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