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CN102134718A - 阴极保护监测 - Google Patents

阴极保护监测 Download PDF

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CN102134718A
CN102134718A CN201010586726XA CN201010586726A CN102134718A CN 102134718 A CN102134718 A CN 102134718A CN 201010586726X A CN201010586726X A CN 201010586726XA CN 201010586726 A CN201010586726 A CN 201010586726A CN 102134718 A CN102134718 A CN 102134718A
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J·郭
J·拉金
N·K·奥克旺-卡卢
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/04—Controlling or regulating desired parameters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
    • C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
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    • C23F2213/00—Aspects of inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F2213/30—Anodic or cathodic protection specially adapted for a specific object
    • C23F2213/31—Immersed structures, e.g. submarine structures

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Abstract

一种监测位于设施的水下的物件的阴极保护的方法，该设施还包括处理部件，包括下列步骤：提供一对第一和第二电极，第一电极电连接到该物件并且第二电极与该物件附近的水接触；测量第一与第二电极之间的电势并且产生指示阴极保护水平的电信号；将该信号转换成与处理部件兼容的通信格式并且将其传递给处理部件；以及将经转换的信号从处理部件传送到水面位置。

Description

阴极保护监测
技术领域
本发明涉及监测位于设施的水下物件的阴极保护的方法以及具有要求阴极保护的物件的水下设施。具体来说，本发明适合于海底羟类提取设施。
背景技术
部署在水下、特别是海底的金属物件和表面因周围液体的电解性质而易于腐蚀。这种腐蚀可导致水下设备故障，因而具有停工期和更换的极大费用。
一种用于在部署水下设备之后减小腐蚀的标准技术是使用阴极保护，一般缩写为“CP”。一种广泛使用形式的CP是“流电(galvanic)阳极CP”，其中牺牲金属表面定位在待保护金属物件附近。选择具有比待保护物件具有更高幅值电化学势的牺牲金属材料。例如，常用的牺牲金属材料包括锌、镁和铝的合金。当例如位于海底时，牺牲金属材料将优先于物件被腐蚀。最后，牺牲材料将被腐蚀到需要更换牺牲材料的程度。
主要取决于剩余的可腐蚀牺牲材料量的CP的效能可通过监测待保护金属物件与周围液体之间的电势来监测，这是本领域众所周知的。对于例如海底CP，通常是将基于氯化银(AgCl)的电极用于此目的。规定了控制CP设计的国际标准，当前示例为DNV-RP-B401。当前，这些标准推荐，在达到系统上的-0.8V的电势(Ag|AgCl|seawater)之前没有呈现海底设备的有效腐蚀保护。因此，需要监测设备上的电势以确保满足所需的CP水平。
发明内容
在海底羟类提取工业中，海底CP监测的当前可用方法涉及部署海底远程操作车辆(ROV)来定期测量CP电势。这是费用高且费时的过程，特别是当单独部署ROV用于此目的时。
本发明的一个目的是克服这个问题并且消除当前对CP监测的海底干预的必要性。这个目的通过下列步骤来实现：使CP电势能够从水面、即从位于岸上或船上或钻探平台上的甲板上设施来监测。这样，本发明提供CP监测的远程条件监测和诊断。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供一种监测位于设施的水下物件的阴极保护的方法，该设施还包括处理部件，包括下列步骤：提供一对第一和第二电极-第一电极电连接到该物件并且第二电极与该物件附近的水接触；测量第一与第二电极之间的电势并且产生指示阴极保护水平的电信号；将该信号转换成与处理部件兼容的通信格式并且将其传递给处理部件；以及将经转换的信号从处理部件传送到水面位置。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供一种具有要求阴极保护的物件的水下设施，包括：一对第一和第二电极-第一电极电连接到该物件并且第二电极与该物件附近的水接触；用于测量第一与第二电极之间的电势并且产生指示阴极保护水平的电信号的部件；用于将该信号转换成与处理部件兼容的通信格式的变换器(transducer)；处理部件；用于将经转换的信号传递给处理部件的部件；以及用于将经转换的信号从处理部件传送到水面位置的传输部件。
根据本发明的第三方面，提供一种根据第二方面的水下羟类提取设施。
由此，本发明其中还提供下列优点：瞬时和实时监测CP水平是可实现的，本发明可适于标准水下设备、如海底油井结构的海底电子模块，可迅速检测和矫正设备的过度保护或保护不足，并且消除与ROV干预关联的费用。
附图说明
现在参照附图1来描述本发明，图1示意示出根据本发明的一个实施例的海底油井结构。
图1示出实现根据本发明的CP监测的海底油井结构6、即这个实施例中的羟类提取设施的海底油井树的图示。
具体实施方式
将一对参考电极1a和1b装配到结构上，使得第一电极1a电连接到待保护物件，并且第二电极定位成与该物件附近的水接触。在这里，术语“附近”用于表示充分接近该物件以便使得能够得到有用的CP指示的水，这类距离是本领域已知的。这些电极实现物件与周围海水之间的电势(称作“CP电势”)的测量。电极1a、1b例如可以是锌基或者本领域已知的其它材料，例如氯化银。指示阴极保护水平的电信号由此由电极产生。
将电势馈送到包含电子器件的变换器2，它将电势转换成4-20mA接口。这个接口可以是任何通信格式，例如CANbus、Profibus 或Modbus，它与结构6的处理部件5(参见下文)兼容并且由其解释。换言之，将电势变换成与处理部件3所采用的通信协议兼容的信号。
然后，经转换的信号经由电缆8通过海底控制模块安装底座(SCMMB)3传送，并且传递给处理部件5、即本例中的海底电子模块(SEM)。SEM 5通常位于海底控制模块(SCM)4中。
数据从SEM 5传送到水面位置，例如甲板上设施、如主控制站(MCS)。线路7用于这种传输。线路7包括本领域已知的链接海底设施和水面的脐带电缆中的现有线路(未示出)，使得SEM 5和甲板上之间的现有通信系统可用于将数据传递给MCS。一旦到达，则数据可被解释并且向海底设备操作人员显示。
在本发明的范围之内的各种备选和修改方案将是本领域的技术人员清楚知道的。例如，本发明可适用于受到CP的任何其它水下结构，例如脐带端接组件、海底分配单元(SDU)、歧管等等。
使用在结构周围间隔开的电极对的多个测量点也是可能的。在这种情况下，各电极对可链接到与SEM连接的网络总线。多个测量点的使用使CP的效能能够在结构周围的各个位置被监测。通常为对于设施的临界性水平来选择这些位置。
可根据需要连续或间断地监测CP。

Claims (10)

1.一种监测位于设施的水下物件的阴极保护的方法，所述设施还包括处理部件，该方法包括下列步骤：
提供一对第一和第二电极，所述第一电极电连接到所述物件，并且所述第二电极与所述物件附近的水接触；
测量所述第一与第二电极之间的电势；
产生指示阴极保护水平的电信号；
将所述信号转换成与所述处理部件兼容的通信格式，并且将其传递给所述处理部件；以及
将所述经转换的信号从所述处理部件传送到水面位置。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述水下设施包括水下羟类提取设施。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，与所述处理部件兼容的所述通信格式包括CANbus。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，与所述处理部件兼容的所述通信格式包括profibus。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，与所述处理部件兼容的所述通信格式包括modbus。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，包括下列步骤：
提供至少附加一对第一和第二电极，所述第一电极电连接到不同位置的物件，所述第一对的第一电极和该第二电极与所述物件附近的水接触；
测量所述附加一对的第一与第二电极之间的电势；
产生指示所述阴极保护水平的电信号；
将所述信号转换成与所述处理部件兼容的通信格式，并且将其传递给所述处理部件。
7.一种具有要求阴极保护的物件的水下设施，包括：
一对第一和第二电极，所述第一电极电连接到所述物件，并且所述第二电极与所述物件附近的水接触；
用于测量所述第一与第二电极之间的所述电势并且产生指示所述阴极保护水平的电信号的部件；
用于将所述信号转换成与所述处理部件兼容的通信格式的变换器；
处理部件；
用于将所述经转换的信号传递给所述处理部件的部件；以及
用于将所述经转换的信号从所述处理部件传送到水面位置的传输部件。
8.如权利要求7所述的水下羟类提取设施。
9.如权利要求8所述的提取设施，其中，所述传输部件包括脐带电缆，所述处理部件包括海底电子模块，并且所述变换器将所述信号转换成CANbus格式、profibus格式或modbus格式中的至少一个。
10.如权利要求7所述的水下设施，包括至少附加一对第一和第二电极。
CN201010586726.XA 2009-11-30 2010-11-30 阴极保护监测 Expired - Fee Related CN102134718B (zh)

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