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CN102112816B - Air conditioner - Google Patents

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Publication number
CN102112816B
CN102112816B CN2008801305550A CN200880130555A CN102112816B CN 102112816 B CN102112816 B CN 102112816B CN 2008801305550 A CN2008801305550 A CN 2008801305550A CN 200880130555 A CN200880130555 A CN 200880130555A CN 102112816 B CN102112816 B CN 102112816B
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heat exchanger
refrigerant
heat
heat medium
valve
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CN102112816A (en
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森本裕之
山下浩司
鸠村杰
若本慎一
竹中直史
岛津裕辅
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/06—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/06—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units
    • F24F3/065—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units with a plurality of evaporators or condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/001—Compression cycle type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/02—System or Device comprising a heat pump as a subsystem, e.g. combined with humidification/dehumidification, heating, natural energy or with hybrid system
    • F24F2203/021—Compression cycle
    • F24F2203/023—Compression cycle with turbine used for expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2221/00—Details or features not otherwise provided for
    • F24F2221/54—Heating and cooling, simultaneously or alternatively
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/006—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for two pipes connecting the outdoor side to the indoor side with multiple indoor units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
    • F25B2313/0231—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units with simultaneous cooling and heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
    • F25B2313/0233—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units in parallel arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
    • F25B2313/0272—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using bridge circuits of one-way valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
    • F25B2313/02741—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using one four-way valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
    • F25B5/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in series

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an air conditioner where labor required to select a system is reduced. The air conditioner (100) has at least one intermediate heat exchanger (15) for exchanging heat between a refrigerant and a heat medium; a refrigeration cycle circuit formed by interconnecting a compressor (10), a heat source-side heat exchanger (12), an expansion valve (16e), and a refrigerant-side flowpath of the intermediate heat exchanger (15) via refrigerant piping (4) in which the refrigerant flows; and a heat medium circulation circuit formed by interconnecting a heat medium-side flow path ofthe intermediate heat exchanger (15), a pump (21), and a utilization-side heat exchanger (26) via piping (5) in which the heat medium flows. The compressor (10) and the heat source-side heat exchanger (12) are received in a heat source device (1), the intermediate heat exchanger (15) and the pump (21) are received in a relay unit (3), and the utilization-side heat exchanger (26) is received in anindoor unit (2). An expansion tank (6) for absorbing a change in the volume of the heat medium is connected to the heat medium circulation circuit.

Description

空气调节装置air conditioner

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及适用于楼房用多路空调等的空气调节装置。The present invention relates to an air conditioner suitable for multi-channel air conditioners used in buildings and the like.

背景技术 Background technique

以往，存在适用空气调节装置的楼房用多路空调(例如参见专利文献1)，该空气调节装置通过使制冷剂在配置于室外的热源机即室外机与配置于室内的室内机之间循环，将冷能(cooling energy)或热能(heating energy)传送到室内等空调对象区域，进行制冷运转或供热运转。作为该空气调节装置中采用的制冷剂，例如多采用HFC系制冷剂。另外，近年来，也采用二氧化碳(CO2)等自然制冷剂。Conventionally, there is a multi-air conditioner for buildings (for example, refer to Patent Document 1) that applies an air conditioner that circulates a refrigerant between an outdoor unit that is a heat source unit disposed outdoors and an indoor unit disposed indoors. Cooling energy or heating energy is transmitted to air-conditioned areas such as indoors to perform cooling or heating operation. As the refrigerant used in this air conditioner, for example, HFC-based refrigerants are often used. In addition, in recent years, natural refrigerants such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) have also been used.

另外，也存在着以冷机系统为代表的其它结构的空气调节装置。在该空气调节装置中，在配置于室外的热源机中，生成冷能或热能，用配置在室外机内的热交换器把冷能或热能传递给水、防冻液等热介质，并将其传送到配置在空调对象区域的室内机即风扇盘管部件、板式加热器等，进行制冷运转或供热运转(例如参见专利文献2)。另外，也有废热回收型冷机那样的、把4根水配管连接在热源机上而供给冷能和热能的装置。In addition, there are also air-conditioning apparatuses of other structures typified by chiller systems. In this air conditioner, cold energy or heat energy is generated in a heat source unit arranged outdoors, and the cold energy or heat energy is transferred to a heat medium such as water or antifreeze by a heat exchanger arranged in the outdoor unit, and then transferred Cooling operation or heating operation is performed on indoor units arranged in the air-conditioning target area, that is, fan coil units, panel heaters, etc. (for example, refer to Patent Document 2). In addition, there is also a device that supplies cooling energy and heating energy by connecting four water pipes to a heat source machine, such as a waste heat recovery type refrigerator.

专利文献1：日本特开平2-118372号公报(第3页，图1)Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-118372 (page 3, FIG. 1 )

专利文献2：日本特开2003-343936号公报(第5页，图1)Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-343936 (page 5, FIG. 1 )

发明内容 Contents of the invention

发明要解决的课题The problem to be solved by the invention

在已往的空气调节装置中，由于把高压的制冷剂传送到室内机，制冷剂充填量变得非常大，在制冷剂从制冷剂回路泄漏时，例如会促进地球暖化等，对地球环境造成不良影响。尤其是R410A的地球暖化系数高达1970，使用这样的制冷剂时，从保护地球环境的观点考虑，削减制冷剂充填量是非常重要的。另外，当制冷剂泄漏到居住空间时，会产生因该制冷剂的化学性质对人体有不良影响的情况。因此，必须进行必要量以上的换气或安装泄漏传感器等措施，从而导致成本增加、消耗电力的增加。In the conventional air-conditioning equipment, since the high-pressure refrigerant is sent to the indoor unit, the amount of refrigerant charge becomes very large. When the refrigerant leaks from the refrigerant circuit, for example, it will promote global warming and cause adverse effects on the global environment. Influence. In particular, R410A has a global warming coefficient as high as 1970. When using such a refrigerant, it is very important to reduce the amount of refrigerant charged from the viewpoint of protecting the global environment. In addition, when the refrigerant leaks into the living space, it may have adverse effects on the human body due to the chemical properties of the refrigerant. Therefore, measures such as ventilating more than necessary and installing a leak sensor must be performed, resulting in an increase in cost and power consumption.

专利文献2中记载的冷机系统可以解决这些问题。但是，由于在室外机进行制冷剂与水的热交换，将水传送到室内机，所以，水的传送动力变得非常大，增加能量消耗。另外，利用水等供给冷能和热能二者时，配管的连接根数必须增多，设置工程中的工夫、时间、费用都增多。The chiller system described in Patent Document 2 can solve these problems. However, since the heat exchange between the refrigerant and the water is performed in the outdoor unit and the water is transferred to the indoor unit, the water transfer power becomes very large, which increases energy consumption. In addition, when using water or the like to supply both the cooling energy and the heating energy, the number of connected pipes must be increased, and the effort, time, and cost of the installation process are increased.

另外，在利用水的系统中，由于水的密度随水温的变化而变化，所以，必须要有吸收水的膨胀的装置，必须对每个设置的系统选定膨胀箱，在膨胀箱的选定方面，也花费心思。通常，膨胀箱具有比较大的形状，不能收纳在天花板里等而必须设置在机械室内。即，必须确保能设置膨胀箱的大的设置空间。In addition, in the system using water, since the density of water changes with the change of water temperature, it is necessary to have a device to absorb the expansion of water, and an expansion tank must be selected for each system installed. On the other hand, it also took a lot of thought. Usually, the expansion tank has a relatively large shape and cannot be accommodated in the ceiling or the like but must be installed in the machine room. That is, it is necessary to secure a large installation space in which the expansion tank can be installed.

本发明是为了解决上述课题而做出的，其目的是提供节能性高、不向室内机传送高压的制冷剂且能防止制冷剂进入居住空间、并容易进行工程、可节省空间的空气调节装置。The present invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its object is to provide an air-conditioning device that is highly energy-saving, does not send high-pressure refrigerant to the indoor unit, prevents the refrigerant from entering the living space, and is easy to perform and saves space. .

解决课题的技术方案Technical solution to the problem

本发明的空气调节装置，具有：至少一台中间热交换器，该中间热交换器将制冷剂和与上述制冷剂不同的热介质进行热交换；冷冻循环回路，该冷冻循环回路经由上述制冷剂流通的配管连接压缩机、室外热交换器、至少一个膨胀阀及上述中间热交换器的制冷剂侧流路；以及热介质循环回路，该热介质循环回路经由上述热介质流通的配管连接上述中间热交换器的热介质侧流路、泵及使用侧热交换器；上述压缩机及上述室外热交换器收容在室外机内；上述中间热交换器及上述泵收容在中继单元内；上述使用侧热交换器收容在室内机内；在上述热介质循环回路，连接有用于吸收上述热介质的体积变化的膨胀吸收装置。The air conditioner of the present invention has: at least one intermediate heat exchanger for exchanging heat between a refrigerant and a heat medium different from the above refrigerant; a refrigeration cycle circuit through which the refrigerant The circulating piping connects the compressor, the outdoor heat exchanger, at least one expansion valve, and the refrigerant-side passage of the intermediate heat exchanger; The flow path of the heat medium side of the heat exchanger, the pump, and the heat exchanger on the use side; the above-mentioned compressor and the above-mentioned outdoor heat exchanger are housed in the outdoor unit; the above-mentioned intermediate heat exchanger and the above-mentioned pump are housed in the relay unit; the above-mentioned use The side heat exchanger is accommodated in the indoor unit. An expansion absorption device for absorbing volume change of the heat medium is connected to the heat medium circulation circuit.

发明效果Invention effect

根据本发明的空气调节装置，可不必按部件设置膨胀吸收装置，可以使系统的选定操作简单化。According to the air-conditioning apparatus of the present invention, it is not necessary to provide expansion absorbing means for each part, and the selection operation of the system can be simplified.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1是表示实施方式1的空气调节装置的设置状态的一例的概略图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an installed state of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1. FIG.

图2是表示空气调节装置的结构的概略回路图。Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram showing the configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus.

图3是表示连接了膨胀箱的回路结构的一例的部分回路结构图。Fig. 3 is a partial circuit configuration diagram showing an example of a circuit configuration to which an expansion tank is connected.

图4是表示连接了膨胀箱的回路结构的另一例的部分回路结构图。Fig. 4 is a partial circuit configuration diagram showing another example of a circuit configuration to which an expansion tank is connected.

图5是表示膨胀箱的概略结构的内部透视图。Fig. 5 is an internal perspective view showing a schematic structure of an expansion tank.

图6是表示膨胀箱的供水压与容量之间关系的图表。Fig. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the water supply pressure and the capacity of the expansion tank.

图7是表示空气调节装置的全制冷运转模式时的、制冷剂的流动的制冷剂回路图。7 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant during a cooling only operation mode of the air-conditioning apparatus.

图8是表示空气调节装置的全供热运转模式时的制冷剂的流动的制冷剂回路图。Fig. 8 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant in a heating only operation mode of the air-conditioning apparatus.

图9是表示空气调节装置的主要制冷运转模式时的制冷剂的流动的制冷剂回路图。Fig. 9 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant during a cooling main operation mode of the air-conditioning apparatus.

图10是表示空气调节装置的主要供热运转模式时的制冷剂的流动的制冷剂回路图。Fig. 10 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant during a heating main operation mode of the air-conditioning apparatus.

图11是表示实施方式2的空气调节装置的回路结构的回路图。FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 2. FIG.

图12是表示空气调节装置的全制冷运转模式时的制冷剂的流动的制冷剂回路图。Fig. 12 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant in a cooling only operation mode of the air-conditioning apparatus.

图13是表示空气调节装置的全供热运转模式时的制冷剂的流动的制冷剂回路图。Fig. 13 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant in a heating only operation mode of the air-conditioning apparatus.

图14是表示空气调节装置的主要制冷运转模式时的制冷剂的流动的制冷剂回路图。Fig. 14 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant in a cooling main operation mode of the air-conditioning apparatus.

图15是表示空气调节装置的主要供热运转模式时的制冷剂的流动的制冷剂回路图。Fig. 15 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant during a heating main operation mode of the air-conditioning apparatus.

附图标记的说明Explanation of reference signs

1...热源装置(室外机)，2...室内机，2a...室内机，2b...室内机，2c...室内机，2d...室内机，3...中继单元，3a...中继单元，3b...中继单元，4...制冷剂配管，4a...第1连接配管，4b...第2连接配管，5...配管，5a...配管，5b...配管，6...室外空间，7...居住空间，9...建筑物，10...压缩机，11...四通阀，12...热源侧热交换器，13a...止回阀，13b...止回阀，13c...止回阀，13d...止回阀，14...气液分离器，15...中间热交换器，15a...第1中间热交换器，15b...第2中间热交换器，16...膨胀阀，16a...膨胀阀，16b...膨胀阀，16c...膨胀阀，16d...膨胀阀，16e...膨胀阀，17...储存器，21...泵，21a...第1泵，21b...第2泵，22...流路切换阀，22a...流路切换阀，22b...流路切换阀，22c...流路切换阀，22d...流路切换阀，22e...流路切换阀，22f...流路切换阀，23...流路切换阀，23a...流路切换阀，23b...流路切换阀，23c...流路切换阀，23d...流路切换阀，23e...流路切换阀，23f...流路切换阀，24...截止阀，24a...截止阀，24b...截止阀，24c...截止阀，24d...截止阀，24e...截止阀，24f...截止阀，25...流量调节阀，25a...流量调节阀，25b...流量调节阀，25c...流量调节阀，25d...流量调节阀，25e...流量调节阀，25f...流量调节阀，26...使用侧热交换器，26a...使用侧热交换器，26b...使用侧热交换器，26c...使用侧热交换器，26d...使用侧热交换器，26e...使用侧热交换器，26f...使用侧热交换器，27...旁路，27a...旁路，27b...旁路，27c...旁路，27d...旁路，27e...旁路，27f...旁路，31...第1温度传感器，31a...第1温度传感器，31b...第1温度传感器，32...第2温度传感器，32a...第2温度传感器，32b...第2温度传感器，33...第3温度传感器，33a...第3温度传感器，33b...第3温度传感器，33c...第3温度传感器，34...第4温度传感器，34a...第4温度传感器，34b...第4温度传感器，34c...第4温度传感器，35...第5温度传感器，36...第1压力传感器，37...第6温度传感器，38...第7温度传感器，39...第8温度传感器，40...第2压力传感器，42...供热侧膨胀箱连接口，43...制冷侧膨胀箱连接口，50...非居住空间，51...管道竖井，60...膨胀箱，60a...供热侧膨胀箱，60b制冷侧膨胀箱，61...膨胀阀，62...水管，65...连接配管，65a...供热侧连接配管，65b...制冷侧连接配管，66...隔壁，100...空气调节装置，101...室外机，102...室内机，102a...室内机，102b...室内机，102c...室内机，102d...室内机，102e...室内机，102f...室内机，103...中继单元，104...三通阀，104a...三通阀，104b...三通阀，105...热源侧热交换器，106...膨胀阀，107...二通阀，107a...二通阀，107b...二通阀，107c...二通阀，108...制冷剂配管，108a...制冷剂配管，108b...制冷剂配管，108c...制冷剂配管，110...压缩机，111...油分离器，113...止回阀，200...空气调节装置，203...膨胀阀，203a...膨胀阀，203b...膨胀阀，204...二通阀，204a...二通阀，204b...二通阀，205...二通阀，205a...二通阀，205b...二通阀。1...heat source device (outdoor unit), 2...indoor unit, 2a...indoor unit, 2b...indoor unit, 2c...indoor unit, 2d...indoor unit, 3... Relay unit, 3a...Relay unit, 3b...Relay unit, 4...Refrigerant piping, 4a...1st connection pipe, 4b...2nd connection pipe, 5... Piping, 5a...piping, 5b...piping, 6...outdoor space, 7...living space, 9...building, 10...compressor, 11...four-way valve, 12...heat source side heat exchanger, 13a...check valve, 13b...check valve, 13c...check valve, 13d...check valve, 14...gas-liquid separator , 15...intermediate heat exchanger, 15a...the first intermediate heat exchanger, 15b...the second intermediate heat exchanger, 16...expansion valve, 16a...expansion valve, 16b... Expansion valve, 16c...expansion valve, 16d...expansion valve, 16e...expansion valve, 17...reservoir, 21...pump, 21a...1st pump, 21b...1st pump 2 pumps, 22... flow switching valve, 22a... flow switching valve, 22b... flow switching valve, 22c... flow switching valve, 22d... flow switching valve, 22e. ..Channel switching valve, 22f...Channel switching valve, 23...Channel switching valve, 23a...Channel switching valve, 23b...Channel switching valve, 23c...Channel switching Valve, 23d...flow path switching valve, 23e...flow path switching valve, 23f...flow path switching valve, 24...stop valve, 24a...stop valve, 24b...stop valve, 24c...globe valve, 24d...globe valve, 24e...globe valve, 24f...globe valve, 25...flow regulator, 25a...flow regulator, 25b...flow regulator Valve, 25c...flow regulating valve, 25d...flow regulating valve, 25e...flow regulating valve, 25f...flow regulating valve, 26...use side heat exchanger, 26a...use side Heat exchanger, 26b...use side heat exchanger, 26c...use side heat exchanger, 26d...use side heat exchanger, 26e...use side heat exchanger, 26f...use side Heat exchanger, 27...bypass, 27a...bypass, 27b...bypass, 27c...bypass, 27d...bypass, 27e...bypass, 27f... Bypass, 31...1st temperature sensor, 31a...1st temperature sensor, 31b...1st temperature sensor, 32...2nd temperature sensor, 32a...2nd temperature sensor, 32b. ..2nd temperature sensor, 33...3rd temperature sensor, 33a...3rd temperature sensor, 33b...3rd temperature sensor, 33c...3rd temperature sensor sensor, 34...4th temperature sensor, 34a...4th temperature sensor, 34b...4th temperature sensor, 34c...4th temperature sensor, 35...5th temperature sensor, 36. ..1st pressure sensor, 37...6th temperature sensor, 38...7th temperature sensor, 39...8th temperature sensor, 40...2nd pressure sensor, 42...heating side Expansion tank connection, 43...Cooling side expansion tank connection, 50...Non-residential space, 51...Pipe shaft, 60...Expansion tank, 60a...Heating side expansion tank, 60b Refrigeration Side expansion tank, 61...Expansion valve, 62...Water pipe, 65...Connecting pipe, 65a...Heating side connecting pipe, 65b...Cooling side connecting pipe, 66...Next door, 100 ...air conditioner, 101...outdoor unit, 102...indoor unit, 102a...indoor unit, 102b...indoor unit, 102c...indoor unit, 102d...indoor unit, 102e ...indoor unit, 102f...indoor unit, 103...relay unit, 104...three-way valve, 104a...three-way valve, 104b...three-way valve, 105...heat source Side heat exchanger, 106...expansion valve, 107...two-way valve, 107a...two-way valve, 107b...two-way valve, 107c...two-way valve, 108...refrigerant Piping, 108a...refrigerant piping, 108b...refrigerant piping, 108c...refrigerant piping, 110...compressor, 111...oil separator, 113...check valve, 200 ...air conditioning unit, 203...expansion valve, 203a...expansion valve, 203b...expansion valve, 204...two-way valve, 204a...two-way valve, 204b...two-way valve Valves, 205...two-way valve, 205a...two-way valve, 205b...two-way valve.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

下面，说明本发明的实施方式。Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described.

实施方式1Embodiment 1

R410A、R407C或R404A等HFC系制冷剂的地球暖化系数大，所以，当制冷剂泄漏时，对环境的负担大。为此，近年来，作为代替HFC系制冷剂的制冷剂，考虑采用二氧化碳、氨或烃等自然制冷剂、或HFO等制冷剂。但是，这些制冷剂具有可燃性(例如氨、烃)，或者泄漏的极限浓度小。即，虽然这些制冷剂的地球暖化系数小，但是考虑到对人体的影响及安全性，不宜在居住空间内使用。HFC-based refrigerants such as R410A, R407C, or R404A have a large global warming coefficient, and therefore, when the refrigerant leaks, the burden on the environment is large. For this reason, in recent years, natural refrigerants such as carbon dioxide, ammonia, or hydrocarbons, or refrigerants such as HFO have been considered as refrigerants replacing HFC-based refrigerants. However, these refrigerants are flammable (for example, ammonia, hydrocarbons), or the limit concentration of leakage is small. That is, although these refrigerants have a low global warming coefficient, they are not suitable for use in living spaces in view of their influence on the human body and safety.

表1表示由ISO标准规定的居住空间内的极限泄漏浓度的一例。Table 1 shows an example of the limit leakage concentration in the living space stipulated by the ISO standard.

表1Table 1

  制冷剂 Refrigerant   极限浓度[kg/m3]Limit concentration [kg/m 3 ]   R410A R410A   0.44 0.44   二氧化碳 carbon dioxide   0.07 0.07   氨 Ammonia   0.0004 0.0004   丙烷 propane   0.008 0.008

从表1可知，目前在直接膨胀式空调机中广泛采用的HFC系制冷剂之一的R410A，其泄漏极限浓度比其它的制冷剂大，泄漏时的影响也并不成为问题。另一方面，氨、作为烃之一的丙烷、以及二氧化碳等自然制冷剂的泄漏极限浓度非常小，所以，为了将这些制冷剂用于空调机，例如，需要采取在泄漏时截断制冷剂部的回路和水部的回路等对策。It can be seen from Table 1 that R410A, one of the HFC refrigerants widely used in direct expansion air conditioners, has a higher leakage limit concentration than other refrigerants, and the impact of leakage is not a problem. On the other hand, the leakage limit concentration of natural refrigerants such as ammonia, propane which is one of hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide is very small. Therefore, in order to use these refrigerants in air conditioners, for example, it is necessary to take measures to shut off the refrigerant part in case of leakage. Countermeasures such as circuits and water circuits.

图1是表示本发明的实施方式1的空气调节装置的设置状态的一例的概略图。参照图1说明空气调节装置的概略结构。该空气调节装置，利用使制冷剂(热源侧制冷剂和热介质(水、防冻液等))循环的冷冻循环(冷冻循环回路和热介质循环回路)，进行制冷运转或供热运转。另外，包括图1，在以下的附图中，各结构部件的大小的关系，有时与实际情况有差异。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an installed state of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. A schematic configuration of the air conditioning apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. 1 . This air conditioner performs a cooling operation or a heating operation using a refrigeration cycle (a refrigeration cycle circuit and a heat medium circulation circuit) in which a refrigerant (a heat source side refrigerant and a heat medium (water, antifreeze, etc.)) circulates. In addition, including FIG. 1, in the following drawings, the size relationship of each component may differ from the actual situation.

如图1所示，该空气调节装置具有作为热源机的一台热源装置1、多台室内机2、介于热源装置1与室内机2之间的中继单元3。中继单元3在热源侧制冷剂和热介质进行热交换，具有第1中继单元3a和第2中继单元3b。热源装置1和中继单元3由导通热源侧制冷剂的制冷剂配管4连接，中继单元3和室内机2由导通热介质的配管5连接，把在热源装置1生成的冷能或热能配送到室内机2。另外，热源装置1、室内机2和中继单元3的连接台数并不局限于图示的台数。As shown in FIG. 1 , this air conditioner has one heat source device 1 as a heat source unit, a plurality of indoor units 2 , and a relay unit 3 interposed between the heat source device 1 and the indoor units 2 . The relay unit 3 performs heat exchange between the heat source side refrigerant and the heat medium, and has a first relay unit 3a and a second relay unit 3b. The heat source device 1 and the relay unit 3 are connected by the refrigerant pipe 4 that conducts the heat source side refrigerant, and the relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 are connected by the pipe 5 that conducts the heat medium, and the cooling energy generated in the heat source device 1 or Heat energy is distributed to indoor unit 2. In addition, the number of connected heat source devices 1, indoor units 2, and relay units 3 is not limited to the number shown in the figure.

热源装置1配置在楼房等建筑物9之外的空间即室外空间6，通过中继单元3向室内机2供给冷能或热能。室内机2配置在能传送制冷用空气或供热用空气的建筑物9的内部的居室、服务室等居住空间7内，把制冷用空气或供热用空气供给到作为空调对象区域的居住空间7。中继单元3，与热源装置1及室内机2分体地构成，配置在室外空间6及居住空间7以外的位置(下面称为非居住空间50)，连接热源装置1及室内机2，把从热源装置1供给的冷能或热能传递到室内机2。The heat source device 1 is arranged in an outdoor space 6 outside the building 9 such as a building, and supplies cooling or heating energy to the indoor unit 2 through the relay unit 3 . The indoor unit 2 is arranged in a living space 7 such as a living room or a service room inside a building 9 that can transmit cooling air or heating air, and supplies cooling air or heating air to the living space that is an air-conditioning target area. 7. The relay unit 3 is formed separately from the heat source device 1 and the indoor unit 2, and is arranged in a position other than the outdoor space 6 and the living space 7 (hereinafter referred to as a non-residential space 50), and connects the heat source device 1 and the indoor unit 2, and connects the heat source device 1 and the indoor unit 2 to Cooling energy or thermal energy supplied from the heat source device 1 is transferred to the indoor unit 2 .

室外空间6是指建筑物9的外部的地方，例如图1所示的屋顶。非居住空间50是指走廊的上面等的不总是有人的地方，例如公用区的天花板里、有电梯等的公用部、机械室、计算机室或仓库等。另外，居住空间7是指经常有人的地方、暂时有多人或少数人的地方，例如办公室、教室、会议室、食堂、服务室等。另外，图1所示的斜线部表示用于布设配管5的管道竖井51。The outdoor space 6 refers to a place outside the building 9 , such as the roof shown in FIG. 1 . The non-residential space 50 refers to a place such as the upper part of the corridor where there are not always people, such as the ceiling of the common area, a common room with elevators, a mechanical room, a computer room, or a warehouse. In addition, the living space 7 refers to a place where there are always people, or a place where there are many people or a few people temporarily, such as offices, classrooms, conference rooms, cafeterias, service rooms, and the like. In addition, the shaded part shown in FIG. 1 has shown the piping shaft 51 for laying the piping 5. As shown in FIG.

热源装置1和第1中继单元3a由2根制冷剂配管4连接。第1中继单元3a和第2中继单元3b由3根制冷剂配管4连接。另外，第2中继单元3b和各室内机2分别由2根配管5连接。这样，用2根制冷剂配管4将热源装置1与中继单元3连接，用2根配管5将室内机2与中继单元3连接，从而使得空气调节装置的施工容易。The heat source device 1 and the first relay unit 3 a are connected by two refrigerant pipes 4 . The first relay unit 3 a and the second relay unit 3 b are connected by three refrigerant pipes 4 . Moreover, the 2nd relay unit 3b and each indoor unit 2 are connected by two pipes 5, respectively. In this way, the heat source device 1 and the relay unit 3 are connected by two refrigerant pipes 4, and the indoor unit 2 and the relay unit 3 are connected by two pipes 5, thereby facilitating construction of the air conditioner.

这样，把中继单元3分成2个中继单元，即第1中继单元3a和第2中继单元3b，对一个第1中继单元3a可以连接多个第2中继单元3b(见图2)。另外，在图1中，室内机2以天花板盒型为例表示，但并不局限于此，可以为任意型，只要能直接或用管道等将冷能或热能吹到居住空间7即可，例如也可以是天花板埋入型或天花板吊下式等。Like this, relay unit 3 is divided into 2 relay units, i.e. the 1st relay unit 3a and the 2nd relay unit 3b, can connect a plurality of the 2nd relay unit 3b to a 1st relay unit 3a (see figure 2). In addition, in Fig. 1, the indoor unit 2 is shown as an example of a ceiling box type, but it is not limited thereto, and can be of any type, as long as it can blow cold energy or heat energy to the living space 7 directly or through pipes, etc. For example, a ceiling-embedded type or a ceiling-suspended type may be used.

另外，在图1中，以把热源装置1设置在室外空间6的情况为例表示，但并不局限于此。例如，热源装置1也可以设置在带换气口的机械室等的包围空间内，如果能用排气管道将废热排出到建筑物9之外则也可以设置在建筑物9的内部，或者，在采用水冷式的热源装置1时也可以设置在建筑物9的内部。即使在这样的地方设置热源装置1，也不会发生什么特别问题。In addition, in FIG. 1, the case where the heat source apparatus 1 was installed in the outdoor space 6 was shown as an example, but it is not limited to this. For example, the heat source device 1 may also be installed in a surrounding space such as a machine room with a ventilation opening, or may be installed inside the building 9 if the waste heat can be discharged outside the building 9 through an exhaust duct, or, When the water-cooled heat source device 1 is used, it may be installed inside the building 9 . Even if the heat source device 1 is installed in such a place, no particular problem will occur.

图2是表示空气调节装置100的结构的概略回路图。参照图2说明空气调节装置100的具体的结构。如图2所示，热源装置1和中继单元3经由第2中继单元3b所具有的第1中间热交换器15a及第2中间热交换器15b连接，中继单元3和室内机2也经由第2中继单元3所具有的第1中间热交换器15a及第2中间热交换器15b连接。下面，说明设置在空气调节装置100的各构成设备的结构及功能。FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram showing the configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 . A specific configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 will be described with reference to FIG. 2 . As shown in FIG. 2, the heat source device 1 and the relay unit 3 are connected via the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b included in the second relay unit 3b, and the relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 are also connected. It is connected via the 1st intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the 2nd intermediate heat exchanger 15b which the 2nd relay unit 3 has. Next, the configuration and function of each component device provided in the air-conditioning apparatus 100 will be described.

[热源装置1][Heat source device 1]

在热源装置1收容用制冷剂配管4串联连接的压缩机10、作为制冷剂流路切换装置的四通阀11、热源侧热交换器(室外热交换器)12和储存器17。另外，在热源装置1设有第1连接配管4a、第2连接配管4b、止回阀13a、止回阀13b、止回阀13c及止回阀13d。通过设置第1连接配管4a、第2连接配管4b、止回阀13a、止回阀13b、止回阀13c及止回阀13d，不管室内机2要求怎样的运转，都可以使流入中继单元3的热源侧制冷剂的流动朝向一定方向。The heat source device 1 accommodates a compressor 10 connected in series by a refrigerant pipe 4 , a four-way valve 11 as a refrigerant flow switching device, a heat source side heat exchanger (outdoor heat exchanger) 12 , and an accumulator 17 . Moreover, the heat source apparatus 1 is provided with the 1st connection piping 4a, the 2nd connection piping 4b, the check valve 13a, the check valve 13b, the check valve 13c, and the check valve 13d. By setting the first connection pipe 4a, the second connection pipe 4b, the check valve 13a, the check valve 13b, the check valve 13c, and the check valve 13d, no matter what operation the indoor unit 2 requires, the flow into the relay unit can be made. 3, the heat source side refrigerant flows in a certain direction.

压缩机10吸入热源侧制冷剂，将该热源侧制冷剂压缩而成为高温、高压状态，例如可以由可控制容量的变频压缩机等构成。四通阀11用于切换供热运转时的热源侧制冷剂的流动和制冷运转时的热源侧制冷剂的流动。热源侧热交换器12，在供热运转时，起到蒸发器的作用，在制冷运转时，起到冷凝器的作用，在自图示省略的风扇等送风机供给的空气与热源侧制冷剂之间进行热交换，将该热源侧制冷剂蒸发气化或冷凝液化。储存器17设置在压缩机10的吸入侧，用于存留过剩的制冷剂。The compressor 10 sucks the heat source side refrigerant, compresses the heat source side refrigerant to a high temperature and high pressure state, and may be constituted by, for example, a capacity-controllable inverter compressor or the like. The four-way valve 11 is used to switch the flow of the heat source side refrigerant during the heating operation and the flow of the heat source side refrigerant during the cooling operation. The heat source side heat exchanger 12 functions as an evaporator during the heating operation, and functions as a condenser during the cooling operation, between air supplied from a blower such as a fan (not shown in the figure) and the heat source side refrigerant. Heat exchange between the heat source side refrigerant evaporates gasification or condenses liquefaction. The accumulator 17 is provided on the suction side of the compressor 10 for storing excess refrigerant.

止回阀13d设在中继单元3与四通阀11之间的制冷剂配管4，只容许热源侧制冷剂朝规定的方向(从中继单元3到热源装置1的方向)流动。止回阀13a设在热源侧热交换器12与中继单元3之间的制冷剂配管4，只容许热源侧制冷剂朝规定的方向(从热源装置1到中继单元3的方向)流动。止回阀13b设在第1连接配管4a，只容许热源侧制冷剂从止回阀13d的下游侧朝止回阀13a的下游侧的方向流通。止回阀13c设在第2连接配管4b，只容许热源侧制冷剂从止回阀13d的上游侧朝止回阀13a的上游侧的方向流通。The check valve 13d is provided in the refrigerant pipe 4 between the relay unit 3 and the four-way valve 11, and allows the heat source side refrigerant to flow only in a predetermined direction (direction from the relay unit 3 to the heat source device 1). The check valve 13a is provided in the refrigerant pipe 4 between the heat source side heat exchanger 12 and the relay unit 3, and allows the heat source side refrigerant to flow only in a predetermined direction (direction from the heat source device 1 to the relay unit 3). The check valve 13b is provided in the first connecting pipe 4a, and allows only the flow of the heat source side refrigerant from the downstream side of the check valve 13d to the downstream side of the check valve 13a. The check valve 13c is provided in the second connecting pipe 4b, and allows only the flow of the heat source side refrigerant from the upstream side of the check valve 13d to the upstream side of the check valve 13a.

第1连接配管4a，在热源装置1内，连接止回阀13d的下游侧的制冷剂配管4和止回阀13a的下游侧的制冷剂配管4。第2连接配管4b，在热源装置1内，连接止回阀13d的上游侧的制冷剂配管4和止回阀13a的上游侧的制冷剂配管4。另外，在图2中，以设置了第1连接配管4a、第2连接配管4b、止回阀13a、止回阀13b、止回阀13c及止回阀13d的情况为例表示，但并不局限于此，不一定非要设置这些部件。The first connection pipe 4 a connects the refrigerant pipe 4 on the downstream side of the check valve 13 d and the refrigerant pipe 4 on the downstream side of the check valve 13 a in the heat source device 1 . The second connecting pipe 4 b connects the refrigerant pipe 4 on the upstream side of the check valve 13 d and the refrigerant pipe 4 on the upstream side of the check valve 13 a in the heat source device 1 . In addition, in FIG. 2 , the case where the first connecting pipe 4a, the second connecting pipe 4b, the check valve 13a, the check valve 13b, the check valve 13c, and the check valve 13d are provided as an example is shown, but the As a limitation, it is not necessary to set these components.

[室内机2][Indoor unit 2]

在室内机2分别搭载有使用侧热交换器26。该使用侧热交换器26经由配管5与第2中继单元3b的截止阀24及流量调节阀25连接。该使用侧热交换器26，在自图示省略的风扇等送风机供给的空气与热介质之间进行热交换，生成用于供给空调对象区域的供热空气或制冷空气。A use-side heat exchanger 26 is mounted on each of the indoor units 2 . The use-side heat exchanger 26 is connected to the shutoff valve 24 and the flow rate regulating valve 25 of the second relay unit 3 b via the pipe 5 . The use-side heat exchanger 26 performs heat exchange between air supplied from a blower such as a fan (not shown) and a heat medium to generate heating air or cooling air to be supplied to an air-conditioning target area.

在该图2中，例示出4台室内机2与中继单元3连接的情况，从图面下方起示出室内机2a、室内机2b、室内机2c、室内机2d。另外，使用侧热交换器26与室内机2a～2d对应地，也从图面下方起依次示出使用侧热交换器26a、使用侧热交换器26b、使用侧热交换器26c、使用侧热交换器26d。另外，与图1同样地，室内机2的连接台数并不限于如图2所示的4台。In this FIG. 2 , the case where four indoor units 2 are connected to the relay unit 3 is illustrated, and an indoor unit 2 a , an indoor unit 2 b , an indoor unit 2 c , and an indoor unit 2 d are shown from the bottom of the drawing. In addition, the use-side heat exchanger 26 corresponds to the indoor units 2a to 2d, and sequentially shows a use-side heat exchanger 26a, a use-side heat exchanger 26b, a use-side heat exchanger 26c, and a use-side heat exchanger from the bottom of the drawing. switch 26d. In addition, similarly to FIG. 1 , the number of connected indoor units 2 is not limited to four as shown in FIG. 2 .

[中继单元3][Relay unit 3]

中继单元3由第1中继单元3a、第2中继单元3b分框体构成。通过采用这样的构造，可以对一个第1中继单元3a连接多个第2中继单元3b。在第1中继单元3a，设有气液分离器14和膨胀阀16e。在第2中继单元3b，设有2个中间热交换器15、4个膨胀阀16、2个泵21、4个流路切换阀22、4个流路切换阀23、4个截止阀24和4个流量调节阀25。The relay unit 3 is composed of sub-frames of the first relay unit 3a and the second relay unit 3b. By employing such a structure, a plurality of second relay units 3b can be connected to one first relay unit 3a. In the first relay unit 3a, a gas-liquid separator 14 and an expansion valve 16e are provided. In the second relay unit 3b, two intermediate heat exchangers 15, four expansion valves 16, two pumps 21, four flow path switching valves 22, four flow path switching valves 23, and four stop valves 24 are provided. And 4 flow regulating valves 25.

气液分离器14，与连接于热源装置1的1根制冷剂配管4和连接第2中继单元3b的第1中间热交换器15a及第2中间热交换器15b的2根制冷剂配管4连接，把自热源装置1供给的热源侧制冷剂分离成为蒸汽状制冷剂和液体制冷剂。膨胀阀16e设置在连接着膨胀阀16a及膨胀阀16b的制冷剂配管4与气液分离器14之间，起到减压阀、节流装置的作用，使热源侧制冷剂减压、膨胀。膨胀阀16e可以由能可变地控制开度的例如电子式膨胀阀等构成。Gas-liquid separator 14, one refrigerant pipe 4 connected to heat source device 1, and two refrigerant pipes 4 connected to first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and second intermediate heat exchanger 15b of second relay unit 3b connected to separate the heat source side refrigerant supplied from the heat source device 1 into a vapor refrigerant and a liquid refrigerant. The expansion valve 16e is provided between the refrigerant pipe 4 connecting the expansion valve 16a and the expansion valve 16b and the gas-liquid separator 14, and functions as a pressure reducing valve and a throttling device to decompress and expand the heat source side refrigerant. The expansion valve 16e can be constituted by, for example, an electronic expansion valve whose opening degree can be variably controlled.

2个中间热交换器15(第1中间热交换器15a及第2中间热交换器15b)起到冷凝器或蒸发器的作用，在热源侧制冷剂和热介质进行热交换，把在热源装置1生成的冷能或热能供给到室内机2。在热源侧制冷剂的流动中，第1中间热交换器15a设在气液分离器14与膨胀阀16d之间。在热源侧制冷剂的流动中，第2中间热交换器15b设在膨胀阀16a与膨胀阀16c之间。The two intermediate heat exchangers 15 (the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b) function as condensers or evaporators, and the refrigerant and the heat medium exchange heat on the heat source side. The cooling or heating energy generated by 1 is supplied to the indoor unit 2. In the flow of the heat source side refrigerant, the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a is provided between the gas-liquid separator 14 and the expansion valve 16d. In the flow of the heat source side refrigerant, the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b is provided between the expansion valve 16a and the expansion valve 16c.

4个膨胀阀16(膨胀阀16a～16d)起到减压阀、节流装置的作用，使热源侧制冷剂减压、膨胀。膨胀阀16a设在膨胀阀16e与第2中间热交换器15b之间。膨胀阀16b与膨胀阀16a并联地设置。膨胀阀16c设在第2中间热交换器15b与第1中继单元3a之间。膨胀阀16d设在第1中间热交换器15a与膨胀阀16a及膨胀阀16b之间。4个膨胀阀16可以由能可变地控制开度的例如电子式膨胀阀等构成。The four expansion valves 16 (expansion valves 16a to 16d) function as pressure reducing valves and throttling devices, and decompress and expand the heat source side refrigerant. The expansion valve 16a is provided between the expansion valve 16e and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b. The expansion valve 16b is provided in parallel with the expansion valve 16a. The expansion valve 16c is provided between the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b and the first relay unit 3a. The expansion valve 16d is provided between the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, the expansion valve 16a, and the expansion valve 16b. The four expansion valves 16 may be composed of, for example, electronic expansion valves whose openings can be variably controlled.

2个泵21(第1泵21a及第2泵21b)由泵等构成，使导通配管5的热介质循环。第1泵21a设在第1中间热交换器15a与流路切换阀22之间的配管5。第2泵21b设在第2中间热交换器15b与流路切换阀22之间的配管5。第1泵21a及第2泵21b的种类没有特别限定，例如可以由可控制容量的泵等构成。The two pumps 21 (the first pump 21 a and the second pump 21 b ) are composed of pumps and the like, and circulate the heat medium in the conduction pipe 5 . The first pump 21 a is provided in the piping 5 between the first intermediate heat exchanger 15 a and the flow path switching valve 22 . The second pump 21 b is provided in the piping 5 between the second intermediate heat exchanger 15 b and the flow path switching valve 22 . The types of the first pump 21a and the second pump 21b are not particularly limited, and may be constituted by, for example, capacity-controllable pumps or the like.

4个流路切换阀22(流路切换阀22a～22d)由三通阀构成，用于切换热介质的流路。流路切换阀22设置有与室内机2的设置台数对应的个数(这里是4个)。流路切换阀22设在使用侧热交换器26的热介质流路的入口侧，其三通中的一方与第1中间热交换器15a连接，一方与第2中间热交换器15b连接，一方与截止阀24连接。另外，与室内机2相对应地，从图面下方起依次示出流路切换阀22a、流路切换阀22b、流路切换阀22c、流路切换阀22d。The four flow path switching valves 22 (flow path switching valves 22 a to 22 d ) are composed of three-way valves, and are used to switch the flow path of the heat medium. The flow path switching valves 22 are provided in a number corresponding to the installed number of the indoor units 2 (here, four). The flow path switching valve 22 is provided on the inlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 26, and one of its three-way is connected to the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, one is connected to the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, and the other is connected to the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b. Connected to the shut-off valve 24. In addition, corresponding to the indoor unit 2, a flow path switching valve 22a, a flow path switching valve 22b, a flow path switching valve 22c, and a flow path switching valve 22d are shown in order from the bottom of the drawing.

4个流路切换阀23(流路切换阀23a～23d)由三通阀构成，用于切换热介质的流路。流路切换阀23设置有与室内机2的设置台数对应的个数(这里是4个)。流路切换阀23设在使用侧热交换器26的热介质流路的出口侧，其三通中的一方与第1中间热交换器15a连接，一方与第2中间热交换器15b连接，一方与流量调节阀25连接。另外，与室内机2相对应地，从图面下方起依次示出流路切换阀23a、流路切换阀23b、流路切换阀23c、流路切换阀23d。The four flow path switching valves 23 (flow path switching valves 23 a to 23 d ) are composed of three-way valves, and are used to switch the flow path of the heat medium. The flow path switching valves 23 are provided in a number corresponding to the installed number of indoor units 2 (here, four). The flow path switching valve 23 is provided on the outlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use-side heat exchanger 26, and one of its three-way connections is connected to the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, one is connected to the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, and the other is connected to the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b. It is connected with the flow regulating valve 25. In addition, corresponding to the indoor unit 2, a flow path switching valve 23a, a flow path switching valve 23b, a flow path switching valve 23c, and a flow path switching valve 23d are shown in order from the bottom of the drawing.

4个截止阀24(截止阀24a～24d)由二通阀构成，用于开闭配管5。截止阀24设置有与室内机2的设置台数对应的个数(这里是4个)。截止阀24设在使用侧热交换器26的热介质流路的入口侧，其二通中的一方与使用侧热交换器26连接，另一方与流路切换阀22连接。另外，与室内机2相对应地，从图面下方起依次示出截止阀24a、截止阀24b、截止阀24c、截止阀24d。The four stop valves 24 (stop valves 24 a to 24 d ) are composed of two-way valves and are used to open and close the piping 5 . The shutoff valves 24 are provided in a number corresponding to the number of indoor units 2 (here, four). The stop valve 24 is provided on the inlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use-side heat exchanger 26 , and one of its two ports is connected to the use-side heat exchanger 26 , and the other is connected to the flow path switching valve 22 . In addition, corresponding to the indoor unit 2, a shutoff valve 24a, a shutoff valve 24b, a shutoff valve 24c, and a shutoff valve 24d are shown in order from the bottom of the drawing.

4个流量调节阀25(流量调节阀25a～25d)由三通阀构成，用于切换热介质的流路。流路切换阀25设置有与室内机2的设置台数对应的个数(这里是4个)。流量调节阀25设在使用侧热交换器26的热介质流路的出口侧，其三通中的一方与使用侧热交换器26连接，一方与旁路27连接，一方与流路切换阀23连接。另外，与室内机2相对应地，从图面下方起依次示出流量调节阀25a、流量调节阀25b、流量调节阀25c、流量调节阀25d。The four flow regulating valves 25 (flow regulating valves 25 a to 25 d ) are composed of three-way valves and are used to switch the flow path of the heat medium. The flow path switching valves 25 are provided in a number corresponding to the installed number of the indoor units 2 (here, four). The flow regulating valve 25 is arranged on the outlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use-side heat exchanger 26, and one of its three-way is connected to the use-side heat exchanger 26, one is connected to the bypass 27, and the other is connected to the flow path switching valve 23. connect. In addition, corresponding to the indoor unit 2, the flow rate adjustment valve 25a, the flow rate control valve 25b, the flow rate control valve 25c, and the flow rate control valve 25d are shown in order from the bottom of the figure.

旁路27连接配管5和流量调节阀25，该配管5在截止阀24与使用侧热交换器26之间。旁路27设置有与室内机2的设置台数对应的个数(这里是4个，即，旁路27a、旁路27b、旁路27c和旁路27d)。另外，与室内机2相对应地，从图面下方起依次示出旁路27a、旁路27b、旁路27c、旁路27d。The bypass 27 connects the pipe 5 between the shutoff valve 24 and the use-side heat exchanger 26 and the flow regulating valve 25 . The number of bypasses 27 corresponds to the number of indoor units 2 installed (here, four, namely, bypass 27a, bypass 27b, bypass 27c, and bypass 27d). In addition, corresponding to the indoor unit 2, a bypass 27a, a bypass 27b, a bypass 27c, and a bypass 27d are shown in order from the bottom of the drawing.

另外，在第2中继单元3b设有2个第1温度传感器31、2个第2温度传感器32、4个第3温度传感器33、4个第4温度传感器34、第5温度传感器35、第1压力传感器36、第6温度传感器37和第7温度传感器38。这些检测机构检测出的信息被送到控制空气调节装置100的动作的未图示的控制装置，用于控制压缩机10、泵21的驱动频率、在配管5中流动的热介质的流路切换等。In addition, two first temperature sensors 31, two second temperature sensors 32, four third temperature sensors 33, four fourth temperature sensors 34, a fifth temperature sensor 35, and a second relay unit 3b are provided in the second relay unit 3b. 1 pressure sensor 36, sixth temperature sensor 37 and seventh temperature sensor 38. The information detected by these detection means is sent to a control device (not shown) that controls the operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 100, and is used to control the driving frequency of the compressor 10 and the pump 21, and to switch the flow path of the heat medium flowing through the piping 5. wait.

2个第1温度传感器31(第1温度传感器31a及第1温度传感器31b)用于检测从中间热交换器15流出的热介质即中间热交换器15的出口处的热介质的温度，例如可由热敏电阻等构成。第1温度传感器31a设在第1泵21a的入口侧的配管5。第2温度传感器31b设在第2泵21b的入口侧的配管5。Two first temperature sensors 31 (the first temperature sensor 31a and the first temperature sensor 31b) are used to detect the heat medium flowing out from the intermediate heat exchanger 15, that is, the temperature of the heat medium at the outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 15, for example, by Thermistor etc. The first temperature sensor 31a is provided in the pipe 5 on the inlet side of the first pump 21a. The second temperature sensor 31b is provided in the piping 5 on the inlet side of the second pump 21b.

2个第2温度传感器32(第2温度传感器32a及第2温度传感器32b)用于检测流入中间热交换器15的热介质即中间热交换器15的入口处的热介质的温度，例如可由热敏电阻等构成。第2温度传感器32a设在第1中间热交换器15a的入口侧的配管5。第2温度传感器32b设在第2中间热交换器15b的入口侧的配管5。Two second temperature sensors 32 (the second temperature sensor 32a and the second temperature sensor 32b) are used to detect the heat medium flowing into the intermediate heat exchanger 15, that is, the temperature of the heat medium at the entrance of the intermediate heat exchanger 15, for example, it can be detected by heat Sensitive resistance and so on. The second temperature sensor 32a is provided in the pipe 5 on the inlet side of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a. The second temperature sensor 32b is provided in the pipe 5 on the inlet side of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b.

4个第3温度传感器33(第3温度传感器33a～33d)设在使用侧热交换器26的热介质流路的入口侧，用于检测流入使用侧热交换器26的热介质的温度，可由热敏电阻等构成。第3温度传感器33设置有与室内机2的设置台数对应的个数(这里是4个)。另外，与室内机2相对应地，从图面下方起依次示出第3温度传感器33a、第3温度传感器33b、第3温度传感器33c、第3温度传感器33d。Four third temperature sensors 33 (third temperature sensors 33a to 33d) are arranged on the inlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use-side heat exchanger 26, and are used to detect the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the use-side heat exchanger 26, which can be determined by Thermistor etc. The third temperature sensors 33 are provided in a number corresponding to the installed number of indoor units 2 (here, four). In addition, corresponding to the indoor unit 2, a third temperature sensor 33a, a third temperature sensor 33b, a third temperature sensor 33c, and a third temperature sensor 33d are shown in order from the bottom of the drawing.

4个第4温度传感器34(第4温度传感器34a～34d)设在使用侧热交换器26的热介质流路的出口侧，用于检测从使用侧热交换器26流出的热介质的温度，可由热敏电阻等构成。第4温度传感器34设置有与室内机2的设置台数对应的个数(这里是4个)。另外，与室内机2相对应地，从图面下方起依次示出第4温度传感器34a、第4温度传感器34b、第4温度传感器34c、第4温度传感器34d。Four fourth temperature sensors 34 (fourth temperature sensors 34a to 34d) are provided on the outlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use-side heat exchanger 26 to detect the temperature of the heat medium flowing out of the use-side heat exchanger 26, It can be composed of a thermistor or the like. The fourth temperature sensors 34 are provided in a number corresponding to the installed number of indoor units 2 (here, four). In addition, corresponding to the indoor unit 2, a fourth temperature sensor 34a, a fourth temperature sensor 34b, a fourth temperature sensor 34c, and a fourth temperature sensor 34d are shown in order from the bottom of the drawing.

第5温度传感器35设在第1中间热交换器15a的热源侧制冷剂流路的出口侧，用于检测从第1中间热交换器15a流出的热源侧制冷剂的温度，可由热敏电阻等构成。第1压力传感器36设在第1中间热交换器15a的热源侧制冷剂流路的出口侧，用于检测从第1中间热交换器15a流出的热源侧制冷剂的压力。The fifth temperature sensor 35 is arranged on the outlet side of the heat source side refrigerant flow path of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, and is used to detect the temperature of the heat source side refrigerant flowing out of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, which can be controlled by a thermistor or the like. constitute. The first pressure sensor 36 is provided on the outlet side of the heat source side refrigerant passage of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, and detects the pressure of the heat source side refrigerant flowing out of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a.

第6温度传感器37设在第2中间热交换器15b的热源侧制冷剂流路的入口侧，用于检测流入第2中间热交换器15b的热源侧制冷剂的温度，可由热敏电阻等构成。第7温度传感器38设在第2中间热交换器15b的热源侧制冷剂流路的出口侧，用于检测从第2中间热交换器15b流出的热源侧制冷剂的温度，可由热敏电阻等构成。The sixth temperature sensor 37 is provided on the inlet side of the heat source side refrigerant flow path of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, and is used to detect the temperature of the heat source side refrigerant flowing into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, and may be formed of a thermistor or the like. . The seventh temperature sensor 38 is arranged on the outlet side of the heat source side refrigerant flow path of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, and is used to detect the temperature of the heat source side refrigerant flowing out from the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, which can be controlled by a thermistor or the like. constitute.

导通热介质的配管5，由与第1中间热交换器15a连接的配管(下面称为配管5a)和与第2中间热交换器15b连接的配管(下面称为配管5b)构成。配管5a和配管5b按照与中继单元3连接的室内机2的台进行分支(这里各分成4支)。配管5a和配管5b由流路切换阀22、流路切换阀23连接。通过控制流路切换阀22和流路切换阀23，决定是使导通配管5a的热介质流入使用侧热交换器26还是使导通配管5b的热介质流入使用侧热交换器26。The piping 5 through which the heat medium is conducted is composed of a piping connected to the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a (hereinafter referred to as piping 5a) and a piping connected to the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b (hereinafter referred to as piping 5b). The piping 5a and the piping 5b are branched for each indoor unit 2 connected to the relay unit 3 (here, each is divided into four branches). The pipe 5 a and the pipe 5 b are connected by a flow path switching valve 22 and a flow path switching valve 23 . By controlling the channel switching valve 22 and the channel switching valve 23 , it is determined whether the heat medium in the transfer pipe 5 a flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26 or the heat medium in the transfer pipe 5 b flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26 .

在该空气调节装置100中，用制冷剂配管4依次串联连接压缩机10、四通阀11、热源侧热交换器12、第1中间热交换器15a及第2中间热交换器15b，从而构成了冷冻循环回路。另外，用配管5a依次串联连接第1中间热交换器15a、第1泵21a及使用侧热交换器26，从而构成了热介质循环回路。同样地，用配管5b依次串联连接第2中间热交换器15b、第2泵21b及使用侧热交换器26，从而构成了热介质循环回路。即，多台使用侧热交换器26与各中间热交换器15并联连接，将热介质循环回路形成为多个系统。In this air-conditioning apparatus 100, a compressor 10, a four-way valve 11, a heat source side heat exchanger 12, a first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, and a second intermediate heat exchanger 15b are sequentially connected in series through refrigerant piping 4 to constitute Refrigeration cycle. In addition, the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, the first pump 21a, and the use-side heat exchanger 26 are sequentially connected in series through the piping 5a to constitute a heat medium circulation circuit. Similarly, the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, the second pump 21b, and the use-side heat exchanger 26 are sequentially connected in series through the pipe 5b to constitute a heat medium circulation circuit. That is, a plurality of use-side heat exchangers 26 are connected in parallel to each intermediate heat exchanger 15 to form a plurality of heat medium circulation circuits.

即，在空气调节装置100中，热源装置1和中继单元3经由设在中继单元3的第1中间热交换器15a及第2中间热交换器15b连接。中继单元3和室内机2由第1中间热交换器15a和第2中间热交换器15b连接，作为在冷冻循环回路中循环的初级侧制冷剂的热源侧制冷剂和作为在热介质循环回路中循环的次级侧制冷剂的热介质，在第1中间热交换器15a及第2中间热交换器15b进行热交换。That is, in the air conditioner 100 , the heat source device 1 and the relay unit 3 are connected via the first intermediate heat exchanger 15 a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15 b provided in the relay unit 3 . The relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 are connected by the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, and the heat source side refrigerant as the primary side refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration cycle and the heat source side refrigerant as the primary side refrigerant circulating in the heat medium circulation circuit The heat medium of the secondary-side refrigerant in the intermediate cycle exchanges heat in the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b.

在此，说明在冷冻循环回路及热介质循环回路中采用的制冷剂的种类。Here, the types of refrigerants used in the refrigeration cycle and the heat medium cycle will be described.

在冷冻循环回路，例如可采用R407C等非共沸混合制冷剂、R410A等疑似共沸混合制冷剂、或者R22等单一制冷剂等。另外，也可以采用二氧化碳、烃等自然制冷剂。通过采用自然制冷剂作为热源侧制冷剂，可以抑制因制冷剂泄漏所造成的地球温室效应。尤其是二氧化碳，由于其高压侧在超临界状态下不冷凝地进行热交换，所以，如图2所示，在第1中间热交换器15a及第2中间热交换器15b使热源侧制冷剂和热介质成为对向流形式时，能提高加热热介质时的热交换性能。In the refrigeration cycle, for example, a non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant such as R407C, a quasi-azeotropic mixed refrigerant such as R410A, or a single refrigerant such as R22 can be used. In addition, natural refrigerants such as carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons can also be used. By using natural refrigerant as the heat source side refrigerant, the global warming effect caused by refrigerant leakage can be suppressed. In particular, carbon dioxide, since its high-pressure side performs heat exchange without condensation in a supercritical state, so, as shown in FIG. When the heat medium is in the form of counterflow, the heat exchange performance when heating the heat medium can be improved.

热介质循环回路，如上所述，与室内机2的使用侧热交换器26连接。因此，在空气调节装置100中，考虑到热介质泄漏到设置着室内机2的房间等情况，以采用安全性高的热介质为前提。因此，作为热介质，例如可以采用水、防冻液、水和防冻液的混合液等。根据该结构，即使在低的室外空气温度下，也能防止因冻结、腐蚀而引起的制冷剂泄漏，得到高可靠性。另外，在计算机室等应避免水分的地方设置室内机2时，作为热介质，也可以采用热绝缘性高的氟系非活性液体。The heat medium circulation circuit is connected to the use-side heat exchanger 26 of the indoor unit 2 as described above. Therefore, in the air-conditioning apparatus 100, it is assumed that a highly safe heat medium is used in consideration of leakage of the heat medium into the room where the indoor unit 2 is installed. Therefore, as the heat medium, for example, water, antifreeze, a mixture of water and antifreeze, or the like can be used. According to this configuration, even at low outdoor air temperature, refrigerant leakage due to freezing and corrosion can be prevented, and high reliability can be obtained. In addition, when the indoor unit 2 is installed in a place where moisture should be avoided, such as a computer room, a fluorine-based inert liquid having high thermal insulation properties may be used as a heat medium.

图3是表示连接了膨胀箱60的回路结构的一例的部分回路结构图。图4是表示连接了膨胀箱60的回路结构的另一例的部分回路结构图。图5是表示膨胀箱60的概略结构的内部透视图。图6是表示膨胀箱60的供水压与容量之间关系的图表。参照图3～图6，与中继单元3的设置限制一起说明膨胀箱60。如图3或图4所示，在空气调节装置100中，作为用于吸收热介质的体积变化的膨胀吸收装置之一的膨胀箱60，与第2中继单元3b连接。另外，以膨胀箱60收容在中继单元3内的情形为例进行说明。在图6中，横轴表示自来水供给水压[MPaG]，纵轴表示膨胀箱60的容量[L]。FIG. 3 is a partial circuit configuration diagram showing an example of a circuit configuration to which an expansion tank 60 is connected. FIG. 4 is a partial circuit configuration diagram showing another example of the circuit configuration to which the expansion tank 60 is connected. FIG. 5 is an internal perspective view showing a schematic structure of the expansion tank 60 . FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the water supply pressure and capacity of the expansion tank 60 . Referring to FIGS. 3 to 6 , the expansion tank 60 will be described together with installation restrictions of the relay unit 3 . As shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 , in the air-conditioning apparatus 100 , an expansion tank 60 , which is one of expansion absorbers for absorbing a volume change of the heat medium, is connected to the second relay unit 3 b. In addition, the case where the expansion tank 60 is housed in the relay unit 3 will be described as an example. In FIG. 6 , the horizontal axis represents the water supply pressure of city water [MPaG], and the vertical axis represents the capacity [L] of the expansion tank 60 .

水等热介质具有温度上升时体积增加而温度下降时体积减小的特性。因此，在如实施方式1的空气调节装置100那样，热介质的流路是密闭回路时，如果没有用于吸收其体积变化的机构，则可能会由于体积膨胀而导致配管5破裂。为此，在空气调节装置100，设置2台作为用于吸收热介质的膨胀的装置的膨胀箱60。2台膨胀箱60(供热侧膨胀箱60a及制冷侧膨胀箱60b)，用连接配管65(供热侧连接配管65a及制冷侧连接配管65b)分别与图2所示的供热侧膨胀箱连接口42及制冷侧膨胀箱连接口43连接。A heat medium such as water has a characteristic of increasing in volume when the temperature rises and decreasing in volume when the temperature falls. Therefore, when the flow path of the heat medium is a closed circuit like the air-conditioning apparatus 100 of Embodiment 1, if there is no mechanism for absorbing the volume change, the pipe 5 may rupture due to volume expansion. For this reason, in the air-conditioning apparatus 100, two expansion tanks 60 are provided as devices for absorbing the expansion of the heat medium. The two expansion tanks 60 (the heating side expansion tank 60a and the cooling side expansion tank 60b) are connected by connecting pipes. 65 (heating-side connecting pipe 65 a and cooling-side connecting pipe 65 b ) are respectively connected to the heating-side expansion tank connection port 42 and the cooling-side expansion tank connection port 43 shown in FIG. 2 .

供热侧膨胀箱60a及制冷侧膨胀箱60b，内部具有挠性的橡胶等的隔壁66，以该隔壁66作为边界，在下部形成了空气积存部，热介质流入上部。即，在供热侧膨胀箱60a的上部连接供热侧连接配管65a，在制冷侧膨胀箱60b的上部连接制冷侧连接配管65b，隔壁66因流入的热介质的体积而膨胀。当热介质的温度低时，隔壁66位于上部，当热介质的温度上升、热介质的体积增加时，隔壁66朝下部鼓起，由此吸收体积膨胀。The heating-side expansion tank 60a and the cooling-side expansion tank 60b have a partition wall 66 made of flexible rubber or the like inside, and an air pool is formed in the lower part with the partition wall 66 as a boundary, and the heat medium flows into the upper part. That is, the heating-side connecting pipe 65a is connected to the upper part of the heating-side expansion tank 60a, and the cooling-side connecting pipe 65b is connected to the upper part of the cooling-side expansion tank 60b. When the temperature of the heat medium is low, the partition wall 66 is located at the top, and when the temperature of the heat medium rises and the volume of the heat medium increases, the partition wall 66 bulges downward to absorb volume expansion.

下面，说明膨胀箱60的容积。Next, the capacity of the expansion tank 60 will be described.

假设热介质膨胀前的空气积存部的压力为P0，空气积存部的容积为V0，热介质膨胀后，空气积存部的压力达到膨胀箱60的极限压力P1、空气积存部的容积减小，空气积存部的容积成为了V1。于是，根据波义耳-查理定律，下式(1)成立。Assuming that the pressure of the air storage part before the heat medium expands is P0, and the volume of the air storage part is V0, after the heat medium expands, the pressure of the air storage part reaches the limit pressure P1 of the expansion tank 60, the volume of the air storage part decreases, and the air The volume of the storage part becomes V1. Then, according to the Boyle-Charlie law, the following equation (1) holds.

(1)P0＊V0＝P1＊V1(1) P0*V0=P1*V1

V1＝P0＊V0/P1V1=P0*V0/P1

设热介质的膨胀量为Ve，下式(2)成立。Assuming that the expansion amount of the heat medium is Ve, the following formula (2) is established.

(2)Ve＝V0-V1＝V0-P0＊V0/P1＝V0＊(1-P0/P1)(2) Ve=V0-V1=V0-P0*V0/P1=V0*(1-P0/P1)

因此，空气积存部的必要容积用热介质的膨胀量和压力表示时，为下式(3)。Therefore, when the required volume of the air storage part is expressed by the expansion amount and pressure of the heat medium, it is expressed by the following formula (3).

(3)V0＝Ve/(1-P0/P1)(3) V0=Ve/(1-P0/P1)

从式(3)可知，为了减小膨胀箱60的容积，必须减小P0/P1。It can be seen from formula (3) that in order to reduce the volume of the expansion tank 60, P0/P1 must be reduced.

即，作为减小膨胀箱60的容积的具体的装置，可考虑降低空气积存部的最低压力、或提高膨胀箱60的耐压等的装置。尤其是若考虑到中继单元3的设置状况，则由于中继单元3多设置在天花板里等，所以，存在着必须把中继单元3的高度抑制在300mm以下程度的限制。基于这样的背景，要求膨胀箱60小型化、即要求减小P0/P1。That is, as a specific means for reducing the volume of the expansion tank 60 , means for lowering the minimum pressure of the air storage part, increasing the pressure resistance of the expansion tank 60 , and the like can be considered. In particular, considering the installation situation of the relay unit 3, since the relay unit 3 is often installed in the ceiling, etc., there is a restriction that the height of the relay unit 3 must be kept below 300 mm. Based on such a background, downsizing of the expansion tank 60 is required, that is, reduction of P0/P1 is required.

欲要增大P0(提高耐压)，就必须增加膨胀箱60的容器的壁厚，从而导致膨胀箱60变重，不容易收纳在天花板里。另外，欲要减小P1(减小初期压力)，就必须限制供水压力、限制中继单元3和室内机2的位置。从图6可知，膨胀箱60的容积因最低压力的不同而有很大差异。即，从图6可知，为了将膨胀箱60的容积抑制在5升以下的程度，必须使最低压力为100kPaG左右。In order to increase P0 (increase the pressure resistance), it is necessary to increase the wall thickness of the container of the expansion tank 60, which makes the expansion tank 60 heavy and difficult to store in the ceiling. In addition, in order to reduce P1 (decrease the initial pressure), it is necessary to restrict the water supply pressure and restrict the positions of the relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 . It can be seen from Fig. 6 that the volume of the expansion tank 60 varies greatly due to the difference of the minimum pressure. That is, as can be seen from FIG. 6 , in order to suppress the volume of the expansion tank 60 to about 5 liters or less, it is necessary to set the minimum pressure to about 100 kPaG.

另外，为了使第1泵21a及第2泵21b的压头不作用在膨胀箱60上，往膨胀箱60上连接的连接口(供热侧膨胀箱连接口42及制冷侧膨胀箱连接口43)，如图2所示，必须从第1泵21a及第2泵21b的吸入侧取出。另外，这里，说明了膨胀箱60的极限压力为490kPaG的情形。In addition, in order to prevent the pressure heads of the first pump 21a and the second pump 21b from acting on the expansion tank 60, the connection ports connected to the expansion tank 60 (the heat supply side expansion tank connection port 42 and the cooling side expansion tank connection port 43 ), as shown in Figure 2, must be taken out from the suction side of the first pump 21a and the second pump 21b. In addition, here, the case where the ultimate pressure of the expansion tank 60 is 490 kPaG is demonstrated.

如图3所示，把中继单元3设置在室内机2的上方时，由于没有压头作用在膨胀箱60上，P0无限地接近于0，所以膨胀箱60可以小型化。但是，实际上，中继单元3并不一定设置在室内机2的上方。即，可考虑如图4所示那样地设置中继单元3和室内机2。另外，水管62经由膨胀阀61与空气调节装置100的热介质循环回路连接，借助水管水的压力，向热介质循环回路注入水。As shown in Fig. 3, when the relay unit 3 is arranged above the indoor unit 2, since there is no pressure head acting on the expansion tank 60, P0 is infinitely close to 0, so the expansion tank 60 can be miniaturized. However, in reality, the relay unit 3 is not necessarily installed above the indoor unit 2 . That is, it is conceivable to install the relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 as shown in FIG. 4 . In addition, the water pipe 62 is connected to the heat medium circulation circuit of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 via the expansion valve 61 , and water is injected into the heat medium circulation circuit by the pressure of the water in the water pipe.

即，就图4所示的设置状况而言，从水管62供给的水管水的压力作用在膨胀箱60。因此，如图4所示，设室内机2与中继单元3的高低差h为10m，水管水的供水压为100kPaG左右时，从图6可知，可以把膨胀箱60的容积抑制在5升左右，因此，可做成能收纳在天花板里的大小。这样，由于在空气调节装置100预先具有膨胀箱60，所以，不需要像已往那样按部件设置膨胀水箱60，可以使系统的选定操作简单化。另外，不把膨胀箱60收容在中继单元3内时，室内机2和膨胀箱60的高低差h为10m。That is, in the installation situation shown in FIG. 4 , the pressure of the water pipe water supplied from the water pipe 62 acts on the expansion tank 60 . Therefore, as shown in Figure 4, when the height difference h between the indoor unit 2 and the relay unit 3 is 10m, and the water supply pressure of the water pipe is about 100kPaG, it can be seen from Figure 6 that the volume of the expansion tank 60 can be suppressed to 5 liters Left and right, therefore, it can be made into a size that can be stored in the ceiling. In this way, since the expansion tank 60 is preliminarily provided in the air-conditioning apparatus 100, it is not necessary to install the expansion tank 60 for each component as in the past, and the selection operation of the system can be simplified. In addition, when the expansion tank 60 is not accommodated in the relay unit 3, the height difference h between the indoor unit 2 and the expansion tank 60 is 10 m.

在此，说明空气调节装置100执行的各运转模式。Here, each operation mode performed by the air-conditioning apparatus 100 will be described.

该空气调节装置100，按照来自各室内机2的指示，可在该室内机2进行制冷运转或供热运转。即，空气调节装置100，可以用全部的室内机2进行相同的运转，也可以用各个室内机2进行不同的运转。下面，说明在空气调节装置100执行的4个运转模式、即驱动的室内机2都执行制冷运转的全制冷运转模式、驱动的室内机2都执行供热运转的全供热运转模式、制冷负荷偏大的主要制冷运转模式以及供热负荷偏大的主要供热运转模式中，制冷剂的流动。This air-conditioning apparatus 100 can perform cooling operation or heating operation in the indoor unit 2 according to an instruction from each indoor unit 2 . That is, the air-conditioning apparatus 100 may perform the same operation by all the indoor units 2, or may perform different operations by each indoor unit 2. Next, the four operation modes performed by the air-conditioning apparatus 100, that is, the cooling only operation mode in which all the driven indoor units 2 perform cooling operation, the heating only operation mode in which all the driven indoor units 2 perform heating operation, and the cooling load Flow of the refrigerant in the main cooling operation mode with a large heating load and the main heating operation mode with a large heating load.

[全制冷运转模式][Full cooling operation mode]

图7是表示空气调节装置100的全制冷运转模式时的制冷剂的流动的制冷剂回路图。在该图7中，以只在使用侧热交换器26a及使用侧热交换器26b产生冷能负荷的情形为例，说明全制冷运转模式。即，在图7中，表示在使用侧热交换器26c及使用侧热交换器26d不产生冷能负荷的情形。另外，在图7中，用粗线表示的配管是制冷剂(热源侧制冷剂及热介质)循环的配管。另外，用实线箭头表示热源侧制冷剂的流动方向，用虚线箭头表示热介质的流动方向。FIG. 7 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant in the cooling only operation mode of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 . In FIG. 7 , the cooling only operation mode will be described by taking a case where cooling loads are generated only in the use-side heat exchanger 26 a and the use-side heat exchanger 26 b as an example. That is, in FIG. 7, the case where the cooling load does not generate|occur|produce in the use-side heat exchanger 26c and the use-side heat exchanger 26d is shown. In addition, in FIG. 7 , piping indicated by bold lines is piping through which refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) circulates. In addition, the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a dotted line arrow.

在图7所示的全制冷运转模式时，在热源装置1中，切换四通阀11，使得从压缩机10排出的热源侧制冷剂流入热源侧热交换器12。在中继单元3中，停止第1泵21a，驱动第2泵21b，开放截止阀24a及截止阀24b，关闭截止阀24c及截止阀24d，热介质在第2中间热交换器15b与各使用侧热交换器26(使用侧热交换器26a及使用侧热交换器26b)之间循环。在该状态下，开始压缩机10的运转。In the cooling only operation mode shown in FIG. 7 , in the heat source device 1 , the four-way valve 11 is switched so that the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 . In the relay unit 3, the first pump 21a is stopped, the second pump 21b is driven, the shutoff valve 24a and the shutoff valve 24b are opened, the shutoff valve 24c and the shutoff valve 24d are closed, and the heat medium is used between the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b and each It circulates between the side heat exchangers 26 (use-side heat exchanger 26a and use-side heat exchanger 26b). In this state, the operation of the compressor 10 is started.

首先说明冷冻循环回路中的热源侧制冷剂的流动。First, the flow of the heat source side refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle will be described.

低温、低压的制冷剂由压缩机10压缩而成为高温、高压的气体制冷剂后排出。从压缩机10排出的高温、高压的气体制冷剂，通过四通阀11，流入热源侧热交换器12。然后，在热源侧热交换器12，一边向室外空气散热一边冷凝液化而成为高压液体制冷剂。从热源侧热交换器12流出的高压液体制冷剂，通过止回阀13a从热源装置1流出，通过制冷剂配管4流入第1中继单元3a。流入到第1中继单元3a的高压液体制冷剂流入气液分离器14后，经由膨胀阀16e流入第2中继单元3b。The low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 to become a high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant, and then discharged. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 through the four-way valve 11 . Then, in the heat source side heat exchanger 12 , it is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the outdoor air to become a high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The high-pressure liquid refrigerant flowing out of the heat source side heat exchanger 12 flows out of the heat source device 1 through the check valve 13 a, and flows into the first relay unit 3 a through the refrigerant pipe 4 . The high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the first relay unit 3a flows into the gas-liquid separator 14, and then flows into the second relay unit 3b through the expansion valve 16e.

流入到第2中继单元3b的制冷剂被膨胀阀16a节流而膨胀，成为低温、低压的气液二相制冷剂。该气液二相制冷剂流入起蒸发器作用的第2中间热交换器15b，从在热介质循环回路内循环的热介质中吸热，这样，一边将热介质冷却一边成为低温、低压的气体制冷剂。从第2中间热交换器15b流出的气体制冷剂经过膨胀阀16c后，从第2中继单元3b及第1中继单元3a流出，通过制冷剂配管4流入热源装置1。流入到热源装置1的制冷剂通过止回阀13d，经由四通阀11及储存器17，再次被吸入到压缩机10。另外，膨胀阀16b及膨胀阀16d为制冷剂不流过的小开度，膨胀阀16c是全开状态，不产生压力损失。The refrigerant flowing into the second relay unit 3b is throttled and expanded by the expansion valve 16a, and becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. This gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flows into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b functioning as an evaporator, absorbs heat from the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circulation circuit, and turns into a low-temperature, low-pressure gas while cooling the heat medium. Refrigerant. The gas refrigerant flowing out of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b passes through the expansion valve 16c, flows out from the second relay unit 3b and the first relay unit 3a, and flows into the heat source device 1 through the refrigerant pipe 4. The refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source device 1 passes through the check valve 13d, passes through the four-way valve 11 and the accumulator 17, and is sucked into the compressor 10 again. In addition, the expansion valve 16b and the expansion valve 16d have a small opening so that the refrigerant does not flow, and the expansion valve 16c is fully opened so that no pressure loss occurs.

下面，说明热介质循环回路中的热介质的流动。Next, the flow of the heat medium in the heat medium circulation circuit will be described.

在全制冷运转模式中，由于第1泵21a停止，所以，热介质经由配管5b循环。在第2中间热交换器15b由热源侧制冷剂冷却了的热介质，借助第2泵21b在配管5b内流动。在第2泵21b被加压而流出的热介质，经由流路切换阀22(流路切换阀22a及流路切换阀22b)，通过截止阀24(截止阀24a及截止阀24b)而流入使用侧热交换器26(使用侧热交换器26a及使用侧热交换器26b)。然后，在使用侧热交换器26，从室内空气吸热，对设置着室内机2的室内等空调对象区域进行制冷。In the cooling only operation mode, since the first pump 21a is stopped, the heat medium circulates through the piping 5b. The heat medium cooled by the heat source side refrigerant in the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b flows through the pipe 5b by the second pump 21b. The heat medium that is pressurized and flowed out by the second pump 21b passes through the flow path switching valve 22 (the flow path switching valve 22a and the flow path switching valve 22b) and passes through the shutoff valve 24 (the shutoff valve 24a and the shutoff valve 24b) to flow in for use. The side heat exchanger 26 (the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b). Then, the use-side heat exchanger 26 absorbs heat from the indoor air, and cools an air-conditioned area such as a room where the indoor unit 2 is installed.

然后，从使用侧热交换器26流出的热介质流入流量调节阀25(流量调节阀25a及流量调节阀25b)。这时，借助流量调节阀25的作用，只是为了供给室内等空调对象区域所需的空调负荷而需要的流量的热介质，流入使用侧热交换器26，其余的热介质通过旁路27(旁路27a及旁路27b)旁通使用侧热交换器26地流动。Then, the heat medium flowing out from the use-side heat exchanger 26 flows into the flow rate regulating valve 25 (the flow rate regulating valve 25 a and the flow rate regulating valve 25 b ). At this time, with the help of the flow regulating valve 25, only the heat medium of the flow rate required to supply the air-conditioning load required by the air-conditioning target area such as indoors flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26, and the rest of the heat medium passes through the bypass 27 (bypass) The path 27 a and the bypass path 27 b ) flow by bypassing the use-side heat exchanger 26 .

通过旁路27的热介质不参与热交换，与经过了使用侧热交换器26的热介质合流，通过流路切换阀23(流路切换阀23a及流路切换阀23b)，流入第2中间热交换器15b，再被吸入第2泵21b。另外，将第3温度传感器33和第4温度传感器34的温度差控制保持在目标值，从而可以供给室内等空调对象区域所需的空调负荷。The heat medium passing through the bypass 27 does not participate in heat exchange, but merges with the heat medium passing through the use-side heat exchanger 26, passes through the flow path switching valve 23 (flow path switching valve 23a and flow path switching valve 23b), and flows into the second middle The heat exchanger 15b is then sucked into the second pump 21b. In addition, by controlling and maintaining the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor 33 and the fourth temperature sensor 34 at a target value, the air-conditioning load required for an air-conditioning target area such as a room can be supplied.

这时，由于不必使热介质流入无热负荷的使用侧热交换器26(包括停热)，所以，用截止阀24关闭流路，使热介质不流向使用侧热交换器26。在图7中，在使用侧热交换器26a及使用侧热交换器26b中，由于有热负荷，所以，使热介质流过，而在使用侧热交换器26c及使用侧热交换器26d中，没有热负荷，将对应的截止阀24c及截止阀24d设置为关闭状态。在从使用侧热交换器26c或使用侧热交换器26d产生了冷能负荷的情况下，将截止阀24c或截止阀24d开放而使热介质循环即可。At this time, since it is not necessary to flow the heat medium into the use-side heat exchanger 26 with no heat load (including heat stop), the flow path is closed with the stop valve 24 so that the heat medium does not flow into the use-side heat exchanger 26 . In Fig. 7, in the use-side heat exchanger 26a and the use-side heat exchanger 26b, since there is a heat load, the heat medium flows through, and in the use-side heat exchanger 26c and the use-side heat exchanger 26d , there is no heat load, and the corresponding shut-off valve 24c and shut-off valve 24d are set to the closed state. When a cooling load is generated from the use-side heat exchanger 26c or the use-side heat exchanger 26d, the stop valve 24c or the stop valve 24d may be opened to circulate the heat medium.

[全供热运转模式][Full heating operation mode]

图8是表示空气调节装置100的全供热运转模式时的制冷剂流动的制冷剂回路图。在该图8中，以只在使用侧热交换器26a及使用侧热交换器26b产生热能负荷的情形为例，说明全供热运转模式。即，在图8中，表示在使用侧热交换器26c及使用侧热交换器26d不产生热能负荷的情形。另外，在图8中，用粗线表示的配管是制冷剂(热源侧制冷剂及热介质)循环的配管。另外，用实线箭头表示热源侧制冷剂的流动方向，用虚线箭头表示热介质的流动方向。FIG. 8 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the refrigerant flow in the heating only operation mode of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 . In this FIG. 8 , the heating only operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a thermal load is generated only in the use-side heat exchanger 26 a and the use-side heat exchanger 26 b. That is, in FIG. 8, the case where thermal load does not generate|occur|produce in the use side heat exchanger 26c and the use side heat exchanger 26d is shown. In addition, in FIG. 8 , pipes indicated by thick lines are pipes through which refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) circulates. In addition, the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a dotted line arrow.

在图8所示的全供热运转模式时，在热源装置1中，切换四通阀11，使得从压缩机10排出的热源侧制冷剂不经过热源侧热交换器12就流入中继单元3。在中继单元3，驱动第1泵21a，停止第2泵21b，开放截止阀24a及截止阀24b，关闭截止阀24c及截止阀24d，使热介质在第1中间热交换器15a与各使用侧热交换器26(使用侧热交换器26a及使用侧热交换器26b)之间循环地进行切换。在该状态下，开始压缩机10的运转。In the heating only operation mode shown in FIG. 8 , in the heat source device 1 , the four-way valve 11 is switched so that the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the relay unit 3 without passing through the heat source side heat exchanger 12 . . In the relay unit 3, the first pump 21a is driven, the second pump 21b is stopped, the shutoff valve 24a and the shutoff valve 24b are opened, the shutoff valve 24c and the shutoff valve 24d are closed, and the heat medium is used in the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and each Between the side heat exchangers 26 (use-side heat exchanger 26a and use-side heat exchanger 26b ), switching is performed cyclically. In this state, the operation of the compressor 10 is started.

首先说明冷冻循环回路中的热源侧制冷剂的流动。First, the flow of the heat source side refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle will be described.

低温、低压的制冷剂由压缩机10压缩而成为高温、高压的气体制冷剂后排出。从压缩机10排出的高温、高压的气体制冷剂，通过四通阀11，流过第1连接配管4a，通过止回阀13b而从热源装置1流出。从热源装置1流出的高温、高压的气体制冷剂，通过制冷剂配管4，流入第1中继单元3a。流入到第1中继单元3a的高温、高压的气体制冷剂流入气液分离器14，然后，流入第1中间热交换器15a。流入第1中间热交换器15a的高温、高压的气体制冷剂，一边向在热介质循环回路内循环的热介质散热一边冷凝液化而成为高压的液体制冷剂。The low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 to become a high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant, and then discharged. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 passes through the four-way valve 11, flows through the first connecting pipe 4a, and flows out of the heat source device 1 through the check valve 13b. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant flowing out of the heat source device 1 flows into the first relay unit 3 a through the refrigerant pipe 4 . The high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the first relay unit 3a flows into the gas-liquid separator 14, and then flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant flowing into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit to become a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.

从第1中间热交换器15a流出的高压的液体制冷剂被膨胀阀16d节流而膨胀，成为低温、低压的气液二相状态。被膨胀阀16d节流的气液二相状态的制冷剂经过膨胀阀16b，流过制冷剂配管4，再流入热源装置1。流入热源装置1的制冷剂，经由止回阀13c，通过第2连接配管4b，流入起蒸发器作用的热源侧热交换器12。然后，流入热源侧热交换器12的制冷剂，在热源侧热交换器12从室外空气吸热，成为低温、低压的气体制冷剂。从热源侧热交换器12流出的低温、低压的气体制冷剂经由四通阀11和储存器17，返回到压缩机10。另外，膨胀阀16a、膨胀阀16c及膨胀阀16e是制冷剂不流过的小开度。The high-pressure liquid refrigerant flowing out of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a is throttled and expanded by the expansion valve 16d, and becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase state. The gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant throttled by the expansion valve 16 d passes through the expansion valve 16 b , flows through the refrigerant piping 4 , and then flows into the heat source device 1 . The refrigerant flowing into the heat source device 1 passes through the check valve 13c, passes through the second connecting pipe 4b, and flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 functioning as an evaporator. Then, the refrigerant flowing into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 absorbs heat from the outdoor air in the heat source side heat exchanger 12 to become a low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant. The low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant flowing out of the heat source side heat exchanger 12 returns to the compressor 10 through the four-way valve 11 and the accumulator 17 . In addition, the expansion valve 16a, the expansion valve 16c, and the expansion valve 16e have a small opening so that the refrigerant does not flow.

下面，说明热介质循环回路中的热介质的流动。Next, the flow of the heat medium in the heat medium circulation circuit will be described.

在全供热运转模式中，由于第2泵21b停止，所以，热介质通过配管5b循环。在第1中间热交换器15a由热源侧制冷剂加热了的热介质，借助第1泵21a在配管5a内流动。在第1泵21a被加压而流出的热介质，经由流路切换阀22(流路切换阀22a及流路切换阀22b)，通过截止阀24(截止阀24a及截止阀24b)而流入使用侧热交换器26(使用侧热交换器26a及使用侧热交换器26b)。然后，在使用侧热交换器26中，向室内空气供热，对设置着室内机2的室内等空调对象区域进行供热。In the heating only operation mode, since the second pump 21b is stopped, the heat medium circulates through the piping 5b. The heat medium heated by the heat source side refrigerant in the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a flows through the pipe 5a by the first pump 21a. The heat medium that is pressurized and flowed out by the first pump 21a passes through the flow path switching valve 22 (the flow path switching valve 22a and the flow path switching valve 22b) and passes through the shutoff valve 24 (the shutoff valve 24a and the shutoff valve 24b) to flow in for use. The side heat exchanger 26 (the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b). Then, in the use-side heat exchanger 26, heat is supplied to the indoor air, and heat is supplied to an air-conditioning target area such as a room where the indoor unit 2 is installed.

然后，从使用侧热交换器26流出的热介质流入流量调节阀25(流量调节阀25a及流量调节阀25b)。这时，借助流量调节阀25的作用，只是为了供给室内等空调对象区域所需的空调负荷而需要的流量的热介质，流入使用侧热交换器26，其余的热介质通过旁路27(旁路27a及旁路27b)旁通使用侧热交换器26地流动。Then, the heat medium flowing out from the use-side heat exchanger 26 flows into the flow rate regulating valve 25 (the flow rate regulating valve 25 a and the flow rate regulating valve 25 b ). At this time, with the help of the flow regulating valve 25, only the heat medium of the flow rate required to supply the air-conditioning load required by the air-conditioning target area such as indoors flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26, and the rest of the heat medium passes through the bypass 27 (bypass) The path 27 a and the bypass path 27 b ) flow by bypassing the use-side heat exchanger 26 .

通过旁路27的热介质不参与热交换，与经过了使用侧热交换器26的热介质合流，通过流路切换阀23(流路切换阀23a及流路切换阀23b)，流入第1中间热交换器15a，再被吸入第1泵21a。另外，将第3温度传感器33和第4温度传感器34的温度差控制保持在目标值，从而可以供给室内等空调对象区域所需的空调负荷。The heat medium passing through the bypass 27 does not participate in heat exchange, but merges with the heat medium passing through the use-side heat exchanger 26, passes through the flow path switching valve 23 (flow path switching valve 23a and flow path switching valve 23b), and flows into the first middle The heat exchanger 15a is then sucked into the first pump 21a. In addition, by controlling and maintaining the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor 33 and the fourth temperature sensor 34 at a target value, the air-conditioning load required for an air-conditioning target area such as a room can be supplied.

这时，由于不必使热介质流入无热负荷的使用侧热交换器26(包括停热)，所以，用截止阀24关闭流路，使热介质不流向使用侧热交换器26。在图8中，在使用侧热交换器26a及使用侧热交换器26b中，由于有热负荷，所以，使热介质流过，而在使用侧热交换器26c及使用侧热交换器26d中，没有热负荷，将对应的截止阀24c及截止阀24d设置为关闭状态。在从使用侧热交换器26c或使用侧热交换器26d产生了热能负荷的情况下，将截止阀24c或截止阀24d开放而使热介质循环即可。At this time, since it is not necessary to flow the heat medium into the use-side heat exchanger 26 with no heat load (including heat stop), the flow path is closed with the stop valve 24 so that the heat medium does not flow into the use-side heat exchanger 26 . In Fig. 8, in the use-side heat exchanger 26a and the use-side heat exchanger 26b, since there is a heat load, the heat medium flows through, and in the use-side heat exchanger 26c and the use-side heat exchanger 26d , there is no heat load, and the corresponding shut-off valve 24c and shut-off valve 24d are set to the closed state. When a heat load is generated from the use-side heat exchanger 26c or the use-side heat exchanger 26d, the shutoff valve 24c or the shutoff valve 24d is opened to circulate the heat medium.

[主要制冷运转模式][Main cooling operation mode]

图9是表示空气调节装置100的主要制冷运转模式时的制冷剂的流动的制冷剂回路图。在该图9中，以在使用侧热交换器26a产生热能负荷、在使用侧热交换器26b产生冷能负荷的情形为例，说明主要制冷运转模式。即，在图9中，表示在使用侧热交换器26c及使用侧热交换器26d不产生热能负荷及冷能负荷两者的情形。另外，在图9中，用粗线表示的配管是制冷剂(热源侧制冷剂及热介质)循环的配管。另外，用实线箭头表示热源侧制冷剂的流动方向，用虚线箭头表示热介质的流动方向。FIG. 9 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the flow of the refrigerant during the cooling main operation mode of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 . In FIG. 9 , the main cooling operation mode will be described by taking, as an example, a case where a heating load is generated in the use-side heat exchanger 26a and a cooling load is generated in the use-side heat exchanger 26b. That is, in FIG. 9, the case where neither a heating load nor a cooling load occurs in the use side heat exchanger 26c and the use side heat exchanger 26d is shown. In addition, in FIG. 9 , pipes indicated by thick lines are pipes through which refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) circulates. In addition, the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a dotted line arrow.

在图9所示的主要制冷运转模式时，在热源装置1中，切换四通阀11，使得从压缩机10排出的热源侧制冷剂流入热源侧热交换器12。在中继单元3中，驱动第1泵21a和第2泵21b，开放截止阀24a及截止阀24b，关闭截止阀24c及截止阀24d，热介质在第1中间热交换器15a与使用侧热交换器26a之间、和在第2中间热交换器15b与使用侧热交换器26b之间循环。在该状态下，开始压缩机10的运转。In the cooling main operation mode shown in FIG. 9 , in the heat source device 1 , the four-way valve 11 is switched so that the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 . In the relay unit 3, the first pump 21a and the second pump 21b are driven, the shutoff valve 24a and the shutoff valve 24b are opened, the shutoff valve 24c and the shutoff valve 24d are closed, and the heat medium is heated between the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the use side. It circulates between the exchangers 26a, and between the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b and the use-side heat exchanger 26b. In this state, the operation of the compressor 10 is started.

首先说明冷冻循环回路中的热源侧制冷剂的流动。First, the flow of the heat source side refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle will be described.

低温、低压的制冷剂由压缩机10压缩而成为高温、高压的气体制冷剂后排出。从压缩机10排出的高温、高压的气体制冷剂，通过四通阀11，流入热源侧热交换器12。然后，在热源侧热交换器12，一边向室外空气散热一边冷凝而成为气液二相制冷剂。从热源侧热交换器12流出的气液二相制冷剂，通过止回阀13a从热源装置1流出，通过制冷剂配管4流入第1中继单元3a。流入第1中继单元3a的气液二相制冷剂流入气液分离器14，分离成为气体制冷剂和液体制冷剂，流入第2中继单元3b。The low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 to become a high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant, and then discharged. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 through the four-way valve 11 . Then, in the heat source side heat exchanger 12 , it condenses while dissipating heat to the outdoor air to become a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. The gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flowing out of the heat source side heat exchanger 12 flows out of the heat source device 1 through the check valve 13 a, and flows into the first relay unit 3 a through the refrigerant pipe 4 . The gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flowing into the first relay unit 3a flows into the gas-liquid separator 14, is separated into gas refrigerant and liquid refrigerant, and flows into the second relay unit 3b.

在气液分离器14被分离的气体制冷剂流入第1中间热交换器15a。流入第1中间热交换器15a的气体制冷剂，一边向在热介质循环回路中循环的热介质散热一边冷凝液化而成为液体制冷剂。从第1中间热交换器15a流出的液体制冷剂通过膨胀阀16d。另一方面，在气液分离器14被分离的液体制冷剂，经过膨胀阀16e，与在第1中间热交换器15a冷凝液化并通过了膨胀阀16d的液体制冷剂合流，在膨胀阀16a被节流而膨胀，成为低温、低压的气液二相制冷剂，流入第2中间热交换器15b。The gas refrigerant separated in the gas-liquid separator 14 flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a. The gas refrigerant flowing into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit, and turns into a liquid refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant flowing out of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a passes through the expansion valve 16d. On the other hand, the liquid refrigerant separated in the gas-liquid separator 14 passes through the expansion valve 16e, merges with the liquid refrigerant condensed and liquefied in the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and passed through the expansion valve 16d, and is absorbed by the expansion valve 16a. It is throttled and expanded to become a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, which flows into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b.

该气液二相制冷剂，在起到蒸发器作用的第2中间热交换器15b，从在热介质循环回路内循环的热介质吸热，从而一边将热介质冷却一边成为低温、低压的气体制冷剂。从第2中间热交换器15b流出的气体制冷剂经过膨胀阀16c后，从第2中继单元3b及第1中继单元3a流出，通过制冷剂配管4流入热源装置1。流入热源装置1的制冷剂通过止回阀13d，经由四通阀11及储存器17，再次被吸入压缩机10。另外，膨胀阀16b是制冷剂不流过的小开度，膨胀阀16c是全开状态、不产生压力损失。This gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant absorbs heat from the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circulation circuit in the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b functioning as an evaporator, and turns the heat medium into a low-temperature and low-pressure gas while cooling the heat medium. Refrigerant. The gas refrigerant flowing out of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b passes through the expansion valve 16c, flows out from the second relay unit 3b and the first relay unit 3a, and flows into the heat source device 1 through the refrigerant pipe 4. The refrigerant flowing into the heat source device 1 passes through the check valve 13d, passes through the four-way valve 11 and the accumulator 17, and is sucked into the compressor 10 again. In addition, the expansion valve 16b has a small opening so that the refrigerant does not flow, and the expansion valve 16c is fully open so that no pressure loss occurs.

下面，说明热介质循环回路中的热介质的流动。Next, the flow of the heat medium in the heat medium circulation circuit will be described.

在主要制冷运转模式中，由于第1泵21a和第2泵21b都驱动，所以，热介质经由配管5a及配管5b二者循环。在第1中间热交换器15a由热源侧制冷剂加热了的热介质，借助第1泵21a在配管5a内流动。另外，在第2中间热交换器15b由热源侧制冷剂冷却了的热介质，借助第2泵21b在配管5b内流动。In the cooling main operation mode, since both the first pump 21a and the second pump 21b are driven, the heat medium circulates through both the piping 5a and the piping 5b. The heat medium heated by the heat source side refrigerant in the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a flows through the pipe 5a by the first pump 21a. In addition, the heat medium cooled by the heat source side refrigerant in the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b flows through the pipe 5b by the second pump 21b.

在第1泵21a被加压而流出的热介质经由流路切换阀22a，通过截止阀24a，流入使用侧热交换器26a。然后，在使用侧热交换器26a，向室内空气供热，对设置着室内机2的室内等的空调对象区域进行供热。另外，在第2泵21b被加压而流出的热介质经由流路切换阀22b，通过截止阀24b，流入使用侧热交换器26b。然后，在使用侧热交换器26b，从室内空气吸热，对设置着室内机2的室内等的空调对象区域进行制冷。The heat medium that has been pressurized by the first pump 21a and flowed out passes through the flow path switching valve 22a, passes through the shutoff valve 24a, and flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26a. Then, heat is supplied to the indoor air in the use-side heat exchanger 26a, and heat is supplied to an air-conditioning target area such as a room where the indoor unit 2 is installed. In addition, the heat medium that has been pressurized by the second pump 21b and flowed out passes through the flow path switching valve 22b, passes through the shutoff valve 24b, and flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26b. Then, the use-side heat exchanger 26b absorbs heat from the indoor air, and cools an air-conditioning target area such as a room where the indoor unit 2 is installed.

进行了供热的热介质流入流量调节阀25a。这时，借助流量调节阀25a的作用，只是为了供给空调对象区域所需的空调负荷而需要的流量的热介质，流入使用侧热交换器26a，其余的热介质通过旁路旁路27a旁通使用侧热交换器26a地流动。通过旁路27a的热介质不参与热交换，与经过了使用侧热交换器26a的热介质合流，通过流路切换阀23a，流入第1中间热交换器15a，再被吸入第1泵21a。The heated heat medium flows into the flow regulating valve 25a. At this time, by virtue of the function of the flow regulating valve 25a, only the heat medium of the flow rate required to supply the air-conditioning load required by the air-conditioning target area flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26a, and the rest of the heat medium bypasses through the bypass 27a. It flows through the use side heat exchanger 26a. The heat medium passing through the bypass 27a does not participate in heat exchange, but merges with the heat medium passing through the use-side heat exchanger 26a, passes through the flow path switching valve 23a, flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, and is sucked into the first pump 21a.

同样地，进行了制冷的热介质流入流量调节阀25b。这时，借助流量调节阀25b的作用，只是为了供给空调对象区域所需的空调负荷而需要的流量的热介质，流入使用侧热交换器26b，其余的热介质通过旁路27b旁通使用侧热交换器26b地流动。通过旁路27b的热介质不参与热交换，与经过了使用侧热交换器26b的热介质合流，通过流路切换阀23b，流入第2中间热交换器15b，再被吸入第2泵21b。Similarly, the cooled heat medium flows into the flow rate adjustment valve 25b. At this time, with the help of the flow regulating valve 25b, only the heat medium of the flow rate required to supply the air-conditioning load required by the air-conditioning target area flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26b, and the rest of the heat medium bypasses the use side through the bypass 27b. The heat exchanger 26b flows. The heat medium passing through the bypass 27b does not participate in heat exchange, but merges with the heat medium passing through the use-side heat exchanger 26b, passes through the flow path switching valve 23b, flows into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, and is sucked into the second pump 21b.

在此期间，热的热介质(用于热能负荷的热介质)和冷的热介质(用于冷能负荷的热介质)，在流路切换阀22(流路切换阀22a及流路切换阀22b)和流路切换阀23(流路切换阀23a及流路切换阀23b)的作用下，流入有热能负荷的使用侧热交换器26a、有冷能负荷的使用侧热交换器26b而不混合。另外，将第3温度传感器33和第4温度传感器34的温度差控制保持在目标值，从而可以供给室内等空调对象区域所需的空调负荷。During this period, the hot heat medium (the heat medium used for the heat energy load) and the cold heat medium (the heat medium used for the cold energy load) pass through the flow path switching valve 22 (the flow path switching valve 22a and the flow path switching valve 22b) and the flow path switching valve 23 (flow path switching valve 23a and flow path switching valve 23b), flow into the use-side heat exchanger 26a with thermal energy load and the use-side heat exchanger 26b with cooling energy load without mix. In addition, by controlling and maintaining the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor 33 and the fourth temperature sensor 34 at a target value, the air-conditioning load required for an air-conditioning target area such as a room can be supplied.

这时，由于不必使热介质流入无热能负荷的使用侧热交换器26(包括停热)，所以，用截止阀24关闭流路，使热介质不流向使用侧热交换器26。在图9中，在使用侧热交换器26a及使用侧热交换器26b，由于有热负荷，所以，热介质流过，而在使用侧热交换器26c及使用侧热交换器26d，没有热负荷，所以，使对应的截止阀24c及截止阀24d成为关闭状态。在从使用侧热交换器26c或使用侧热交换器26d产生了热能负荷或冷能负荷的情况下，将截止阀24c或截止阀24d开放而使热介质循环即可。At this time, since it is not necessary to let the heat medium flow into the use-side heat exchanger 26 without thermal energy load (including heat stop), the flow path is closed with the stop valve 24 so that the heat medium does not flow into the use-side heat exchanger 26 . In FIG. 9, since there is a heat load in the use-side heat exchanger 26a and the use-side heat exchanger 26b, the heat medium flows, but there is no heat in the use-side heat exchanger 26c and the use-side heat exchanger 26d. Therefore, the corresponding shutoff valve 24c and shutoff valve 24d are closed. When a heating load or a cooling load is generated from the use-side heat exchanger 26c or 26d, the stop valve 24c or the stop valve 24d may be opened to circulate the heat medium.

[主要供热运转模式][Main heating operation mode]

图10是表示空气调节装置100的主要供热运转模式时的、制冷剂的流动的制冷剂回路图。在该图10中，以在使用侧热交换器26a产生热能负荷、在使用侧热交换器26b产生冷能负荷的情形为例，说明主要供热运转模式。即，在图10中，表示在使用侧热交换器26c及使用侧热交换器26d不产生热能负荷及冷能负荷两者的情形。另外，在图10中，用粗线表示的配管是制冷剂(热源侧制冷剂及热介质)循环的配管。另外，用实线箭头表示热源侧制冷剂的流动方向，用虚线箭头表示热介质的流动方向。FIG. 10 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant during the heating main operation mode of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 . In FIG. 10 , the heating-main operation mode will be described by taking, as an example, a case where a heating load is generated in the use-side heat exchanger 26a and a cooling load is generated in the use-side heat exchanger 26b. That is, in FIG. 10 , the case where both the heating load and the cooling load are not generated in the use-side heat exchanger 26c and the use-side heat exchanger 26d is shown. In addition, in FIG. 10 , pipes indicated by thick lines are pipes through which refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) circulates. In addition, the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a dotted line arrow.

在图10所示的主要供热运转模式时，在热源装置1中，切换四通阀11，使得从压缩机10排出的热源侧制冷剂不经过热源侧热交换器12地流入中继单元3。在中继单元3，驱动第1泵21a和第2泵21b，开放截止阀24a及截止阀24b，关闭截止阀24c及截止阀24d，热介质在第1中间热交换器15a与使用侧热交换器26a之间、在第2中间热交换器15b与使用侧热交换器26b之间循环。在该状态下，开始压缩机10的运转。In the heating main operation mode shown in FIG. 10 , in the heat source device 1 , the four-way valve 11 is switched so that the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the relay unit 3 without passing through the heat source side heat exchanger 12 . . In the relay unit 3, the first pump 21a and the second pump 21b are driven, the shutoff valve 24a and the shutoff valve 24b are opened, the shutoff valve 24c and the shutoff valve 24d are closed, and the heat medium exchanges heat with the use side in the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a between the heat exchangers 26a, and between the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b and the use-side heat exchanger 26b. In this state, the operation of the compressor 10 is started.

首先说明冷冻循环回路中的热源侧制冷剂的流动。First, the flow of the heat source side refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle will be described.

低温、低压的制冷剂，被压缩机10压缩而成为高温、高压的气体制冷剂后排出。从压缩机10排出的高温、高压的气体制冷剂，通过四通阀11，流过第1连接配管4a，通过止回阀13b，从热源装置1流出。从热源装置1流出的高温、高压的气体制冷剂，通过制冷剂配管4流入第1中继单元3a。流入第1中继单元3a的高温、高压的气体制冷剂流入气液分离器14，然后，流入第1中间热交换器15a。流入到第1中间热交换器15a的高温、高压的气体制冷剂，一边向在热介质循环回路中循环的热介质散热一边冷凝液化而成为高压的液体制冷剂。The low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 to become a high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant, and then discharged. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 passes through the four-way valve 11, flows through the first connecting pipe 4a, passes through the check valve 13b, and flows out of the heat source device 1. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant flowing out of the heat source device 1 flows into the first relay unit 3 a through the refrigerant pipe 4 . The high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant flowing into the first relay unit 3a flows into the gas-liquid separator 14, and then flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit to become a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.

从第1中间热交换器15a流出的高压的液体制冷剂，在膨胀阀16d被节流而膨胀，成为低温、低压的气液二相状态。在膨胀阀16d被节流的气液二相状态的制冷剂被分到通过膨胀阀16a的流路和通过膨胀阀16b的流路。经过了膨胀阀16a的制冷剂，借助该膨胀阀16a更加膨胀，成为低温、低压的气液二相制冷剂，流入起蒸发器作用的第2中间热交换器15b。然后，流入第2中间热交换器15b的制冷剂，在第2中间热交换器15b从热介质吸热，成为低温、低压的气体制冷剂。从第2中间热交换器15b流出的低温、低压的气体制冷剂经过膨胀阀16c。The high-pressure liquid refrigerant flowing out of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a is throttled and expanded by the expansion valve 16d, and becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase state. The refrigerant in the gas-liquid two-phase state throttled by the expansion valve 16d is divided into a flow path passing through the expansion valve 16a and a flow path passing through the expansion valve 16b. The refrigerant passing through the expansion valve 16a is further expanded by the expansion valve 16a, becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, and flows into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b functioning as an evaporator. Then, the refrigerant flowing into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b absorbs heat from the heat medium in the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b to become a low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant. The low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant flowing out of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b passes through the expansion valve 16c.

另一方面，在膨胀阀16d被节流后流入膨胀阀16b的制冷剂，与经过了第2中间热交换器15b及膨胀阀16c的制冷剂合流，成为干度更大的低温、低压的制冷剂。然后，合流了的制冷剂从第2中继单元3b及第1中继单元3a流出，通过制冷剂配管4流入热源装置1。流入热源装置1的制冷剂经由止回阀13c，流过第2连接配管4b，流入起蒸发器作用的热源侧热交换器12。然后，流入热源侧热交换器12的制冷剂，在热源侧热交换器12从室外空气吸热，成为低温、低压的气体制冷剂。从热源侧热交换器12流出的低温、低压的气体制冷剂，经由四通阀11及储存器17，返回压缩机10。另外，膨胀阀16e是制冷剂不流过的小开度。On the other hand, the refrigerant flowing into the expansion valve 16b after being throttled by the expansion valve 16d merges with the refrigerant passing through the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b and the expansion valve 16c to become a low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant with a higher dryness. agent. Then, the merged refrigerant flows out from the second relay unit 3 b and the first relay unit 3 a, and flows into the heat source device 1 through the refrigerant pipe 4 . The refrigerant flowing into the heat source device 1 passes through the check valve 13c, flows through the second connecting pipe 4b, and flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 functioning as an evaporator. Then, the refrigerant flowing into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 absorbs heat from the outdoor air in the heat source side heat exchanger 12 to become a low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant. The low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant flowing out of the heat source side heat exchanger 12 returns to the compressor 10 through the four-way valve 11 and the accumulator 17 . In addition, the expansion valve 16e has a small opening so that the refrigerant does not flow.

下面，说明热介质循环回路的热介质的流动。Next, the flow of the heat medium in the heat medium circulation circuit will be described.

在主要供热运转模式中，由于第1泵21a及第2泵21b都驱动，所以，热介质通过配管5a及配管5b二者循环。在第1中间热交换器15a被热源侧制冷剂加热了的热介质，借助第1泵21a在配管5a内流动。另外，在第2中间热交换器15b被热源侧制冷剂冷却了的热介质，借助第2泵21b在配管5b内流动。In the heating main operation mode, since both the first pump 21a and the second pump 21b are driven, the heat medium circulates through both the piping 5a and the piping 5b. The heat medium heated by the heat source side refrigerant in the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a flows through the pipe 5a by the first pump 21a. In addition, the heat medium cooled by the heat source side refrigerant in the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b flows through the pipe 5b by the second pump 21b.

在第1泵21a被加压而流出的热介质经由流路切换阀22a，通过截止阀24a，流入使用侧热交换器26a。然后，在使用侧热交换器26a，向室内空气供热，对设置着室内机2的室内等的空调对象区域进行供热。另外，在第2泵21b被加压而流出的热介质经由流路切换阀22b，通过截止阀24b，流入使用侧热交换器26b。然后，在使用侧热交换器26b，从室内空气吸热，对设置着室内机2的室内等的空调对象区域进行制冷。The heat medium that has been pressurized by the first pump 21a and flowed out passes through the flow path switching valve 22a, passes through the shutoff valve 24a, and flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26a. Then, heat is supplied to the indoor air in the use-side heat exchanger 26a, and heat is supplied to an air-conditioning target area such as a room where the indoor unit 2 is installed. In addition, the heat medium that has been pressurized by the second pump 21b and flowed out passes through the flow path switching valve 22b, passes through the shutoff valve 24b, and flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26b. Then, the use-side heat exchanger 26b absorbs heat from the indoor air, and cools an air-conditioning target area such as a room where the indoor unit 2 is installed.

从使用侧热交换器26a流出的热介质流入流量调节阀25a。这时，借助流量调节阀25a的作用，只是为了供给室内等空调对象区域所需的空调负荷而需要的流量的热介质，流入使用侧热交换器26a，其余的热介质通过旁路27a旁通使用侧热交换器26a地流动。通过旁路27a的热介质不参与热交换，与经过了使用侧热交换器26a的热介质合流，通过流路切换阀23a，流入第1中间热交换器15a，再被吸入第1泵21a。The heat medium flowing out of the use-side heat exchanger 26a flows into the flow regulating valve 25a. At this time, with the help of the flow regulating valve 25a, only the heat medium of the flow rate required to supply the air-conditioning load required by the air-conditioning target area such as indoors flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26a, and the rest of the heat medium bypasses through the bypass 27a. It flows through the use side heat exchanger 26a. The heat medium passing through the bypass 27a does not participate in heat exchange, but merges with the heat medium passing through the use-side heat exchanger 26a, passes through the flow path switching valve 23a, flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, and is sucked into the first pump 21a.

同样地，从使用侧热交换器26b流出的热介质流入流量调节阀25b。这时，借助流量调节阀25b的作用，只是为了供给室内等空调对象区域所需的空调负荷而需要的流量的热介质，流入使用侧热交换器26b，其余的热介质通过旁路27b旁通使用侧热交换器26b地流动。通过旁路27b的热介质不参与热交换，与经过了使用侧热交换器26b的热介质合流，通过流路切换阀23b，流入第2中间热交换器15b，再被吸入第2泵21b。Similarly, the heat medium flowing out of the use-side heat exchanger 26b flows into the flow rate adjustment valve 25b. At this time, with the help of the flow regulating valve 25b, only the heat medium of the flow rate required to supply the air-conditioning load required by the air-conditioning target area such as indoors flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26b, and the rest of the heat medium bypasses through the bypass 27b. It flows through the use side heat exchanger 26b. The heat medium passing through the bypass 27b does not participate in heat exchange, but merges with the heat medium passing through the use-side heat exchanger 26b, passes through the flow path switching valve 23b, flows into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, and is sucked into the second pump 21b.

在此期间，热的热介质和冷的热介质，在流路切换阀22(流路切换阀22a及流路切换阀22b)和流路切换阀23(流路切换阀23a及流路切换阀23b)的作用下，流入有热能负荷的使用侧热交换器26a、有冷能负荷的使用侧热交换器26b而不混合。另外，将第3温度传感器33和第4温度传感器34的温度差控制保持在目标值，从而可以供给室内等空调对象区域所需的空调负荷。During this period, the hot heat medium and the cold heat medium flow through the flow path switching valve 22 (flow path switching valve 22a and flow path switching valve 22b) and the flow path switching valve 23 (flow path switching valve 23a and flow path switching valve Under the action of 23b), it flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26a with thermal energy load and the use-side heat exchanger 26b with cooling energy load without mixing. In addition, by controlling and maintaining the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor 33 and the fourth temperature sensor 34 at a target value, the air-conditioning load required for an air-conditioning target area such as a room can be supplied.

这时，由于不必使热介质流入无热负荷的使用侧热交换器26(包括停热)，所以，用截止阀24关闭流路，使热介质不流向使用侧热交换器26。在图10中，在使用侧热交换器26a及使用侧热交换器26b，由于有热能负荷，所以，热介质流过，而在使用侧热交换器26c及使用侧热交换器26d中，没有热能负荷，使对应的截止阀24c及截止阀24d成为关闭状态。在从使用侧热交换器26c或使用侧热交换器26d产生了热能负荷或冷能负荷的情况下，将截止阀24c或截止阀24d开放而使热介质循环即可。At this time, since it is not necessary to flow the heat medium into the use-side heat exchanger 26 with no heat load (including heat stop), the flow path is closed with the stop valve 24 so that the heat medium does not flow into the use-side heat exchanger 26 . In Fig. 10, in the use-side heat exchanger 26a and the use-side heat exchanger 26b, since there is a heat energy load, the heat medium flows, but in the use-side heat exchanger 26c and the use-side heat exchanger 26d, there is no The thermal energy load makes the corresponding shut-off valve 24c and shut-off valve 24d into a closed state. When a heating load or a cooling load is generated from the use-side heat exchanger 26c or 26d, the stop valve 24c or the stop valve 24d may be opened to circulate the heat medium.

如上所述，在第1中继单元3a内设置气液分离器14，将气体制冷剂和液体制冷剂分离，所以，可以在热源装置1与第1中继单元3a之间用2根制冷剂配管4连接，并且进行制冷及供热的同时运转。另外，通过切换及控供热介质侧的流路切换阀22、流路切换阀23、截止阀24和流量调节阀25，可以把在热源装置1生成的冷能或热能通过热介质供给到负荷侧，所以，对于负荷侧，也能用2根配管5向各使用侧热交换器26自由地供给冷能或热能。As described above, the gas-liquid separator 14 is provided in the first relay unit 3a to separate the gas refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant, so two refrigerants can be used between the heat source device 1 and the first relay unit 3a. The pipes 4 are connected, and simultaneous cooling and heating operations are performed. In addition, by switching and controlling the flow path switching valve 22, flow path switching valve 23, stop valve 24, and flow regulating valve 25 on the side of the heat supply medium, the cold energy or heat energy generated in the heat source device 1 can be supplied to the load through the heat medium. Therefore, on the load side, cooling energy or heating energy can be freely supplied to each use-side heat exchanger 26 by using two pipes 5 .

另外，中继单元3(第1中继单元3a及第2中继单元3b)是与热源装置1及室内机2分开的框体，所以可将中继单元3设置在不同于它们的位置，如图1所示，如果将第1中继单元3a及第2中继单元3b设置在非居住空间50，则可以隔开热源侧制冷剂与热介质，可以防止热源侧制冷剂流入居住空间7，提高空气调节装置100的安全性和可靠性。In addition, the relay unit 3 (the first relay unit 3a and the second relay unit 3b) is a housing separate from the heat source device 1 and the indoor unit 2, so the relay unit 3 can be installed in a position different from them, As shown in FIG. 1, if the first relay unit 3a and the second relay unit 3b are installed in the non-residential space 50, the heat source side refrigerant and the heat medium can be separated, and the heat source side refrigerant can be prevented from flowing into the residential space 7. , to improve the safety and reliability of the air conditioning device 100 .

在加热侧的第1中间热交换器15a中，用第1温度传感器31a检测到的第1中间热交换器15a的出口处的热介质温度不高于用第2温度传感器32a检测到的第1中间热交换器15a的入口处的热介质温度，热源侧制冷剂的过热气体区域的加热量少。因此，第1中间热交换器15a的出口处的热介质温度受到大致由第1压力传感器36的饱和温度求出的冷凝温度的限制。另外，在冷却侧的第2中间热交换器15b，用第1温度传感器31b检测到的第2中间热交换器15b的出口处的热介质温度不低于用第2温度传感器32b检测到的第2中间热交换器15b的入口处的热介质温度。In the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a on the heating side, the temperature of the heat medium at the outlet of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a detected by the first temperature sensor 31a is not higher than the first temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 32a. The temperature of the heat medium at the inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the heating amount of the superheated gas region of the heat source side refrigerant are small. Therefore, the temperature of the heat medium at the outlet of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15 a is limited by the condensation temperature obtained approximately from the saturation temperature of the first pressure sensor 36 . In addition, in the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b on the cooling side, the temperature of the heat medium at the outlet of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b detected by the first temperature sensor 31b is not lower than the temperature of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b detected by the second temperature sensor 32b. 2The temperature of the heat medium at the inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 15b.

因此，在空气调节装置100中，使冷冻循环回路侧的冷凝温度或蒸发温度变化，就能有效地应对次级侧(使用侧)的热负荷的增加或减少。为此，希望根据使用侧的热负荷的大小，变更存储在控制装置(图示省略)的冷冻循环回路的冷凝温度或/和蒸发温度的控制目标值。这样，可容易地跟随使用侧的热负荷的大小的变化。Therefore, in the air-conditioning apparatus 100, by changing the condensing temperature or the evaporating temperature on the refrigeration cycle side, it is possible to effectively respond to an increase or decrease in heat load on the secondary side (use side). Therefore, it is desirable to change the control target value of the condensation temperature and/or the evaporation temperature of the refrigeration cycle stored in the control device (not shown) according to the magnitude of the heat load on the use side. In this way, it is possible to easily follow a change in the magnitude of the thermal load on the usage side.

对于使用侧的热负荷的变化的掌握，由与第2中继单元3b连接的控制装置进行。另一方面，冷凝温度及蒸发温度的控制目标值存储在控制装置内，该控制装置与内置有压缩机10及热源侧热交换器12的热源装置1连接。为此，在与第2中继单元3b连接的控制装置和与热源装置1连接的控制装置之间连接信号线，利用通信，发送冷凝温度或/和蒸发温度的控制目标值，变更存储在与热源装置1连接的控制装置中的冷凝温度或/和蒸发温度的控制目标值。另外，也可以传达控制目标值的偏差值，使控制目标值变化。The control device connected to the second relay unit 3b performs grasping of the change of the thermal load on the usage side. On the other hand, the control target values of the condensation temperature and the evaporation temperature are stored in a control device connected to the heat source device 1 including the compressor 10 and the heat source side heat exchanger 12 . For this reason, connect the signal line between the control device connected with the 2nd relay unit 3b and the control device connected with the heat source device 1, utilize communication, send the control target value of condensing temperature or/and evaporating temperature, change and store in and The control target value of the condensation temperature or/and evaporation temperature in the control device connected to the heat source device 1 . In addition, a deviation value of the control target value may be communicated to change the control target value.

通过进行这样的控制，可以恰当地应对使用侧的热负荷的变化。即，控制装置在掌握了使用侧的热负荷降低的情况下，可以控制压缩机10的驱动频率，使得压缩机10的工作量降低。因此，在空气调节装置100中，能够进行更节能的运转。另外，也可以用一个控制装置担负起与第2中继单元3b连接的控制装置和与热源装置1连接的控制装置。By performing such control, it is possible to appropriately respond to changes in the heat load on the usage side. That is, the control device can control the driving frequency of the compressor 10 so that the workload of the compressor 10 can be reduced when the heat load on the usage side is reduced. Therefore, more energy-saving operation can be performed in the air-conditioning apparatus 100 . In addition, the control device connected to the second relay unit 3b and the control device connected to the heat source device 1 may be implemented by one control device.

在实施方式1中，作为热源侧制冷剂，如上所述，举例说明了可采用R410A、R404A等疑似共沸混合制冷剂、R407C等非共沸混合制冷剂、化学式内包含双键结合的CF3CF＝CH2等地球暖化系数比较小的值的制冷剂或其混合物、或者二氧化碳、丙烷等自然制冷剂等的情况，但是，并不局限于在此例举的制冷剂。另外，在实施方式1中，说明了在热源装置1中设置了储存器17的情况的例子，但即使不设置储存器17，也能够进行同样的动作，得到同样的效果。In Embodiment 1, as the heat source side refrigerant, as described above, it was exemplified that pseudo azeotropic mixed refrigerants such as R410A and R404A, non-azeotropic mixed refrigerants such as R407C, and CF3CF= It may be a refrigerant with a relatively small global warming coefficient such as CH2 or a mixture thereof, or a natural refrigerant such as carbon dioxide or propane, but it is not limited to the refrigerants exemplified here. In addition, in Embodiment 1, an example of the case where the accumulator 17 is provided in the heat source device 1 was described, but the same operation can be performed without providing the accumulator 17 , and the same effect can be obtained.

另外，通常，在热源侧热交换器12及使用侧热交换器26设有风扇等送风装置并利用送风来促进冷凝或蒸发的情况居多，但并不局限于此。例如，作为使用侧热交换器26可以采用利用了放射的板式加热器那样的热交换器，作为热源侧热交换器12可以采用借助水、防冻液而使热移动的水冷式热交换器，只要是能散热或吸热的构造，可以采用任何形式的热交换器。In addition, generally, the heat source side heat exchanger 12 and the use side heat exchanger 26 are provided with an air blower such as a fan to promote condensation or evaporation by air blowing, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, a heat exchanger such as a plate heater using radiation can be used as the use-side heat exchanger 26, and a water-cooled heat exchanger that transfers heat through water or antifreeze can be used as the heat source-side heat exchanger 12. It is a structure that can dissipate heat or absorb heat, and any form of heat exchanger can be used.

虽然以与各使用侧热交换器26相对应地分别设置了流路切换阀22、流路切换阀23、截止阀24和流量调节阀25的情况为例进行了说明，但并不局限于此。例如，也可以对一台使用侧热交换器26连接多个上述各部件，这时，只要使与相同的使用侧热交换器26连接的流路切换阀22、流路切换阀23、截止阀24和流量调节阀25进行相同的动作即可。另外，虽然举例说明了设有2个中间热交换器15的情况，但是，当然并不限定个数，只要能冷却或/和加热热介质，也可以设置3个以上。Although the case where the flow path switching valve 22, the flow path switching valve 23, the stop valve 24, and the flow rate adjustment valve 25 are respectively provided corresponding to each use-side heat exchanger 26 has been described as an example, the present invention is not limited thereto. . For example, it is also possible to connect a plurality of the above-mentioned components to one use-side heat exchanger 26. 24 and the flow regulating valve 25 can perform the same action. In addition, although the case where two intermediate heat exchangers 15 are provided has been described as an example, of course, the number is not limited, and three or more intermediate heat exchangers 15 may be provided as long as the heat medium can be cooled or/and heated.

另外，示出了在第2中继单元3b的内部配置流量调节阀25、第3温度传感器33和第4温度传感器34的情形，但也可以把它们之中的一部分或全部配置在室内机2内。把它们配置在第2中继单元3b内时，由于把热介质侧的阀、泵等集中在同一框体内，所以，具有容易维护的优点。另一方面，在把它们配置在室内机2内时，可以与已往的直接膨胀式室内机的膨胀阀同样地使用，所以容易使用，并且，由于设置在使用侧热交换器26的附近，所以，不会受到延长配管的热损失的影响，室内机2内的热负荷的控制性好。In addition, the flow regulating valve 25, the third temperature sensor 33, and the fourth temperature sensor 34 are arranged inside the second relay unit 3b, but some or all of them may be arranged in the indoor unit 2. Inside. When they are arranged in the second relay unit 3b, since the valves and pumps on the heat medium side are integrated in the same housing, there is an advantage of easy maintenance. On the other hand, when they are arranged in the indoor unit 2, they can be used in the same way as the expansion valve of the conventional direct expansion indoor unit, so it is easy to use, and since they are installed near the heat exchanger 26 on the use side, , will not be affected by the heat loss of the extension pipe, and the controllability of the heat load in the indoor unit 2 is good.

如上所述，实施方式1的空气调节装置100，把冷冻循环回路的热能或/和冷能经由多个中间热交换器15传递到使用侧热交换器26，所以，可以把室外侧框体(热源装置1)设置在室外侧的室外空间6，把室内侧框体(室内机2)设置在室内侧的居住空间7，把热介质变换框体(中继单元3)设置在非居住空间50，可以防止热源侧制冷剂进入居住空间7，提高系统的安全性及可靠性。As described above, the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment transmits the thermal energy or/and cold energy of the refrigeration cycle to the use-side heat exchanger 26 via the plurality of intermediate heat exchangers 15, so the outdoor frame ( The heat source device 1) is installed in the outdoor space 6 on the outdoor side, the indoor frame (indoor unit 2) is installed in the indoor living space 7, and the heat medium conversion frame (relay unit 3) is installed in the non-residential space 50 , can prevent the heat source side refrigerant from entering the living space 7, and improve the safety and reliability of the system.

另外，空气调节装置100，使水、盐水等热介质在热介质循环回路流动，所以，可大幅度地减少热源侧制冷剂量，可大幅度地降低制冷剂泄漏时对环境的影响。另外，空气调节装置100，通过用2根热介质配管(配管5)将中继单元3与多个室内机2的各个连接，可减小水的传送动力，节能而且设置工程容易。另外，空气调节装置100，通过限制中继单元3和室内机2的关系、水管62的水管水的供水压，可以使膨胀箱60小型化，最终可以使中继单元3小型化，容易处理。In addition, the air-conditioning apparatus 100 makes heat medium such as water and salt water flow in the heat medium circulation circuit, so the amount of refrigerant on the heat source side can be greatly reduced, and the impact on the environment when the refrigerant leaks can be greatly reduced. In addition, in the air conditioner 100, by connecting the relay unit 3 and each of the plurality of indoor units 2 with two heat medium pipes (pipes 5), the transmission power of water can be reduced, saving energy, and the installation process is easy. In addition, the air conditioner 100 can reduce the size of the expansion tank 60 by limiting the relationship between the relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 and the water supply pressure of the water pipe 62, and finally the relay unit 3 can be miniaturized and handled easily.

实施方式2Embodiment 2

图11是表示本发明的实施方式2的空气调节装置200的回路结构的回路图。下面，根据图11，说明空气调节装置200的回路结构。该空气调节装置200，与空气调节装置100同样地利用使制冷剂(热源侧制冷剂及热介质(水、防冻液等))循环的冷冻循环(冷冻循环回路及热介质循环回路)，进行制冷运转或供热运转。该空气调节装置200，在制冷剂配管是3管方式的方面，与实施方式1的空气调节装置100是不同的。另外，在实施方式2中，以与实施方式1的不同点为中心进行说明，与实施方式1相同的部分注以相同的标记，其说明从略。FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus 200 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Next, the circuit configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 11 . The air-conditioning apparatus 200 refrigerates using a refrigeration cycle (a refrigeration cycle circuit and a heat medium circulation circuit) that circulates a refrigerant (a heat-source-side refrigerant and a heat medium (water, antifreeze, etc.)) in the same manner as the air-conditioning apparatus 100 . running or heating. This air-conditioning apparatus 200 is different from the air-conditioning apparatus 100 of Embodiment 1 in that the refrigerant piping is a three-pipe system. In addition, in Embodiment 2, the difference from Embodiment 1 will be mainly described, and the same parts as Embodiment 1 will be assigned the same symbols, and the description will be omitted.

如图11所示，空气调节装置200具有作为热源机的一台热源装置101、多台室内机102、和介于热源装置101与室内机102之间的中继单元103。中继单元103在热源侧制冷剂和热介质进行热交换。热源装置101和中继单元103由导通热源侧制冷剂的制冷剂配管108连接，中继单元103和室内机102由导通热介质的配管5连接，把在热源装置101生成的冷能或热能配送到室内机102。另外，热源装置101、室内机102和中继单元103的连接台数并不局限于图示的台数。As shown in FIG. 11 , the air conditioner 200 has one heat source device 101 as a heat source device, a plurality of indoor units 102 , and a relay unit 103 interposed between the heat source device 101 and the indoor units 102 . The relay unit 103 performs heat exchange between the refrigerant and the heat medium on the heat source side. The heat source device 101 and the relay unit 103 are connected by the refrigerant pipe 108 that conducts the heat source side refrigerant, and the relay unit 103 and the indoor unit 102 are connected by the pipe 5 that conducts the heat medium, and the cooling energy generated in the heat source device 101 or The thermal energy is distributed to the indoor unit 102 . In addition, the number of connected heat source devices 101, indoor units 102, and relay units 103 is not limited to the number shown in the figure.

热源装置101，如图1所示那样地配置在室外空间6，通过中继单元103向室内机102供给冷能或热能。室内机102，如图1所示那样地配置在居住空间7，把制冷用空气或供热用空气供给到作为空调对象区域的居住空间7。中继单元103，与热源装置101及室内机102分体地构成，配置在非居住空间50，连接热源装置101和室内机102，把从热源装置101供给的冷能或热能传递到室内机102。The heat source device 101 is arranged in the outdoor space 6 as shown in FIG. 1 , and supplies cooling energy or heating energy to the indoor unit 102 through the relay unit 103 . The indoor unit 102 is arranged in the living space 7 as shown in FIG. 1 , and supplies cooling air or heating air to the living space 7 which is an area to be air-conditioned. The relay unit 103 is configured separately from the heat source device 101 and the indoor unit 102, is arranged in the non-residential space 50, connects the heat source device 101 and the indoor unit 102, and transfers the cold energy or heat energy supplied from the heat source device 101 to the indoor unit 102. .

热源装置101和中继单元103用3根制冷剂配管108(制冷剂配管108a～108c)连接。另外，中继单元103和各室内机102分别由2根配管5连接。这样，空气调节装置200的施工容易。即，热源装置101和中继单元103经由中继单元103所具有的第1中间热交换器15a及第2中间热交换器15b连接。中继单元103和室内机102也经由第1中间热交换器15a及第2中间热交换器15b连接。下面，说明设在空气调节装置200的各构成设备的结构及功能。The heat source device 101 and the relay unit 103 are connected by three refrigerant pipes 108 (refrigerant pipes 108a to 108c). In addition, the relay unit 103 and each indoor unit 102 are connected by two pipes 5, respectively. In this way, the construction of the air-conditioning apparatus 200 is easy. That is, the heat source device 101 and the relay unit 103 are connected via the first intermediate heat exchanger 15 a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15 b included in the relay unit 103 . The relay unit 103 and the indoor unit 102 are also connected via the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b. Next, the configuration and function of each component device provided in the air-conditioning apparatus 200 will be described.

[热源装置101][Heat source device 101]

在热源装置101，收容着用制冷剂配管108连接的压缩机110、油分离器111、止回阀113、作为制冷剂流路切换装置的三通阀104(三通阀104a及三通阀104b)、热源侧热交换器105和膨胀阀106。另外，在热源装置101设有二通阀107(二通阀107a、二通阀107b和二通阀107c)。在该热源装置101中，通过控制三通阀104a及三通阀104b来决定热源侧制冷剂的流动方向。In the heat source device 101, a compressor 110 connected by a refrigerant pipe 108, an oil separator 111, a check valve 113, and a three-way valve 104 (three-way valve 104a and three-way valve 104b) serving as a refrigerant flow switching device are accommodated. , heat source side heat exchanger 105 and expansion valve 106 . In addition, the heat source device 101 is provided with two-way valves 107 (two-way valve 107a, two-way valve 107b, and two-way valve 107c). In this heat source device 101, the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is determined by controlling the three-way valve 104a and the three-way valve 104b.

压缩机110吸入热源侧制冷剂，将该热源侧制冷剂压缩而成为高温、高压的状态，例如可以由可控制容量的变频压缩机等构成。油分离器111设在压缩机110的排出侧，把从压缩机110排出的制冷剂所含的冷冻机油分离出来。止回阀113设在油分离器111的下游侧，只容许经过了油分离器111的热源侧制冷剂的流动朝向规定的方向(从油分离器111朝向三通阀104的方向)。The compressor 110 sucks in the heat source side refrigerant, compresses the heat source side refrigerant to a high temperature and high pressure state, and may be constituted by, for example, a capacity-controllable inverter compressor or the like. The oil separator 111 is provided on the discharge side of the compressor 110 and separates refrigerating machine oil contained in the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110 . Check valve 113 is provided on the downstream side of oil separator 111 and allows only a predetermined direction (direction from oil separator 111 to three-way valve 104 ) of the heat source side refrigerant passing through oil separator 111 .

三通阀104用于切换供热运转时的热源侧制冷剂的流动和制冷运转时的热源侧制冷剂的流动。三通阀104a设置于在止回阀113的下游侧分支的制冷剂配管108中的一方上，三通中的一方与止回阀113连接，一方经由二通阀107b与中间热交换器15连接，一方经由二通阀107c与中间热交换器15连接。三通阀104b设置于在止回阀113的下游侧分支的制冷剂配管108的另一方上，三通中的一方与止回阀113连接，一方与热源侧热交换器105连接，一方与压缩机110及三通阀104a和二通阀107c之间的制冷剂配管108连接。The three-way valve 104 is used to switch the flow of the heat source side refrigerant during the heating operation and the flow of the heat source side refrigerant during the cooling operation. The three-way valve 104a is provided on one of the refrigerant pipes 108 branched on the downstream side of the check valve 113, one of the three-way is connected to the check valve 113, and the other is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 15 via the two-way valve 107b. , and one side is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 15 via the two-way valve 107c. The three-way valve 104b is provided on the other side of the refrigerant piping 108 branched on the downstream side of the check valve 113. One of the three-way valves is connected to the check valve 113, one is connected to the heat source side heat exchanger 105, and the other is connected to the compressor. The refrigerant piping 108 between the machine 110 and the three-way valve 104a and the two-way valve 107c is connected.

热源侧热交换器105，在供热运转时起到蒸发器的作用，在制冷运转时起到冷凝器的作用，在从图示省略的风扇等送风机供给的空气与热源侧制冷剂之间进行热交换，将该热源侧制冷剂蒸发气化或冷凝液化。膨胀阀106设在连接热源侧热交换器105和中间热交换器15的制冷剂配管108上，起到减压阀、节流装置的作用，使热源侧制冷剂减压、膨胀。膨胀阀106可以由能可变地控制开度的例如电子式膨胀阀等构成。The heat source side heat exchanger 105 functions as an evaporator during the heating operation and as a condenser during the cooling operation, and conducts heat transfer between air supplied from a blower such as a fan (not shown) and the heat source side refrigerant. Heat exchange, the refrigerant on the heat source side evaporates into gasification or condenses into liquefaction. The expansion valve 106 is provided on the refrigerant pipe 108 connecting the heat source side heat exchanger 105 and the intermediate heat exchanger 15, and functions as a pressure reducing valve and a throttling device to decompress and expand the heat source side refrigerant. The expansion valve 106 can be composed of, for example, an electronic expansion valve whose opening degree can be variably controlled.

二通阀107用于开闭制冷剂配管108。二通阀107a设在膨胀阀106与后述的膨胀阀203之间的制冷剂配管108a。二通阀107b设在三通阀104a与后述的二通阀204b之间的制冷剂配管108b。二通阀107c设在三通阀104a与后述的二通阀205b之间的制冷剂配管108c。制冷剂配管108a是高压液体配管，制冷剂配管108b是高压气体配管，制冷剂配管108c是低压气体配管。The two-way valve 107 is used to open and close the refrigerant piping 108 . The two-way valve 107a is provided in a refrigerant pipe 108a between the expansion valve 106 and an expansion valve 203 described later. The two-way valve 107b is provided in the refrigerant pipe 108b between the three-way valve 104a and a two-way valve 204b described later. The two-way valve 107c is provided in the refrigerant piping 108c between the three-way valve 104a and a two-way valve 205b described later. The refrigerant pipe 108a is a high-pressure liquid pipe, the refrigerant pipe 108b is a high-pressure gas pipe, and the refrigerant pipe 108c is a low-pressure gas pipe.

[室内机102][Indoor unit 102]

在各室内机102分别搭载有使用侧热交换器26。该使用侧热交换器26经由配管5与中继单元103的截止阀24及流量调节阀25连接。在该图11中，表示了以6台室内机102与中继单元103连接为例的情况，从图面下方起依次示出室内机102a、室内机102b、室内机102c、室内机102d、室内机102e、室内机102f。A use-side heat exchanger 26 is mounted on each indoor unit 102 . The use-side heat exchanger 26 is connected to the shutoff valve 24 and the flow control valve 25 of the relay unit 103 through the pipe 5 . In this Fig. 11, the case where six indoor units 102 are connected to the relay unit 103 is shown as an example, and the indoor unit 102a, the indoor unit 102b, the indoor unit 102c, the indoor unit 102d, the indoor machine 102e, indoor unit 102f.

另外，使用侧热交换器26与室内机102a～102f相对应地，从图面下方起也依次示出使用侧热交换器26a、使用侧热交换器26b、使用侧热交换器26c、使用侧热交换器26d、使用侧热交换器26e、使用侧热交换器26f。另外，与实施方式1同样地，室内机102的连接台数并不局限于图11所示的6台。另外，使用侧热交换器26与收容在实施方式1的空气调节装置100的室内机2的使用侧热交换器相同。In addition, the use-side heat exchanger 26 corresponds to the indoor units 102a to 102f, and sequentially shows a use-side heat exchanger 26a, a use-side heat exchanger 26b, a use-side heat exchanger 26c, and a use-side heat exchanger from the bottom of the drawing. Heat exchanger 26d, use-side heat exchanger 26e, and use-side heat exchanger 26f. In addition, similarly to Embodiment 1, the number of connected indoor units 102 is not limited to six as shown in FIG. 11 . In addition, the use-side heat exchanger 26 is the same as the use-side heat exchanger housed in the indoor unit 2 of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment.

[中继单元103][relay unit 103]

在中继单元103设有2个膨胀阀203、2个中间热交换器15、2个二通阀204、2个二通阀205、2个泵21、6个流路切换阀22、6个流路切换阀23、6个截止阀24和6个流量调节阀25。另外，中间热交换器15、泵21、流路切换阀22、流路切换阀23、截止阀24和流量调节阀25，与收容在实施方式1的空气调节装置100的第2中继单元3b的部件相同。The relay unit 103 is provided with 2 expansion valves 203, 2 intermediate heat exchangers 15, 2 two-way valves 204, 2 two-way valves 205, 2 pumps 21, 6 flow path switching valves 22, and 6 Flow path switching valve 23 , six cut-off valves 24 and six flow regulating valves 25 . In addition, the intermediate heat exchanger 15, the pump 21, the channel switching valve 22, the channel switching valve 23, the shutoff valve 24, and the flow regulating valve 25 are connected to the second relay unit 3b housed in the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment. parts are the same.

2个膨胀阀203(膨胀阀203a及膨胀阀203b)起到减压阀、节流装置的作用，将热源侧制冷剂减压，使其膨胀。膨胀阀203a设在二通阀107a与第1中间热交换器15a之间。膨胀阀203b与膨胀阀203a并列地设置在二通阀107a与第2中间热交换器15b之间。2个膨胀阀203可以由能可变地控制开度的例如电子式膨胀阀等构成。The two expansion valves 203 (expansion valve 203a and expansion valve 203b) function as pressure reducing valves and throttling devices, and decompress and expand the heat source side refrigerant. The expansion valve 203a is provided between the two-way valve 107a and the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a. The expansion valve 203b is provided in parallel with the expansion valve 203a between the two-way valve 107a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b. The two expansion valves 203 may be composed of, for example, electronic expansion valves whose opening degrees can be variably controlled.

2个二通阀204(二通阀204a及二通阀204b)用于开闭制冷剂配管108。二通阀204a设在二通阀107b与第1中间热交换器15a之间的制冷剂配管108b。二通阀204b与二通阀204a并列地设在二通阀107b与第2中间热交换器15b之间的制冷剂配管108b。另外，二通阀204a设在从二通阀107b与二通阀204b之间的制冷剂配管108b分支的制冷剂配管108b。The two two-way valves 204 (two-way valve 204 a and two-way valve 204 b ) are used to open and close the refrigerant pipe 108 . The two-way valve 204a is provided in the refrigerant pipe 108b between the two-way valve 107b and the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a. The two-way valve 204b is provided in parallel with the two-way valve 204a on the refrigerant pipe 108b between the two-way valve 107b and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b. Moreover, the two-way valve 204a is provided in the refrigerant piping 108b branched from the refrigerant piping 108b between the two-way valve 107b and the two-way valve 204b.

2个二通阀205(二通阀205a及二通阀205b)用于开闭制冷剂配管108。二通阀205a设在二通阀107c与第1中间热交换器15a之间的制冷剂配管108c。二通阀205b与二通阀205a并列地设在二通阀107c与第2中间热交换器15b之间的制冷剂配管108c。另外，二通阀205a设在从二通阀107c与二通阀205b之间的制冷剂配管108c分支的制冷剂配管108c。The two two-way valves 205 (two-way valve 205 a and two-way valve 205 b ) are used to open and close the refrigerant pipe 108 . The two-way valve 205a is provided in the refrigerant piping 108c between the two-way valve 107c and the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a. The two-way valve 205b is provided in parallel with the two-way valve 205a on the refrigerant pipe 108c between the two-way valve 107c and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b. Moreover, the two-way valve 205a is provided in the refrigerant piping 108c branched from the refrigerant piping 108c between the two-way valve 107c and the two-way valve 205b.

另外，在中继单元103，如实施方式1的空气调节装置100的第2中继单元3b那样，设有2个第1温度传感器31、2个第2温度传感器32、6个第3温度传感器33、6个第4温度传感器34、第5温度传感器35、第1压力传感器36、第6温度传感器37和第7温度传感器38。另外，在中继单元103设有第8温度传感器39和第2压力传感器40。这些检测机构检测到的信息被送到统一控制整个空气调节装置200的图示省略的控制装置，用于压缩机110、泵21的驱动频率、流过配管5的热介质的流路切换等的控制。In addition, in the relay unit 103, like the second relay unit 3b of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 of Embodiment 1, two first temperature sensors 31, two second temperature sensors 32, and six third temperature sensors are provided. 33. Six fourth temperature sensors 34, fifth temperature sensors 35, first pressure sensors 36, sixth temperature sensors 37, and seventh temperature sensors 38. In addition, the relay unit 103 is provided with an eighth temperature sensor 39 and a second pressure sensor 40 . The information detected by these detection mechanisms is sent to a control device (not shown) that collectively controls the entire air-conditioning apparatus 200, and is used for the driving frequency of the compressor 110 and the pump 21, the flow path switching of the heat medium flowing through the piping 5, and the like. control.

第8温度传感器39设在第1中间热交换器15a的热源侧制冷剂流路的入口侧，用于检测流入第1中间热交换器15a的热源侧制冷剂的温度，可由热敏电阻等构成。第2压力传感器40设在第2中间热交换器15b的热源侧制冷剂流路的出口侧，用于检测从第2中间热交换器15b流出的热源侧制冷剂的压力。另外，第1压力传感器36起到加热用压力传感器的作用，第2压力传感器40起到冷却用压力检测机构的作用。The eighth temperature sensor 39 is provided on the inlet side of the heat-source-side refrigerant flow path of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, and is used to detect the temperature of the heat-source-side refrigerant flowing into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, and may be composed of a thermistor or the like. . The second pressure sensor 40 is provided on the outlet side of the heat source side refrigerant passage of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, and detects the pressure of the heat source side refrigerant flowing out of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b. In addition, the first pressure sensor 36 functions as a heating pressure sensor, and the second pressure sensor 40 functions as a cooling pressure detection means.

在该空气调节装置200中，用制冷剂配管108，将压缩机110、油分离器111、热源侧热交换器105、膨胀阀106、第1中间热交换器15a和第2中间热交换器15b串联连接，构成冷冻循环回路。另外，用配管5a依次将第1中间热交换器15a、第1泵21a及使用侧热交换器26串联连接，构成热介质循环回路。同样地，用配管5b依次将第2中间热交换器15b、第2泵21b及使用侧热交换器26串联连接，构成热介质循环回路。In this air-conditioning apparatus 200, the compressor 110, the oil separator 111, the heat source side heat exchanger 105, the expansion valve 106, the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b are connected through the refrigerant piping 108. Connected in series to form a refrigeration cycle. In addition, the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, the first pump 21a, and the use-side heat exchanger 26 are sequentially connected in series through the piping 5a to constitute a heat medium circulation circuit. Similarly, the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, the second pump 21b, and the use-side heat exchanger 26 are sequentially connected in series through the piping 5b to constitute a heat medium circulation circuit.

即，在空气调节装置200中，热源装置101和中继单元103经由设在中继单元103的第1中间热交换器15a及第2中间热交换器15b连接，中继单元103和室内机102由第1中间热交换器15a及第2中间热交换器15b连接，作为在冷冻循环回路中循环的初级侧的制冷剂的热源侧制冷剂和作为在热介质循环回路中循环的次级侧的制冷剂的热介质，在第1中间热交换器15a和第2中间热交换器15b进行热交换。That is, in the air conditioner 200, the heat source device 101 and the relay unit 103 are connected via the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b provided in the relay unit 103, and the relay unit 103 and the indoor unit 102 Connected by the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, the heat source side refrigerant which is the primary side refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration cycle and the secondary side refrigerant which is circulated in the heat medium circuit are connected. The heat medium of the refrigerant exchanges heat between the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b.

在此，说明空气调节装置200执行的各运转模式。Here, each operation mode performed by the air-conditioning apparatus 200 will be described.

该空气调节装置200，按照来自各室内机102的指示，可在室内机102进行制冷运转或供热运转。即，空气调节装置200，可以用全部室内机102进行相同的运转，也可用各个室内机102分别进行不同的运转。下面，说明在空气调节装置200执行的4个运转模式中、即在全制冷运转模式、全供热运转模式、主要制冷运转模式、主要供热运转模式中，制冷剂的流动。In this air-conditioning apparatus 200, according to instructions from each indoor unit 102, the indoor unit 102 can perform a cooling operation or a heating operation. That is, the air-conditioning apparatus 200 may perform the same operation with all the indoor units 102, or may perform different operations with each indoor unit 102, respectively. Next, the flow of the refrigerant in the four operation modes executed by the air-conditioning apparatus 200 , namely, the cooling only operation mode, the heating only operation mode, the cooling main operation mode, and the heating main operation mode will be described.

[全制冷运转模式][Full cooling operation mode]

图12是表示空气调节装置200的全制冷运转模式时的制冷剂流动的制冷剂回路图。在该图12中，以全部的使用侧热交换器26a～26f都产生冷能负荷的情形为例，说明全制冷运转模式。另外，在图12中，用粗线表示的配管是制冷剂(热源侧制冷剂及热介质)循环的配管。另外，用实线箭头表示热源侧制冷剂的流动方向，用虚线箭头表示热介质的流动方向。FIG. 12 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the refrigerant flow in the cooling only operation mode of the air-conditioning apparatus 200 . In FIG. 12 , the cooling only operation mode will be described by taking a case where all the use-side heat exchangers 26a to 26f generate cooling energy loads as an example. In addition, in FIG. 12 , pipes indicated by thick lines are pipes through which refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) circulates. In addition, the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a dotted line arrow.

在图12所示的全制冷运转模式时，在热源装置101中，切换三通阀104b，使得从压缩机110排出的热源侧制冷剂流入热源侧热交换器105，切换三通阀104a，使得经过了第2中间热交换器15b的热源侧制冷剂被吸入压缩机110，开放二通阀107a及二通阀107c，关闭二通阀107b。在中继单元103，停止第1泵21a，驱动第2泵21b，开放截止阀24，热介质在第2中间热交换器15b与各使用侧热交换器26之间循环。在该状态下，开始压缩机110的运转。In the cooling only operation mode shown in FIG. 12, in the heat source device 101, the three-way valve 104b is switched so that the heat-source-side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110 flows into the heat-source-side heat exchanger 105, and the three-way valve 104a is switched so that The heat source side refrigerant passing through the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b is sucked into the compressor 110, the two-way valve 107a and the two-way valve 107c are opened, and the two-way valve 107b is closed. In the relay unit 103 , the first pump 21 a is stopped, the second pump 21 b is driven, the shutoff valve 24 is opened, and the heat medium circulates between the second intermediate heat exchanger 15 b and each use-side heat exchanger 26 . In this state, the operation of the compressor 110 is started.

首先说明冷冻循环回路的热源侧制冷剂的流动。First, the flow of refrigerant on the heat source side of the refrigeration cycle will be described.

低温、低压的制冷剂由压缩机110压缩而成为高温、高压的气体制冷剂后排出。从压缩机110排出的高温、高压的气体制冷剂，经由三通阀104b，流入热源侧热交换器105。然后，在热源侧热交换器105，一边向室外空气散热一边冷凝液化而成为高压液体制冷剂。从热源侧热交换器105流出的高压液体制冷剂，通过二通阀107a从热源装置101流出，通过制冷剂配管108a流入中继单元103。流入中继单元103的高压液体制冷剂，在膨胀阀203b被节流而膨胀，成为低温、低压的气液二相制冷剂。The low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 110 to become a high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant, and then discharged. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 105 through the three-way valve 104b. Then, in the heat source side heat exchanger 105 , it is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the outdoor air to become a high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The high-pressure liquid refrigerant flowing out of the heat source side heat exchanger 105 flows out of the heat source device 101 through the two-way valve 107a, and flows into the relay unit 103 through the refrigerant pipe 108a. The high-pressure liquid refrigerant flowing into the relay unit 103 is throttled and expanded by the expansion valve 203b to become a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant.

该气液二相制冷剂流入起蒸发器作用的第2中间热交换器15b，从在热介质循环回路循环的热介质中吸热，从而一边将热介质冷却一边成为低温、低压的气体制冷剂。从第2中间热交换器15b流出的气体制冷剂，通过二通阀205b从中继单元103流出，通过制冷剂配管108c流入热源装置101。流入到热源装置101的制冷剂，通过二通阀107c，再次被吸入压缩机110。This gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flows into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b functioning as an evaporator, absorbs heat from the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit, and turns the heat medium into a low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant while cooling the heat medium. . The gas refrigerant flowing out of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b flows out of the relay unit 103 through the two-way valve 205b, and flows into the heat source device 101 through the refrigerant pipe 108c. The refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source device 101 is sucked into the compressor 110 again through the two-way valve 107c.

下面，说明热介质循环回路的热介质的流动。Next, the flow of the heat medium in the heat medium circulation circuit will be described.

在全制冷运转模式中，由于第1泵21a停止，所以，热介质经由配管5b循环。在第2中间热交换器15b由热源侧制冷剂冷却了的热介质，借助第2泵21b在配管5b内流动。在第2泵21b被加压而流出的热介质，经由流路切换阀22，通过截止阀24，流入各使用侧热交换器26。然后，在使用侧热交换器26，从室内空气吸热，对设置着室内机102的室内等空调对象区域进行制冷。In the cooling only operation mode, since the first pump 21a is stopped, the heat medium circulates through the piping 5b. The heat medium cooled by the heat source side refrigerant in the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b flows through the pipe 5b by the second pump 21b. The heat medium that has been pressurized by the second pump 21 b and flowed out passes through the flow path switching valve 22 , passes through the shutoff valve 24 , and flows into each use-side heat exchanger 26 . Then, the use-side heat exchanger 26 absorbs heat from the indoor air, and cools an air-conditioned area such as a room where the indoor unit 102 is installed.

然后，从各使用侧热交换器26流出的热介质流入流量调节阀25。这时，借助流量调节阀25的作用，只是为了供给室内等空调对象区域所需的空调负荷而需要的流量的热介质，流入使用侧热交换器26，其余的热介质通过旁路27旁通使用侧热交换器26地流动。通过旁路27的热介质不参与热交换，与经过了使用侧热交换器26的热介质合流，通过流路切换阀23，流入第2中间热交换器15b，再被吸入第2泵21b。另外，将第3温度传感器33和第4温度传感器34的温度差控制保持在目标值，从而可以供给室内等空调对象区域所需的空调负荷。Then, the heat medium flowing out from each use-side heat exchanger 26 flows into the flow rate adjustment valve 25 . At this time, with the help of the flow regulating valve 25, only the heat medium of the flow rate required to supply the air-conditioning load required by the air-conditioning target area such as indoors flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26, and the rest of the heat medium is bypassed through the bypass 27. Use side heat exchanger 26 to flow. The heat medium passing through the bypass 27 does not participate in heat exchange, but merges with the heat medium passing through the use-side heat exchanger 26, passes through the channel switching valve 23, flows into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, and is sucked into the second pump 21b. In addition, by controlling and maintaining the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor 33 and the fourth temperature sensor 34 at a target value, the air-conditioning load required for an air-conditioning target area such as a room can be supplied.

[全供热运转模式][Full heating operation mode]

图13是表示空气调节装置200的全供热运转模式时的制冷剂流动的制冷剂回路图。在该图13中，以全部的使用侧热交换器26a～26f都产生热能负荷的情形为例，说明全供热运转模式。另外，在图13中，用粗线表示的配管是制冷剂(热源侧制冷剂及热介质)循环的配管。另外，用实线箭头表示热源侧制冷剂的流动方向，用虚线箭头表示热介质的流动方向。FIG. 13 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the refrigerant flow in the heating only operation mode of the air-conditioning apparatus 200 . In this FIG. 13 , the heating only operation mode will be described by taking a case where all the use-side heat exchangers 26 a to 26 f generate thermal energy loads as an example. In addition, in FIG. 13 , pipes indicated by thick lines are pipes through which refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) circulates. In addition, the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a dotted line arrow.

在图13所示的全供热运转模式时，在热源装置101中，切换三通阀104a，使得从压缩机110排出的热源侧制冷剂流入第1中间热交换器15a，切换三通阀104b，使得经过了热源侧热交换器105的热源侧制冷剂被吸入压缩机110，开放二通阀107a及二通阀107b，关闭二通阀107c。在中继单元103，驱动第1泵21a，停止第2泵21b，开放截止阀24，热介质在第2中间热交换器15b与各使用侧热交换器26之间循环。在该状态下，开始压缩机110的运转。In the heating only operation mode shown in FIG. 13, in the heat source device 101, the three-way valve 104a is switched so that the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110 flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, and the three-way valve 104b is switched. , the heat source side refrigerant passing through the heat source side heat exchanger 105 is sucked into the compressor 110, the two-way valve 107a and the two-way valve 107b are opened, and the two-way valve 107c is closed. In the relay unit 103 , the first pump 21 a is driven, the second pump 21 b is stopped, the shutoff valve 24 is opened, and the heat medium circulates between the second intermediate heat exchanger 15 b and each use-side heat exchanger 26 . In this state, the operation of the compressor 110 is started.

首先说明冷冻循环回路的热源侧制冷剂的流动。First, the flow of refrigerant on the heat source side of the refrigeration cycle will be described.

低温、低压的制冷剂由压缩机110压缩而成为高温、高压的气体制冷剂后排出。从压缩机110排出的高温、高压的气体制冷剂，经由三通阀104a及二通阀107b从热源装置101流出，通过制冷剂配管108a流入中继单元103。流入到中继单元103的制冷剂，通过二通阀204a流入第1中间热交换器15a。流入到第1中间热交换器15a的高温、高压的气体制冷剂，一边向在热介质循环回路循环的热介质散热一边冷凝液化而成为高压的液体制冷剂。The low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 110 to become a high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant, and then discharged. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110 flows out of the heat source device 101 through the three-way valve 104a and the two-way valve 107b, and flows into the relay unit 103 through the refrigerant pipe 108a. The refrigerant that has flowed into the relay unit 103 flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a through the two-way valve 204a. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit to become a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.

从第1中间热交换器15a流出的高压的液体制冷剂，通过膨胀阀203a从中继单元103流出，通过制冷剂配管108a流入热源装置101。流入到热源装置101的制冷剂，通过二通阀107a流入膨胀阀106，在膨胀阀106被节流而膨胀，成为低温、低压的气液二相状态。在膨胀阀106被节流的气液二相状态的制冷剂，流入起蒸发器作用的热源侧热交换器105。流入到热源侧热交换器105的制冷剂，在热源侧热交换器105，从室外空气吸热，成为低温、低压的气体制冷剂。从热源侧热交换器105流出的低温、低压的气体制冷剂，经由三通阀104b返回压缩机110。The high-pressure liquid refrigerant flowing out of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a flows out of the relay unit 103 through the expansion valve 203a, and flows into the heat source device 101 through the refrigerant pipe 108a. The refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source device 101 flows into the expansion valve 106 through the two-way valve 107a, is throttled and expanded by the expansion valve 106, and becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase state. The refrigerant in the gas-liquid two-phase state throttled by the expansion valve 106 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 105 functioning as an evaporator. The refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source side heat exchanger 105 absorbs heat from the outdoor air in the heat source side heat exchanger 105 to become a low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant. The low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant flowing out of the heat source side heat exchanger 105 returns to the compressor 110 through the three-way valve 104b.

下面，说明热介质循环回路的热介质的流动。Next, the flow of the heat medium in the heat medium circulation circuit will be described.

在全供热运转模式中，由于第2泵21b停止，所以，热介质通过配管5b循环。在第1中间热交换器15a由热源侧制冷剂加热了的热介质，借助第1泵21a在配管5a内流动。在第1泵21a加压而流出的热介质，经由流路切换阀22，通过截止阀24，流入各使用侧热交换器26。然后，在使用侧热交换器26中，向室内空气散热，对设置着室内机2的室内等空调对象区域进行供热。In the heating only operation mode, since the second pump 21b is stopped, the heat medium circulates through the piping 5b. The heat medium heated by the heat source side refrigerant in the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a flows through the pipe 5a by the first pump 21a. The heat medium that has been pressurized by the first pump 21 a and flowed out passes through the flow path switching valve 22 , passes through the shutoff valve 24 , and flows into each use-side heat exchanger 26 . Then, in the use-side heat exchanger 26 , heat is released to the indoor air, and heat is supplied to an air-conditioning target area such as a room where the indoor unit 2 is installed.

然后，从使用侧热交换器26流出的热介质流入流量调节阀25。这时，借助流量调节阀25的作用，只是为了供给室内等空调对象区域所需的空调负荷而需要的流量的热介质，流入使用侧热交换器26，其余的热介质通过旁路27旁通使用侧热交换器26地流动。通过旁路27的热介质不参与热交换，与经过了使用侧热交换器26的热介质合流，通过流路切换阀23，流入第1中间热交换器15a，再被吸入第1泵21a。另外，将第3温度传感器33和第4温度传感器34的温度差控制保持在目标值，从而可以供给室内等空调对象区域所需的空调负荷。Then, the heat medium flowing out of the use-side heat exchanger 26 flows into the flow rate regulating valve 25 . At this time, with the help of the flow regulating valve 25, only the heat medium of the flow rate required to supply the air-conditioning load required by the air-conditioning target area such as indoors flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26, and the rest of the heat medium is bypassed through the bypass 27. Use side heat exchanger 26 to flow. The heat medium passing through the bypass 27 does not participate in heat exchange, but merges with the heat medium passing through the use-side heat exchanger 26, passes through the flow path switching valve 23, flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, and is sucked into the first pump 21a. In addition, by controlling and maintaining the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor 33 and the fourth temperature sensor 34 at a target value, the air-conditioning load required for an air-conditioning target area such as a room can be supplied.

[主要制冷运转模式][Main cooling operation mode]

图14是表示空气调节装置200的主要制冷运转模式时的制冷剂的流动的制冷剂回路图。在该图14中，以在使用侧热交换器26a及使用侧热交换器26b产生热能负荷、在使用侧热交换器26c～26f产生冷能负荷的情形为例，说明主要制冷运转模式。另外，在图14中，用粗线表示的配管是制冷剂(热源侧制冷剂及热介质)循环的配管。另外，用实线箭头表示热源侧制冷剂的流动方向，用虚线箭头表示热介质的流动方向。FIG. 14 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the flow of the refrigerant during the cooling main operation mode of the air-conditioning apparatus 200 . In FIG. 14 , the main cooling operation mode will be described by taking, as an example, a case where heating loads are generated in the use-side heat exchangers 26a and 26b and cooling loads are generated in the use-side heat exchangers 26c to 26f. In addition, in FIG. 14 , pipes indicated by thick lines are pipes through which refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) circulates. In addition, the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a dotted line arrow.

在图14所示的主要制冷运转模式时，在热源装置101中，切换三通阀104a，使得从压缩机110排出的热源侧制冷剂流入第1中间热交换器15a，切换三通阀104b，使得从压缩机110排出的热源侧制冷剂，流入热源侧热交换器105，开放二通阀107a～107c。在中继单元103，驱动第1泵21a和第2泵21b，开放截止阀24，热介质在第1中间热交换器15a与使用侧热交换器26a及使用侧热交换器26b之间、在第2中间热交换器15b与使用侧热交换器26c～26f之间循环。在该状态下，开始压缩机110的运转。In the main cooling operation mode shown in FIG. 14, in the heat source device 101, the three-way valve 104a is switched so that the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110 flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, and the three-way valve 104b is switched, The heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 105, and the two-way valves 107a to 107c are opened. In the relay unit 103, the first pump 21a and the second pump 21b are driven, the shutoff valve 24 is opened, and the heat medium flows between the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, the use-side heat exchanger 26a, and the use-side heat exchanger 26b. Circulation occurs between the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b and the use-side heat exchangers 26c to 26f. In this state, the operation of the compressor 110 is started.

首先说明冷冻循环回路的热源侧制冷剂的流动。First, the flow of refrigerant on the heat source side of the refrigeration cycle will be described.

低温、低压的制冷剂由压缩机110压缩而成为高温、高压的气体制冷剂后排出。从压缩机110排出的高温、高压的气体制冷剂在止回阀113的下游侧分流。分流后的一方制冷剂经由三通阀104b流入热源侧热交换器105。然后，在热源侧热交换器105，一边向室外空气散热一边冷凝液化，成为高压液体制冷剂。从热源侧热交换器105流出的高压液体制冷剂，通过二通阀107a从热源装置101流出，通过制冷剂配管108a流入中继单元103。The low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 110 to become a high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant, and then discharged. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110 is branched on the downstream side of the check valve 113 . The divided refrigerant flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 105 through the three-way valve 104b. Then, in the heat source side heat exchanger 105, it is condensed and liquefied while radiating heat to the outdoor air, and becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The high-pressure liquid refrigerant flowing out of the heat source side heat exchanger 105 flows out of the heat source device 101 through the two-way valve 107a, and flows into the relay unit 103 through the refrigerant pipe 108a.

分流后的另一方制冷剂，经由三通阀104a及二通阀107b流经制冷剂配管108b，流入中继单元103。流入到中继单元103的气体制冷剂，通过二通阀204a，流入第1中间热交换器15a。流入到第1中间热交换器15a的高温、高压的气体制冷剂，一边向在热介质循环回路内循环的热介质散热一边冷凝液化，成为高压的液体制冷剂。该液体制冷剂与通过制冷剂配管108a流入中继单元103的制冷剂合流。The branched refrigerant flows into the relay unit 103 through the refrigerant pipe 108b via the three-way valve 104a and the two-way valve 107b. The gas refrigerant that has flowed into the relay unit 103 flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a through the two-way valve 204a. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit, and becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant. This liquid refrigerant joins the refrigerant flowing into the relay unit 103 through the refrigerant pipe 108a.

合流后的液体制冷剂，在膨胀阀203b被节流而膨胀，成为低温、低压的气液二相制冷剂，然后，流入起蒸发器作用的第2中间热交换器15b，在第2中间热交换器15b，从在热介质循环回路内循环的热介质吸热，从而一边将热介质冷却一边成为低温、低压的气体制冷剂。从第2中间热交换器15b流出的气体制冷剂，通过二通阀205b从中继单元103流出，再通过制冷剂配管108c流入热源装置101。流入到热源装置101的制冷剂，经由二通阀107c，再次被吸入压缩机110。The combined liquid refrigerant is throttled and expanded by the expansion valve 203b, and becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, and then flows into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b which acts as an evaporator, and heats up in the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b. The exchanger 15b absorbs heat from the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit, and turns the heat medium into a low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant while cooling the heat medium. The gas refrigerant flowing out of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b flows out of the relay unit 103 through the two-way valve 205b, and flows into the heat source device 101 through the refrigerant pipe 108c. The refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source device 101 is sucked into the compressor 110 again through the two-way valve 107c.

下面，说明热介质循环回路的热介质的流动。Next, the flow of the heat medium in the heat medium circulation circuit will be described.

在主要制冷运转模式中，由于第1泵21a和第2泵21b都驱动，所以，热介质通过配管5a及配管5b二者循环。在第1中间热交换器15a由热源侧制冷剂加热了的热介质，借助第1泵21a在配管5a内流动。另外，在第2中间热交换器15b由热源侧制冷剂冷却了的热介质，借助第2泵21b在配管5b内流动。In the cooling main operation mode, since both the first pump 21a and the second pump 21b are driven, the heat medium circulates through both the piping 5a and the piping 5b. The heat medium heated by the heat source side refrigerant in the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a flows through the pipe 5a by the first pump 21a. In addition, the heat medium cooled by the heat source side refrigerant in the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b flows through the pipe 5b by the second pump 21b.

在第1泵21a被加压而流出的热介质，经由流路切换阀22a及流路切换阀22b，通过截止阀24a及截止阀24b，流入使用侧热交换器26a及使用侧热交换器26b。然后，在使用侧热交换器26a及使用侧热交换器26b，向室内空气散热，对设置着室内机102的室内等的空调对象区域进行供热。另外，在第2泵21b被加压而流出的热介质，经由流路切换阀22c～22f，通过截止阀24c～24f，流入使用侧热交换器26c～26f。然后，在使用侧热交换器26c～26f，从室内空气吸热，对设置着室内机102的室内等的空调对象区域进行制冷。The heat medium that is pressurized and flowed out by the first pump 21a passes through the flow path switching valve 22a and the flow path switching valve 22b, passes through the stop valve 24a and the stop valve 24b, and flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26a and the use-side heat exchanger 26b. . Then, in the use-side heat exchanger 26a and the use-side heat exchanger 26b, heat is released to the indoor air, and heat is supplied to an air-conditioning target area such as a room where the indoor unit 102 is installed. In addition, the heat medium that has been pressurized and flowed out by the second pump 21b passes through the flow path switching valves 22c to 22f, passes through the shutoff valves 24c to 24f, and flows into the use side heat exchangers 26c to 26f. Then, the use-side heat exchangers 26c to 26f absorb heat from the indoor air to cool an air-conditioning target area such as a room where the indoor unit 102 is installed.

进行了供热后的热介质流入流量调节阀25a及流量调节阀25b。这时，借助流量调节阀25a及流量调节阀25b的作用，只是为了供给空调对象区域所需的空调负荷而需要的流量的热介质，流入使用侧热交换器26a及使用侧热交换器26b，其余的热介质通过旁路27a及旁路27b旁通使用侧热交换器26a及使用侧热交换器26b地流动。通过旁路27a及旁路27b的热介质不参与热交换，与经过了使用侧热交换器26a及使用侧热交换器26b的热介质合流，通过流路切换阀23a及流路切换阀23b，流入第1中间热交换器15a，再被吸入第1泵21a。The heated heat medium flows into the flow rate adjustment valve 25a and the flow rate adjustment valve 25b. At this time, only the heat medium of the flow rate required to supply the air-conditioning load required for the air-conditioning target area flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26a and the use-side heat exchanger 26b by the action of the flow rate adjustment valve 25a and the flow rate adjustment valve 25b, The remaining heat medium flows through the bypass 27a and the bypass 27b, bypassing the use-side heat exchanger 26a and the use-side heat exchanger 26b. The heat medium passing through the bypass 27a and the bypass 27b does not participate in heat exchange, but merges with the heat medium passing through the use-side heat exchanger 26a and the use-side heat exchanger 26b, passes through the flow path switching valve 23a and the flow path switching valve 23b, It flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, and is sucked into the first pump 21a.

同样地，进行了制冷后的热介质流入流量调节阀25c～25f。这时，借助流量调节阀25c～25f的作用，只是为了供给空调对象区域所需的空调负荷而需要的流量的热介质，流入使用侧热交换器26c～26f，其余的热介质通过旁路27c～27f旁通使用侧热交换器26c～26f地流动。通过旁路27c～27f的热介质不参与热交换，与经过了使用侧热交换器26c～26f的热介质合流，通过流路切换阀23c～23f，流入第2中间热交换器15b，再被吸入第2泵21b。Similarly, the cooled heat medium flows into the flow rate adjustment valves 25c to 25f. At this time, only the flow rate of the heat medium required to supply the air-conditioning load required by the air-conditioning target area flows into the use-side heat exchangers 26c-26f through the action of the flow rate regulating valves 25c-25f, and the rest of the heat medium passes through the bypass 27c. -27f flows by bypassing use side heat exchanger 26c-26f. The heat medium passing through the bypasses 27c-27f does not participate in heat exchange, but merges with the heat medium passing through the use-side heat exchangers 26c-26f, passes through the flow path switching valves 23c-23f, flows into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, and is then Inhale the second pump 21b.

在此期间，热的热介质(用于热能负荷的热介质)和冷的热介质(用于冷能负荷的热介质)，借助流路切换阀22a～22f和流路切换阀23a～23f的作用，流入有热能负荷的使用侧热交换器26a及使用侧热交换器26b、有冷能负荷的使用侧热交换器26c～使用侧热交换器26f而不混合。另外，将第3温度传感器33和第4温度传感器34的温度差控制保持在目标值，从而可以供给室内等空调对象区域所需的空调负荷。During this period, the hot heat medium (the heat medium used for the heat energy load) and the cold heat medium (the heat medium used for the cold energy load) are transferred through the flow path switching valves 22a to 22f and the flow path switching valves 23a to 23f. Functionally, it flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26a and the use-side heat exchanger 26b with the heating energy load, and the use-side heat exchanger 26c to the use-side heat exchanger 26f with the cooling energy load without mixing. In addition, by controlling and maintaining the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor 33 and the fourth temperature sensor 34 at a target value, the air-conditioning load required for an air-conditioning target area such as a room can be supplied.

[主要供热运转模式][Main heating operation mode]

图15是表示空气调节装置200的主要供热运转模式时的制冷剂流动的制冷剂回路图。在该图15中，以在使用侧热交换器26a～26d产生热能负荷、在使用侧热交换器26e及使用侧热交换器26f产生冷能负荷的情形为例，说明主要供热运转模式。另外，在图15中，用粗线表示的配管是制冷剂(热源侧制冷剂及热介质)循环的配管。另外，用实线箭头表示热源侧制冷剂的流动方向，用虚线箭头表示热介质的流动方向。FIG. 15 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the refrigerant flow during the heating main operation mode of the air-conditioning apparatus 200 . In FIG. 15 , the heating main operation mode will be described by taking, as an example, a case where heating loads are generated in use-side heat exchangers 26a to 26d and cooling loads are generated in use-side heat exchangers 26e and 26f. In addition, in FIG. 15 , pipes indicated by thick lines are pipes through which refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) circulates. In addition, the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a dotted line arrow.

在图15所示的主要供热运转模式时，在热源装置101中，切换三通阀104a，使得从压缩机110排出的热源侧制冷剂流入第1中间热交换器15a，切换三通阀104b，使得经过了热源侧热交换器105的热源侧制冷剂被吸入压缩机110，开放二通阀107a～107c。在中继单元103，驱动第1泵21a和第2泵21b，开放截止阀24，热介质在第1中间热交换器15a与使用侧热交换器26a～26d之间、在第2中间热交换器15b与使用侧热交换器26e及使用侧热交换器26f之间循环。在该状态下，开始压缩机110的运转。In the heating main operation mode shown in FIG. 15, in the heat source device 101, the three-way valve 104a is switched so that the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110 flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, and the three-way valve 104b is switched. , the heat source side refrigerant passing through the heat source side heat exchanger 105 is sucked into the compressor 110, and the two-way valves 107a to 107c are opened. In the relay unit 103, the first pump 21a and the second pump 21b are driven, the stop valve 24 is opened, and the heat medium is exchanged between the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the use-side heat exchangers 26a to 26d, and in the second intermediate heat exchanger. The heat exchanger 15b circulates between the use-side heat exchanger 26e and the use-side heat exchanger 26f. In this state, the operation of the compressor 110 is started.

首先说明冷冻循环回路的热源侧制冷剂的流动。First, the flow of refrigerant on the heat source side of the refrigeration cycle will be described.

低温、低压的制冷剂由压缩机110压缩而成为高温、高压的气体制冷剂后排出。从压缩机110排出的高温、高压的气体制冷剂，经由三通阀104a及二通阀107b从热源装置101流出，通过制冷剂配管108b流入中继单元103。流入到第1中间热交换器15a的高温、高压的气体制冷剂，一边向在热介质循环回路循环的热介质散热一边冷凝液化，成为高压的液体制冷剂。从第1中间热交换器15a流出的制冷剂，通过了全开的膨胀阀203a后，分流成为通过制冷剂配管108a返回热源装置101的制冷剂和流入第2中间热交换器15b的制冷剂。The low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 110 to become a high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant, and then discharged. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110 flows out of the heat source device 101 through the three-way valve 104a and the two-way valve 107b, and flows into the relay unit 103 through the refrigerant pipe 108b. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant flowing into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit, and becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The refrigerant flowing out of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a passes through the fully opened expansion valve 203a, and then is divided into a refrigerant returning to the heat source device 101 through the refrigerant pipe 108a and a refrigerant flowing into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b.

流入到第2中间热交换器15b的制冷剂，在膨胀阀203b膨胀，成为低温、低压的二相制冷剂后流入起蒸发器作用的第2中间热交换器15b，从在热介质循环回路内循环的热介质吸热，从而一边将热介质冷却一边成为低温、低压的气体制冷剂。从第2中间热交换器15b流出的气体制冷剂，通过二通阀205b从中继单元103流出，通过制冷剂配管108c流入热源装置101。The refrigerant flowing into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b expands at the expansion valve 203b, becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure two-phase refrigerant, and then flows into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, which acts as an evaporator. The circulating heat medium absorbs heat, and turns the heat medium into a low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant while cooling the heat medium. The gas refrigerant flowing out of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b flows out of the relay unit 103 through the two-way valve 205b, and flows into the heat source device 101 through the refrigerant pipe 108c.

另一方面，通过制冷剂配管108a返回热源装置101的制冷剂，在膨胀阀106被减压，成为气液二相制冷剂后，流入起蒸发器作用的热源侧热交换器105。然后，流入到热源侧热交换器105的制冷剂，在热源侧热交换器105，从室外空气吸热，成为低温、低压的气体制冷剂。该气体制冷剂，通过三通阀104b，与通过制冷剂配管108c流入热源装置101的低压气体制冷剂合流后，再次被吸入压缩机110。On the other hand, the refrigerant returning to the heat source device 101 through the refrigerant pipe 108a is decompressed by the expansion valve 106 to become a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, and flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 105 functioning as an evaporator. Then, the refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source side heat exchanger 105 absorbs heat from the outdoor air in the heat source side heat exchanger 105 to become a low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant. The gas refrigerant passes through the three-way valve 104b, merges with the low-pressure gas refrigerant flowing into the heat source device 101 through the refrigerant pipe 108c, and is sucked into the compressor 110 again.

下面，说明热介质循环回路的热介质的流动。Next, the flow of the heat medium in the heat medium circulation circuit will be described.

在主要供热运转模式中，由于第1泵21a和第2泵21b都驱动，所以，热介质通过配管5a及配管5b二者循环。在第1中间热交换器15a由热源侧制冷剂加热了的热介质，借助第1泵21a在配管5a内流动。另外，在第2中间热交换器15b由热源侧制冷剂冷却了的热介质，借助第2泵21b在配管5b内流动。In the heating main operation mode, since both the first pump 21a and the second pump 21b are driven, the heat medium circulates through both the piping 5a and the piping 5b. The heat medium heated by the heat source side refrigerant in the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a flows through the pipe 5a by the first pump 21a. In addition, the heat medium cooled by the heat source side refrigerant in the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b flows through the pipe 5b by the second pump 21b.

在第1泵21a被加压而流出的热介质，经由流路切换阀22a～22d，通过截止阀24a～24d，流入使用侧热交换器26a～26d。然后，在使用侧热交换器26a～26d，向室内空气散热，对设置着室内机102的室内等的空调对象区域进行供热。另外，在第2泵21b被加压而流出的热介质，经由流路切换阀22e及流路切换阀22f，通过截止阀24e及截止阀24f，流入使用侧热交换器26e及使用侧热交换器26f。然后，在使用侧热交换器26e及使用侧热交换器26f，从室内空气吸热，对设置着室内机102的室内等的空调对象区域进行制冷。The heat medium that has been pressurized by the first pump 21a and flowed out passes through the flow path switching valves 22a to 22d, passes through the shutoff valves 24a to 24d, and flows into the use side heat exchangers 26a to 26d. Then, the use-side heat exchangers 26a to 26d dissipate heat to the indoor air, thereby supplying heat to an air-conditioning target area such as a room where the indoor unit 102 is installed. In addition, the heat medium that is pressurized and flowed out by the second pump 21b passes through the flow path switching valve 22e and the flow path switching valve 22f, passes through the stop valve 24e and the stop valve 24f, and flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26e and the use-side heat exchanger. device 26f. Then, the use-side heat exchanger 26e and the use-side heat exchanger 26f absorb heat from the indoor air to cool an air-conditioning target area such as a room where the indoor unit 102 is installed.

从使用侧热交换器26a～26d流出的热介质流入流量调节阀25a～25d。这时，借助流量调节阀25a～25d的作用，只是为了供给室内等空调对象区域所需的空调负荷而需要的流量的热介质，流入使用侧热交换器26a～26d，其余的热介质通过旁路27a～27d旁通使用侧热交换器26a～26d地流动。通过旁路27a～27d的热介质不参与热交换，与经过了使用侧热交换器26a～26d的热介质合流后，通过流路切换阀23a～23d，流入第1中间热交换器15a，再被吸入第1泵21a。The heat medium flowing out from the use side heat exchangers 26a to 26d flows into the flow rate adjustment valves 25a to 25d. At this time, by virtue of the flow control valves 25a-25d, only the heat medium at the flow rate required to supply the air-conditioning load required by the air-conditioning target area such as indoors flows into the use-side heat exchangers 26a-26d, and the rest of the heat medium passes through the bypass. The passages 27a to 27d flow by bypassing the use side heat exchangers 26a to 26d. The heat medium passing through the bypass paths 27a-27d does not participate in heat exchange, but joins the heat medium passing through the use-side heat exchangers 26a-26d, passes through the flow path switching valves 23a-23d, flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, and then flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a. is sucked into the first pump 21a.

同样地，从使用侧热交换器26e及使用侧热交换器26f流出的热介质，流入流量调节阀25e及流量调节阀25f。这时，借助流量调节阀25e及流量调节阀25f的作用，只是为了供给室内等空调对象区域所需的空调负荷而需要的流量的热介质，流入使用侧热交换器26e及使用侧热交换器26f，其余的热介质通过旁路27e及旁路27f旁通使用侧热交换器26e及使用侧热交换器26f地流动。通过旁路27e及旁路27f的热介质不参与热交换，与经过了使用侧热交换器26e及使用侧热交换器26f的热介质合流后，通过流路切换阀23e及流路切换阀23f，流入第2中间热交换器15b，再被吸入第2泵21b。Similarly, the heat medium flowing out from the use-side heat exchanger 26e and the use-side heat exchanger 26f flows into the flow rate regulating valve 25e and the flow rate regulating valve 25f. At this time, only the heat medium of the flow rate required to supply the air-conditioning load required for the air-conditioning target area such as indoors flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26e and the use-side heat exchanger by the action of the flow rate adjustment valve 25e and the flow rate adjustment valve 25f. 26f, and the remaining heat medium flows through the bypass 27e and the bypass 27f, bypassing the use-side heat exchanger 26e and the use-side heat exchanger 26f. The heat medium passing through the bypass 27e and the bypass 27f does not participate in heat exchange, but merges with the heat medium that has passed through the use-side heat exchanger 26e and the use-side heat exchanger 26f, and then passes through the flow path switching valve 23e and the flow path switching valve 23f , flows into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, and is sucked into the second pump 21b.

在此期间，热的热介质和冷的热介质，借助流路切换阀22(流路切换阀22a～22f)和流路切换阀23a～23f的作用，流入有热能负荷的使用侧热交换器26a～26d、有冷能负荷的使用侧热交换器26e及使用侧热交换器26f而不混合。另外，将第3温度传感器33和第4温度传感器34的温度差控制保持在目标值，从而可以供给室内等空调对象区域所需的空调负荷。During this period, the hot heat medium and the cold heat medium flow into the use-side heat exchanger with thermal energy load through the action of the flow path switching valve 22 (flow path switching valves 22a to 22f) and the flow path switching valves 23a to 23f. 26a to 26d, the use-side heat exchanger 26e and the use-side heat exchanger 26f with cooling energy load are not mixed. In addition, by controlling and maintaining the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor 33 and the fourth temperature sensor 34 at a target value, the air-conditioning load required for an air-conditioning target area such as a room can be supplied.

如上所述，中继单元103是与热源装置101及室内机102分开的框体，所以，可以将中继单元103设置在不同于它们的位置，如图1所示，如果把中继单元103设置在非居住空间50，则可以将热源侧制冷剂和热介质隔开，可以防止热源侧制冷剂流入居住空间7，提高空气调节装置200安全性和可靠性。As mentioned above, the relay unit 103 is a separate frame from the heat source device 101 and the indoor unit 102, so the relay unit 103 can be arranged in a position different from them. As shown in FIG. 1, if the relay unit 103 If it is installed in the non-residential space 50, the refrigerant on the heat source side can be separated from the heat medium, preventing the refrigerant on the heat source side from flowing into the residential space 7, and improving the safety and reliability of the air conditioning device 200.

在加热侧的第1中间热交换器15a，用第1温度传感器31a检测到的第1中间热交换器15a的出口处的热介质温度不高于用第2温度传感器32a检测到的第1中间热交换器15a的入口处的热介质温度，热源侧制冷剂的过热气体区域的加热量少。因此，第1中间热交换器15a的出口处的热介质温度受到大致由第1压力传感器36的饱和温度求出的冷凝温度的限制。另外，在冷却侧的第2中间热交换器15b，用第1温度传感器31b检测到的第2中间热交换器15b的出口处的热介质温度不低于用第2温度传感器32b检测到的第2中间热交换器15b的入口处的热介质温度。In the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a on the heating side, the temperature of the heat medium at the outlet of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a detected by the first temperature sensor 31a is not higher than the first intermediate temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 32a. The temperature of the heat medium at the inlet of the heat exchanger 15a and the heating amount of the superheated gas region of the heat source side refrigerant are small. Therefore, the temperature of the heat medium at the outlet of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15 a is limited by the condensation temperature obtained approximately from the saturation temperature of the first pressure sensor 36 . In addition, in the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b on the cooling side, the temperature of the heat medium at the outlet of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b detected by the first temperature sensor 31b is not lower than the temperature of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b detected by the second temperature sensor 32b. 2The temperature of the heat medium at the inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 15b.

因此，在空气调节装置200中，使冷冻循环回路侧的冷凝温度或蒸发温度变化，就能有效地应对次级侧(使用侧)的热负荷的增加或减少。为此，希望根据使用侧的热负荷的大小，变更存储在控制装置(图示省略)的冷冻循环回路的冷凝温度或/和蒸发温度的控制目标值。这样，可容易地跟随使用侧的热负荷大小的变化。Therefore, in the air-conditioning apparatus 200, by changing the condensing temperature or the evaporating temperature on the refrigeration cycle side, it is possible to effectively respond to an increase or decrease in heat load on the secondary side (use side). Therefore, it is desirable to change the control target value of the condensation temperature and/or the evaporation temperature of the refrigeration cycle stored in the control device (not shown) according to the magnitude of the heat load on the use side. In this way, it is possible to easily follow changes in the magnitude of the thermal load on the usage side.

对于使用侧的热负荷的变化的掌握，由与第2中继单元3b连接的控制装置进行的。另一方面，冷凝温度及蒸发温度的控制目标值存储在控制装置内，该控制装置与内置着压缩机110及热源侧热交换器105的热源装置101连接。为此，在与第2中继单元3b连接的控制装置和与热源装置101连接的控制装置之间连接信号线，利用通信，发送冷凝温度或/和蒸发温度的控制目标值，变更存储在与热源装置101连接的控制装置内的冷凝温度或/和蒸发温度的控制目标值。另外，也可以传达控制目标值的偏差值，使控制目标值变化。The control device connected to the second relay unit 3b performs grasping of the change of the thermal load on the usage side. On the other hand, the control target values of the condensation temperature and the evaporation temperature are stored in a control device connected to the heat source device 101 including the compressor 110 and the heat source side heat exchanger 105 . For this reason, connect the signal line between the control device connected with the 2nd relay unit 3b and the control device connected with the heat source device 101, utilize communication, send the control target value of condensing temperature or/and evaporating temperature, change and store in and The control target value of the condensation temperature or/and evaporation temperature in the control device connected to the heat source device 101 . In addition, a deviation value of the control target value may be communicated to change the control target value.

通过进行这样的控制，可以恰当地对应使用侧的热负荷的变化。即，控制装置在掌握了使用侧的热负荷降低的情况下，可以控制压缩机110的驱动频率，使得压缩机110的工作量降低。因此，在空气调节装置200，能够进行更节能的运转。另外，也可以用一个控制装置担负起与第2中继单元3b连接的控制装置和与热源装置101连接的控制装置。By performing such control, it is possible to appropriately respond to changes in the heat load on the usage side. That is, the control device can control the driving frequency of the compressor 110 so as to reduce the workload of the compressor 110 when the heat load on the usage side is reduced. Therefore, more energy-saving operation can be performed in the air-conditioning apparatus 200 . In addition, the control device connected to the second relay unit 3b and the control device connected to the heat source device 101 may be implemented by one control device.

另外，在实施方式2的空气调节装置200中，也经由如图11所示的供热侧膨胀箱连接口42及制冷侧膨胀箱连接口43连接实施方式1中说明的膨胀箱60。另外，在实施方式2中，以采用了三通阀的情况为例进行了说明，但并不局限于此，例如也可以使四通阀、电磁阀等组合起来而具有同样的功能。另外，对于可采用的热源侧制冷剂及热介质，也与实施方式1中说明的相同。In addition, in the air-conditioning apparatus 200 of Embodiment 2, the expansion tank 60 described in Embodiment 1 is connected via the heating-side expansion tank connection port 42 and the cooling-side expansion tank connection port 43 as shown in FIG. 11 . In addition, in Embodiment 2, the case where the three-way valve was used was demonstrated as an example, but it is not limited to this, For example, it is also possible to combine a four-way valve, a solenoid valve, etc., and to have the same function. In addition, usable heat source side refrigerants and heat mediums are also the same as those described in Embodiment 1.

Claims (4)

1.一种空气调节装置，其特征在于，具有：1. An air conditioning device, characterized in that it has: 用于热介质的加热的中间热交换器（15a）和用于热介质的冷却的中间热交换器（15b），上述两中间热交换器将制冷剂和与上述制冷剂不同的上述热介质进行热交换；An intermediate heat exchanger (15a) for heating the heat medium and an intermediate heat exchanger (15b) for cooling the heat medium. heat exchange; 冷冻循环回路，该冷冻循环回路经由上述制冷剂流通的配管（4）连接压缩机（10）、室外热交换器（12）、至少一个膨胀阀（16）及上述中间热交换器（15a、15b）的制冷剂侧流路；以及A refrigeration cycle circuit, the refrigeration cycle circuit is connected to the compressor (10), the outdoor heat exchanger (12), at least one expansion valve (16) and the above-mentioned intermediate heat exchangers (15a, 15b) through the pipeline (4) through which the refrigerant flows ) of the refrigerant side flow path; and 热介质循环回路，该热介质循环回路经由上述热介质流通的配管（5）连接上述中间热交换器（15a、15b）的热介质侧流路、泵（21）及使用侧热交换器（26）；A heat medium circulation circuit, the heat medium circulation circuit is connected to the heat medium side flow path of the above intermediate heat exchangers (15a, 15b), the pump (21) and the use side heat exchanger (26) through the heat medium circulation pipe (5) ); 上述压缩机（10）及上述室外热交换器（12）收容在室外机（1）内；The above-mentioned compressor (10) and the above-mentioned outdoor heat exchanger (12) are accommodated in the outdoor unit (1); 上述中间热交换器（15a、15b）及上述泵（21）收容在中继单元（3）内；The above-mentioned intermediate heat exchangers (15a, 15b) and the above-mentioned pump (21) are accommodated in the relay unit (3); 上述使用侧热交换器（26）收容在室内机（2）内；The above-mentioned use-side heat exchanger (26) is accommodated in the indoor unit (2); 在上述热介质循环回路的上述泵（21）的吸入侧，连接有用于吸收被加热的上述热介质和被冷却的上述热介质双方的体积变化的膨胀吸收装置（60）；An expansion absorption device (60) for absorbing volume changes of both the heated heat medium and the cooled heat medium is connected to the suction side of the pump (21) of the heat medium circulation circuit; 上述中继单元（3）分为第1中继单元（3a）和第2中继单元（3b）；The above relay unit (3) is divided into a first relay unit (3a) and a second relay unit (3b); 用于将制冷剂分离为气体和液体的气液分离器（14）收容在上述第1中继单元（3a）内；A gas-liquid separator (14) for separating refrigerant into gas and liquid is housed in the above-mentioned first relay unit (3a); 上述中间热交换器（15a、15b）及上述泵（21）收容在上述第2中继单元（3b）内；The above-mentioned intermediate heat exchangers (15a, 15b) and the above-mentioned pump (21) are accommodated in the above-mentioned second relay unit (3b); 由作为制冷剂的往复通路的2根配管（4）连接上述室外机（1）和上述第1中继单元（3a）；The above-mentioned outdoor unit (1) and the above-mentioned first relay unit (3a) are connected by two pipes (4) as a reciprocating passage of refrigerant; 由作为热介质的往复通路的2根配管（5）连接上述第2中继单元（3b）和各上述室内机（2）；The above-mentioned second relay unit (3b) and each of the above-mentioned indoor units (2) are connected by two pipes (5) serving as reciprocating passages of heat medium; 以与上述泵（21）的吸引侧连通的方式连接着上述膨胀吸收装置（60）；The above-mentioned expansion absorption device (60) is connected in such a manner as to communicate with the suction side of the above-mentioned pump (21); 上述膨胀吸收装置（60）的容积在5升以下。The volume of the expansion absorbing device (60) is below 5 liters. 2.如权利要求1所述的空气调节装置，其特征在于，上述膨胀吸收装置（60）是膨胀箱。2. The air conditioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the above-mentioned expansion absorbing device (60) is an expansion tank. 3.如权利要求2所述的空气调节装置，其特征在于，在上述室内机（2）配置在上述膨胀箱（60）的上侧的空气调节装置中，上述膨胀箱（60）与上述室内机（2）的高度差在10m以下。3. The air conditioning device according to claim 2, characterized in that, in the air conditioning device in which the indoor unit (2) is arranged above the expansion tank (60), the expansion tank (60) and the indoor The height difference of machine (2) is below 10m. 4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的空气调节装置，其特征在于，向上述热介质循环回路供给时的热介质的压力设置为100kPaG。4. The air conditioning apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pressure of the heat medium when supplied to the heat medium circulation circuit is set to 100 kPaG.
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JP4089326B2 (en) * 2002-07-17 2008-05-28 富士電機リテイルシステムズ株式会社 Refrigerant circuit and vending machine using the same
JP4752765B2 (en) * 2004-11-25 2011-08-17 三菱電機株式会社 Air conditioner
JP4588728B2 (en) * 2007-02-15 2010-12-01 三菱電機株式会社 Air conditioner

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JPWO2010050006A1 (en) 2012-03-29
CN102112816A (en) 2011-06-29
US20110167865A1 (en) 2011-07-14
EP2312229B1 (en) 2018-11-21
EP2312229A4 (en) 2014-12-24
EP2312229A1 (en) 2011-04-20
WO2010050006A1 (en) 2010-05-06

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