CN102116905A - Two-dimensional photonic crystal four-wavelength division multiplexer based on multiple-mode interference - Google Patents
Two-dimensional photonic crystal four-wavelength division multiplexer based on multiple-mode interference Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a two-dimensional photonic crystal four-wavelength division multiplexer based on multiple-mode interference, which comprises two-dimensional periodically arrayed medium column photonic crystals (1), wherein the multiplexer also comprises a single mode input waveguide (2), a first multi-mode interference coupling area (3), a second multi-mode interference coupling area (4), a third multi-mode interference coupling area (5), a first single mode output waveguide (6), a second single mode output waveguide (7), a third single mode output waveguide (8) and a fourth single mode output waveguide (9), which are arranged between the medium column photonic crystals (1). By finely tuning the size of the radius of the medium column in the coupling area, the structure of component is more compact and the property parameter is more optimized.
Description
Technical field
The invention provides a kind of 2 D photon crystal four wave-length division multiplexer and methods for designing thereof, relate to photonic crystal and optical communication technique field based on multiple-mode interfence.
Background technology
At present because quick growth of network data and communication device, make that utilizing novel microminiaturized photon crystal device to enlarge network capacity has become the task of top priority to microminiaturization development and integrated development trend.The major technique that enlarges fiber capacity has ETDM Electrical TDM, Optical Time Division Multiplexing, wavelength-division multiplex and optical soliton etc.Wavelength-division multiplex technique is not owing to need to lay new fibre circuit and just can not enlarge the optical fiber communication capacity, and network upgrade is convenient, can utilize to have the electric network advantages such as optical-fiber network that are added to now, becomes the widespread use technology of current expansion optical fiber communication capacity.Make the wavelength division multiplex device technology at present and according to different method for makings prism method is arranged, fused biconical taper method, inteferometer coating filter method, diffraction grating method.These general volumes of wavelength division multiplexer that utilize conventional waveguide to make are bigger, and it is all not ideal enough to insert loss and light isolation.
Photonic crystal is a kind of optical physics function new material of refractive index cycle variation.Owing to Bragg diffraction, electromagnetic wave can be modulated and be formed band structure when electromagnetic wave is propagated therein, and this can being with is photonic band gap.There is band gap between the photonic band gap, i.e. photon band gap, the light of frequency in photonic band gap can not pass through photonic crystal.Introduce defective in complete 2 D photon crystal, the defective mould can appear in photonic crystal.Distribute if defective is a straight line, will form linear discontinuities photon crystal wave-guide (PCW) just, the light that is in the photonic crystal band can be propagated along optical waveguide, is reflected as on the energy band diagram waveguide mode to occur in photonic band gap.
Multiple-mode interfence is meant a plurality of waveguide modes will occur in photonic band gap when having two or more waveguide in the photonic crystal, have image effect of one's own according to multiple-mode interfence, when the input light field enters multimode waveguide, with a plurality of patterns that excite in the waveguide.Each guided mode produces different phase shifts owing to propagation constant is different in transmission course, interfere mutually, thereby have different space output.It is little to have a volume based on the photon crystal device of multiple-mode interfence coupled-mode theory design, be easy to integratedly, system is not subjected to outside electromagnetic interference, inserts the little and light isolation advantages of higher of loss, be applicable to integrated optical circuit, for photon crystal device provides very promising approach to highly integrated development.
At present the photon crystal wavelength division multiplex device mainly contains the one-dimensional grating optical-fiber type, one dimension layered medium structured light offset-type, the photonic crystal defect type, based on the wavelength division multiplexer of super prism phenomenon in addition based on photon crystal wave-guide coupled mode.In all wavelength division multiplex devices, characteristics such as it is little to have a volume based on photon crystal wave-guide coupled mode wavelength division multiplexer, and loss is little, and design concept is simple are used seldom this class device research at present.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters: the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of 2 D photon crystal four wave-length division multiplexers based on multiple-mode interfence, this wavelength division multiplexer adopts the coupled zone multi-stage cascade structure, can be operated in four predeterminated frequency places, have high-isolation and low insertion loss, and device volume be little.
Technical scheme: in order to adapt to quick growth of network data and communication device to microminiaturization development and integrated development trend, overcome and utilize traditional fiber waveguide fabrication wavelength division multiplex device volume big, insert loss and the dissatisfactory shortcoming of light isolation performance parameter, the present invention proposes a kind of 2 D photon crystal four wave-length division multiplexers based on multiple-mode interfence, utilize photonic crystal to have the filtering of forbidden photon band realization to light, and body has long-pending little, be easy to integrated characteristics, realize separating the wavelength-division multiplex function based on multiple-mode interfence from the imaging characteristics, have little insertion loss and high light isolation, be fit to following microminiaturized optic communication device development.
2 D photon crystal four wave-length division multiplexers based on multiple-mode interfence of the present invention comprise medium post photonic crystal that two-dimension periodic is arranged and the single mode input waveguide between medium post photonic crystal, the first multiple-mode interfence coupled zone, the second multiple-mode interfence coupled zone, the 3rd multiple-mode interfence coupled zone, the first single mode output waveguide, the second single mode output waveguide, the 3rd single mode output waveguide, the 4th single mode output waveguide; Four different light waves of wavelength pass through the single mode input waveguide respectively, during again by the first multiple-mode interfence coupled zone, the second multiple-mode interfence coupled zone, the 3rd multiple-mode interfence coupled zone, the coupling that the light wave of different wave length has is separately clapped long in the corresponding position imaging, form different mould field distribution, export four different wave length light waves respectively by the first single mode output waveguide, the second single mode output waveguide, the 3rd single mode output waveguide (8), the 4th single mode output waveguide again.
The medium post photonic crystal that two-dimension periodic is arranged is the medium column type GaAs photonic crystal that is square periodic distribution along the X-Z plane, and single mode input waveguide, the first single mode output waveguide, the second single mode output waveguide, the 3rd single mode output waveguide, the 4th single mode output waveguide are to remove row's medium post to obtain in 2 D photon crystal; The first multiple-mode interfence coupled zone, the second multiple-mode interfence coupled zone, the 3rd multiple-mode interfence coupled zone are to remove in complete photonic crystal that two row's medium posts form two waveguides and two waveguide separation, one row's medium post is formed, and the first multiple-mode interfence coupled zone, the second multiple-mode interfence coupled zone, the 3rd multiple-mode interfence coupled zone length are determined by different demultiplexing wavelength.
Utilize multimode interference principle, clap and longly cause that different light-wave energies are distributed in different positions when the outgoing because of each having different couplings in the multiple-mode interfence district that the different wave length light wave incides equal length simultaneously, when the long even-multiple of satisfied bat, be erect image output, when satisfying bat length odd-multiple, be mirror image and export; Described 2 D photon crystal four wave-length division multiplexers based on the multiple-mode interfence theory utilize the structure of multiple-mode interfence district coupled zone multi-stage cascade to make the wavelength of four kinds of different frequencies pass through image space difference behind the multiple-mode interfence coupled zone, respectively by single mode output waveguide output, realize that four wavelength separate the effect of wavelength-division multiplex.
At first by regulating medium column radius size between two waveguides of coupled zone, coupling between enhancement mode reduces coupling bat length and makes device architecture compact more; Secondly because design of coupling length must be the integral multiple of grating constant, with the image space of theory certain error is arranged, by regulating medium column radius size between two waveguides of coupled zone, improve channel isolation and reduce to insert loss, make optimizing performance parameters.
Beneficial effect: a kind of 2 D photon crystal four wave-length division multiplexers based on the multiple-mode interfence theory that the present invention proposes, utilize multiple-mode interfence to have image effect of one's own, when the input light field enters multimode waveguide, with a plurality of patterns that excite in the waveguide.Each guided mode produces different phase shifts owing to propagation constant is different in transmission course, interfere mutually, thereby have different space output.The present invention adopts the design feature of multi-stage cascade coupling to realize four kinds of wavelength light wave demultiplexings.Make optimizing performance parameters by fine tuning structure, improve channel isolation and reduce to insert loss.Compact conformation of the present invention, easy and other devices are realized integrated.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of 2 D photon crystal four wave-length division multiplexers of the present invention, wherein the size of the medium post in the solid line boxes A district is rd1=0.15a, medium post size in the solid line boxes B district is rd2=0.17a, and the medium post size in the solid line boxes C district is r=0.18a, and a is a grating constant; Medium post photon crystal 1, single mode input waveguide 2, the first multiple-mode interfence coupled zone 3, the second multiple-mode interfence coupled zone 4, the 3rd multiple-mode interfence coupled zone 5, the first single mode output waveguide 6, the second single mode output waveguide 7, the 3rd single mode output waveguide 8, the 4th single mode output waveguide 9.
Fig. 2 a is the structural representation of single mode waveguide; Fig. 2 b is the structural representation of multimode waveguide.
Fig. 3 a is a single mode waveguide dispersion relation curve map; Fig. 3 b is the dispersion relation curve of the first multiple-mode interfence coupled zone 3, the second multiple-mode interfence coupled zone 4, the 3rd multiple-mode interfence coupled zone 5; Fig. 3 c is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 3 b.
Fig. 4 a among Fig. 4, Fig. 4 b, Fig. 4 c, Fig. 4 d are the field energy distribution plan of each preset wavelength in 2 D photon crystal four wave-length division multiplexers that obtains by the FDTD algorithm.
Embodiment
2 D photon crystal four wave-length division multiplexers based on the multiple-mode interfence theory of the present invention mainly comprise medium post photonic crystal, single mode input waveguide, multiple-mode interfence coupled zone, the single mode output waveguide that two-dimension periodic is arranged; Four light waves process single mode input waveguides that wavelength is different by the multiple-mode interfence coupled zone, are clapped length because the light wave of different wave length has different couplings, form the picture of diverse location, export this four different wave length light waves respectively by the single mode output waveguide again.
The medium post photonic crystal that two-dimension periodic is arranged is the medium column type GaAs photonic crystal that is square periodic distribution along the X-Z plane, and single mode waveguide is to remove row's medium post to obtain in 2 D photon crystal; The multiple-mode interfence coupled zone is to remove in complete photonic crystal that two row's medium posts form two waveguides and two waveguide separation, one row's medium post obtains.Multiple-mode interfence coupled zone length is determined by different demultiplexing wavelength.
The present invention utilizes multiple-mode interfence to have image effect of one's own, when the input light field enters multimode waveguide, with a plurality of patterns that excite in the waveguide.Each guided mode produces different phase shifts owing to propagation constant is different in transmission course, interfere mutually, thereby have different space output.When the long even-multiple of the satisfied bat of coupled zone length, be erect image output, when satisfying bat length odd-multiple, be mirror image and export.Described 2 D photon crystal four wave-length division multiplexers based on multiple-mode interfence utilize the structure of multiple-mode interfence district coupling multistage cascade to make the wavelength of four kinds of different frequencies form the picture of diverse location through coupling back, multiple-mode interfence district, by the output of single mode output waveguide, realize the effect of four wavelength (de) multiplexings respectively.
The present invention is by regulating medium column radius size between the 3 liang of waveguides in the first multiple-mode interfence coupled zone, and coupling between enhancement mode reduces coupling bat length and makes device architecture compact more; The design of coupling length must be the integral multiple of grating constant, with the image space of theory certain error is arranged, and by regulating medium column radius size between the 4 liang of waveguides in the second multiple-mode interfence coupled zone, improves channel isolation and reduces to insert loss, makes optimizing performance parameters.
The invention provides a kind of 2 D photon crystal four wave-length division multiplexers, implement to comprise the steps: based on multiple-mode interfence
1. selected material is determined the material refractive index, selects the photonic crystal lattice type, determines medium post size;
Concrete parameter is: the two-dimensional medium column type GaAs photonic crystal of selecting to be along the X-Z plane square periodic distribution, DIELECTRIC CONSTANT=11.56, grating constant a=0.5764 μ m, the medium column radius is r/a=0.18, in order to improve performance parameter and to make structure compact more, fine setting part medium column radius size.Adjustment place has: the row of one in the first multiple-mode interfence coupled zone 3 between two waveguides medium column radius rd1=0.15a, shown in Fig. 1 square frame A; In the 3rd multiple-mode interfence coupled zone 5 between two waveguides one row medium column radius rd2=0.17a is shown in Fig. 1 square frame B.
2. the inlead defective constitutes single mode waveguide and multimode waveguide in photonic crystal, and utilizes plane wave expansion method to calculate the dispersion curve of waveguide;
By shown in Figure 2: in photonic crystal, remove row's medium post and constitute single mode waveguide along optical propagation direction (Z axle), remove that two row's medium posts form two waveguides and waveguide separation one row's medium post forms the multimode coupled waveguide, wherein the first multiple-mode interfence coupled zone 3, the 3rd multiple-mode interfence coupled zone 5 medium column radius sizes are as described in the step 1.As super cellular, adopt plane wave expansion method to calculate shown in TE modal dispersion relation curve Fig. 3 with the inner structure of frame of broken lines shown in Fig. 1, dash area allows band for the perfect lattice structure up and down, and photon band gap is distributed in normalized frequency
Be 0.30 to 0.45.From the curve of single mode waveguide dispersion relation shown in Fig. 3 a as can be known single mode waveguide in allowing band, have only a waveguide mode, Fig. 3 b, dispersion curve figure when two photon crystal coupled waveguide spacings shown in Fig. 3 c are row's medium post, the size of medium post of wherein being separated by between two waveguides is respectively 0.18a, 0.17a, 0.15a, C in the multiple-mode interfence coupled zone corresponding shown in Figure 1 respectively, B, A.From Fig. 3 c, can see when the photon crystal wave-guide of two identical parameters structures is close, because the coupling between the adjacent photonic crystal defect mould, single defective mould splits into two eigenmodes, and one is symmetric mode (even mould), an anti symmetric mode (strange mould).Same normalized frequency place, when the medium column radius between two waveguides diminishes, it is big that the difference of the phase place propagation constant of strange mould and even mould becomes, show that coupling is strong more, and the size of the power of coupling decision coupling length, so radius is more little between coupled waveguide, coupling is strong more, coupling length is more little, is more conducive to the little device of design volume.
3. selected four frequency of operation obtain the propagation constant of corresponding frequencies place multimode photon crystal wave-guide parity modes by Fig. 3, determine the length of multiple-mode interfence coupled zone thus;
After entering the multiple-mode interfence Wave guide system according to the theoretical input of 2 D photon crystal waveguide-coupled light field, will excite a plurality of eigenmodes, thereby be coupled between a plurality of pattern, adopt the guided mode transmission method, import the stack that light field can be expressed as all waveguides of multimode district,
In the formula, c
iBe the field excitation coefficient,
Propagation constant is β
iThe mould field, s is a pattern count, i is the pattern exponent number.Light field at ad-hoc location z=L place, the direction of propagation can be described below
This formula has determined the distribution that light field goes out at Z=L.As seen owing to interfere between a plurality of eigenmodes, light field will form new distribution, and energy changes with the interference length L in the interference coupling distribution situation in space.For two parallel photon crystal wave-guides, image-forming condition is L=mL
c=m π/| β
Even-β
Odd|,
L
cBe the extension position of first single picture, the definition coupling coefficient is k=| β
Even-β
Odd|/2.
Choosing the normalization frequency of operation according to Fig. 3 is 0.390,0.358,0.373,0.349, and its corresponding wavelength is λ
1=1.477 μ m, λ
2=1.610 μ m, λ
3=1.547 μ m, λ
4=1.651 μ m.The present invention adopts three coupled zone cascade structures respectively to above-mentioned four wavelength (de) multiplexings.The detailed process order is as follows:
A. determine the first multiple-mode interfence coupled zone, 3 length: get Fig. 4 by Fig. 3 b dispersion curve relation and image space formula; When medium column radius size is 0.15a between two waveguides, λ
1The coupling length of first single picture be
λ
2The coupling length of first single picture is
λ
3The coupling length of first single picture is
λ
4The coupling length of first single picture is
In the first multiple-mode interfence coupled zone 3, when satisfying coupling length L
1≈ 2L
C11≈ 4L
C12≈ 3L
C13≈ 5L
C14During=22a, λ
1, λ
2Become erect image, λ
3, λ
4Become mirror image
B. determine the second multiple-mode interfence coupled zone, 4 length: must table 2 by Fig. 3 b dispersion curve relation and image space formula, when medium column radius size is 0.18a between two waveguides, λ
1The coupling length of first single picture be
λ
2The coupling length of first single picture is
In the second multiple-mode interfence coupled zone 4, when satisfying coupling length L
2≈ L
C21≈ 2L
C22During=15a, λ
1Become mirror image, λ
2Become erect image, final λ
1From 6 outputs of the first single mode output waveguide, λ
2From 7 outputs of the second single mode output waveguide.
Determine the 3rd multiple-mode interfence coupled zone 5 length: must table 3 by Fig. 3 b dispersion curve relation and image space formula, when medium column radius size is 0.17a between two waveguides, λ
3The coupling length of first single picture be
λ
4The coupling length of first single picture is
In the 3rd multiple-mode interfence coupled zone 5, when satisfying coupling length L
3≈ 2L
C31≈ 3L
C32During=18a, λ
3Become erect image, λ
4Become mirror image, final λ
3From 8 outputs of the 3rd single mode output waveguide, λ
4From 9 outputs of the 4th single mode output waveguide.
4. utilize this device performance of FDTD analysis;
Weigh device performance by two parameters: insert loss, the wavelength isolation.The present invention adopts two-dimensional time-domain method of finite difference (FDTD) to calculate at the first single mode output waveguide 6, the second single mode output waveguide 7, the 3rd single mode output waveguide 8, each wavelength of the 4th single mode output waveguide 9 ports and inserts loss and channel isolation, and is as shown in table 4; The field energy distribution plan of each wavelength TE mode stable in the 2 D photon crystal wavelength division multiplexer, as shown in Figure 4, Fig. 4 a, 4b, 4c, 4d is corresponding λ respectively
1=1.477 μ m, λ
2=1.610 μ m, λ
3=1.547 μ m, λ
4=1.651 μ m.
Following table 1 is to calculate preset wavelength to clap length, wherein λ in the coupling of the first multiple-mode interfence coupled zone 3
1=1.477 μ m, λ
2=1.610 μ m, λ
3=1.547 μ m, λ
4=1.651 μ m.
Table 1
Table 1
Following table 2 is to calculate preset wavelength to clap long in the coupling of the second multiple-mode interfence coupled zone 4.
Table 2
Following table 3 is to calculate preset wavelength to clap long in the coupling of the 3rd multiple-mode interfence coupled zone 5.
Table 3
Following table 4 is to insert loss and channel isolation by the 2 D photon crystal four wave-length division multiplexers that the FDTD algorithm obtains at the first single mode output waveguide 6, the second single mode output waveguide 7, the 3rd single mode output waveguide 8, each wavelength of the 4th single mode output waveguide 9 ports.
Table 4
Claims (2)
1. 2 D photon crystal four wave-length division multiplexers based on multiple-mode interfence is characterized in that these photonic crystal four wave-length division multiplexers comprise the medium post photonic crystal (1) that two-dimension periodic is arranged and are positioned at single mode input waveguide (2), the first multiple-mode interfence coupled zone (3), the second multiple-mode interfence coupled zone (4), the 3rd multiple-mode interfence coupled zone (5), the first single mode output waveguide (6), the second single mode output waveguide (7), the 3rd single mode output waveguide (8), the 4th single mode output waveguide (9) between the medium post photonic crystal (1); Four different light waves of wavelength pass through single mode input waveguide (2) respectively, during again by the first multiple-mode interfence coupled zone (3), the second multiple-mode interfence coupled zone (4), the 3rd multiple-mode interfence coupled zone (5), the coupling that the light wave of different wave length has is separately clapped long in the corresponding position imaging, form different mould field distribution, export four different wave length light waves respectively by the first single mode output waveguide (6), the second single mode output waveguide (7), the 3rd single mode output waveguide (8), the 4th single mode output waveguide (9) again.
2. the 2 D photon crystal four wave-length division multiplexers based on multiple-mode interfence according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the medium post photonic crystal (1) that two-dimension periodic is arranged is the medium column type GaAs photonic crystal that is square periodic distribution along the X-Z plane, single mode input waveguide (2), the first single mode output waveguide (6), the second single mode output waveguide (7), the 3rd single mode output waveguide (8), the 4th single mode output waveguide (9) are to remove row's medium post to obtain in 2 D photon crystal; The first multiple-mode interfence coupled zone (3), the second multiple-mode interfence coupled zone (4), the 3rd multiple-mode interfence coupled zone (5) are to remove in complete photonic crystal that two row's medium posts form two waveguides and two waveguide separation, one row's medium post is formed, and the first multiple-mode interfence coupled zone (3), the second multiple-mode interfence coupled zone (4), the 3rd multiple-mode interfence coupled zone (5) length are determined by different demultiplexing wavelength.
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