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CN102072051A - 机动车辆的柴油发动机 - Google Patents

机动车辆的柴油发动机 Download PDF

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CN102072051A
CN102072051A CN2010105554759A CN201010555475A CN102072051A CN 102072051 A CN102072051 A CN 102072051A CN 2010105554759 A CN2010105554759 A CN 2010105554759A CN 201010555475 A CN201010555475 A CN 201010555475A CN 102072051 A CN102072051 A CN 102072051A
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egr
diesel engine
lnt
exhausting air
dpf
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费德里科·费列罗
亚历桑德拉·恰内尔
迈克尔·波特
费德里科·L·古格里尔蒙
洛伦佐·马格罗
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0871Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents using means for controlling, e.g. purging, the absorbents or adsorbents
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0821Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filter
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/06Low pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust downstream of the turbocharger turbine and reintroduced into the intake system upstream of the compressor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/07Mixed pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is either taken out upstream of the turbine and reintroduced upstream of the compressor, or is taken out downstream of the turbine and reintroduced downstream of the compressor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/14Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
    • F02M26/15Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system in relation to engine exhaust purifying apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842Nitrogen oxides
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
    • F02B29/04Cooling of air intake supply
    • F02B29/0406Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/05High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

一种机动车辆的柴油发动机(1),包括长路线废气再循环(LR-EGR)系统(60),其中,稀燃NOx捕获器(LNT)(30)位于柴油微粒过滤器(DPF)(31)的上游。

Description

机动车辆的柴油发动机
技术领域
本发明涉及机动车辆的柴油发动机,特别是设置有长路线废气再循环系统的柴油发动机。
背景技术
柴油发动机通常包括进气歧管,排气歧管,从外界向进气歧管供给新鲜空气的进气管线和从排气歧管向外界释放废气的排气管线。
排气管线通常包括:为减少排放气体中所含的残余碳氢化合物(HC)及氧化碳(CO)的柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)以及位于柴油机氧化催化器下游侧的为俘获及去除排放气体中柴油颗粒物质(烟灰)的柴油微粒过滤器。
为了减少NOX的污染排放,大部分涡轮增压柴油发动机系统实际上都包括了废气再循环(EGR)系统,该系统被设置用于返回适量的排放气体并将其与进入柴油发动机的新鲜进气混合。
先进的废气再循环系统包括流体地连接排气歧管与进气歧管的第一EGR导管和流体地连接DPF下游侧的排气管线与进气歧管上游侧的进气管线的第二EGR导管。
第一EGR导管限定了用于排放气体再循环的短路线,同时,第二EGR导管限定了长路线,该长路线包括排气管线的相应部分,包括DPF,和进气管线的相应部分。
这样,长路线EGR导管对于把具有较低温度的排放气体返回到进气歧管是有效的,该较低温度低于通过短路线返回的排放气体的温度。
为了在任何发动机工作条件下使进气歧管的进气的温度保持在最佳的中间值,这些高级EGR系统一般被构造为部分地通过SR-EGR且部分地通过LR-EGR返回排放气体。
与使用标准距离EGR回路相比,更好地高效地减少NOx排放的另外一个办法是使用选择性催化还原系统(SCR)。
SCR是催化装置,在这个装置里,排放气体中的氧化氮(NOx),在气态还原剂,尤其是注入排气管线与SCR上游侧排放气体混和的尿素(CH4N2O)的帮助下,被分解为完全的氮(N2)和水(H2O),以在那里被吸收。
SCR通常位于排气管线中位于地板下位置(under-floor position),DPF下游侧。
这种结构的一个缺点是许多部件通常昂贵而且难于包装。
另外一个缺点是SCR系统因为还原剂需要储存器,而且还原剂需要定期的由驾驶员补充,因此增加了机动车辆的运行成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了用简单、合理且便宜的方法解决或者至少明确减少上述提到的缺点。
本发明的实施例的目标是通过独立权利要求的特征获得的。从属权利要求记载了本发明的优选的和/或特别有利的实施例。
发明实施例提供了机动车辆的柴油发动机,其中所述发动机包括长路线排放气体再循环(LR-EGR)系统,该系统中,稀燃NOx捕获(Lean NOx Trap LNT)位于柴油微粒过滤器的上游侧。
LR-EGR系统被设置用于把具有充分低温的排放气体供给进入进气歧管。
事实上,LR-EGR系统包括:位于排气歧管与DPF下游侧分歧点之间的排气管线的起始部分,因此包括DPF自身;LR-EGR导管,其流体地连接排气管线的该分歧点和进气管线的前导点;前导点与进气歧管之间的进气管线的最终部分。
稀燃NOx捕获器位于DPF上游侧的排气管线中。LNT是的一种催化装置,其含催化器(如铑),和吸收剂(如以钡为基础的元素),为了在装置内部捕获氧化氮(NOx),它可以提供适合于结合排放气体中所含氧化氮(NOx)的活性部位。
LNT可以进一步提供其它催化器,例如钯和铂,其与排放气体中的碳氢化合物(HC)与氧化碳(CO)反应,使他们转化为二氧化碳(CO2)和水(H2O)。
这样,LNT有效的实现了柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)的功能,DOC因此不再是必需的。
相对于现有技术,该柴油发动机拥有了这样几个重要的好处。
第一显著优点是:LNT通常比SCR便宜,减少了柴油发动机的总成本。
又一重要优点是:LNT可以满足DOC的功能,这样减少了因氧化和还原反应需要两种不同的催化器系统而产生的费用。
另外,实施例提供了一种部件结构,和以前的技术结构相比,其可以较容易地包装。
最后,由于LNT位于LR-EGR导管的分歧点的上游侧,由导管返回的排放气体在任何发动机工作条件下都基本上不含氧化氮(NOx),这样减少了在燃烧过程的终了的氧化氮(NOx)的浓度。
在另外一实施例中,柴油发动机还包括了为LNT与DPF设置的共用外壳(joint outer casing)。这个减少了装配发动机的处理时间而且简化了包装问题。
根据另一实施例,LR-EGR还包括涡轮增压器,其包括在进气管线中位于DPF下游侧的压缩机,及在排气管线中位于LNT上游侧的涡轮。
根据更优选方面,柴油发动机还包括短路线EGR(SR-EGR)系统。
SR-EGR系统被用来供给具有相当高温度的排放气体到进气歧管,也就是具有更高温度的排放气体由LR-EGR返回。
事实上,SR-EGR系统包括SR-EGR导管,其可直接流体地连接排气歧管到进气歧管。
附图说明
本发明现将参考附图以实例的形式进行描述,在附图中:
图1示意性的说明了根据本发明的涡轮增压柴油发动机系统。
具体实施方式
在下文中,披露有关机动车辆涡轮增压柴油发动机1的实施例。
涡轮增压柴油发动机1包括进气歧管10和排气歧管11,从外界吸入新鲜空气到进气歧管10的进气管线2,从排气歧管11排出排放气体到外界环境的排气管线3,涡轮增压器4包括位于进气管线2中的压缩机40,其可压缩在其中流动的空气流,及位于排气管线3中的涡轮41,其驱动所述压缩机40。
涡轮增压柴油发动机1另外包括中间冷却器20,也被标识为中冷器(CAC),位于进气管线2中且在涡轮增压器4的压缩机40的下游侧,用于冷却到达进气歧管10前的空气流,和节流阀21,位于进气管线中且在CAC20与进气歧管10之间。
涡轮增压柴油发动机1还包括柴油微粒过滤器(DPF30,其位于排气管线3中,用于从排放气体中捕获及去除柴油颗粒物质(烟灰)。
为了减少污染排放,涡轮增压柴油发动机1包括废气再循环(EGR)系统,用于返回和供给排放气体到柴油发动机1自身。
EGR系统包括第一EGR导管50,用于流体地连接排气歧管11和进气歧管10,用于冷却排放气体的第一EGR冷却器51,和用于控制通过第一EGR导管51的排放气体的流速的第一电控阀52为。由于第一EGR导管51直接连接排气歧管11和进气歧管10,其限定了用于返回高温排放气体的短路线EGR(SR-EGR)系统。
EGR系统还包括第二EGR导管60,其流体地连接排气管线3的分歧点32和进气管线2的前导点22,和位于第二EGR导管60中的第二EGR冷却器61。
分歧点32位于DPF31的下游,前导点22位于空气过滤器23的下游及涡轮增压器4的压缩机40的上游侧。
排放气体通过第二再循环导管60的流动速率决定于第二三通电控阀62,其位于前导点22中。
事实上,EGR系统设置有长路线EGR(LR-EGR)系统,其包括:柴油发动机1到分歧点32之间的排气管线3的起始部分,包括涡轮增压器4的涡轮41与DPF31;包括第二EGR冷却器61的第二EGR导管60;以及前导点22与柴油发动机1之间的进气管线2的最终部分,包括第二阀62,涡轮增压器4的压缩机40,CAC20,以及阀21。
沿长路线EGR流动,排放气体与沿第一EGR导管50流动的排放气体相比明显变冷,因此以较低温度到达进气歧管10。
涡轮增压柴油发动机系统由基于微处理器的控制器(ECU)操作,其被用来生产与施加控制信号给阀52与62,以部分地通过SR-EGR且部分地通过LR-EGR来返回排放气体,以由此在任何发动机工作条件下进气的温度在进气歧管10处都能保持最佳的中间值。
根据发明,涡轮增压柴油发动机1还包括稀燃氮氧化物捕捉器(LNT)30,其位于排气管线3上,在涡轮增压器4的涡轮41的下游侧且在DPF的上游。
LNT30被用来捕获排放气体中的氧化氮NOx。
更为详细地,LNT30是包括支持催化转换器支撑件的装置,该支撑件通常由陶瓷材料制成,被含有催化器的特殊载体涂料(washcoat)覆盖,例如,钡和铑,其设置有适于结合排放气体中所含氧化氮(NOx)的活性区,以将把它们捕获在LNT30中。
根据本例子,LNT30的特殊载体涂层还包含其他的催化器,例如钯和铂,其可有效地与排放气体中的碳氢化合物(HC)与氧化碳(CO)反应,以使它们氧化为二氧化碳(CO2)和水(H2O)。
这样,LNT30有效地满足了传统DOC的功能,因此使得DOC不再是必须的。
根据本发明的优选实施例,LNT30被容纳在外壳(33中,此外壳也容纳DPF31,以由此形成单个部件。
虽然本发明被描述为有关特定的优选实施例及特殊应用,但实际上上述描述应该理解为通过实例进行描述而不是局限于该实例。本领域技术人员应认识到对特殊实施例所进行的不同更改属于所附权利要求的范围之内。因此,可以预期:本发明不局限于所披露的实施例,其应具有所附权利要求的语言所允许的全部范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种机动车辆的柴油发动机(1),包括长路线废气再循环(LR-EGR)系统(60),其中,稀燃NOx捕获器(LNT)(30)位于柴油微粒过滤器(DPF)(31)的上游。
2.根据权利要求1所述的柴油发动机,还包括用于LNT(30)与DPF(31)的共用外壳(33)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的柴油发动机,其中,LR-EGR系统(60)还包括涡轮增压器(4),涡轮增压器(4)包括位于进气管线(2)中的DPF下游的压缩机及位于LNT(30)上游的涡轮(41)。
4.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的柴油发动机,其中,该发动机还包括短路线废气再循环(SR-EGR)系统。
CN2010105554759A 2009-11-20 2010-11-22 机动车辆的柴油发动机 Pending CN102072051A (zh)

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CN112943441A (zh) * 2021-03-03 2021-06-11 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 用于混合动力均质压燃发动机燃烧控制方法、系统及装置

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CN111379634B (zh) * 2018-12-27 2021-03-12 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 稀薄燃烧发动机及汽车
CN112943441A (zh) * 2021-03-03 2021-06-11 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 用于混合动力均质压燃发动机燃烧控制方法、系统及装置

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RU2010144386A (ru) 2012-05-10
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GB0920374D0 (en) 2010-01-06
US20110146272A1 (en) 2011-06-23

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