CN102059076A - Dual-piston pressure-controlling type material steam explosion method and devices - Google Patents

Abstract

A dual-piston pressure-controlled material steam explosion method: feed the material into the tank body from the feed inlet of the tank body, and steam into the tank body after the feed inlet is closed, and when the material is heated to the steam explosion temperature, push the The pressurized piston in the tank compresses the material, so that the tank body is boosted to the steam explosion pressure, and the pressure is quickly released, so that the material expands, explodes, and is discharged. A steam explosion device, including a tank body, a booster piston and a pressure relief piston are arranged in the tank body, and a material inlet, a steam inlet and a discharge port are arranged on the tank body between the initial positions of the booster piston and the pressure relief piston , with a valve on the steam inlet. Another steam explosion device includes a tank body, a booster piston and a pressure relief piston are arranged in the tank body, and a feed inlet and a discharge port are arranged on the tank body between the initial positions of the booster piston and the pressure relief piston. A heating jacket is provided on the tank body between the feed port and the discharge port, and a heating medium inlet and outlet are provided on the heating jacket, and valves are respectively provided on the heating medium inlet and outlet.

Description

Double-piston pressure-controlled material steam explosion method and device

technical field

The invention relates to a steam explosion device, in particular to a pretreatment device which adopts a pressurized piston to increase the steam explosion pressure of materials, and instantly opens a pressure relief piston or a quick-opening valve to generate a steam explosion effect, thereby performing steam explosion or puffing on materials.

Background technique

Steam explosion (referred to as "steam explosion") technology began in 1926, mainly for the production of man-made fiberboard, and since the 1970s, it has been widely used in the production of animal feed and the extraction of ethanol and specialty chemicals from wood fibers. The material is heated to 180-235°C with steam, after a period of pressure maintenance, the pressure is suddenly released and the gas phase medium in the pores of the material is sprayed out, and the high-pressure liquid water quickly boils to form a flash, and works externally, resulting in a "blasting" effect , Under the action of mechanical force, the component separation and structural change of the material are realized.

Temperature, pressure, and residence time are usually the main factors affecting steam explosion products, and the residence time is closely related to the material temperature. The steam explosion temperature, pressure, and material residence time of the existing steam explosion device are controlled by steam, and cannot control the steam explosion temperature, The pressure and material residence time are precisely controlled, and the material is difficult to be crushed under the same steam explosion conditions, and the uniformity and stability of the product is difficult to guarantee. In terms of pressure relief, the existing steam explosion device usually installs a valve at the bottom of a pressure vessel, and realizes the sudden release of pressure by quickly opening the valve, resulting in a steam explosion effect. The main problems of this mode are that it takes a long time to release the pressure of high-pressure steam, the energy density of steam explosion is low, the degree of material decomposition is not high, and the real steam explosion phenomenon cannot be produced. Although some devices have made some improvements in the pressure relief method, all steam explosion devices have the problem that the crushed material cannot be completely discharged, and the products in the steam explosion process interfere with each other, and the stability of the product cannot be effectively guaranteed. Secondly, the explosion volume of all steam explosion devices is fixed, which means that the materials added in each steam explosion process must be basically equal, and in the same steam explosion device, the quality of materials will definitely affect the steam explosion effect. The steam explosion effect of the material under a certain quality is not conducive to the large-scale design of the steam explosion device. Furthermore, all steam explosion devices use steam to directly heat materials, and all need to be equipped with steam generators, and the pressure required during the steam explosion process is completely provided by steam, which requires a large amount of steam, especially high-pressure steam, and consumes a lot of energy. high. The pressure of the reaction kettle is mainly provided by steam, and it takes a long time for the pressure in the kettle to stabilize, which leads to a long residence time of the material, and more of the material is cooked rather than broken, which fundamentally changes the properties of the material.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a double-piston pressure-controlling material steam explosion method and device which is energy-saving, low-cost, strong adaptability, high reliability and can increase the steam explosion pressure by compressing gas in a tank with a pressurized piston.

The present invention adopts following technical scheme:

A kind of double-piston pressure-controlled material steam explosion method described in the present invention, the steps are as follows:

Step 1 Feed the material into the tank body from the feed port of the tank body, and inject steam explosion gas into the tank body after closing the feed port,

Step 2 When the material is heated to the steam explosion temperature, push the pressurized piston in the tank to compress the material, so that the tank can be boosted to the steam explosion pressure,

Step 3 Quickly release the pressure to make the material expand, burst and discharge.

A device for implementing the above method according to the present invention includes a tank body, including a tank body, a booster piston and a pressure relief piston are arranged in the tank body, and a pressure booster piston and a pressure relief piston are arranged on the tank body between the starting positions of the pressure booster piston and the pressure relief piston. There is a material inlet, a steam inlet and a discharge port, and a valve is set on the steam inlet. The material inlet is adjacent to the booster piston at the initial position, and the discharge port is adjacent to the pressure relief piston at the initial position. .

Another device for implementing the above method according to the present invention includes a tank body, a booster piston and a pressure relief piston are arranged in the tank body, and a feed valve is provided on the tank body between the initial positions of the booster piston and the pressure relief piston. The tank body between the feed port and the discharge port is provided with a heating jacket, the heating jacket is provided with a heating medium inlet and a heating medium outlet, and valves are respectively provided at the heating medium inlet and the heating medium outlet. The feed port is adjacent to the booster piston at the initial position, and the discharge port is adjacent to the pressure relief piston at the initial position.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The device of the present invention uses the pressurized piston to increase the steam explosion pressure, and can use the jacket to heat the material. The temperature of the material and the steam explosion pressure are no longer limited by the steam, which solves the problem that the temperature of the material will increase with the increase of the pressure in the traditional steam explosion process. It can realize high-temperature and low-pressure or low-temperature and high-pressure steam explosion of materials, and can be used to explode materials with high heat sensitivity and refractory decomposition, and has a wider range of applications.

2. The device of the present invention adopts a piston to relieve pressure, and the pressure relief speed is fast, which can realize the instantaneous release of pressure in the tank, and effectively overcome the problems of long pressure release time, low energy density, and low degree of material decomposition in traditional steam explosion devices.

3. The volume of the explosion chamber of the device of the present invention can be adjusted in time according to the amount of materials, which is beneficial to the adjustment of different parameters in the experiment, and can provide necessary parameters for the determination of steam explosion process parameters and the large-scale and large-scale design of the device.

4. The device of the present invention raises the steam explosion pressure through the booster piston, which can greatly increase the steam explosion pressure, and can effectively ensure that the gas explosion pressure meets the production requirements, thereby improving production efficiency.

5. The device of the present invention does not use high-pressure steam as a pressure source, has fast start-up speed, can heat materials indirectly, has high energy utilization rate and low energy consumption, and can effectively reduce the production cost of downstream products.

6. The temperature, steam explosion pressure and residence time of materials in the device of the present invention can be precisely controlled, and all materials are crushed under the same conditions, which greatly improves the stability and uniformity of the product.

7. The device of the present invention can discharge all materials by pushing the pressurized piston, which overcomes the problem of incomplete material unloading in traditional steam explosion devices.

8. The present invention has few main components, high reliability, simple equipment manufacturing, and low cost, and can realize large-scale production and application under the existing technical conditions. For different materials, the implementation mode and steam explosion parameters can be adjusted in real time according to the process requirements, and the device is self-adaptive.

When the material is broken, the device includes the following three working processes: 1) Send the material into the tank from the feed port of the tank, and inject steam explosion gas into the tank after closing the feed port; 2) Wait for the material to be crushed When heated to the steam explosion temperature, push the pressurized piston in the tank to compress the material, so that the tank body can be boosted to the steam explosion pressure; 3) Quickly release the pressure, so that the material expands, explodes, and discharges. The entire steam explosion process is simple to operate, highly adjustable, and the device starts quickly.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the dual-piston pressure-controlled steam explosion device of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the dual-piston pressure-controlled steam explosion device of the present invention.

Among them, 1. Booster piston 2. Tank body 3. Pressure relief piston 4. Feeding port 5. Discharging port 6. Steam inlet 7. Heating jacket 8. Heating medium outlet 9. Heating medium inlet.

Detailed ways

Example 1

A double-piston pressure-controlled material steam explosion method, the steps are as follows:

Step 1 Feed the material into the tank body from the feed port of the tank body, and inject steam explosion gas into the tank body after closing the feed port,

Step 2 When the material is heated to the steam explosion temperature, push the pressurized piston in the tank to compress the material, so that the tank can be boosted to the steam explosion pressure,

Step 3 Quickly release the pressure to make the material expand, burst and discharge,

In this embodiment, the discharge in step 3 is by pushing the booster piston, so that the pulverized material is discharged from the discharge port.

Example 2

A device for implementing the above-mentioned double-piston pressure-controlling material steam explosion method, comprising a tank body 2, a booster piston 1 and a pressure relief piston 3 are arranged in the tank body 2, the pressure booster piston 1 and the pressure relief piston 3 The tank body between the initial positions is provided with a feed port 4, a steam inlet 6 and a discharge port 5, and a valve is provided on the steam inlet 6, and the feed port 4 is adjacent to the booster piston 1 at the initial position , the discharge port 5 is adjacent to the pressure relief piston 3 in the initial position.

Example 3

Another device for implementing the above-mentioned dual-piston pressure-controlled material steam explosion method, comprising a tank body 2, a booster piston 1 and a pressure relief piston 3 are arranged in the tank body, and the booster piston 1 and the pressure relief piston 3 The tank body between the initial position is provided with a feed port 4 and a discharge port, a heating jacket 7 is provided on the tank body 2 between the feed port 4 and the discharge port 5, and a heating medium inlet is provided on the heating jacket 7 8 and the heating medium outlet 9, valves are respectively provided on the heating medium inlet 8 and the heating medium outlet 9, the feed inlet 4 is adjacent to the booster piston 1 at the initial position, and the discharge port 5 is adjacent to the initial The position of the pressure relief piston 3 is adjacent.

Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail:

With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of double-piston pressure control type steam explosion device, it comprises pressurization piston 1, tank body 2, pressure relief piston 3, feed inlet 4, discharge outlet 5, steam inlet 6, steam explosion process passes discharge Press piston 3 to trigger. The pressure relief piston 3 is in the closed position, the booster piston 1 is in the initial position, and the material is sent into the tank body 2 through the feed port 4, and then the booster piston 1 is pushed to close the tank body 2, and then enter the tank body 2 through the steam inlet 6 The material is heated by steam. When the material is heated to the steam explosion temperature, push the pressurized piston 1 in the tank body 2 to compress the material, so that the tank body 2 is boosted to 1.5-5.0Mpa (the steam explosion pressure can be further increased according to the process requirements), and the pressure is maintained After a period of time, the pressure relief piston 3 is quickly opened, and the material in the tank body 2 is exploded. In order to exhaust the material, the booster piston 1 can be pushed forward until the cross section of the piston is flush with the discharge port. Then each piston returns to the initial position, continues feeding, and enters the next cycle.

This device mainly raises the steam explosion pressure in the tank body 2 through the pressurized piston 1, and the steam explosion crushing of materials can be realized without high-pressure steam, which reduces the steam explosion process’s requirements on steam quality, and greatly reduces the consumption of high-pressure steam in the steam explosion process , especially the consumption of high-pressure steam, can greatly improve the utilization rate of energy, realize the cascade utilization of energy, and reduce the energy consumption of steam explosion. By compressing the gas in the tank body 2 to increase the steam explosion pressure, the steam explosion pressure can easily meet the production requirements, which is conducive to improving production efficiency. The steam explosion pressure and residence time of the material can be precisely controlled, and the product has good stability. The device has fast start-up speed, short pressure release time, few main parts, simple equipment manufacturing, high reliability, and can realize large-scale production and application under the existing technical conditions. The pressure in the tank body 2 can be released instantaneously through the pressure relief piston 3, which effectively overcomes the problems of long pressure release time, low energy density, and low degree of material decomposition in traditional steam explosion devices.

Referring to Figure 2, a dual-piston pressure-controlled steam explosion device includes a booster piston 1, a tank body 2, a pressure relief piston 3, a feed port 4, a discharge port 5, a heating jacket 7, and a heating medium inlet 8 , The heating medium outlet 9, the steam explosion process is triggered by the pressure relief piston 3, and the material is heated through the jacket 7. The pressure relief piston 3 is in the closed position, and the booster piston 1 is in the open position. The material is sent into the tank body 2 through the feed port 4, and then the booster piston 1 is pushed. When the booster piston 1 passes the feeder port 4, stop pushing the piston. , transport steam or heat conduction oil to heat the material through the heating medium inlet 8 heating jacket, when the material is heated to the steam explosion temperature, close the valve of the heating medium inlet 8, continue to push the booster piston 1, and compress the gas in the tank body 2, Increase the steam explosion pressure to 1.5-5.0Mpa (the steam explosion pressure can be further increased according to the process requirements), after a period of pressure maintenance, quickly open the pressure relief piston 3, and the material in the tank 2 is exploded. In order to exhaust the material, the booster piston 1 can be pushed forward until the cross section of the piston is flush with the discharge port. Each piston gets back to initial position subsequently, enters next cycle.

The device uses indirect heating to heat the material, and the steam explosion pressure is increased by the pressurized piston. The steam explosion temperature, steam explosion pressure and material residence time of the material can be controlled separately, which is beneficial to improve the explosion degree of the material and the uniformity of the product. sex, stability. The temperature of the material is heated indirectly, the steam explosion process can be carried out without steam, the steam explosion machine does not need an auxiliary steam system, the complexity of the process can be greatly reduced, the reliability of the system can be greatly improved, and the energy consumption of the steam explosion process can also be reduced. Significantly reduce and reduce the production cost of the product. The steam explosion parameters no longer depend on the steam parameters, and can be precisely controlled separately, which can expand the application range of the steam explosion technology.

Claims (4)

1. A double-piston pressure-controlled material steam explosion method is characterized in that the steps are as follows: Step 1 Push the pressure relief piston to close the discharge port, send the material into the tank from the feed port of the tank, and after closing the feed port, feed steam or heat transfer oil into the tank or heating jacket, Step 2 When the material is heated to the steam explosion temperature, push the pressurized piston in the tank to compress the material, so that the tank can be boosted to the steam explosion pressure, Step 3 Quickly release the pressure to make the material expand, burst and discharge. 2. The dual-piston pressure-controlled material steam explosion method according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge in step 3 is by pushing the pressurized piston, so that the pulverized material is discharged from the discharge port. 3. A device for implementing the dual-piston pressure-controlled material steam explosion method according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a tank body (2), and a booster piston (1) and a pressure relief piston are arranged in the tank body (2). The tank body between the initial positions of the piston (3), booster piston (1) and pressure relief piston (3) is provided with a feed port (4), a steam inlet (6) and a discharge port (5). There is a valve on the steam inlet (6), the feed port (4) is adjacent to the pressurization piston (1) at the initial position, and the discharge port (5) is adjacent to the pressure relief piston (3) at the initial position adjacent. 4. Another device for implementing the dual-piston pressure-controlled material steam explosion method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a tank body (2), and a booster piston (1) and a pressure relief piston are arranged in the tank body (3), the tank body between the starting positions of the booster piston (1) and the pressure relief piston (3) is provided with a feed port (4) and a discharge port, the feed port (4) and the discharge port ( 5) A heating jacket (7) is provided on the tank body (2) between the heating jackets (7), and a heating medium inlet (8) and a heating medium outlet (9) are provided on the heating jacket (7). The outlets (9) are respectively provided with valves, the feed inlet (4) is adjacent to the booster piston (1) at the initial position, and the discharge port (5) is adjacent to the pressure relief piston (3) at the initial position. ) adjacent.

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