CN1020563C - 复合滑动表面轴承材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
具有塑料滑动层的用于复合滑动表面轴承的材料，包含金属衬底层和与该衬底层粘结并且由用于形成基体的含氟聚合物组成的滑动层，其中对氟具有高亲合力的金属粉末得到细分散。为了降低摩擦力矩和磨损率，含氟聚合物中含有金属氟化物和金属氟氧化物并且由单斜晶形PVDF、非晶形PVDF和新型聚合物组成，在用Cukα-射线对其辐射产生的X-射线衍射图中，于双布喇格角2θ=18.07±0.03℃处产生陡峭的强度峰，其熔点为320-350℃，并不含正交晶形PVDF。
Description
本发明涉及具有塑料滑动层的复合滑动表面轴承的材料，其中含有以钢、青铜或高强度合金铝为佳的金属衬底层和与该衬底层结合在一起、厚度为30-500μm且以50-250μm为佳的滑动层，滑动层由含有5-50%（重）、以30-40%（重）为佳对氟具有强亲合力且粒径小于或等于40μm的金属粉末细分散相的构成基体含氟聚合物所组成。
欧洲专利说明书0044577及德国专利说明书29 28 081披露了一种用于具有塑料滑动层的复合滑动表面轴承的材料，其中含有以钢为佳的金属衬底层和位于该衬底层之上的厚度为30-500μm的滑动层，滑动层由含有5-50%（体积）粒径小于或等于50μm的铅颗粒的构成基体含氟聚合物即聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）所组成。所述滑动层可以含有诸如PTFE、MoS2、石墨之类以细分散杂质形式存在且能够改善滑动特性的物质。塑料滑动层根据需要被施用于已被烧结固着于或已被喷涂于衬底层之上且厚度为250-350μm的多孔粗糙层上。该滑动层由具备良好的滑动特性的金属（以青铜为佳）材料组成，可借助滑动层的塑料填充该粗糙层的空隙。
业已发现，由复合轴承材料制作的轴承体用途广泛，但是其不合乎要求之处在于难以承受诸如液压发动机中的轴承所承受的高机
械载荷。它们的使用寿命极短，因而限制了机器的使用寿命。所以，需要的是能够承受较大的机械载荷并且具备较高耐磨性和尽可能低的摩擦力的复合轴承材料。
为此，本发明的目的是提供一种与上述复合轴承材料相比在磨损率和使用寿命方面性能更为优越的复合轴承材料。
这一目的结果是含氟聚合物中含有0.5-5.0%（重）金属氟化物和0.5-5.0%（重）金属氟氧化物，它由10-25%（重）单斜晶形PVDF、10-40%（重）非晶形PVDF和10-30%（重）新型聚合物组成，在用Cukα-射线对其辐射产生的X-射线衍射图中，于双布喇格角2θ＝18.07±0.03°处呈现陡峭的强度峰，其熔点范围为320-350°，其中不含正交晶形PVDF。
为此目的，对氟具备特别高的亲合力的金属粉末由铅、锡、锌、铟、铊、镉、铋、钡、铜、银或其合金组成，它们可以是单独地或组合地存在，其中包括铅基和锡基轴承合金。
本发明复合轴承材料的显著特点在于具备相对来说较低的磨损率和较高的疲劳极限，这样，即使经过很长时间的运转后，仍能确保由这种材料制作的轴承体发挥令人满意的功效。为了改善滑动特性及稳定性，基体中可含有1-20%（重）、以5-15%（重）为佳由PTFE、MoS2、石墨、ZnS、BaSO4和硬脂酸盐单独地或组合地组成的细分散粉末颗粒，这种颗粒适合于粒径小于或等于40μm的金属粉末颗粒。
在本发明复合轴承材料的优选实例中，基体含有15-25%（重）非晶形PVDF、1-3%（重）氟化铅、1-3%（重）氟氧化铅和5-25%（重）铅以及可以根据需要而存在的3-10%（重）PTFE，它由新型聚合物组成并且含有15-20%（重）单斜晶状
PVDF。
在优选实施方案中，基体含有25%（重）新型含氟聚合物、25%（重）非晶形PVDF、10%（重）单斜晶形PVDF、25%（重）铅、3%（重）PbOF2、2%（重）PbOF2和10%（重）PTFE。
在另一优选实施方案中，基体含有30%（重）新型含氟聚合物、15%（重）单斜晶形PVDF、20%（重）非晶形PVDF、10%（重）PTFE、2.5%（重）PbF2、2.5%（重）PbOF2和20%（重）铅。
本发明中的基体可以直接结合在经过机械方式或化学方法被粗糙化的金属衬底层表面之上。在另一实施方案中，该塑料滑动层通过一多孔中间层粘接在衬底层上，该中间层已被烧结固着于或被喷涂于衬底层之上并且由金属轴承材料、以青铜为佳所组成，滑动层填充上述孔隙并且构成了厚度为10-350μm的覆盖层。
在制备复合轴承材料的过程中，将由30-80%（重）含氟聚合物和5-50%（重）对氟具备高亲合力的金属粉末组成的混合物施用于金属衬底层并在所述衬底层上进行滚轧，随后将其加热至290℃以上，以300-340℃为佳，并且保持此温度0.5-3.5分钟，以历时1.0-2.0分钟为佳，接着，连续地将其冷却至100℃，历时0.5-10分钟，以历时4分钟为佳。复合轴承材料的制造过程可以通过连续涂敷带状衬底层的方式或以不连续地、分别涂敷带状区域的方式来完成。
按照特定的方法特征，待其冷却至大约180℃以后，再以大约50℃/分钟的速率将其连续地冷却至120-115℃。
参照实施例及附图，下文将对本发明进行更详尽的说明。
图1为实施复合轴承材料制造方法所用设备的示意图。
图2为复合轴承材料的截面图。
被缠绕在卷轴1上的带条2由被用作衬底层的钢带10和由铅青铜制作的多孔烧结粗糙层11所构成。带条2连续由卷轴1上退绕下来，在具有粗糙层的一侧上面均匀地涂敷由具有搅拌器的料斗3提供的粉末混合物，该混合物由60%（重）PVDF、25%（重）铅和15%（重）PTFE所组成。当带条2通过滚轧机座4时，粗糙层11中的开口孔便被粉末混合物填充，这样，在粗糙层的顶部形成一滑动层12，得到涂敷的带条2通过连续式炉5并于320℃下加热1.5分钟。其结果是PVDF被熔化从而产生含氟聚合物，在用Cukα-射线对其辐射产生的X-射线衍射图中，于双布喇格角2θ＝18.07±0.03°处具有强度峰，其熔点范围为320-350°，并且含有15%（重）单斜晶形PVDF、24%（重）非晶形PVDF、21%（重）铅、15%（重）PTFE、3.5%（重）氟化铅和3.5%（重）氟氧化铅。当带条离开炉5后，于滚轧机座6处对含氟聚合物进行再压制与展平处理，随后在连续式炉7内历时5分钟将其连续冷却至100℃左右。在后面的滚轧机座8中，压平制得的复合轴承材料，最终将其缠绕在卷轴9之上。无需采用任何后处理方法或辅助机械加工方法便很容易由这种带状复合轴承材料制造滑动表面轴承元件、尤其是轴承衬、轴瓦、凸缘衬套和制动盘。
为了展示本发明复合轴承材料的摩擦特性，现在介绍对比实验，将由上述方法步骤制成的复合轴承材料所形成的轴承衬与采用欧洲专利说明书0 044 577这一先有技术中复合轴承材料制作的轴承衬在摩擦力矩和磨损性方面相对比，后一种复合轴承由钢质衬底层、
经烧结固着于衬底层上的多孔青铜层和填充青铜层开口孔并覆盖于开口孔顶部的滑动层组成，该滑动层由含有50%（重）PVDF、40%（重）铅和10%（重）PTFE的烧结混合物组成。
可借助试验机测定摩擦力矩和磨损性，待测试的轴承衬的直径为21mm，尺寸为22mm×15mm，间隙为0.03mm，带有C35型低碳钢轴颈，该轴颈的表面光洁度RA＝0.2μm并且以0.3m/s的滑动速度旋转。待测试的轴承衬被压制成呈摆状的轴承体，其负荷率为3.3N/mm2。由于待测试的轴承衬发生旋转而使摆状轴承体出现偏移，可根据该偏移确定摩擦力矩。于滑动8、16、32和48km后确定磨损性。
将试验结果以图线的形式表示在图3和4之中，结果说明由本发明复合轴承材料制造的轴承衬在摩擦力矩（Nm）和与表面压力（MPa）相关的磨损率（μm/W）方面大大优于由先有技术复合轴承材料制造的轴承衬。
Claims (10)
1、用于具有塑料滑动层的复俣滑动表面轴承的材料，其中含有以钢、青铜或高强度合金铝为佳的金属衬底层和与该衬底层结合在一起、厚度为30-500μm且以50-150μm为佳的滑动层，滑动层由含有5-50%(重)、以30%-40%(重)为佳对氟具有强亲合力且粒径小于或等于40μm的金属粉末细分散相的构成基体含氟聚合物所组成，其特征在于含氟聚合物含有0.5-5.0%(重)金属氟化物和0.5-5.0%(重)金属氟氧化物并且由10-25%(重)单斜晶形PVDF、10-40%(重)非晶形PVDF和10-30%(重)新型聚合物，在用Cuka-射线对其辐射产生的X-射线衍射图中，于双布喇格角2θ=18.07±0.03℃处呈现陡峭的强度峰，其熔点范围为320-350°，其中不含正交晶形PVDF。
2、按照权利要求1所述的材料，其中金属粉末由铅、锡、锌、铟、铊、镉、铋、钡、铜、银工其合金组成，它们可以单独地或组合地分散于含氟聚合物之中。
3、按照权利要求1或2所述的材料，其中添有1-20%（重）、以5-15%（重）为佳粒径小于或等于40μm并且由PTFE、MoS2、石墨、ZnS、BaSO1或硬脂酸盐组成的细分散粉末颗粒。
4、按照权利要求1所述的材料，其中塑料滑动层直接结合在经过机械方法或化学方法粗糙化处理的衬底层表面上。
5、按照权利要求1所述的材料，其中塑料滑动层通过一个多孔中间层粘结在衬底层上，该中间层已被烧结固着于或被喷涂于衬底层之上并且由金属轴承材料、以青铜为佳所组成，滑动层填充上述孔隙并构成覆盖层。
6、按照权利要求1所述的材料，其中基体含有5-15%（重）非晶形PVDF、1-3%（重）氟化铝、1-3%（重）氟化氧化铝和5-25%（重）铅以及可以根据需要而存在的3-10%（重）PTFE，它由新型聚合物组成并且含有15-20%（重）单斜晶状PVDF。
7、按照权利要求1所述的材料，其中基体含有25%（重）新型含氟聚合物、255（重）非晶形PVDF、10%（重）单斜晶形PVDF、25%（重）铅3%（重）PbF2、2%（重）PbOF2和10%（重）PTFE。
8、按照权利要求1所述的材料，其中基体含有30%（重）新型含氟聚合物、15%（重）单斜晶形PVDF、20%（重）非晶形PVDF、10%（重）PTFE、2.5%（重）PbF2、2.5%（重）PbOF2和20%（重）铅。
9、一种制备如权利要求1至5所述复合滑动表面轴承材料的方法，其特征在于将由30-80%（重）含氟聚合物和5-50%（重）对氟具备高亲合力的金属粉末组成的混合物施用于金属衬底层并在所述衬底层上进行滚轧，随后将其加热至290℃以上，以300-340℃为佳，并且保持此温度0.5-3.5分钟，以历时1.0-2.0分钟为佳，接着，连续地将其冷却至100℃，历时0.5-10分钟，以历时4分钟为佳。
10、按照权利要求9所述的方法，其中待其冷却至大约180℃以后，再以大约50℃/分钟的速率将其连续地冷却至120-115℃。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3815265.7 | 1988-05-05 | ||
| DE3815265A DE3815265A1 (de) | 1988-05-05 | 1988-05-05 | Werkstoff fuer verbundlager und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1037480A CN1037480A (zh) | 1989-11-29 |
| CN1020563C true CN1020563C (zh) | 1993-05-12 |
Family
ID=6353667
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN89102939A Expired - Fee Related CN1020563C (zh) | 1988-05-05 | 1989-05-04 | 复合滑动表面轴承材料及其制备方法 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5024881A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0340838A3 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH0236251A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR890017378A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1020563C (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU611018B2 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR8902099A (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE3815265A1 (zh) |
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| CN100549447C (zh) * | 2006-03-30 | 2009-10-14 | 米巴·格来特来格有限公司 | 滑动元件 |
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| US5573846A (en) * | 1991-10-24 | 1996-11-12 | Norton Pampus Gmbh | Polyfluorocarbon coated metal bearing |
| DE4319867A1 (de) * | 1993-06-16 | 1994-12-22 | Kolbenschmidt Ag | Mehrschicht-Gleitlagerwerkstoff |
| JP3811529B2 (ja) * | 1996-04-25 | 2006-08-23 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | 転がり摺動部品 |
| US5860780A (en) * | 1996-12-04 | 1999-01-19 | Norton Performance Plastics Corporation | Self-lubricated thrust rivet |
| US6476144B1 (en) | 1998-05-29 | 2002-11-05 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Spherulite-micronizing agent for crystalline fluororesin crystalline fluororesin composition containing micronizing agent |
| US6287672B1 (en) | 1999-03-12 | 2001-09-11 | Rexam, Inc. | Bright metallized film laminate |
| JP3571623B2 (ja) * | 2000-08-07 | 2004-09-29 | 大同メタル工業株式会社 | 摺動材料 |
| DE10126462A1 (de) * | 2001-05-31 | 2003-01-23 | Ks Gleitlager Gmbh | Gleitlagerverbundwerkstoff mit einer metallischen Stützschicht |
| DE10147292B4 (de) * | 2001-09-26 | 2007-01-25 | Federal-Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mit einer Gleitschicht versehenen metallischen Trägerwerkstoffes sowie dessen Verwendung |
| WO2003103955A1 (de) * | 2002-06-07 | 2003-12-18 | Ks Gleitlager Gmbh | Gleitlagerverbundwerkstoff |
| DE10226266B4 (de) * | 2002-06-07 | 2005-09-15 | Ks Gleitlager Gmbh | Gleitlagerverbundwerkstoff |
| US6886440B2 (en) * | 2002-09-19 | 2005-05-03 | Black & Decker Inc. | Slide miter saw |
| JP2004115577A (ja) * | 2002-09-24 | 2004-04-15 | Daido Metal Co Ltd | 摺動組成物及び摺動部材 |
| DE102004055306B4 (de) * | 2003-11-21 | 2007-06-14 | Smc K.K. | Stellglied |
| DE102004008633A1 (de) * | 2004-02-21 | 2005-09-08 | Ks Gleitlager Gmbh | Gleitlagerverbundwerkstoff |
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| DE102006010171A1 (de) * | 2006-03-06 | 2007-09-13 | Gebrüder Reinfurt GmbH & Co. KG | Wälzlagerkäfig aus Metallkunststoffhybridband |
| AT503986B1 (de) * | 2006-08-02 | 2008-05-15 | Miba Gleitlager Gmbh | Laufschicht für ein lagerelement |
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| JP5911026B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-28 | 2016-04-27 | サン−ゴバン パフォーマンス プラスティックス コーポレイション | ブッシュのためのキャストフルオロポリマーフィルム |
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-
1988
- 1988-05-05 DE DE3815265A patent/DE3815265A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-04-22 EP EP19890201045 patent/EP0340838A3/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-05-02 JP JP1113515A patent/JPH0236251A/ja active Pending
- 1989-05-02 US US07/346,058 patent/US5024881A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-05-04 KR KR1019890006025A patent/KR890017378A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-05-04 CN CN89102939A patent/CN1020563C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-05-04 BR BR898902099A patent/BR8902099A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-05-04 AU AU33994/89A patent/AU611018B2/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100549447C (zh) * | 2006-03-30 | 2009-10-14 | 米巴·格来特来格有限公司 | 滑动元件 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0340838A2 (de) | 1989-11-08 |
| JPH0236251A (ja) | 1990-02-06 |
| CN1037480A (zh) | 1989-11-29 |
| AU611018B2 (en) | 1991-05-30 |
| DE3815265A1 (de) | 1989-11-16 |
| KR890017378A (ko) | 1989-12-15 |
| US5024881A (en) | 1991-06-18 |
| EP0340838A3 (de) | 1991-05-02 |
| AU3399489A (en) | 1989-11-09 |
| BR8902099A (pt) | 1989-12-05 |
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