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CN102046929A - 空气分离设备和蒸汽再热循环的集成 - Google Patents

空气分离设备和蒸汽再热循环的集成 Download PDF

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CN102046929A
CN102046929A CN2009801056092A CN200980105609A CN102046929A CN 102046929 A CN102046929 A CN 102046929A CN 2009801056092 A CN2009801056092 A CN 2009801056092A CN 200980105609 A CN200980105609 A CN 200980105609A CN 102046929 A CN102046929 A CN 102046929A
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turbine
compressor
steam
air separation
pressure
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M·科尼亚尔
R·迪贝特-格瑞尼尔
J·尤科尔
P·勒博
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SIEMENS VAI METALS TECHNOLOGIE
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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SIEMENS VAI METALS TECHNOLOGIE
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04145—Mechanically coupling of different compressors of the air fractionation process to the same driver(s)
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    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04612—Heat exchange integration with process streams, e.g. from the air gas consuming unit
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    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
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Abstract

在一种蒸汽循环产生功的方法中，蒸汽在第一涡轮(T1)中从高压(一般高于50巴)和高温膨胀至中间压力，蒸汽在中间压力下被再加热而其压力基本不变，然后，在中间压力下被再加热的蒸汽在第二涡轮(T2)中膨胀至低压(通常低于大气压力)和低温，至少一些在第二涡轮中膨胀的蒸汽被冷凝，至少部分冷凝流被加压，至少部分加压流被再加热成再热流，至少部分再热流被送至第一涡轮，并且用于空气分离设备或来自空气分离设备的流体在至少一个压缩机(C，BC)中被压缩，所述至少一个压缩机与第一和第二涡轮中的至少一个联接。

Description

空气分离设备和蒸汽再热循环的集成
技术领域
本发明涉及空气分离设备和蒸汽再热循环的集成。
背景技术
已知在发电厂中使用包括蒸汽再热步骤的蒸汽循环以提高设备的能效，该蒸汽循环称为带有再热的兰金循环/朗肯循环。
以下所提到的所有压力均为绝对压力。
空气分离设备的增压机是压缩已被压缩至至少5巴的压力的空气的压缩机。
如图1所示，蒸汽7以130巴和540℃进入高压涡轮T1，然后膨胀到30巴和约300℃，形成流9。流9接着返回至锅炉B，在锅炉B中，流9被再加热至约540℃，然后被送至低压涡轮T2，在低压涡轮T2中膨胀至冷凝器R的压力(通常为150毫巴)，接着，冷凝流11被泵P泵送，并作为流5被送至锅炉B，在锅炉B中流5过冷(sous-refroidis)，直至其沸点，然后汽化/蒸发，并最后通过与来自燃气涡轮和可选地来自后燃烧/二次燃烧(post-combustion)的废气流1进行热交换而被过热至540℃。烟道气/废气3从锅炉排出。
出于热应力的考虑，高压涡轮T1和低压涡轮T2不能合并在单一体部中。
通常：
-装备有双端轴的交流发电机G由两个涡轮驱动；
-高压涡轮T1以比低压涡轮T2高的速度转动。
带有再热的蒸汽循环是这样的循环，在该循环中，在一高压HP(通常高于50巴)下并被过热(通常至约400℃到500℃的温度)的蒸汽在第一涡轮中膨胀至第一压力IP(通常低于50巴)，然后在此压力下被加热至接近高压/HP蒸汽膨胀前的温度的温度(这两种蒸汽之间的温差通常低于100℃)，最后在第二涡轮中膨胀至低于大气压力的压力(通常等于0.2巴的绝对压力)。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个目的，提供了一种蒸汽循环产生功的方法，其中：
a)在第一涡轮中，蒸汽从高压(一般高于50巴)和高温膨胀至中间压力；
b)在中间压力下的蒸汽在压力基本不变的条件下被再加热；
c)在中间压力下被再加热的蒸汽在第二涡轮中膨胀至低压(通常低于大气压力)和低温；
d)至少部分经在第二涡轮中膨胀的蒸汽被冷凝成冷凝流；
e)至少部分所述冷凝流可选地通过两个步骤被加压成加压流；
f)至少部分所述加压流被再加热成再热流；
g)至少部分所述再热流被送至第一涡轮，以及
h)用于空气分离设备或来自空气分离设备的流体在至少一个压缩机中被压缩，所述至少一个压缩机与第一和第二涡轮中的至少一个联接。
可选地：
-至少部分由第一和第二涡轮中的至少一个所产生的功被用于发电；
-第一涡轮驱动空气分离设备的主压缩机和/或空气分离设备的空气增压机和/或用于来自空气分离设备的产品的压缩机；
-第二涡轮驱动空气分离设备的主压缩机和/或空气分离设备的空气增压机和/或用于来自空气分离设备的产品的压缩机；
-第一和/或第二涡轮驱动发电机；
-第一涡轮和第二涡轮在同一传动轴系上，并且驱动空气分离设备的空气压缩机或用于来自分离设备的产品的压缩机，并可选地也驱动发电机；
-与第一涡轮或与第二涡轮并联地安装一个或多个辅助涡轮，所述辅助涡轮可以驱动发电机和/或可燃气体压缩机和/或由空气分离单元所产生的气体的压缩机；
-步骤b)和/或步骤f)至少部分地在至少一个锅炉中进行；
-向至少一个锅炉供给来自燃气涡轮的废气，向燃气涡轮可选地供给来自空气分离设备的气体，和可选地供给来自炼钢工艺的气体；
-炼钢工艺是熔炼还原工艺，例如
Figure BPA00001205456600031
工艺、
Figure BPA00001205456600032
工艺或者源自这两个工艺之一的工艺；
-通过燃料在含氧气体存在情况下的燃烧对至少一个锅炉进行加热，所述燃料可选地来自炼钢工艺；
-第一和第二涡轮不在同一传动轴系上；
-第一和第二涡轮中的至少一个驱动第一压缩机和第二压缩机，所述第一压缩机压缩用于第一空气分离设备或来自第一空气分离设备的流体，所述第二压缩机压缩用于第二空气分离设备或来自第二空气分离设备的流体；
-第一和第二涡轮中的至少一个与第三涡轮在同一轴上，该第三涡轮是独立蒸汽循环的一部分；
-所述独立蒸汽循环是带有再热的兰金循环；
-在第一锅炉中，蒸汽在中间压力下并在压力基本不变的条件下被再加热，用于第一涡轮的部分蒸汽来自第二锅炉，在第一涡轮中膨胀至低压的蒸汽在冷却和泵送之后被送至第二锅炉。
根据另一个目的，本发明包括一种蒸汽循环，该蒸汽循环包括：第一和第二涡轮；用于将高压蒸汽流送至第一涡轮的装置；用于再加热在第一涡轮中膨胀的流的装置，这些装置可选地包括锅炉；用于将再热蒸汽送至第二涡轮以使再热蒸汽膨胀至低压(通常低于大气压力)和低温的装置；以及用于在至少一个压缩机中压缩用于空气分离设备或来自空气分离设备的流体的装置，所述至少一个压缩机与第一和第二涡轮中的至少一个联接。
可选地，所述循环可包括：
-与第一和第二涡轮中的至少一个联接的发电机；
-第一涡轮驱动空气分离设备的主压缩机和/或空气分离设备的空气增压机和/或用于来自空气分离设备的产品的压缩机；
-第二涡轮驱动空气分离设备的主压缩机和/或空气分离设备的空气增压机和/或用于来自空气分离设备的产品的压缩机；
-第一涡轮和第二涡轮在同一传动轴系上，并且驱动空气分离设备的空气压缩机或用于来自分离设备的产品的压缩机，并可选地也驱动发电机；
-用于再加热在第一涡轮中膨胀的流的装置包括至少一个锅炉；
-向至少一个锅炉供给来自燃气涡轮的废气，向燃气涡轮可选地供给来自空气分离设备的气体；
-通过燃料在含氧气体存在情况下的燃烧对至少一个锅炉进行加热；
-第一和第二涡轮不在同一传动轴系上；
-第一和第二涡轮中的至少一个驱动第一压缩机和第二压缩机，所述第一压缩机压缩用于第一空气分离设备或来自第一空气分离设备的流体，所述第二压缩机压缩用于第二空气分离设备或来自第二空气分离设备的流体；
-第一和第二涡轮中的至少一个与至少一个第三涡轮在同一轴上，所述至少一个第三涡轮是独立蒸汽循环的一部分；
-所述独立蒸汽循环是带有再热的兰金循环；
-该循环包括用于在蒸汽压力基本不变的条件下再加热在中间压力下的蒸汽的第一锅炉、第二锅炉、用于将蒸汽从第二锅炉送至第一涡轮的装置、用于冷却在第一涡轮中膨胀至低压的蒸汽的装置、用于泵送冷凝后的蒸汽的装置以及用于将冷凝后的蒸汽送至第二锅炉的装置。
根据本发明，带有再热的蒸汽循环如上所述被用于机械驱动空气分离设备的至少一个压缩机。
具体实施方式
下面将参照图2至图9对本发明进行更详细的说明，这些附图示出了根据本发明的集成的循环。
图2示出了带有再热的兰金循环，在该循环中，蒸汽在高温(例如540℃)下从至少50巴(例如130巴)的压力开始膨胀，然后膨胀至中间压力(例如30巴)和中间温度(例如约300℃)，形成流9。然后流9返回至锅炉B，在锅炉B中，流9在被送至低压涡轮T2之前被再加热到接近流7的温度(例如约540℃)，在低压涡轮T2中，流9膨胀至冷凝器R的压力，该压力低于大气压力，通常为150毫巴。然后冷凝流11被泵P泵送(pompés)，并作为流5返回至锅炉B，在锅炉B中，流5过冷，直至其沸点，然后汽化，并最后通过与来自燃气涡轮或可选地来自后燃烧的废气流1或者来自常规锅炉的燃烧器的废气流1进行热交换而被过热至540℃。烟道气3从锅炉排出。
两个涡轮T1、T2被固定到双端轴上，该双端轴驱动发电机G和空气分离设备C的压缩机13，该压缩机产生压力在5巴和12巴之间的空气流13。替代地或者另外，空气分离设备的空气增压机BC也可由两个涡轮T1、T2驱动，并产生压力在12巴和40巴之间的空气流15。
在下面的图中，图1和图2中的流1、3没有显示，但仍然存在。
在实际的实施例中，可分两步对冷凝流进行压缩：在第一步中，冷凝流被泵送至约5巴的压力，然后被部分过冷，之后通过蒸汽喷射进行脱气(除去溶解的空气)，最后被再泵送至高压涡轮的进口压力(约130巴)。
图3示出了带有再热的兰金循环，在该循环中，蒸汽在高温(例如540℃)下从至少50巴(例如130巴)的压力开始膨胀，然后膨胀至中间压力(例如30巴)和中间温度(例如约300℃)，形成流9。然后流9返回至锅炉B，在锅炉B中，流9在被送至低压涡轮T2之前被再加热到接近流7温度的温度(例如约540℃)，在低压涡轮T2中，流9膨胀至冷凝器R的压力，该压力低于大气压力，通常为150毫巴。然后冷凝流11被泵P泵送，并作为流5返回至锅炉B，在锅炉B中，流5过冷，直至其沸点，然后汽化，并最后通过与来自燃气涡轮和可选地来自后燃烧的废气流或者来自常规锅炉的燃烧器的废气流进行热交换而被过热至540℃。烟道气从锅炉排出。
第一涡轮T1与发电机G联接，第二涡轮T2被固定到一轴上，该轴驱动空气分离设备C的压缩机13，该压缩机产生压力在5巴和12巴之间的空气流13。替代地或者另外，空气分离设备的空气增压机BC可由第二涡轮T2驱动，并产生压力在12巴和40巴之间的空气流15。替代地或者另外，发电机G由涡轮T2驱动。通过此布置，可对这些机器进行独立地维护。另外，可与涡轮T2并联安装一个(或多个)辅助涡轮T3，辅助涡轮T3使未被涡轮T2消耗的剩余蒸汽膨胀。此涡轮T3可驱动发电机和/或(供应给燃气涡轮的)可燃气体的压缩机。
图4示出了带有再热的兰金循环，在该循环中，蒸汽在高温(例如540℃)下从至少50巴(例如130巴)的压力开始膨胀，然后膨胀至中间压力(例如30巴)和中间温度(例如约300℃)，形成流9。然后流9返回至锅炉B，在锅炉B中，流9在被送至低压涡轮T2之前被再加热到接近流7温度的温度(例如约540℃)，在低压涡轮T2中，流9膨胀至冷凝器R的压力，该压力低于大气压力，通常为150毫巴。然后冷凝流11被泵P泵送，并作为流5返回至锅炉B，在锅炉B中，流5过冷，直至其沸点，然后汽化，并最后通过与来自燃气涡轮和可选地来自后燃烧的废气流或者来自常规锅炉的燃烧器的废气流进行热交换而被过热至540℃。烟道气从锅炉排出。
第一涡轮T1与空气分离设备C的压缩机13联接，该压缩机产生压力在5巴和12巴之间的空气流13，并且第一涡轮T1可选地与发电机G联接。替代地或者另外，空气分离设备的空气增压机BC可由第一涡轮T1驱动，并产生压力在12巴和40巴之间的空气流15。第二涡轮T2驱动发电机G。
另外，可与涡轮T1并联安装一个(或多个)辅助涡轮T3，辅助涡轮T3使未被涡轮T1消耗的剩余蒸汽膨胀。此涡轮T1可驱动发电机和/或(供应给燃气涡轮的)可燃气体的压缩机。
图5示出了带有再热的兰金循环，在该循环中，蒸汽在高温(例如540℃)下从至少50巴(例如130巴)的压力开始膨胀，然后膨胀至中间压力(例如30巴)和中间温度(例如约300℃)，形成流9。然后流9返回至锅炉B，在锅炉B中，流9在被送至低压涡轮T2之前被再加热到接近流7温度的温度(例如约540℃)，在低压涡轮T2中，流9膨胀至冷凝器R的压力，该压力低于大气压力，通常为150毫巴。然后冷凝流11被泵P泵送，并作为流5返回至锅炉B，在锅炉B中，流5过冷，直至其沸点，然后汽化，并最后通过与来自燃气涡轮和可选地来自后燃烧的废气流或者来自常规锅炉的燃烧器的废气流进行热交换而被过热至540℃。烟道气从锅炉排出。
第一涡轮T1与空气分离设备的空气增压机BC联接，该空气增压机产生压力在12巴和40巴之间的空气流15。第一涡轮T1也可选地与发电机G联接。第二涡轮T2驱动空气分离设备C的压缩机13，该压缩机产生压力在5巴和12巴之间的空气流13，并且第二涡轮T2可选地驱动发电机G。
另外，可与涡轮T1并联安装一个(或多个)辅助涡轮T3，辅助涡轮T3使未被涡轮T1消耗的剩余蒸汽膨胀。此涡轮T1可驱动发电机和/或(供应给燃气涡轮的)可燃气体的压缩机。
另外，可以与涡轮T2并联安装一个(或多个)辅助涡轮T4，辅助涡轮T4使未被涡轮T2消耗的剩余蒸汽膨胀。此涡轮T4可驱动发电机和/或(供应给燃气涡轮的)可燃气体的压缩机。
图6示出了带有再热的兰金循环，在该循环中，蒸汽在高温(例如540℃)下从至少50巴(例如130巴)的压力开始膨胀，然后膨胀至中间压力(例如30巴)和中间温度(例如约300℃)，形成流9。然后流9返回至锅炉B，在锅炉B中，流9在被送至低压涡轮T2之前被再加热到接近流7温度的温度(例如约540℃)，在低压涡轮T2中，流9膨胀至冷凝器R的压力，该压力低于大气压力，通常为150毫巴。然后冷凝流11被泵P泵送，并作为流5返回至锅炉B，在锅炉B中，流5过冷，直至其沸点，然后汽化，并最后通过与来自燃气涡轮和可选地来自后燃烧的废气流或者来自常规锅炉的燃烧器的废气流进行热交换而被过热至540℃。烟道气从锅炉排出。
第一涡轮T1与空气分离设备C的压缩机13联接，该压缩机产生压力在5巴和12巴之间的空气流13，并且该第一涡轮可选地与发电机G联接。空气分离设备的空气增压机BC由第二涡轮T2驱动，并产生压力在12巴和40巴之间的空气流15。第二涡轮T2可选地驱动发电机G。
另外，可与涡轮T1并联安装一个(或多个)辅助涡轮T3，辅助涡轮T3使未被涡轮T1消耗的剩余蒸汽膨胀。该涡轮T1可驱动发电机和/或(供应给燃气涡轮的)可燃气体的压缩机。
另外，可与涡轮T2并联安装一个(或多个)辅助涡轮T4，辅助涡轮T4使未被涡轮T2消耗的剩余蒸汽膨胀。该涡轮T4可驱动发电机和/或(供应给燃气涡轮的)可燃气体的压缩机。
图7示出了带有再热的兰金循环，在该循环中，蒸汽在高温(例如540℃)下从至少50巴(例如130巴)的压力开始膨胀，然后膨胀至中间压力(例如30巴)和中间温度(例如约300℃)，形成流9。然后流9返回至锅炉B，在锅炉B中，流9在被送至低压涡轮T2之前被再加热到接近流7温度的温度(例如约540℃)，在低压涡轮T2中，流9膨胀至冷凝器R的压力，该压力低于大气压力，通常为150毫巴。然后冷凝流11被泵P泵送，并作为流5返回至锅炉B，在锅炉B中，流5过冷，直至其沸点，然后汽化，并最后通过与来自燃气涡轮和可选地来自后燃烧的废气流或者来自常规锅炉的燃烧器的废气流进行热交换而被过热至540℃。烟道气从锅炉排出。
第一涡轮T1与第一空气分离设备C的压缩机联接，该压缩机产生压力在5巴和12巴之间的空气流13，并且该第一涡轮可选地与发电机G联接。
第二涡轮T2与第二空气分离设备的压缩机C’联接，该压缩机产生压力在5巴和12巴之间的空气流13’，并且该第二涡轮可选地与发电机G联接。
图8示出了集成有两个锅炉B、B’的循环。
图9示出了使用两个锅炉B1、B2的循环。在这种情况下，来自第一锅炉B1的高压蒸汽101与来自第二锅炉B2的高压蒸汽107混合，以形成流109。此共同的流109在第一涡轮T1中膨胀。蒸汽流103从涡轮T1在中间排出，而在整个涡轮T1中膨胀的流105被冷却、泵送并再循环至第二锅炉B2。流103被送至第一锅炉B1，在该第一锅炉中，流103被再加热。再热后的流9在涡轮T2中膨胀，涡轮T2驱动空气分离设备的至少一个压缩机C’。在冷却R’和泵送P’之后，膨胀后的蒸汽被再循环至第一锅炉。

Claims (15)

1.一种蒸汽循环产生功的方法，其中：
a)在第一涡轮(T1，T1’)中，蒸汽从一般高于50巴的高压和高温膨胀至中间压力；
b)在中间压力下的蒸汽在其压力基本不变的条件下被再加热；
c)在中间压力下被再加热的蒸汽在第二涡轮(T2，T2’)中膨胀至通常低于大气压的低压和低温；
d)至少部分经在所述第二涡轮中膨胀的蒸汽被冷凝成冷凝流；
e)至少部分所述冷凝流可选地通过两个步骤被加压成加压流；
f)至少部分所述加压流被再加热成再热流；
g)至少部分所述再热流被送至所述第一涡轮，以及
h)用于空气分离设备或来自空气分离设备的流体在至少一个压缩机(C，BC)中被压缩，所述至少一个压缩机与所述第一和第二涡轮中的至少一个联接。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，至少部分由所述第一和第二涡轮(T1，T2，T1’，T2’)中的至少一个所产生的功被用于发电。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一涡轮(T1，T1’)和/或所述第二涡轮(T2，T2’)驱动空气分离设备的主压缩机(C，C’)和/或空气分离设备的空气增压机(BC)和/或用于来自空气分离设备的产品的压缩机和/或发电机。
4.如上述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一涡轮和第二涡轮(T1，T2，T1’，T2’)在同一传动轴系上，并且驱动空气分离设备的空气压缩机(C，BC)或用于来自分离设备的产品的压缩机，也可选地驱动发电机。
5.如上述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，与所述第一涡轮或第二涡轮(T1，T2，T1’，T2’)并联安装一个或多个辅助涡轮，所述辅助涡轮可驱动发电机(G)和/或可燃气体压缩机和/或由空气分离单元所生产的气体的压缩机。
6.如上述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤b)和/或步骤f)至少部分地在至少一个锅炉(B，B1，B2)中进行。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，向至少一个锅炉(B，B1，B2)供给来自燃气涡轮的废气(1)，向所述燃气涡轮可选地供给来自空气分离设备的气体，和可选地供给来自炼钢工艺的气体。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的方法，其特征在于，通过燃料在含氧气体存在的情况下的燃烧对至少一个锅炉(B，B1，B2)进行加热，所述燃料可选地来自炼钢工艺。
9.如权利要求1-3之一或者当权利要求5-8不从属于权利要求4时权利要求5-8之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一和第二涡轮(T1，T2，T1’，T2’)不在同一传动轴系上。
10.如上述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一和第二涡轮(T1，T2，T1’，T2’)中的至少一个驱动第一压缩机(C)和第二压缩机(C’)，所述第一压缩机压缩用于第一空气分离设备或来自第一空气分离设备的流体，所述第二压缩机压缩用于第二空气分离设备或来自第二空气分离设备的流体。
11.如上述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一和第二涡轮(T1，T2，T1’，T2’)中的至少一个与第三涡轮在同一轴上，所述第三涡轮是独立蒸汽循环的一部分。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述独立蒸汽循环是带有再热的兰金循环。
13.如上述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，在第一锅炉(B1)中，蒸汽在中间压力下并在其压力基本不变的条件下被再加热，用于所述第一涡轮(T1)的蒸汽的一部分(107)来自第二锅炉(B2)，并且在所述第一涡轮中膨胀至低压的蒸汽(105)在冷却和泵送之后被送至所述第二锅炉。
14.一种蒸汽循环，包括：第一和第二涡轮(T1，T2，T1’，T2’)；用于将高压蒸汽流送至所述第一涡轮(T1，T1’)的装置；用于再加热在所述第一涡轮中膨胀后的流的装置，这些装置可选地包括锅炉(B)；用于将再热后的蒸汽送至所述第二涡轮(T2，T2’)以使所述再热后的蒸汽膨胀至通常低于大气压的低压和低温的装置；以及用于在至少一个压缩机中压缩用于空气分离设备或来自空气分离设备的流体的装置(C，C’，BC)，所述至少一个压缩机与所述第一和第二涡轮中的至少一个联接。
15.如权利要求14所述的循环，其特征在于，包括与所述第一和第二涡轮(T1，T2，T1’，T2’)中的至少一个相联接的发电机。
CN2009801056092A 2008-02-18 2009-02-17 空气分离设备和蒸汽再热循环的集成 Pending CN102046929A (zh)

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FR0851004A FR2927654A1 (fr) 2008-02-18 2008-02-18 Integration d'un appareil de separation d'air et d'un cycle a rechauffage de vapeur
FR0852296 2008-04-07
FR0852296A FR2929696A1 (fr) 2008-04-07 2008-04-07 Integration d'un appareil de separation d'air et d'un cycle a rechauffage de vapeur
PCT/FR2009/050248 WO2009103926A2 (fr) 2008-02-18 2009-02-17 Intégration d'un appareil de séparation d'air et d'un cycle à réchauffage de vapeur

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AU2009216592A1 (en) 2009-08-27

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