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CN102027216A - 排气添加剂/处理系统和用于在其中使用的混合器 - Google Patents

排气添加剂/处理系统和用于在其中使用的混合器 Download PDF

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CN102027216A
CN102027216A CN2009801157801A CN200980115780A CN102027216A CN 102027216 A CN102027216 A CN 102027216A CN 2009801157801 A CN2009801157801 A CN 2009801157801A CN 200980115780 A CN200980115780 A CN 200980115780A CN 102027216 A CN102027216 A CN 102027216A
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mixer
blades
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G·曾
Y·张
J·D·波波维奇
D·A·耶特金
A·J·科特尔巴
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Tenneco Automotive Operating Co Inc
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/206Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20Mixing gases with liquids
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    • B01F23/213Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
    • B01F23/2132Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids using nozzles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/20Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams
    • B01F25/25Mixing by jets impinging against collision plates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/313Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
    • B01F25/3131Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40Static mixers
    • B01F25/42Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/4315Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being deformed flat pieces of material
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40Static mixers
    • B01F25/42Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/43197Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor characterised by the mounting of the baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/431974Support members, e.g. tubular collars, with projecting baffles fitted inside the mixing tube or adjacent to the inner wall
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
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    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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Abstract

提供了一种用于在发动机排气系统(10)中、添加剂喷射器(14)的下游使用的排气混合器(16)。混合器(16)包括第一壁结构(20)和承载一组混合器叶片(30)的第二壁结构(22),第二壁结构(22)是锥形的,并且从第一壁结构(20)沿径向向外延伸。

Description

排气添加剂/处理系统和用于在其中使用的混合器
相关申请的交叉引用
不适用。
联邦政府资助的研究或开发
不适用。
缩微胶片/版权引用
不适用。
发明背景
本发明涉及通过将一种或多种添加剂引入气流中来处理排气或其它气流的系统或装置,以及在这种系统中用来通常在催化器的上游混合添加剂与排气的混合器。
已知为了减少不合乎需要的排放,通过将一种或多种添加剂引入排气中以便在喷射的下游的装置中增强或产生催化反应,来处理排气或其它气流。在一种已知的系统中,还原剂被喷入柴油发动机的排气中,以便通过催化还原减少排气中的氮的氧化物(NOx)的量。在这种系统中,已知在催化反应之前,将以氨或尿素(溶解在水中)的形式提供添加剂。当这样做时,重要的是实现排气与添加剂/还原剂的充分混合。
发明概述
根据本发明,提供了一种用于在发动机排气系统中、添加剂喷射器的下游使用的排气混合器。
根据本发明的一个特征,混合器包括第一壁结构,以及承载一组混合器叶片的第二壁结构,该第二壁结构是锥形的,并且从第一壁结构沿径向向外延伸。
作为一个特征,该组混合器叶片中的各个叶片是梯形的。
在一个特征中,该组混合器叶片中的各个叶片从锥形壁结构沿径向向内延伸。
根据一个特征,该组中的叶片是穿孔的。
作为一个特征,第一壁结构承载内侧的一组混合器叶片。
在一个特征中,该内侧的一组混合器叶片与承载在第二壁结构上的那组混合器叶片大小不同。
根据一个特征,该内侧的一组混合器叶片与承载在第二壁结构上的那组混合器叶片形状不同。
在一个特征中,第一壁结构具有穿过其中的至少两个开口。
作为一个特征,该至少两个开口不具有与其相关联的混合器叶片结构。
在一个特征中,第一壁结构是盘形的,其具有形成于其中的两个半月形开口。
根据本发明的一个特征,该混合器包括具有第一大小和形状的第一组混合器叶片,以及具有第二大小和形状且位于第一组混合器叶片的径向外侧的第二组混合器叶片,第二大小和形状不同于第一大小和形状。
作为一个特征,第一组混合器叶片各自是三角形的。
在一个特征中,第二组混合器叶片各自是梯形的。
根据一个特征,第一大小小于第二大小的一半。
作为一个特征,第一组混合器叶片承载在盘形壁结构上。
在一个特征中,第二组混合器叶片承载在锥形壁结构上
根据本发明的一个特征,该混合器包括第一组三角形混合器叶片,以及从第一组叶片沿径向向外隔开的第二组梯形混合器叶片。
作为一个特征,第一组混合器叶片与第二组混合器叶片大小不同。
在一个特征中,第一组中的混合器叶片中的各个小于第二组中的混合器叶片的大小的一半。
根据一个特征,第一组混合器叶片承载在盘形壁结构上。
作为一个特征,第二组混合器叶片承载在锥形壁结构上。
根据本发明的一个特征,提供了一种用于处理排气的系统。该系统包括排气流径,定位成以便将添加剂引入排气流径中的添加剂喷射器,以及根据上述中的任何一个的、在排气流径中位于喷射器的下游的混合器。作为另一个特征,该系统可包括在排气流径中、喷射器的下游的催化器。
在阅读整个说明书-包括所附的权利要求书和附图之后,本发明的其它目的、特征和优点将变得显而易见。
附图简述
图1是用于通过在催化器的上游将添加剂引入排气中来处理排气的系统的示意图;
图2是沿着图1中的线2-2获得的、图1的混合器构件的视图;
图3是图2的混合器的透视图;
图4是从图2中的线4-4获得的图2的构件的侧视图;
图5是大体沿着图2中的线5-5获得的截面图;
图6是图1的混合器构件的一个备选实施例的透视图;
图7是图6的混合器的平面图;
图8是图6的混合器构件的侧视图;
图9是从图2和7中的线9-9中的任何一个获得的局部截面图;
图10是图1的混合器构件的一个备选实施例的平面图;以及
图11是沿着图10中的线11-11获得的截面图。
优选实施例的详细描述
参看图1,显示了一种用于处理来自发动机或其它产生排气的装置11的排气流(由箭头A示意性地显示)的系统10。系统10包括流径12、一个或多个添加剂喷射器14、混合器16,以及成选择性催化还原(SCR)催化器18的形式的后处理元件或区。可以以任何适当的形式提供流径12,并且典型地,将以排气管道或排气管以及/或者用于催化器18的壳体的形式提供流径12,并且流径12可与其它排气处理结构(诸如,例如消声器或特定的过滤器)结合或集成。添加剂喷射器(一个或多个)14也可为任何适当的形式,其中许多是已知的,并且在所示实施例中,添加剂喷射器14优选在混合器16和催化器18的上游将试剂溶液(由箭头B示意性地显示,典型地是尿素溶液)喷射到柴油机排气流A中。
参看图2-5,混合器16包括盘形壁结构或鼻部20,以及从壁结构20沿径向向外延伸到环形凸缘24的锥形壁结构22,其中所有的特征20、22、24均关于中心轴线25同心,并且凸缘24大小设置成以便接合流径12的圆柱形内壁表面。第一组(在所示的实施例中为十个)混合器叶片28承载在壁结构20上,而第二组(在所示的实施例中为九个)混合器叶片30承载在壁结构22上。各个叶片28具有对应的开口32,而各个叶片30具有对应的开口34。虽然可使用任何适当的构造,但是优选地,混合器16是由模压金属件形成的一体式构件,通过切割各个叶片28、30的周边以同时形成对应的开口32和34,然后使叶片28、30远离混合器16的上游侧36朝向混合器16的下游侧38弯曲,来形成混合器叶片28和30。
优选地,第一组混合器叶片28的大小和形状不同于第二组混合器叶片30的大小和形状。在这点上,在所示的实施例中,可看到第一组混合器叶片28是三角形的,而第二组混合器叶片30是梯形的,第一组混合器叶片28的大小小于第二组混合器叶片30的大小的四分之一。混合器叶片28优选地布置成以便通过利用它们的三角形形状来提供最大密度,同时在开口32之间保留足够量的壁结构20,以在混合器16的预期寿命内保持结构完整性。混合器叶片30优选地布置成周向排列,同时保留足够量的壁结构22,以在混合器16的预期寿命内保持结构完整性。
实验已经显示,壁结构20、叶片28和开口32往往使添加剂雾化和/或蒸发,并且壁结构22、叶片30和开口34往往使结合的排气/添加剂流旋动,与更传统的混合器相比,这两个现象结合起来,由系统10提供了增强的混合和更好的还原效率。
参照图6-8所示的混合器16的备选实施例,可看到盘形壁结构20的直径已经减小,这导致锥形壁结构22的大小的对应的增加,并且已经消除了叶片28且用两个半月形开口40来代替叶片28,开口40由壁结构22的细长的长方形部分42分开,并且由壁结构22的环形部分44包围。各个叶片30的大小已经增大了对应于壁结构22的大小增大的量,并且叶片的数量已经从九个减少到六个。在这点上,重要的是注意到叶片30的数量将高度地取决于各种应用的特定参数,包括流径12的内直径或尺寸、期望的背压和期望的混合量。优选地,各个叶片30包括一排穿孔46,穿孔46在图6-8中被显示为圆形开口,其意在增强添加剂和排气的混合。应力消除部48优选地提供于与壁结构22连接的各个叶片30的侧部的各端处。
如在图5和9中最佳地看到的那样,对于混合器16的两个实施例而言,叶片28和30相对于相关联的壁结构20或22具有范围可为从15°至90°的弯角α(交角)。再次,特定的弯角将高度地取决于各种应用的特定参数,包括例如期望的背压和混合量。另外,如在图10和11中看到的那样,还可行的是沿着叶片30的径向长度分开叶片30中的一个或多个,以形成子叶片30a和30b,叶片30a中的一个具有第一弯角αa,而叶片30b中的另一个具有弯角αb,弯角αb不同于弯角αa,以便进一步增强混合。
应当理解,虽然在本文中显示了混合器16的优选实施例,但是,取决于各种应用的特定参数,存在可能合乎需要的许多可行的修改。例如,对于两组叶片28和30中的任意一组或两者而言,其它形状、定向、数量、布置、大小和相对大小可为合乎需要的,通过图2-5中的叶片30和图6-8中的叶片30之间的差异显示了其一个实例。在这点上,应当理解,对于一些应用,穿孔46在图2-5的叶片30中可为合乎需要的,并且对于一些应用,从图6-8的实施例中的叶片30中消除穿孔44可为合乎需要的。类似地,在任一实施例中,可对叶片28和30中的任一个提供应力消除部48,或者可按各种应用的需要所规定的那样取消应力消除部48。作为另一个实例,对于一些应用,可能合乎需要的是壁结构22的锥角比图2-8的实施例中所示的更陡或更浅。类似地,可基于任何特定应用的参数来改变壁结构20的大小。

Claims (22)

1.一种用于在发动机排气系统中、添加剂喷射器的下游使用的排气混合器,所述混合器包括:
第一壁结构;和
承载一组混合器叶片的第二壁结构,所述第二壁结构是锥形的,并且从所述第一壁结构沿径向向外延伸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合器,其特征在于,所述一组混合器叶片中的各个叶片是梯形的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混合器,其特征在于,所述一组混合器叶片中的各个叶片从所述锥形壁结构沿径向向内延伸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的混合器,其特征在于,所述一组中的所述叶片是穿孔的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的混合器,其特征在于,所述第一壁结构承载内侧的一组混合器叶片。
6.根据权利要求5所述的混合器,其特征在于,所述内侧的一组混合器叶片与承载在所述第二壁结构上的所述一组混合器叶片大小不同。
7.根据权利要求5所述的混合器,其特征在于,所述内侧的一组混合器叶片与承载在所述第二壁结构上的一组混合器叶片形状不同。
8.根据权利要求1所述的混合器,其特征在于,所述第一壁结构具有从中穿过的至少两个开口。
9.根据权利要求8所述的混合器,其特征在于,所述至少两个开口不具有与其相关联的混合器叶片结构。
10.根据权利要求1所述的混合器,其特征在于,所述第一壁结构是盘形的,具有形成于其中的两个半月形开口。
11.一种用于在发动机排气系统中、添加剂喷射器的下游使用的排气混合器,所述混合器包括:
具有第一大小和形状的第一组混合器叶片;以及
具有第二大小和形状且位于所述第一组混合器叶片的径向外侧的第二组混合器叶片,所述第二大小和形状不同于所述第一大小和形状。
12.根据权利要求11所述的混合器,其特征在于,所述第一组混合器叶片各自是三角形的。
13.根据权利要求11所述的混合器,其特征在于,所述第二组混合器叶片各自是梯形的。
14.根据权利要求11所述的混合器,其特征在于,所述第一大小小于所述第二大小的一半。
15.根据权利要求11所述的混合器,其特征在于,所述第一组混合器叶片承载在盘形壁结构上。
16.根据权利要求11所述的混合器,其特征在于,所述第二组混合器叶片承载在锥形壁结构上。
17.一种用于在发动机排气系统中、添加剂喷射器的下游使用的排气混合器,所述混合器包括:
第一组三角形混合器叶片;以及
自所述第一组叶片沿径向向外隔开的第二组梯形混合器叶片。
18.根据权利要求17所述的混合器,其特征在于,所述第一组混合器叶片与所述第二组混合器叶片大小不同。
19.根据权利要求18所述的混合器,其特征在于,所述第一组中的混合器叶片中的各个小于所述第二组中的混合器叶片的大小的一半。
20.根据权利要求17所述的混合器,其特征在于,所述第一组混合器叶片承载在盘形壁结构上。
21.根据权利要求17所述的混合器,其特征在于,所述第二组混合器叶片承载在锥形壁结构上。
22.根据权利要求1所述的排气混合器,其特征在于,所述一组混合器叶片的叶片中的至少一个被分开,以形成至少一对子叶片,所述子叶片中的各个与所述子叶片中的另一个相比,与所述第二壁结构具有不同的交角。
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EP2268906A1 (en) 2011-01-05
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