CN102002065B - 他喷他多的制备方法及其中间体 - Google Patents
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- ZELFLGGRLLOERW-YECZQDJWSA-N 3-[(2r,3r)-1-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpentan-3-yl]phenol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CN(C)C[C@H](C)[C@@H](CC)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1 ZELFLGGRLLOERW-YECZQDJWSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229960004143 tapentadol hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 dimethyl tertiary butyl silica Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 11
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007818 Grignard reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005882 aldol condensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-SCSAIBSYSA-N D-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-SCSAIBSYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003747 Grignard reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930182820 D-proline Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- FRIJBUGBVQZNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;ethane;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[CH2-]C FRIJBUGBVQZNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical group BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006193 diazotization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 2
- 150000004795 grignard reagents Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 13
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004448 alkyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- CFHIDWOYWUOIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomethyl Chemical compound O=[CH] CFHIDWOYWUOIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenecarboxaldehyde Natural products O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000027 (C1-C10) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000006374 C2-C10 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- DCERHCFNWRGHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[Si](C)C Chemical compound C[Si](C)C DCERHCFNWRGHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 125000005129 aryl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000005982 diphenylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004170 methylsulfonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 0 *c1cc(C=O)ccc1 Chemical compound *c1cc(C=O)ccc1 0.000 description 2
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)C=C1 YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- XHFGWHUWQXTGAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylamine hydrochloride Natural products CNC(C)C XHFGWHUWQXTGAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CNC IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N morphine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960005126 tapentadol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KWTWDQCKEHXFFR-SMDDNHRTSA-N tapentadol Chemical compound CN(C)C[C@H](C)[C@@H](CC)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1 KWTWDQCKEHXFFR-SMDDNHRTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-QMMMGPOBSA-N (-)-norepinephrine Chemical compound NC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YONLFQNRGZXBBF-ZIAGYGMSSA-N (2r,3r)-2,3-dibenzoyloxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound O([C@@H](C(=O)O)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(O)=O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YONLFQNRGZXBBF-ZIAGYGMSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZETIVVHRRQLWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobenzaldehyde Chemical group [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC(C=O)=C1 ZETIVVHRRQLWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000549 4-dimethylaminophenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010067484 Adverse reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FKLJPTJMIBLJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Compound IV Chemical compound O1N=C(C)C=C1CCCCCCCOC1=CC=C(C=2OCCN=2)C=C1 FKLJPTJMIBLJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006683 Mannich reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101710178223 Mu-type opioid receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100028647 Mu-type opioid receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229940121954 Opioid receptor agonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010041349 Somnolence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000005298 acute pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006838 adverse reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003935 benzaldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000002173 dizziness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003810 ethyl acetate extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010253 intravenous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229960005181 morphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002748 norepinephrine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N norepinephrine Natural products NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003402 opiate agonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007935 oral tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940096978 oral tablet Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenolate Chemical compound [O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940031826 phenolate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl bromide Natural products BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009103 reabsorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C213/08—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions not involving the formation of amino groups, hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C217/00—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/54—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/64—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton with amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by carbon chains further substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
- C07C217/66—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton with amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by carbon chains further substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with singly-bound oxygen atoms and six-membered aromatic rings bound to the same carbon atom of the carbon chain
- C07C217/72—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton with amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by carbon chains further substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with singly-bound oxygen atoms and six-membered aromatic rings bound to the same carbon atom of the carbon chain linked by carbon chains having at least three carbon atoms between the amino groups and the six-membered aromatic ring or the condensed ring system containing that ring
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及他喷他多的制备方法及其中间体。更具体而言,涉及结构如式II所示的化合物及其对映异构体、非对映异构体、外消旋体、对映异构体或非对映异构体的混合物以及它们的盐;式II化合物的制备方法;式II化合物用于制备他喷他多的用途;用于制备式II化合物的中间体。本发明提供的他喷他多的制备方法条件温和、操作简便、立体选择性高、安全环保、适合大规模商业化生产,并且原料和催化剂市场供应充足,价格便宜。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物化学领域,涉及他喷他多的制备方法及其中间体。更具体而言,涉及结构如下式II所示的化合物及其对映异构体、非对映异构体、外消旋体、对映异构体或非对映异构体的混合物以及它们的盐、其制备方法以及采用式II化合物制备他喷他多的方法,此外,本发明还涉及用于制备式II化合物的中间体。
背景技术
盐酸他喷他多(Tapentadol)结构
盐酸他喷他多(Tapentadol,结构式如上所示),化学名为3-[(1R,2R)-3-(二甲基氨基)-1-乙基-2-甲基丙基]苯酚盐酸盐。盐酸他喷他多是德国格兰泰公司(Grunenthal GmbH)和强生公司(Johnson&Johnson)联合研发的有双重功效的止痛剂,它是μ型阿片类受体激动剂和去甲肾上腺素重吸收抑制剂,其效能介于吗啡和曲马多之间,静脉注射或口服均能取得满意的药物血清水平,且耐受性良好。与静脉持续注射盐酸他喷他多相关的最常见不良反应包括嗜睡、眩晕、口干和恶心(Drugs of the Future,2006,Vol.31,Issue 12,p1053)。
2008年11月,FDA批准了盐酸他喷他多速释口服片剂上市,用途为缓解中重度急性疼痛。
合成盐酸他喷他多的策略主要有两种。一是通过间甲氧基溴苯格氏试剂和1-(二甲基胺)-2-甲基-3-羰基戊烷反应生成化合物1,再通过手性分离得到其中的(2R,3R)构型,即关键中间体2,然后再通过氯代或者消除、还原和成盐得到盐酸他喷他多(参见EP693475A1),反应流程见如下反应式I:
反应式I
另外一种策略(参见WO2008012047A1)是用间甲氧基苯丙酮与二甲基胺盐酸盐以及多聚甲醛发生曼尼希反应,再用L-(-)-二苯甲酰酒石酸拆分得到关键中间体3,中间体3与溴乙烷格氏试剂反应得到化合物4,化合物4再通过消除、不对称还原、脱除甲基和成盐得到盐酸他喷他多,反应流程见如下反应式II:
反应式II
以上两种方法的缺点在于需要进行手性拆分或分步生成两个手性中心,操作繁琐,效率较低。
L-脯氨酸催化的aldol缩合反应(Tetrahedron:Asymmetry 14(2003)3153-3172)是已经经过广泛研究的一步生成两个手性中心的反应,该方法操作简便,产率高,以及L-脯氨酸有商业供应且价格便宜。但是,此反应从未应用于他喷他多母核的制备。
发明内容
本发明人致力于寻找条件温和、操作简便、立体选择性高、安全环保、适合大规模商业化生产的他喷他多的制备方法。以间位取代的苯甲醛为原料,用L-脯氨酸催化其与丙醛的aldol缩合反应,一步生成两个手性中心的化合物,该化合物然后再经与二甲胺反应、与甲基格氏试剂反应(同时翻转构型)、最后再转换间位取代基为羟基而得到他喷他多。在该制备过程中设计合成了如下式II所示的化合物,由其可以高效而安全地合成他喷他多。
因此,本发明的一个目的在于提供一种如下式II所示的化合物及其对映异构体、非对映异构体、外消旋体、对映异构体或非对映异构体的混合物以及它们的盐;
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种式II所示化合物的制备方法;
本发明的还一目的在于提供一种式II所示化合物用于制备他喷他多的用途;
本发明的再一目的在于提供两种制备所述式II化合物的中间体。
因此,根据本发明的一方面,本发明提供如下式II所示的化合物及其对映异构体、非对映异构体、外消旋体、对映异构体或非对映异构体的混合物以及它们的盐:
在上式中,R选自OR1、硝基和氨基之中,其中R1选自C1-C10烷基、C2-C10链烯基、三(C1-C10烷基或芳基)硅基、芳基C1-C10烷基、甲酰基、C1-C10烷基羰基、芳基羰基、芳基C1-C10烷基羰基、C1-C10烷氧基羰基和芳基C1-C10烷氧基羰基之中,其中,所述芳基为苯基或萘基;且所述R1优选为甲酰基、乙酰基、苯甲酰基、苄基、三甲基硅基、二甲基叔丁基硅基或二苯基甲基硅基;
R2为对甲苯磺酰基、三氟甲磺酰基或甲磺酰基。
优选式II所示的化合物为(1S,2S)-1-(3-(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)苯基)-3-(二甲基胺基)-2-甲基丙基-4-甲苯磺酸酯。
根据本发明的另一方面,本发明提供式II所示化合物的制备方法,该方法包括:在碱存在下,式III所示化合物与化合物R2X进行常规取代反应,得到式II所示化合物,其反应式为:
其中R和R2的定义同上,X为氯、溴或碘。
在上述制备方法中,所述式III所示化合物可按如下方法得到:在还原剂存在下,式IV所示化合物与二甲胺发生常规还原胺化反应,得到式III所示化合物,其反应式为:
其中R的定义同上。
所述式IV所示化合物可按如下方法得到:在R-脯氨酸存在下,化合物V与丙醛发生Aldol缩合反应得到化合物IV,其反应式为:
其中,R的定义同上。
根据本发明的又一方面,本发明提供一种采用式II所示化合物用于制备他喷他多的用途,其特征在于:
(1)当R为OR1,R1定义同上,R2为对甲苯磺酰基、三氟甲磺酰基或甲磺酰基时,式II所示化合物与乙基格氏试剂进行常规格氏反应,得到化合物I;以及化合物I再脱去保护基得到他喷他多,其反应式为:
(2)当R为硝基,R2为对甲苯磺酰基、三氟甲磺酰基或甲磺酰基时,式II所示化合物与乙基格氏试剂进行常规格氏反应,得到R为硝基的化合物I;R为硝基的化合物I再还原得到R为氨基的化合物I,再经过常规重氮化、水解得到他喷他多,其反应式为:
根据本发明的再一方面,本发明提供中间体式III所示化合物及其对映异构体、非对映异构体、外消旋体、对映异构体或非对映异构体的混合物以及它们的盐:
其中,R选自OR1、硝基和氨基之中,
其中,R1选自C1-C10烷基、C2-C10链烯基、三(C1-C10烷基或芳基)硅基、芳基C1-C10烷基、甲酰基、C1-C10烷基羰基、芳基羰基、芳基C1-C10烷基羰基、C1-C10烷氧基羰基和芳基C1-C10烷氧基羰基之中,所述芳基为苯基或萘基;且所述R1优选为甲酰基、乙酰基、苯甲酰基、苄基、三甲基硅基、二甲基叔丁基硅基或二苯基甲基硅基。
优选式III所示的化合物为(1S,2S)-1-(3-(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)苯基)-3-(二甲基胺基)-2-甲基-1-丙醇。
本发明还提供中间体式IV化合物及其对映异构体、非对映异构体、外消旋体、对映异构体或非对映异构体的混合物以及它们的盐:
其中,R选自OR1、硝基和氨基之中,
其中,R1选自C1-C10烷基、C2-C10链烯基、三(C1-C10烷基或芳基)硅基、芳基C1-C10烷基、甲酰基、C1-C10烷基羰基、芳基羰基、芳基C1-C10烷基羰基、C1-C10烷氧基羰基和芳基C1-C10烷氧基羰基之中,所述芳基为苯基或萘基;且所述R1优选为甲酰基、乙酰基、苯甲酰基、苄基、三甲基硅基、二甲基叔丁基硅基或二苯基甲基硅基。
优选式IV所示的化合物为(2R,3S)-3-(3-(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)苯基)-3-羟基-2-甲基丙醛。
本发明实现的有益的技术效果如下:
(1)本路线为制备他喷他多的全新路线,所有中间体为新化合物。
(2)本路线一步通过L-脯氨酸催化的aldol缩合生成两个手性中心,优于以往的手性拆分路线。
(3)原料和催化剂为间取代苯甲醛、丙醛和L-脯氨酸,市场供应充足,价格便宜。
总之,采用式II所示化合物制备他喷他多的方法,路线新颖,操作简便。
附图说明
图1为(2R,3R)-N,N,2-三甲基-3-(3-硝基苯基)戊基-1-胺的NMR谱图。
具体实施方式
通过以下实施例进一步说明本发明,以下实施例仅用于更具体说明本发明的优选实施方式,不对本发明的技术方案构成限定。上述本发明的技术方案均为可实现本发明目的之技术方案。
在下述制备例中,核磁共振由Bruker AMX-400型和INVOA-600型核磁共振仪测定,TMS为内标,化学位移单位为ppm;质谱由MAT-711型和MAT-95型质谱仪测定;柱层析用硅胶200-300目,青岛海洋化工厂生产;TLC硅胶板为烟台化工厂生产的HSGF-254型薄层层析预制板;石油醚沸程为60-90℃;采用紫外灯,碘缸显色。制备例中若未特别指出操作方法,所述浓缩指用旋转蒸发仪将制备化合物溶液中的溶剂蒸出;所述干燥指用DHG-9240A恒温干燥箱在60℃将制备化合物烘干。
实施例1
往100ml单口烧瓶中依次投入30ml N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯甲醛14.2g(0.06mol,1eq)、R-脯氨酸2.07g(0.018mol,0.3eq),在冰水浴下缓慢滴加丙醛8.8ml(0.12mol,2eq),反应约3h后加入30ml水终止反应;再加适量乙酸乙酯进行萃取,干燥,旋干后得到油状物(2R,3S)-3-羟基-2-甲基-3-(3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯基)丙醛,该油状物直接投入下一步反应。
实施例2
往250ml单口烧瓶中依次投入20ml二氯甲烷、二甲胺盐酸盐3.59g(0.044mol,1.1eq),冰水浴下慢慢加入三乙胺4.45g(0.044mol,1.1eq),反应一段时间后加入上述制备油状物(2R,3S)-3-羟基-2-甲基-3-(3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯基)丙醛(0.04mol,1.0eq)的甲醇溶液50ml,再分批加入NaBH4,低温下反应2h;然后,加入适量水和乙酸乙酯进行萃取,干燥,旋干后得到油状物(1S,2S)-3-(二甲基胺基)-2-甲基-1-(3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯基)-1-丙醇,该油状物直接投入下一步反应。
实施例3
在冰水浴中,向上述实施例2制备的油状物(1S,2S)-3-(二甲基胺基)-2-甲基-1-(3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯基)-1-丙醇中依次投入50ml二氯甲烷,对甲苯磺酰氯9.144g(0.048mol,1.2eq),三乙胺6.06g(0.06mol,1.5eq),少量4-二甲氨基吡啶,反应约3h;然后,加入适量水终止反应,用乙酸乙酯萃取,干燥,旋干,得到白色固体(1S,2S)-3-(二甲基胺基)-2-甲基-1-(3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯基)丙基-4-甲苯磺酸酯,两步收率85%。
实施例4
将CuI(2mmol)、四氢呋喃(5ml)加入到反应瓶中,冰盐浴冷却到-10℃,加入乙基溴化镁(2mmol),搅拌五分钟,然后加入(1S,2S)-3-(二甲基胺基)-2-甲基-1-(3-硝基苯基)丙基-4-甲苯磺酸酯(1mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液(5ml),-10℃下搅拌24小时。反应结束后,加入氯化铵溶液(10ml)淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,干燥,旋干,即可得到(2R,3R)-3-(3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯基)-N,N,2-三甲基戊基-1-胺,产率70%。
实施例5
向实施例4得到的(2R,3R)-3-(3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯基)-N,N,2-三甲基戊基-1-胺(1mmol)溶解于10ml甲醇中,滴加三氟醋酸(1mmol),常温下搅拌1小时,浓缩反应液,有固体析出,过滤,得到他喷他多(0.8mmol),产率98%。
实施例6
除了将3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯甲醛替换为3-硝基苯甲醛外,以与实施例1相同的方式制备得到(2R,3S)-3-羟基-2-甲基-3-(3-硝基苯基)丙醛。
实施例7
除了将(2R,3S)-3-羟基-2-甲基-3-(3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯基)丙醛替换为(2R,3S)-3-羟基-2-甲基-3-(3-硝基苯基)丙醛外,以与实施例2相同的方式制备得到(1S,2S)-3-(二甲基胺基)-2-甲基-1-(3-硝基苯基)-1-丙醇。
实施例8
除了将(1S,2S)-3-(二甲基胺基)-2-甲基-1-(3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯基)-1-丙醇替换为(1S,2S)-3-(二甲基胺基)-2-甲基-1-(3-硝基苯基)-1-丙醇外,以与实施例3相同的方式制备得到(1S,2S)-3-(二甲基胺基)-2-甲基-1-(3-硝基苯基)丙基-4-甲苯磺酸酯。
实施例9
除了将(1S,2S)-3-(二甲基胺基)-2-甲基-1-(3-硝基苯基)丙基-4-甲苯磺酸酯替换为(1S,2S)-3-(二甲基胺基)-2-甲基-1-(3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯基)丙基-4-甲苯磺酸酯外,以与实施例4相同的方式制备(2R,3R)-N,N,2-三甲基-3-(3-硝基苯基)戊基-1-胺。
实施例10
将上述实施例9所得的(2R,3R)-N,N,2-三甲基-3-(3-硝基苯基)戊基-1-胺(1mmol)溶于甲醇(10ml),加入兰尼镍,然后氢化过夜,过滤,旋干甲醇溶液,即得产物(2R,3R)-N,N,2-三甲基-3-(3-氨基苯基)戊基-1-胺,两步收率60%左右。
实施例11
0℃下,将实施例10制备的(2R,3R)-N,N,2-三甲基-3-(3-氨基苯基)戊基-1-胺(1mmol)加入到浓硫酸(0.3ml)和水(3ml)的溶液中,然后加入NaNO2(90mg),搅拌半个小时,接着将此溶液加入到5ml沸水中,回流20分钟,冷却至室温,调节pH=8,用乙酸乙酯萃取,干燥,旋干,制得他喷他多,收率75%。
Claims (7)
1.一种如下式(II)所示的化合物以及它们的盐:
其中,R选自OR1和硝基之中,
其中,R1为二甲基叔丁基硅基;
R2为对甲苯磺酰基。
2.一种权利要求1所述的化合物以及它们的盐的制备方法,该方法包括:在碱存在下,式(III)所示化合物与化合物R2X进行常规取代反应,得到式(II)所示化合物,其反应式为:
其中R和R2的定义同权利要求1,X为氯、溴或碘。
3.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其中,所述式(III)所示化合物按如下方法得到:在还原剂存在下,式(IV)所示化合物与二甲胺发生常规还原胺化反应,得到式(III)所示化合物,其反应式为:
其中,R的定义同权利要求1。
4.如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其中,所述式(IV)所示化合物按如下方法得到:在R-脯氨酸存在下,化合物(V)与丙醛发生Aldol缩合反应得到化合物(IV),其反应式为:
其中,R的定义同权利要求1。
5.权利要求1所述的化合物以及它们的盐用于制备他喷他多的用途,其特征在于,
当R为OR1,R1定义同权利要求1,R2为对甲苯磺酰基时,式(II)所示化合物与乙基格氏试剂EtMgBr进行常规格氏反应,得到化合物(I);以及化合物(I)再脱去保护基得到他喷他多,其反应式为:
当R为硝基,R2为对甲苯磺酰基时,式(II)所示化合物与乙基格氏试剂EtMgBr进行常规格氏反应,得到R为硝基的化合物(I);R为硝基的化合物(I)再常规还原得到R为氨基的化合物(I),再经过常规重氮化、水解得到他喷他多,其反应式为:
6.一种下式(III)所示的化合物以及它们的盐,
其中,R选自OR1和硝基之中,
其中,R1为二甲基叔丁基硅基。
7.如下式(IV)所示的化合物,
其中,R选自OR1和硝基之中,
其中,R1为二甲基叔丁基硅基。
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| CZ307492B6 (cs) | 2014-02-04 | 2018-10-17 | Zentiva, K.S. | Pevná forma maleátu tapentadolu a způsob její přípravy |
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