CN102000344B - 一种掩味的药物涂层组合物 - Google Patents
一种掩味的药物涂层组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102000344B CN102000344B CN 201010227639 CN201010227639A CN102000344B CN 102000344 B CN102000344 B CN 102000344B CN 201010227639 CN201010227639 CN 201010227639 CN 201010227639 A CN201010227639 A CN 201010227639A CN 102000344 B CN102000344 B CN 102000344B
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Abstract
本发明揭示了一种综合性能改善的异味不易被服用者察觉的药物涂层组合物,该涂层组合物包括:a)、外覆的涂层,该涂层含有在任何pH值下均不溶于或几乎不溶于水的聚合物、溶于酸性介质但不溶于或几乎不溶于中性或碱性pH介质中的聚合物以及无不愉快的异味的不溶于或几乎不溶于水但能溶于酸性介质及碱性介质的颗粒物;b)、被上述涂层包覆的含有有不愉快的异味的药物的核芯。该涂层组合物即能促进药物在胃中的释放,又能促进在胃中未释放或未完全释放就进入肠的药物在肠中的释放,使涂敷的组合物将药物成分输送至体循环更完全,药物的生物利用度更高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种异味不易被服用者察觉的药物涂层组合物。具体说来,本发明涉及一种综合性能改善的异味不易被服用者察觉的药物涂层组合物,该涂层组合物即能促进药物在胃中的释放,又能促进在胃中未释放或未完全释放就进入肠的药物在肠中的释放,使涂敷的组合物将药物成分输送至体循环更完全,药物的生物利用度更高。
技术背景
很多活性成分,例如抗生素,具有强烈的不愉快味道,如味觉方面的苦味、辣味、涩味等,嗅觉方面的臭味。这种不愉快的异味常产生多方面的不利影响,例如,药物令人不快的味道会使得难以下咽,或使病人回避药物治疗,由此导致病人的低配合性。当药剂配制成整体吞服的片剂或胶囊时,活性成分的味道通常不是问题,因为胶囊可以防止活性成分不与嘴接触,而片剂可以被包覆以防止片剂在嘴里的短时间内活性成分与嘴接触。但是,这种掩蔽味觉的方法不能应用于适合儿童、老年人和许多其他患者的在给药前或在给药过程中分解的剂型,例如咀嚼片剂与液体制剂。而儿童、老年人和许多其他患者在服用未分解的片剂和胶囊时都有困难。因此,掩蔽这些在给药前或在给药过程中需分解的制剂中的活性剂的不愉快味道,使之具备良好的可口性或可食性对于确保病人遵嘱服用是至关重要的。
一种常用掩蔽活性成分不愉快味道的可能方法是包衣。它将含有不愉快味道的活性成分的成型制品包敷味道掩蔽衣,包衣阻止了活性成分的释放,因而阻止了不愉快味道的产生。
例如,美国专利US5489436揭示包衣掩味的咀嚼片,其中含药物的颗粒的包衣是“反肠溶衣”型的,设计成在胃里的低pH值下可以溶解但在嘴里较高的pH值下具有水相对不溶解性。这种包衣含有甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙基酯和天然甲基丙烯酸酯和纤维素酯的聚合物掺合物。这种包衣的颗粒掩味效果中是令人满意的,但是,纤维素聚合物在所有pH值下渗透性和溶解度却很低,导致活性物质的极为缓慢的释放;甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙基酯和天然甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物是胃溶性的,溶解性pH依赖性的,其溶解性受到介质pH值的强烈影响,或者其只能较低pH值下才能溶解,不能在中性和碱性pH条件下溶解,换而言之,这种制剂在胃中的滞留时间不足够长和/或胃中pH值不足够低,这类胃溶性的聚合物就不会充分溶解,此时制剂离开胃进入肠中将导致活性物质的极为缓慢的释放。这种制剂在胃中的时间及胃中的pH值受胃的机能(如胃排空等)及食物等诸多因素的影响。胃的机能(如胃排空等)及胃中的pH值等因素受人的体质、疾病、年龄、性别、体位等生理因素的影响,而且个体差异大。多种研究表明,食物是影响制剂在胃中的时间及胃中的pH值非常重要的影响因素,如当胃中有约200ml或更多(非脂质)流体时,制剂在胃中的时间及胃中的pH值将受到显著的影响,制剂在胃中的时间将大幅减少,胃中的pH值将大幅上升。另外,剂型因素,如释药系统的状态(固体或液体)、大小以及密度也影响该释药系统胃排空时间等的重要因素。如果受到上述不利因素的影响,该制剂在药物全部释放部位(即胃)不能在够低的pH值环境下滞留足够长的时间,胃溶性的聚合物不经过充分溶解,药物就不能全部释放,而一旦该制剂(释药系统)离开药物主要释放位置之后,药物的释放及吸收就可能不完全,药物的生物利用度因此而降低。类似此的技术还有US6551617B1。
再如,为了能增强胃中酸环境中上述胃溶性涂料(聚醋酸乙烯酯和甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯和中性的甲基丙烯酸酯)的溶解速度,美国专利US6663893B2(或者参见EP1276470B1)及US6551617B1,在上述涂料组合物中添加了碱性改性剂,以增强活性成分的释放。这两个专利公开合适的碱性改性剂实例为三乙醇胺(TEA)、碱性氨基酸、滑石、油酸铵、葡甲胺(meglumine)、三甲胺、硅酸钙、硅酸铝镁、常规用于食品工业的食品碱化剂或其混合物。碱性氨基酸可以是例如,L-精氨酸、L-组氨酸、(玉米)醇溶蛋白(prolamine,zein)或其混合物。
但是,US6663893B2及US6551617B1也有许多重大缺陷:
水溶性的碱性改性剂如三乙醇胺(TEA)、碱性氨基酸如L-精氨酸及L-组氨酸、葡甲胺、三甲胺等因其较大的水溶性,易在口腔中溶解,故其易使涂层在口腔产生微孔,易使药物从微孔中溶出,从而产生后继的让人不愉快的异味,尤其是该涂料组合物在口腔中滞留时间较长,如大于40秒或更长些。另外,这些极性很大的物质虽然增强了胃中酸环境中涂料的溶解速度,但是它们与涂层中的聚合物相容性很差,二者共混时会出现两相间界面能甚高,相互间的粘合力甚差的问题,(采用非水溶媒时,还会造成分散不均),水溶性的碱性改性剂(或称致孔剂)也将成为涂层中的应力集中点,成为涂层中的薄弱环节,使涂层机械强度或机械性能大幅降低,如强度、韧性、弹性等下降,易使涂层破裂。这些弊端不但限制了它们在涂层中的添加量,而且还严重影响制剂产品性能(参见文献:US06974591背景技术部分;《高分子化学及物理》,王梓杰主编,中国轻工业出版社出版,1992年04月第1版,第345页;《高聚物的表面与界面》,吴人洁主编,科学出版社(北京),第104~110页;无机填料的改性,江西化工,2001年,第4期,第17~18页)。
虽然,滑石、硅酸钙、硅酸铝镁及玉米醇溶蛋白等有一定的疏水性,与聚合物的相容性相对较好,然而,硅酸钙、硅酸铝镁有较强的吸附性,易吸附药物,阻缓药物在胃中的溶出,使药物吸收变慢;而且,硅酸钙、硅酸铝镁在酸或水等作用下在水中形成凝胶,而凝胶也能阻缓胃溶涂层及药物在胃中的溶出,使药物吸收变慢,这些因素都将影响药物的生物利用度(参见文献著作相关条文部分:The Merck Index,13th Edtion;《药剂辅料大全》,罗明生、高天惠主编,四川科学技术出版社,1993年3月第1版;《药用辅料手册》,(原著第四版),R.C.罗等编,郑俊民主译,化学工业出版社,2005年1月第1版)。
醇溶蛋白是指不溶于水,也不溶于不含水的醇类,但可以溶解于体积分数60%~95%的醇类水溶液中的蛋白,醇溶蛋白除醇类水溶液外通常只溶于含SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠)等表面活性剂的水溶液中。而溶于酸或碱的(种子)蛋白被列为谷蛋白(参见文献:Tanaka Y,etal.Isolation and characterization of protein bodies in the rice endosperm,[J].Agric Biol Chem,1980,44:1633~1639;水稻醇溶蛋白提取条件和总含量分布,蒋冬花等,浙江农业学报,19(3):174~178,2007;大麦醇溶蛋白中高赖氨酸组分的溶解特性研究,董牛等,植物学报,1989,31(9):689~695;小麦醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白研究进展,董超华等,山地农业生物学报,22(2):164~168,2003),如玉米醇溶蛋白不溶于水、稀酸及稀碱,仅在强碱性(pH11.5或更高)溶液中才能溶解,而且在低浓度盐溶液中易产生沉淀(参见文献:化工词典,http://www.chemyq.com/xz/xz7/63938pkqbn.htm;玉米醇溶蛋白提取工艺及功能性质研究,张钟、齐爱云,粮食与饲料工业,2004年09期;《药用辅料手册》,(原著第四版),R.C.罗等编,郑俊民主译,化学工业出版社,2005年1月第1版,第801页)了。由于醇溶蛋白或玉米醇溶蛋白在稀酸中不溶解,也不能与稀酸作用生成可溶性物质,因此,醇溶蛋白或玉米醇溶蛋白在加速药物在胃中的溶出的作用难以发挥。同样,滑石也是如此,因其在稀酸、稀碱中均几乎不溶解,与酸作用不能生成溶于水的物质。
油酸铵有较好的水溶性且有一定的疏水性(含有疏水基油酸基),但是,它在胃中酸作用下不产生水溶性的盐,而仅产生不溶于水的液态油(滴),且此油(滴)因较难在肠或胃中复溶而附着于衣膜,故其也很难以进一步加速药物在胃中的溶出;另外,油酸铵化学性质不够稳定,易氧化,生产不良异味。
由于上述与酸作用不能生成溶于水的物质的碱性化合物,在涂层中不能形成微孔,且它们在胃中与胃溶聚合物竞争氢离子,因此,它们反而抑制了胃溶聚合物的溶出,一定程度减慢了药物在胃中的溶出。
更重要的缺陷是,美国专利US6663893B2(或者参见EP1276470B1)及US6551617B1提及的水不溶性的碱性改性剂如滑石、硅酸钙、硅酸铝镁及玉米醇溶蛋白,在碱中不溶,它们不能促进药物在碱性的肠中的释放,该制剂(释药系统)在胃中释药不完全就离开药物主要释放部位之后,余下的药物的释放及吸收在肠中也将难以完全进行,使药物的生物利用度降低。
此外,美国专利US6663893B2(或者参见EP1276470B1)及US6551617B1提及的一些碱性改性剂有不愉快的异味,如L-精氨酸(味微苦)、L-组氨酸(味苦)、油酸铵(有猪油样臭味,氧化后更有酸败臭味;及氨臭味)、葡甲胺(带咸涩味)、三乙醇胺(有氨臭味)、三甲胺(具有氨臭和鱼醒臭气味)。
特别需要指出的是,上述应用了两种不同聚合物的反“肠溶衣”技术,此等衣膜中常有许多微孔。当这两种不同聚合物相容性较好时,这些微孔会在贮藏过程中自行缓缓愈合,使衣膜的通渗性慢慢下降,使药物的生物利用度降低。
因此,现实中需要对上述技术在继承其优点的基础上克服其缺陷。
发明目的
发明的目的是提供一种综合性能改善的异味不易被服用者察觉的药物涂层组合物。
具体说来,发明的目的之一是提供一种综合性能改善的异味不易被服用者察觉的药物涂层组合物,该涂层组合物即能促进药物在胃中的释放,又能促进在胃中未释放或未完全释放就进入肠的药物在肠中的释放,使涂敷的组合物将药物成分输送至体循环更完全,药物的生物利用度更高。
发明的目的之二是提供一种综合性能改善的异味不易被服用者察觉的药物涂层组合物,该涂层组合物能较大程度地增强掩盖药物的不愉快的异味的效果,延长药物涂层组合物服用后在口腔中被察觉到药物不愉快的异味的时间。
发明的目的之三是提供一种综合性能改善的异味不易被服用者察觉的药物涂层组合物,该涂层组合物的涂层的机械性能较大程度地被增强。
其他发明目的见下面的说明书的详细说明。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种在给药过程中不愉快的异味不易被服用者察觉的药物涂层组合物,其特征在于该涂层组合物包括:
a)、外覆的涂层,该涂层含有:
1)、一种药学上可接受的在任何pH值下均不溶于或几乎不溶于水的聚合物,
2)、一种药学上可接受的溶于酸性介质但不溶于或几乎不溶于中性或碱性pH介质中的聚合物,以及
3)、一种药学上可接受的无不愉快的异味的不溶于或几乎不溶于水但能溶于酸性介质及碱性介质的颗粒物,其中,上述的在任何pH值下均不溶于或几乎不溶于水的聚合物与上述的溶于酸性介质但不溶于或几乎不溶于中性或碱性pH介质中的聚合物相容或完全相容;
b)、被上述涂层包覆的含有一种有不愉快的异味的药物的核芯。
本文所用的术语“不愉快的异味”是指为服用者在口中含服时在味觉、嗅觉方面尤其是味觉方面感到任何不愉快的味道,包括苦、涩、泥土味、金属味、咸、强烈酸、强烈碱、强烈盐、干、刺鼻(sharp)、强烈凉、热、烧、辛辣、木质味、烟、辣、臭味和/或任何让人不愉快的回味。
本发明使用的术语“活性成分”、“生物活性成分”、“药用活性组分”、“活性物”、“活性剂”及“生物活性物质”、“药物”等是指任何物质当其施予活体时具有可检测的生物效应包括任何生理学的、诊断的、预防性的或药理学效应。此术语旨在包括但不限于任何药学的、治疗学的、预防性的、营养学的物质。
本文所用的术语“溶于酸性介质或碱性介质”是指与稀盐酸或稀碱作用生成水溶性的产物,不生成不溶于水的非气态的产物的意思。
本文所用的术语“溶于”是指物质溶剂中的溶解度(温度25℃时)不小于33mg/ml,较佳地不小于50mg/ml,更佳地不小于100mg/ml,最佳地不小于500mg/ml。
本文所用的术语“不溶于或几乎不溶于”是指物质在溶剂中的溶解度(温度25℃时)不大于30mg/ml,较佳地不大于15mg/ml,更佳地不大于10mg/ml,最佳地不大于1mg/ml。
本发明涉及的“药学上可接受的”是指在制剂中能彼此混合且相互无有害作用而不会降低制剂稳定性和/或效力且适用于局部或全身给药的意思。
本发明使用的术语“包含”及“含有”是指包括但不限于或除了此物还可以包含其他成分等类似的含义。
本发明使用的术语“一种”是指至少为一种,可以为只有一种,也可以为二种或多种。
本发明使用的术语“人工胃液”是指含或不含1%胃蛋白酶的pH值1.2的盐酸液。
本发明使用的术语“人工肠液”是指含或不含1%胰酶的pH值7.8的磷酸盐缓冲液。
发明的详细说明
下面详细介绍本发明,首先介绍涂层中的主要成分。
希望不完全受制于下列原理。聚合物间的相容性表现为完全不相容、(部分)相容及完全相容。两种有一定相容性的聚合物相混,首先在界面处相互湿润,然后两相大分子链段通过热运动而相互扩散,扩散的结果,使得两种聚合物在界面两边产生明显的浓度梯度。这种具有明显浓度梯度的区域构成了两相间的界面层。界面层的厚度主要决定于两种聚合物的相容性。随着相容性的增加,扩散程度提高,相界面越来越模糊,界面层厚度越来越大,以致最终相界面完全消失,成为均相共混物,达到完全相容(聚合物合金的相容性与增容,青岛大学学报,1995年5月,第10卷,第l期,第91页)。正是由于这种相互扩散渗透,相混后的有一定相容性的聚合物,贮藏过程中可以缓缓愈合或在高于聚合物的玻璃化转变点的温度下可以快速愈合,结果可使相容的两种聚合物相互间发生一定程度的融合,减少或消除二者间的缝隙,从而可使在包衣过程形成的微孔缩小或消除,并形成较完整致密的包衣或涂层。较完整致密的包衣或涂层有利于阻止有不愉快的异味的药物从涂层组合物溶出,防止或延缓产生后继的让人不愉快的异味,增强掩盖药物的不愉快的异味的效果,延长涂层组合物服用后在口腔中被察觉到药物不愉快的异味的时间。此外,较完整致密的涂层或衣膜可以提高其机械性能,以降低其在外力的作用下破裂或碎裂的可能性,从而提高其掩味性能。这种低通渗性及高机械性能有利于防止或延缓快速崩解的核芯的涂层组合物在口腔内崩解。
两种完全不相容的聚合物间只能形成完全独立的界面,不能相互扩散渗透自行愈合如贮藏过程中,也不能在高于聚合物的玻璃化转变点的温度愈合融合消除二者间的缝隙,不能使在包衣过程形成的微孔愈合消除,因而包衣或涂层中微孔特别多,通渗性特别大,涂层组合物服用后,有不愉快的异味的药物易从涂层组合物溶出,服用者可能在口腔中被察觉到药物不愉快的异味。两种完全不相容聚合物构成的涂层机械性能非常差,涂层组合物易在外力作用下破裂,从而使有不愉快的异味的药物在口腔中突释。特别是对于具有快速崩解性能的核芯的涂层组合物,因其太高的通透性及太低的机械性能可能使其在口腔内快速崩解。
基于上述原因,本发明采用二者(部分)相容或完全相容的在任何pH值下均不溶于或几乎不溶于水的聚合物及溶于酸性介质但不溶于或几乎不溶于中性或碱性pH介质中的聚合物。
聚合物与聚合物间的相容性可应用“相似相容”原则来评价或预测,如极性或非极性的相似性。也可以用能表征聚合物分子间内聚力的大小的溶解度参数用来评价聚合物与聚合物间的相容性。通常情况下,尤其对于非极性无定形聚合物共混物,当两聚合物的溶度参数之差小于0.5或聚合物与有机溶剂的溶度参数之差小于1.5时,二者便能以任意比例混容,二者具有很好的相容性。对于含有结晶聚合物的共混体系或者聚合物分子具有很强的极性及能形成氢键时,可以采用二维或三维溶解度参数来判断体系的相容性(参见:Shaw M.T.,J ApplPolym Sci,1974,18:449)。
本发明推荐应用下列较简便的方法来证明或预测聚合物与聚合物间的相容性:1)、共同溶剂法,把两种高分子分别溶解到同一种溶剂中,然后相混合,根据两溶液混合情况来判断高分子相容性大小。2)、显微镜法,用相差显微镜法特别是电子显微镜法可直接观察其混相容程度。3)、溶液粘度法,溶液的粘度可以揭示共混聚合物溶液的相容程度,在不同聚合物浓度下,以粘度对聚合物的百分组成作图,如其关系成线性,表明聚合物间达到分子水平的完全相容;如其关系成非线性,则是部分相容;当是完全不相容共混体系,则其关系呈S型曲线。4)、热方法及动态力学分析方法(测玻璃化温度Tg),本发明特别推荐此方法,聚合物合金体系会出现三种Tg变化趋势,假设二元合金体系中两种聚合物的Tg分别为Tg1和Tg2(Tg1<Tg2),(1)、完全相容体系:只出现一个Tg,Tg1<Tg<Tg2;(2)、完全不相容体系:出现二个Tg,分别为Tg1及Tg2;(3)、部分相容体系:出现二个Tg1′、Tg2′,Tg1<Tg1′<Tg2′<Tg2。
更多或更为详细的聚合物与衣膜聚合物间的相容性的评价或预测方法可参考相关文献,如,聚合物合金相容性的预测和表征,叶佳佳等,工程塑料应用,2007年,第35卷,第12期,第81~83页;改善聚合物共混材料界面相容性的研究进展,董萌等,涂料涂装与电镀,2006年10月,第4卷第5期,第24~29页;高分子合金膜的聚合物间相容性预测及表征,谷晓昱等,高分子材料科学与工程,2004年1月,第20卷第1期,第5~8页;聚合物共混:II.聚合物的相容性,姜胶东,高分子通报,1993年9月,第3期,第178~184页;聚合物共混的相容性及其理论计算,吕飞杰等,热带农业科学,1985年02期,第15~19页。
本发明涉及的在任何pH值下均不溶于或几乎不溶于水的聚合物在涂层中起骨架作用,用以增强涂层的机械性能,使涂层在压片、咀嚼等过程中能承受更大的外力而不破裂。
合适的在任何pH值下均不溶于或几乎不溶于水的聚合物可以为药学上可接受的在任何pH值下均不溶于或几乎不溶于水的嵌段聚合物或共聚物,通常为疏水性聚合物。合适的聚合物可选自但不限于在任何pH值下均不溶于或几乎不溶于水的纤维素酯类、丙烯酸(酯)类聚合物、聚醋酸乙烯酯类、聚氯乙烯类及其组合物。较佳地,选用纤维素酯类及聚醋酸乙烯酯类。更佳地,选用纤维素酯类。优选的聚合物实例包括但不限于乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、醋酸纤维素、丙酸纤维素、醋酸丁酸纤维素、醋酸丙酸纤维素(cellulose acetate propionate)、硝酸纤维素、三戊酸纤维素、二琥珀酸纤维素、聚乙烯乙酸酯、甲基丙烯酸(酯)聚合物、氯乙烯-乙烯醇-醋酸乙烯酯的三元共聚物、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯-间丙烯酸甲酯聚合物、乙烯乙酸酯-氯乙烯共聚物、聚氯乙烯、poly(ethylacrylate,methylmetacrylate,trimethylamonioethylmetacrylatchloride)。
为了避免使用有机溶剂带来的诸多弊端(如使用有机溶剂会高产生较高的粘度,较高的粘度常使包衣过程变得困难,易使粒子间粘边,易使药物释放变不稳定,使批次之间药物释放出现较大的差异),较佳地采用上述聚合物的分散于水液中的胶乳、伪胶乳及乳状液,如一个可采用的实例为US4557925所提供的含80~95%的聚氯乙烯、0.5~19%的聚乙烯乙酸酯及0.5~10%聚乙烯醇的三元共聚物的水分散体包衣液;另一个可用的实例为含50~100%聚氯乙烯及0~50%聚乙烯乙酸酯共聚物的水分散体包衣液。
商业上可供应的品种如有:或(乙基纤维素(EC)),RS30D、RE30D或RL30D(丙烯酸树脂),醋酸纤维索(CA)CA398-10胶乳,Kollicoat SR 30 D或KOLLIDON SR(聚醋酸乙烯酯)。
几乎在口中的所有部位均为中性环境,其中的pH值约为7。用在口中不溶的涂层组合物履盖药物成分、药物颗粒或药物颗粒附聚物可以掩蔽药物令人不快的异味。但该涂层必须被配制成在胃中快速分解,以便于将药物活性成分在体内释放。溶于酸性介质但不溶于或几乎不溶于中性或碱性pH介质中的聚合物可以满足上述涂层的要求,这类聚合物在口腔中不会溶解,不会使被其包覆的药物在口腔中溶出从而出现让人不愉快的异味,而且这类聚合物能溶解于酸性的胃液中并释放出药物。从而保证含有令人不愉快异味的药物组合物经口服后能迅速溶解于胃液中并在胃中释放药物活性成分;而且,还没有明显的回味。
适用于本发明的溶于酸性介质但不溶于或几乎不溶于中性或碱性pH介质中的聚合物,通常为药学上可接受的在pH6或更低值的水中可溶解的及具有成膜性的高分子物质,包括但不限于(a)具有单或二取代氨基的纤维素衍生物,(b)具有单或二取代氨基的聚乙烯衍生物,(c)具有单取代的氨基的丙烯酸聚合物,(d)其他类聚氨基葡糖(Chitosan)及它们的混合物。(a)的特别例子包括但不限于,苄基氨基甲基纤维素,二乙基氨基甲基纤维素,哌啶基乙基羟乙基纤维素,醋酸纤维素二乙基氨基醋酸酯及它们的混合物;(b)的特别例子包括但不限于乙烯基二乙基胺-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物,乙烯苄基胺-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物,聚乙缩醛醋酸二乙基氨基乙烯酯,乙烯哌啶基-乙酰乙缩醛乙烯共聚物,聚二乙基氨基甲基苯乙烯及它们的混合物;(c)的特别例子包括但不限于Eudragit E(Rohm-Pharma的商品名,即甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯共聚物),聚甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯及它们的混合物;(d)其他类特别例子包括但不限于聚氨基葡糖(Chitosan)。其中,较优选的胃溶性聚合物为聚乙缩醛二乙基氨基醋酸乙烯酯或Eudragit E。最优选为Eudragit E。
上述的在任何pH值下均不溶于或几乎不溶于水的聚合物与上述的溶于酸性介质但不溶于或几乎不溶于中性或碱性pH介质中的聚合物间(部分)相容或完全相容的实例如:
一个优选实例为:上述的在任何pH值下均不溶于或几乎不溶于水的聚合物选自在任何pH值下均不溶于或几乎不溶于水的纤维素酯类,如乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、醋酸纤维素、丙酸纤维素、醋酸丁酸纤维素、醋酸丙酸纤维素(cellulose acetate propionate)、硝酸纤维素、三戊酸纤维素、二琥珀酸纤维素及它们的混合物;上述的溶于酸性介质但不溶于或几乎不溶于中性或碱性pH介质中的聚合物选自(a)具有单或二取代氨基的纤维素衍生物,如苄基氨基甲基纤维素、二乙基氨基甲基纤维素、哌啶基乙基羟乙基纤维素、醋酸纤维素二乙基氨基醋酸酯及它们的混合物,(b)具有单取代的氨基的丙烯酸聚合物,如Eudragit E、聚甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯及它们的混合物,或者(c)聚氨基葡糖(Chitosan),以及它们的混合物,其中,有单或二取代氨基的纤维素衍生物为最优选。
另一个优选实例为:上述的在任何pH值下均不溶于或几乎不溶于水的聚合物选自在任何pH值下均不溶于或几乎不溶于水的丙烯酸(酯)类聚合物,如甲基丙烯酸(酯)聚合物、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯-间丙烯酸甲酯聚合物、丙烯酸乙酯-丙烯酸乙酯-氯化三甲基氨基乙基间丙烯酸甲酯聚合物及它们的混合物;上述的溶于酸性介质但不溶于或几乎不溶于中性或碱性pH介质中的聚合物选自(a)具有单或二取代氨基的纤维素衍生物,如苄基氨基甲基纤维素、二乙基氨基甲基纤维素、哌啶基乙基羟乙基纤维素、醋酸纤维素二乙基氨基醋酸酯及它们的混合物,(b)具有单取代的氨基的丙烯酸聚合物,如Eudragit E、聚甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯及它们的混合物,或者(c)具有单或二取代氨基的聚乙烯衍生物,如乙烯基二乙基胺-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯苄基胺-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙缩醛醋酸二乙基氨基乙烯酯、乙烯哌啶基-乙酰乙缩醛乙烯共聚物、聚二乙基氨基甲基苯乙烯及它们的混合物,以及它们的混合物,其中,具有单取代的氨基的丙烯酸聚合物,如Eudragit E、聚甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯及它们的混合物为最优选。
另一个优选实例为:上述的在任何pH值下均不溶于或几乎不溶于水的聚合物选自在任何pH值下均不溶于或几乎不溶于水的聚醋酸乙烯酯类,如聚乙烯乙酸酯、氯乙烯-乙烯醇-醋酸乙烯酯的三元共聚物、乙烯乙酸酯-氯乙烯共聚物及它们的混合物;上述的溶于酸性介质但不溶于或几乎不溶于中性或碱性pH介质中的聚合物选自(a)具有单取代的氨基的丙烯酸聚合物,如Eudragit E、聚甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯及它们的混合物,或者(b)具有单或二取代氨基的聚乙烯衍生物,如乙烯基二乙基胺-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯苄基胺-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙缩醛醋酸二乙基氨基乙烯酯、乙烯哌啶基-乙酰乙缩醛乙烯共聚物、聚二乙基氨基甲基苯乙烯及它们的混合物,以及它们的混合物,其中,具有单或二取代氨基的聚乙烯衍生物为最优选。
另一个优选实例为:上述的在任何pH值下均不溶于或几乎不溶于水的聚合物选自在任何pH值下均不溶于或几乎不溶于水的聚氯乙烯类,如乙烯乙酸酯-氯乙烯共聚物、聚氯乙烯、氯乙烯-乙烯醇-醋酸乙烯酯的三元共聚物及它们的混合物;上述的溶于酸性介质但不溶于或几乎不溶于中性或碱性pH介质中的聚合物选自(a)具有单取代的氨基的丙烯酸聚合物,如Eudragit E、聚甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯及它们的混合物,或者(b)具有单或二取代氨基的聚乙烯衍生物,如乙烯基二乙基胺-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯苄基胺-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙缩醛醋酸二乙基氨基乙烯酯、乙烯哌啶基-乙酰乙缩醛乙烯共聚物、聚二乙基氨基甲基苯乙烯及其混合物,以及其混合物,其中,具有单或二取代氨基的聚乙烯衍生物为最优选。
两种相容或完全相容的聚合物在贮藏过程中缓缓愈合或在高于聚合物的玻璃化转变点的温度下快速愈合后通透性下降,这可能进一步影响到酸溶性的聚合物在胃中充分溶解,药物可能不释放或不完全释放,药物生物利用度可能降低。为了克服上述缺陷及其他目的,本发明在包衣或涂层中加入无不愉快的异味的不溶于或几乎不溶于水的但能溶于酸性介质又能溶于碱性介质的颗粒物。
在本发明中,无不愉快的异味的不溶于或几乎不溶于水的但能溶于酸性介质又能溶于碱性介质的颗粒物,可期望发挥下列作用:
1)、能起释放促进剂的作用,提高药物的生物利用度。因上述的颗粒物能溶于酸性介质又能溶于碱性介质,没有产生沉积于涂层表面或内部的物质,故当其在胃中及肠中从涂层中溶出后,能产生大量的微孔,能促进胃溶性涂料在胃中酸环境中的溶解速度及药物在胃中的释放,又能促进因胃溶性涂料在胃中未及时溶解或未完全溶解引起的在胃中未释放或未完全释放就进入肠的药物在肠中的释放,因此,其能使涂敷的组合物将药物成分输送至体循环的速度更快、更完全,提高药物的生物利用度。
2)、能增强掩盖药物的不愉快的异味的效果。因所述的颗粒物无不愉快的异味,故其不会产生新的或额外的无不愉快的异味;因上述的颗粒物不溶于或几乎不溶于水,不会在口腔中溶解,故其能防止或减少因药物在口腔中从涂层组合物中溶出而产生的不愉快的异味;因上述的颗粒物不溶于或几乎不溶于水,具有一定的疏水性,与极性大无疏水性的水溶性化合物相比,该颗粒物从涂层中溶出所需的时间相对更长,溶出的速度相对更慢,故该颗粒物能相对延长了药物涂层组合物服用后在口腔中被察觉到有药物不愉快的异味的时间。
3)、稳定剂作用。将涂料的小环境缓冲为中性pH,增强了涂料的整体性,改善了干燥状态或液体悬浮液中的贮藏稳定性。
4)、能增强涂层的机械性能。因所述的颗粒物不溶于或几乎不溶于水,具有一定的疏水性,与极性大的水溶性的化合物相比,该颗粒物与涂层中的聚合物相容性增加,二者共混时两相间的界面能降低,相互间的粘合力增强,能使涂层机械强度或机械性能增强。
本文此处所用的术语“不溶于或几乎不溶于水的颗粒物”是指在水中的溶解度(温度25℃时)不大于30mg/ml,较佳地不大于20mg/ml,更佳地不大于10mg/ml,最佳地不大于1mg/ml及平均粒径通常为0.01~200μm,较佳地为0.05~100μm,更佳地为0.1~50μm,最佳地为0.5~25μm的颗粒物。过大或过小的粒径可能引起生产重现性较差等难以预测的问题。
合适本发明的无不愉快的异味的不溶于或几乎不溶于水的但能溶于酸性介质又能溶于碱性介质的颗粒物优选实例如,但不限于此:鸟苷酸(味鲜;溶解度小于1mg/ml)、磷酸锌(无嗅、无味;溶解度小于1mg/ml)、L-胱氨酸(无嗅、无味;溶解度约0.11mg/ml)、D-酪氨酸(味甜;溶解度约0.45mg/ml)、酒石酸氢钾(有令人愉快的酸甜味;溶解度约6.18mg/ml)、D-色氨酸(味强甜;溶解度约11.3mg/ml)、L-苏氨酸(味微甜;溶解度约15.9mg/ml)、D-苏氨酸(味弱甜;溶解度约15.9mg/ml)、D-亮氨酸(味强甜;溶解度约21.9mg/ml)、D-苯丙氨酸(味强甜;溶解度约29.6mg/ml),及它们的混合物。上述实例更优选为鸟苷酸、磷酸锌、L-胱氨酸、D-酪氨酸、酒石酸氢钾、D-色氨酸及它们的混合物,更优选为鸟苷酸、L-胱氨酸、磷酸锌、酒石酸氢钾及它们的混合物,最优选为鸟苷酸、L-胱氨酸、磷酸锌及它们的混合物。这是因为它们在水中具有更低的溶解性,在酸性介质及碱性介质更快的溶解速度或更好的溶解性能。
在本发明的涂层中添加有效量的上述无不愉快的异味的不溶于或几乎不溶于水的但能溶于酸性介质又能溶于碱性介质的颗粒物。根据所需的溶解或溶出速率,有效量可以不同。上述颗粒物的用量是涂层干总重量的约1wt%至约70wt%,优选约5wt%至约50wt%,且更优选约10wt%至约40wt%。过高含量的上述颗粒物会影响涂层的完整性,使其机械性能下降。相应地,加入上述颗粒物后,基于涂层的干总重量,上述的在任何pH值下均不溶于或几乎不溶于水的聚合物的含量是约10wt%至约80wt%,优选约20wt%至约60wt%,更优选约20wt%至约50wt%;上述的溶于酸性介质但不溶于或几乎不溶于中性或碱性pH介质中的聚合物的含量是约10wt%至约70wt%,优选约20wt%至约50wt%,更优选约20wt%至约40wt%。
本发明的涂层组合物的外覆涂层还可以加入其他聚合物。这样的聚合物可以是例如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、2-乙烯基吡啶(V)/苯乙烯(S)共聚物和其混合物。PVP是溶于水的聚合物,在水中PVP会溶解和分解,使药剂在胃中释放。该2-乙烯基吡啶(V)/苯乙烯(S)共聚物优选具有的聚合物重量比是V与S的比为约65/35或80/20。它们在涂层中的用量是约5wt%至约30wt%,优选10wt%至25wt%,这是基于涂层的干总重量。
本发明的涂层组合物的外覆涂层还可以含有一定量的超级崩解剂,以加速涂层崩解。超级崩解剂在芯料中的用量是约0.5wt%至约30wt%,优选1wt%至20wt%,优选2wt%至15wt%,这是基于涂层的干总重量。
在本发明涉及的涂层组合物中还可以添加通用添加剂材料。通用添加剂材料在药物包衣层中的加入量和应用是专业人员熟悉的。通用的添加剂包括但不限于抗粘着剂(分离剂)、稳定剂、颜料、消泡剂、抗氧化剂、促渗透剂、光泽剂等。它们用作加工助剂,并应该保证安全和可重现的制备方法以及长时间贮存稳定性或赋予药物剂型附加的有利特性。
涂层中常用的通用添加剂材料的详细介绍如下。
·增塑剂
为改进涂层的质量,可在包衣处方中添加增塑剂以降低聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)至合适的范围内,并提高涂层材料的成膜能力,增强涂层的柔韧性和强度,改善涂层对底物的粘附状态。合适的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)范围通常为0~70℃,较佳地为10~50℃,最佳地为佳地为15~40℃。
增塑剂一股地为高沸点、低挥发性并能与聚合物混溶的小分子(Mr约为150~800,较佳地为300~500)的液体物质或低熔点的固体物质。可用增塑剂的实例如生理学相容的由C6~C40(优选C6~C30、特别优选C10~C16)脂肪族或芳香族一至三元羧酸与C1~C8(优选C2~C6、特别优选C2~C5)脂肪族醇形成的亲脂性的酯。这种增塑剂的实例如邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、癸二酸二丁酯、癸二酸二乙酯、枸橼酸三乙基酯、乙酰柠檬酸三乙酯、甘油三乙酸酯、三丁基葵二酸酯、脱水山梨醇酯、蔗糖酯。其他可用增塑剂的实例如甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、蓖麻油。
增塑剂的用量依据所期望涂层的性质,如玻璃化转变温度、机械性能等,增塑剂的种类,成膜剂(即成膜聚合物)的种类、用量等而定,通常用量为5~50%(重量比),优选10~40%(重量比),特别优选10~30%(重量比),这是基于涂层组分的干总重量。
·抗粘着剂(分离剂)
抗粘着剂(分离剂)通常为有益的疏水材料,一股加入喷射悬浮液中。它们阻止成膜期间核的聚集。优选使用滑石,硬脂酸镁或硬脂酸钙,研细的硅酸,高岭土或HLB值为3~8的非离子型乳化剂。抗粘着剂在本发明的涂层中的通常用量为聚合物量的0.5~100%(重量比)。在特别有利的实施方案中,分离剂以浓缩形式作为最终涂层加入。涂覆以粉末形式或由5~30%固含量的悬浮液通过喷涂而进行。
·稳定剂
稳定剂优选为乳化剂或表面活性剂,即有一定界面活性物质,对水分散体起稳定作用。合适的稳定剂实例如有二乙醇胺、单乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、脂肪酸类、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、壬苯醇醚、辛苯昔醇、油酸、泊洛沙姆、聚氧乙烯50硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇脂肪酸类(Polyoxyl fatty acid)、聚乙二醇烷基醚(Polyoxyl hydrocarbon ether)、聚山梨醇酯(Tween)、脱水山梨糖醇酯(Span)、脂肪酸盐类、聚维酮、月桂基硫酸钠、十六烷基硬脂基硫酸钠、蔗糖硬脂酸脂、多乙氧基醚及其混合物。稳定剂的含量为1~15%(重量比),优选5~10%(重量比),这是基于水分散体包衣液组分的湿重量。
·颜料
很少以可溶性颜料形式加入。一股将氧化铝或氧化铁颜料分散加入。二氧化钛用作白色颜料。在本发明的衣层中颜料的加入量为聚合物混合物量的5~60%(重量比)。然而由于颜料结合能力高,加入量也可以高至聚合物混合物量的100%(重量比)。
·消泡剂
消泡剂一股地为二甲基硅油。
涂层中所有使用的物质原则上必须是药学上可接受的,是无毒的,在药物中对病人没有危险。
在芯料上包覆的涂层的厚度一股为约1至约50微米,优选约2至30微米,并更优选约4至15微米。此涂层优选占整个制剂(涂层+未包覆前芯料)重量的约2至约50%,优选约5至约30%。
下面就包衣核芯作详细说明。
可用于本发明的包覆涂层的核芯包括但不限于规则或不规则形式的片、颗粒、丸。优选的核芯为颗粒、丸。更优选的核芯为颗粒。颗粒或丸的尺寸通常为0.01~2.5mm,片的尺寸通常在2.5~30mm。
用于本发明的核芯颗粒优选为球形,且平均颗粒直径为80~1200微米,更优选为100~800微米,更优选为150~400微米。该核芯优选具有0.85~1.0的圆球度,更优选为0.9~1.0。本发明中所用的球形核芯颗粒的优点在于,可以提高随后的包衣过程中的包覆效率。
用于包覆涂层的核芯通常可含有最高达95%的药物以及最高达99.9%(重量比)的其它制药助剂。
其它制药助剂包括填充剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、促崩解剂、润滑剂(包括助流剂、抗粘着剂)等基本成分。还可以包括增溶剂、助悬剂、甜味剂、芳香剂、色素、吸收剂及表面活性剂(如起润湿、分散、增溶、乳化等作用)等制药助剂。核芯各组分的比例可以根据所用的活性成分的种类、所用的聚合物的种类、预期的药物释放曲线等等来确定。一股说来,具有上述组分配比的所得包衣药物可以获得良好的药物释放曲线和掩蔽味觉效果。
在本发明涉及的涂层组合物中,核芯为该剂型总重量的约50~约98%,优选约70~约95%。
适用于本发明的具有不愉悦味道的药物及组合物诸如止痛药、非甾族抗炎药、抗组胺剂、止咳药、祛痰药、支气管扩张药、抗感染药、CNS活性药、心血管药、抗肿瘤药、降胆固醇药、止吐药、维生素、矿物质补充机和粪便软化剂、矿物盐、微量元素、中草药提取物等等。
特别适用于本发明的具有不愉悦味道的药物的实例如下,但不局限于此:
止痛剂,诸如阿司匹林、具有咖啡碱的乙酰氨苯酚、乙酰氨基酚、非那西丁、水杨酸钠、可待因、羟考酮和二氢可待因酮;
解热镇痛剂,如水杨酸盐、保泰松、吲哚美辛、非那西汀、甲灭酸等;
非甾体抗炎药,诸如阿司匹林、布洛芬、双氯芬酸、醋氯芬酸、氟灭酸、非诺洛芬、氟比洛芬、酮洛芬、萘普生及其碱性金属盐、尼美舒利,吡罗昔康及其盐、吡罗昔康、替尼达帕、二氟尼柳、托美汀钠、吲哚美辛、塞来考昔、罗非考昔、左旋乙酰美杉醇、噻洛芬酸(thiapropheaic acid)和美沙拉秦(5-氨基水合物);
CoX-2抑制剂,如艾托考昔和塞来考昔;
H2-拈抗剂,诸如噻氯匹定、西咪替丁、雷尼替丁、法莫替丁、尼扎替丁、乙溴替丁,咪吩替丁、罗沙替丁、埃替尼定(etinidine)、niperitone、磺替丁(sulfotidine)、妥伐替丁、唑替丁(zaltidine)、鲁匹替丁、尼芬替丁(nifentidine)、皮沙替丁(pisatidine)和罗沙替丁;
抗过敏剂,诸如可待因和其盐酸盐、可待因及其磷酸盐、依巴斯汀、氯马斯汀及其反丁烯二酸盐、阿扎替丁(azatidine)及其顺丁烯二酸盐、羟嗪及其双羟萘酸盐及其盐酸盐、氯苯那敏及其顺丁烯二酸盐及丹宁酸盐、羟甲叔丁肾上腺素硫酸盐、伪肾上腺素及其硫酸盐及盐酸盐、溴苯那敏及其顺丁烯二酸盐、氯雷他定、地氯雷他定、脱碳乙氧基-氯雷他定(descarboethoxyloratadine)、苯肾上腺素及其丹宁酸盐及盐酸盐、甲东莨菪碱及其硝酸盐、苯丙醇氨及其盐酸盐、溴芬尼拉明(bromopheniramine)及其顺丁烯二酸盐、特非那定、阿伐斯汀、阿司咪吐、美克洛嗪、西替利嗪及其盐酸盐、苯茚胺及其酒石酸盐、曲吡那敏及其盐酸盐、赛庚啶及其盐酸盐、异丙嗪及其盐酸盐、吡拉明及其盐酸盐及丹宁酸盐;
抗组胺类药如马来酸溴苯那敏、马来酸氯苯那敏、马来酸卡比沙明、延胡索酸氯马斯汀、咪唑斯汀、马来酸右氯苯那敏、盐酸二苯醇胺(diphenylhydramine hydrochloride)、马来酸阿扎他定、柠檬酸苯海拉明、盐酸二苯拉林、琥珀酸多西拉敏、盐酸异丙嗪、马来酸吡拉明、柠檬酸曲吡那敏、盐酸曲普利啶、阿伐斯汀、溴苯吡胺、右氯苯那敏、非索非那定、特非那定、阿司咪唑和萘丁美酮;
止吐药(Antiemitic),诸如美克洛嗪及其盐酸盐、羟嗪及其盐酸盐及双羟萘酸盐、苯海拉明及其盐酸盐;丙氯拉嗪及其顺丁烯二酸盐、苯喹胺及其盐酸盐、格拉司琼及其盐酸盐、屈大麻酚、大麻隆、灭吐灵、碱式水杨酸鉍、异丙嗪及其盐酸盐、甲氧氯普胺及其卤化物/水合物、氯丙嗪、曲美苄胺及其盐酸盐、硫乙拉嗪及其顺丁烯二酸盐、东莨菪碱、奋乃静、昂丹司琼及其盐酸盐;
止泻药与肠道抗炎药,例如洛哌丁胺、5-氨基水杨酸、奥沙拉秦、柳氮磺吡啶、布地奈德;
泻药,如比沙可啶、匹可硫酸钠;
解痉药,例如溴化辛基鎓;
胃粘膜保护剂,如瑞巴派特;
质子泵抑制剂,诸如奥美拉唑、潘托拉唑、兰索拉唑、特比萘芬;
止泻药,如洛哌丁胺等;
多巴胺受体拈抗剂,如多潘立酮;
利尿药,例如双氢氯噻嗪;
口服抗糖尿病药,例如格列吡嗪、二甲双胍、苯乙双胍、格列齐特、格列本脲、甲福明、米格列醇、瑞格列奈;
止咳药如苯佐那酯、乙二磺酸咳美芬、薄荷醇、氢溴酸右美沙芬、盐酸氯苯胺丙醇、磷酸可待因等;
支气管扩张剂,诸如喘宁坦锭(bentolin)、舒喘宁、盐酸吡布特罗、间羟异丙肾上腺素、沙丁胺醇、丙卡特罗和茶碱;
选择性β-2拈抗药,例如沙丁胺醇、特布他林、麻黄碱、硫酸奥西那林;
解充血药,如盐酸伪麻黄碱、去氧肾上腺素、苯丙醇胺、硫酸伪麻黄碱等;
祛痰剂,如愈创甘油醚、吐根、碘化钾、水合萜二醇、盐酸溴己新、氨溴索等;
感冒和咳嗽产品,诸如右甲吗喃和其水合溴化盐和愈创甘油醚和其盐酸盐;
5HT抑制剂,诸如西地那非;
大环内酯类抗生素,诸如克拉奇霉素、罗红霉素、阿奇霉素、甲红霉素、阿齐红霉素、红霉素;
酮内酯类抗生素,诸如泰利霉素、β-丙氨酸、喹硫平;
喹诺酮类抗生素,如洛美沙星、诺氟沙星、依诺沙星、环丙沙星、格雷沙星、恩氟沙星、氧氟沙星、西洛沙星、曲氟沙星(Trovafloxacin)、加替沙星、左氧氟沙星和氟哌酸;
头孢菌素类抗生素,例如头孢呋辛酯、头孢克洛、头孢力新、头孢卡品、头孢羟氨苄、头孢泊肟、头抱替安酯、头孢特仑匹伏酯;
青霉素类抗生素,如氟氯青霉素钠、氨苄青霉素酞酯盐酸盐、甲苯磺酸舒米西林、盐酸卡巴西林、羟氨苄青霉素、氨苄青霉素、邻氯青霉素、2,6-氟氯苯甲异青霉素;
磺胺类药物,如磺胺异恶唑;
四环素类药物,如四环素;
酶抑制剂,如舒巴坦钠;
抗病毒药,如奈韦拉平、amiloprilose HCl、无环鸟苷和金刚烷胺
抗真菌药,如氟康唑;
其他抗微生物剂、口腔消毒剂如黄连素、三氯生、西吡氯铵、度米芬、季铵盐、锌化合物、血根碱、氟化物、阿立西定、奥克巴胺、EDTA、苯扎氯铵、氯化十六烷基吡啶或碘硫苯卓、苄达明、氯己定,以及它们的盐和衍生物。
全身非选择性CNS抑制剂,如脂族醇、巴比妥类等;
全身非选择性CNS兴奋剂,如咖啡因、尼古丁、士的宁、印防己毒素、戊四唑等;
选择性改变CNS功能的药物,如苯基乙内酰脲、苯巴比妥、扑米酮、卡马西平、乙琉胺、甲琥胺、苯琥胺、三甲双酮、安定、地西泮、苯乙酰脲、苯丁酰脲、乙酸唑胺、溴化舒噻嗪、加巴喷丁、苯妥英等;
镇静药、安眠药,例如氯氮卓、氯丙嗪、奥沙西泮、美达西泮、三唑仑、阿普唑仑、多那西泮、劳拉西泮;
抗帕金森氏综合征药,如左旋多巴、金刚烷胺、培高利特、卡比多巴、尼麦角林、司来吉兰等;
麻醉止痛剂,如吗啡、海洛因、氢吗啡酮、美托酮、氧吗啡酮、左吗南、可待因、二氢可待因酮、羟考酮、纳洛芬、纳洛酮、纳屈酮等;
抗精神病类药如,氯丙嗪、异丙嗪、多奈哌齐、莫达非尼、萘发扎酮、瑞波西汀、甲氧异丁嗪、氟哌啶醇、氟哌丁苯、氯氮平、舍曲林、舍吲哚、利血平、丙咪嗪、反苯环丙胺、氯氮平、艾拉丹(ilaldon)苯乙肼、锂等;
抗偏头痛剂,诸如双丙戊酸及其碱性金属盐、噻吗洛尔及其顺丁烯二酸盐、丙醇及其卤素水合物、麦角胺及其酒石酸盐、咖啡碱、利扎曲普坦、依来曲普坦、唑吗替坦、舒马曲坦及其琥珀酸盐及同一治疗类的活性物质;双氢麦角胺、其氢化物及甲磺酰基化物、莫舍盖得(methsergide)及其顺丁烯二酸盐、异美沙普特粘液酸盐(isometheptenmucate)、氯醛比林;
抗癫痫药,例如丙戊酸酯、卡马西平、苯妥英、加巴喷丁、托吡酯;
抗抑郁药,诸如盐酸氟西汀、舍曲林、帕罗西汀、去甲替林、利培酮、西酞普兰、奥氮平、丁螺环酮和其盐;
抗惊厥剂,例如卡马西平和乙琥胺和抗帕金森药剂,例如左旋多巴;
抗高血压药包括,如β-阻滞剂(例如普萘洛尔、美托普洛、比索洛尔、耐比氟洛)、硝苯地平、厄贝沙坦、多沙唑嗪甲磺酸盐和阿罗地平磺酸盐;
抗高血压药与冠脉扩张药,例如单硝酸异山梨醇酯与二硝酸异山梨醇酯、卡托普利;
钙拈抗药(钙通道阻滞剂),例如硝苯地平、尼卡地平、地尔硫卓、维拉帕米、尼非地平和长春西汀;
ACE抑制剂,如甲巯丙脯酸、依那普利、赖诺普利;
抗心纹痛药,和抗高血压药一样;
强心苷类,例如地高辛和洋地黄毒甙;
抗心律失常药,如奎尼丁;
降低胆固醇药,例如洛伐他丁、普伐他汀;
抗肿瘤药,例如5-氟尿嘧啶、氟他胺、依托泊苷和环磷酰胺;
抗疟药,如奎宁;
肾上腺皮质激素类药,如强的松、氢化强的松;
维生素,如叶酸、维生素B1硝酸酯、视黄酸素(维生素A)、维生素C、维生素E和锌;
矿物质,例如铁、钙和锌盐;
粪便软化剂,例如多库酯钠;
植物提取物,例如紫锥花属、银杏内酯、黄连、黄柏、车前子等等。
用于本发明药物包括其药学上可选用的盐形式、游离酸形式、游离碱形式、水合物、光学异构体、各种晶型及其他类似物。此等药物类似物应考虑其与涂层/味道掩蔽聚合物的相容性、亲脂性填充剂的味道和其与在胃中快速溶解连接的生物可用性来选择。
上述药物可包埋于芯料中或以其它方式如干混或湿法制粒而与芯料结合。
下面就上述涂层组合物的制备方法作详细说明。
本发明还涉及的涂层组合物的制备方法包含下列几个基本步骤:1)、制备芯料;2)、对芯料包覆涂层;3)、更佳地,对涂层进行愈合(固化)处理。
1)、制备芯料
制备芯料的方法没有特别的限制。通常制备方法是将药用活性物质、制药助剂等成分通过直接挤压方法,干、湿或烧结颗粒的挤压方法,挤出和随后倒圆,湿或干态造粒或直接造丸(例如在圆盘上)或将粉末(粉末层)粘结到无活性物质的球(粒子)或含活性物质的颗粒上,或者进一步以一定方式如压制制成片。
2)、对芯料包覆涂层
首先制备喷涂液。如一实施例,把聚合物及其他涂层添加剂溶解或分散于有机溶剂中,制得含有聚合物的有机喷涂液。再如一实施例,把涂层添加剂溶解或分散于聚合物的水分散体中,制得聚合物的水分散体喷涂液;如果没有配伍反应,可把两种或两种以上的聚合物的水分散体按一定混合后,再把其他涂层添加剂溶解或分散其中,制得聚合物的混合水分散体喷涂液。
聚合物及其他涂层添加剂在有机溶液中的含量通常为1~15%,较佳地2~10%,更佳地3~8%。聚合物及其他涂层添加剂在水分散体混悬液中的含量通常为2~30%,较佳地5~20%,更佳地8~15%。水分散体混悬液还可含有一定量的有机溶剂,其含量常为1~20%,较佳地1~10%,更佳地2~5%。
利用上述所得的溶液或混悬液通过浇铸、浸醮、涂刷或喷涂等涂层方法对芯料包覆涂层。较佳地,采用喷涂方式进行包覆涂层。
在一实施例中,将较小的如小于80微米的需包覆涂层的芯料如细颗粒、丸或药物粉未、晶体、载药树脂等分散并混悬于上含有聚合物的有机溶液或水分散体中,混合均匀。采用喷涂方式进行包覆涂层。
在另一实施例中,将较大的如大于80微米的需包覆涂层的芯料如片、颗粒、丸、药物晶体、载药树脂等使其悬浮于空中或置入包衣锅或其他包衣设备中,对芯料喷上述含有聚合物的有机溶液或水分散体,采用喷涂方式进行。
涂层成膜过程不依赖于涂层方法而通过能量输入来进行。这可以通过对流(热)、辐射(红外或微波)或传导来完成。由此将为涂覆而作为溶剂或悬浮剂使用的溶剂蒸发掉,必要的话也可应用真空加速蒸发。如需要较高干燥效率,本发明常采用高效率包衣设备(如流化床)。
涂覆包衣用的温度应高于聚合物的最低成膜温度(MFT)(最低成膜温度是指聚合物形成连续性衣膜的最低温度,在最低成膜温度以下,聚合物粒子不能变形融合而成膜)。涂覆包衣用的温度通常高出最低成膜温度10~20℃。若温度过低,可能使衣膜出现裂缝;温度过高则过分软化聚合物,导致衣膜粘连。
涂覆时,通常把芯料等预热至20~90℃,较佳地30~70℃,更佳地30~50℃,先以较低喷液速率涂覆,至芯料表面已包覆一薄层衣膜后,再提高喷液速率至包衣结束。
为了保护不稳定的活性成分在愈合处理中免于降解,可以使用氮气置换密闭的环境(如密闭的箱体)中的空气。
最合适或较合适的工艺参数由此领域技术熟练的技术人员根据包衣材料和芯料性质及实验结果等确定。以流化床包衣为倒,包衣温度、流化风量、雾化压力和喷液速率等工艺条件均可根据实际情况优化定量控制。
本发明涉及一种药物制剂,其特征在于该制剂包含上述的在给药过程中不愉快的异味不易被服用者察觉的涂层组合物。
本发明涉及的药物制剂可以为按上述任一方式制备的已涂敷的含药芯料进一步加工如添加一些药学上可接受的赋形剂(如芳香剂、甜味剂、填充剂)制成的药学上可接受的任何剂型,例如,制备混悬液的常规液体(或口服液体制剂)、可咀嚼的片剂、复水为混悬液的粉剂、快速溶解的快溶片剂、锭剂、威化饼干(wafers)、口香糖、装有粉剂/粒剂/小型或微型片/液体填料的硬壳胶囊、具有液体芯或用粉剂或粒剂填充的软壳明胶体、能够即刻释放或延迟释放的常规压缩片剂、糖果和糖块形式、气溶胶膏、胶体、小袋;或者不进一步加工直接投入使用,如直接服用的片剂。上述全部的剂型的制备技术都是本领域周知的。
上述剂型的一个优选实施例为咀嚼片。该咀嚼片除了掩味颗粒,可以含有其它常规添加剂,如填充剂,包括水溶性可压制碳水化合物如蔗糖、甘露醇、山梨醇、麦芽糖醇、木糖醇、乳糖及其混合物;常规干粘合剂,包括纤维素、纤维素衍生物、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、淀粉、改性淀粉及其混合物,并特别是微晶纤维素;甜味剂,如阿司帕坦、合成糖精、sucralose和糖精;及润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸、滑石和蜡。此外,该咀嚼片还可以掺入其他药用辅剂,包括如防腐剂、矫味剂、抗氧化剂、表面活性剂和着色剂。
该咀嚼片可以通过压制包括掩味颗粒的混合物制备。若干制片方法是本领域已知的,例如,包括用压制滚轴技术或降落滚轴机,或模铸、浇钱或挤出技术。优选,采用旋转式压片机通过压制制成。
上述咀嚼片优选软咀嚼片。该软咀嚼片的硬度优选不超过约15千磅每平方厘米(kp/cm2)。更优选,此片剂的硬度为约1至约8,首选约2至约5kp/cm2。此处所用术语“硬度”是描述通过常规药物硬度检测技术(如Schleuruger硬度检测计)检测的径向裂断强度。
由此已详细地描述了本发明,对本领域技术人员而言在本发明的范围内显然还可有各种改变,本发明并不受说明书所述的限制。
实施例
为了举例说明本发明,提供了下述实施例。然而应该理解本发明不仅限于这些实施例。
实施例1
由40%的醋酸纤维素、20%的Eudragit E 100和40%的磷酸锌颗粒(粒径为38~74μm,或200~400目)制成的涂料(A)对对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)颗粒(颗径14~24目,所述的对乙酰氨基酚颗粒由干法制粒制得,其组成如下:对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)50%,微晶纤维素30%,交联羧甲基纤维素钠17%,月桂基硫酸钠1%,二氧化硅0.5%,硬脂酰醇富马酸钠1.5%)实施涂覆,涂覆过程结束后,涂层占整个已包衣颗粒的23.08%(重量比)(即颗粒增重30%)。接着将涂覆的药物颗粒及其他成分按下列比例混合:包衣颗粒40.63%,甘露醇49.37%,微晶纤维素7.5%,硬脂酸1%,二氧化硅胶体0.5%,香料1%。该最终混合物然后被压成最终片重为960mg的片剂,这样的片剂直径为10.5mm,硬度约5~10kp,脆度约0~1%。把涂料(A)中40%的磷酸锌分别换成40%的三乙醇胺、滑石及Eudragit E 100,其他不变,同法分别制备对照品1、2及3。
(1)、体外溶出测试
在pH为7.0的纯水和pH1.2的人工胃液及pH7.8人工肠液中对样品及对照品进行溶出测试。表1、2显示了样品及对照品在pH为7.0、1.2及7.8的环境中,在给定的一段时间内药物成分溶出的百分数。
表1对乙酰氨基酚咀嚼片在pH为7.0、1.2及7.8的溶液中溶出的百分数
表2对乙酰氨基酚咀嚼片在pH为7.0、1.2及7.8的溶液中溶出的百分数
结果显示,实施例样品药物体外溶出的特性明显优于所有对照品:实施例样品在中性条件下溶出量较低,而在酸性及碱性条件下溶出量均较高,较满足临床掩味应用,有利于改善生物利用度;对照品1在中性条件下溶出量都较高,对照品2及3在碱性条件下溶出量较低。
(2)、生物利用度测试
18名健康受试者一次口服两种对乙酰氨基酚咀嚼片(4片,约600mg,所有试验样品均已在温度40℃及相对湿度75%条件下放置3个月)并饮用250ml水后,用高效液相法测定对乙酰氨基酚的血药浓度。测试结果见表3。
表3对乙酰氨基酚咀嚼片生物利用度测试结果(n=18)
测试结果显示,长期贮藏后实施例样品的生物利用度或体内溶出的特性优于所有对照品,尤其是对照品2及3。
(3)、味感测试
请9位专门成员(被测试者),将1片按上述方法制得的样品或对照品分别置于他们的口中嚼碎并保持2分钟,并测量他们感觉到苦味时的时间及记录被测试者主诉的测试品在口腔中的味感。感觉到苦味时的时间、味感的改变及味感强弱的变化等用于进行评价。所得结果见表4。
表4感觉到苦味时的时间及测试品在口腔中的味感的结果
测试结果显示,实施例样品的掩盖效果优于所有对照品,且实施例样品能非常有效地改善药物组合物的口感,无需在药物组合物额外添加掩味剂或调味剂。
(4)、涂膜机械性能测试
测定实施例3中样品及对照品的已愈合处理至终点的涂覆颗粒物压碎所需的最小压力。结果见表5。
表5涂膜机械性能测定结果
结果表明,实施例涂膜的机械性能较对照品涂膜高,特别是与对照品1及3高出许多。
综上所得结果可得,实施例样品的综合性能或综合效果较对照品要好,总体性能被强化。
实施例2
由24%的乙基纤维素、26%的二乙基氨基甲基纤维素、49.5%的L-胱氨酸颗粒(粒径为23~38μm,或400~600目)及三醋精0.5%制成的涂料(B)对吡哌酸颗粒(颗径12~20目)实施涂覆,所述的吡哌酸颗粒由干法制粒制得,其成分含量组成如下:吡哌酸30%,微晶纤维素34%,低取代羟丙基纤维素18%,果糖8%,乳糖8%,二氧化硅0.5%,硬脂酰醇富马酸钠1.5%。涂覆过程结束后,涂层占整个已包衣颗粒的23.08%(重量比)(即颗粒增重30%)。接着将涂覆的药物颗粒及其他成分按下列比例混合:包衣颗粒63.73%,甘露醇26.27%,微晶纤维素7.5%,硬脂酸1%,二氧化硅胶体0.5%,香料1%。该最终混合物然后被压成最终片重为850mg的片剂,这样的片剂直径为13mm,硬度约5~10kp,脆度约0~1%。
以80%的羟丙甲基纤维素及20%的Eudragit NE30D制成的内层涂料,24%的乙基纤维素、75.5%的二乙基氨基甲基纤维素及三醋精0.5%制成的外层涂料对吡哌酸颗粒实施涂覆,其他不变,同上述方法制备对照品4。
以80%的羟丙甲基纤维素及20%的Eudragit NE30D制成的内层涂料,24%的羟丙甲基纤维素、75.5%的二乙基氨基甲基纤维素及三醋精0.5%制成的外层涂料对吡哌酸颗粒实施涂覆,其他不变,同上述方法制备对照品5。
(1)、体外溶出测试
接着在pH为7.0的纯水和pH1.2的人工胃液及pH7.8的人工肠液溶液中对样品及对照品进行体外溶出测试。表6、7显示了样品及对照品在pH为7.0、1.2及7.8的环境中,在给定的一段时间内药物成分溶出的百分数。
表6吡哌酸咀嚼片在pH为7.0、1.2及7.8的溶液中溶出的百分数(%)
表7吡哌酸咀嚼片在pH为7.0、1.2及7.8的溶液中溶出的百分数(%)
测试结果显示,实施例样品药物体外溶出的特性明显优于所有对照品:实施例样品在中性条件下溶出量较低,而在酸性及碱性条件下溶出量均较高,较满足临床掩味应用,有利于改善生物利用度;对照品4在碱性条件下溶出量都较低,对照品5在中性条件下溶出量较高。
实施例3
由38.56%的KOLLIDONE SR,20.0%的乙烯基二乙基胺-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物,11.44%的EASTMAN 9-45(乙酸化的单酸甘油酯),25%的酒石酸氢钾颗粒(粒径为38~74μm,或200~400目)和5%的滑石制成的涂料(A)对药物咖啡因颗粒(颗径40~80目)实施涂覆。
实施例4
由22.78%的乙基纤维素,22.78%的KOLLIDONE SR,18.0%的Eudragit E.100,20%的磷酸锌颗粒(粒径为38~74μm,或200~400目),11.44%的EASTMAN 9-45(乙酸化的单酸甘油酯)和5%的滑石制成的涂料(A)对药物乙酰氨基酚(APAP)颗粒(颗径40~80目)实施涂覆。
实施例5
由24%的50%聚氯乙烯-50%聚乙烯乙酸酯共聚物、26%的Eudragit E 100、49.5%的L-胱氨酸颗粒(粒径为10~18μm,或800~1340目)及三醋精0.5%制成的涂料(C)对吡哌酸颗粒(颗径20~40目)实施涂覆,所述的吡哌酸颗粒由干法制粒制得,其成分含量组成如下:吡哌酸30%,微晶纤维素45%,低取代羟丙基纤维素25%,二氧化硅0.5%,硬脂酰醇富马酸钠1.5%。涂覆过程结束后,涂层占整个已包衣颗粒的13.04%(重量比)(即颗粒增重15%)。
实施例6
由20%的80%聚氯乙烯-10%的聚乙烯乙酸酯-10%聚乙烯醇的三元共聚物、26%的乙烯基二乙基胺-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、53.5%的鸟苷酸颗粒(粒径为2.6~6.5μm,或2000~5000目)及三醋精0.5%制成的涂料(D)对吡哌酸颗粒(颗径16~30目)实施涂覆,所述的吡哌酸颗粒由干法制粒制得,其成分含量组成如下:吡哌酸30%,微晶纤维素40%,低取代羟丙基纤维素18%,乳糖10%,二氧化硅0.5%,硬脂酰醇富马酸钠1.5%。涂覆过程结束后,涂层占整个已包衣颗粒的9.09%(重量比)(即颗粒增重10%)。
实施例7
由20%的乙基纤维素、26%的Eudragit E 100、53.5%的酒石酸氢钾颗粒(粒径为1.3~2.6μm,或5000~10000目)及三醋精0.5%制成的涂料(E)对吡哌酸颗粒(颗径12~20目)实施涂覆,所述的吡哌酸颗粒由干法制粒制得,其成分含量组成如下:吡哌酸30%,微晶纤维素38%,低取代羟丙基纤维素18%,果糖6%,乳糖6%,二氧化硅0.5%,硬脂酰醇富马酸钠1.5%。涂覆过程结束后,涂层占整个已包衣颗粒的7.41%(重量比)(即颗粒增重8%)。
对实施例3-7的样品进行体外溶出试验或颗粒崩解试验,结果见表8。
表8药物体外溶出结果
Claims (17)
1.一种在给药过程中不愉快的异味不易被服用者察觉的药物涂层组合物,其特征在于该涂层组合物包括:
a)、外覆的涂层,该涂层含有:
1)、一种含量为10wt%至80wt%的药学上可接受的在任何pH值下均不溶于或几乎不溶于水的聚合物Ⅰ,
2)、一种含量为10wt%至70wt%的药学上可接受的溶于酸性介质但不溶于或几乎不溶于中性或碱性pH介质中的聚合物Ⅱ,及
3)、一种含量为1wt%至70wt%的药学上可接受的无不愉快的异味的不溶于或几乎不溶于水但能溶于酸性介质及碱性介质的颗粒物,上述含量均基于涂层的干总重量,
其中,上述的聚合物Ⅰ与上述的聚合物Ⅱ相容,
其中,上述的聚合物Ⅰ选自乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、醋酸纤维素、丙酸纤维素、醋酸丁酸纤维素、醋酸丙酸纤维素以及它们的混合物,上述的聚合物Ⅱ选自Eudragit E,
或者,上述的聚合物Ⅰ选自聚乙烯乙酸酯、乙烯乙酸酯-氯乙烯共聚物、氯乙烯-乙烯醇-乙烯乙酸酯三元共聚物以及它们的混合物,上述的聚合物Ⅱ选自Eudragit E,
或者,上述的聚合物Ⅰ选自聚乙烯乙酸酯、乙烯乙酸酯-氯乙烯共聚物、氯乙烯-乙烯醇-乙烯乙酸酯三元共聚物以及它们的混合物,上述的聚合物Ⅱ选自乙烯基二乙基胺-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物;
b)、被上述涂层包覆的含有一种有不愉快的异味的药物的核芯。
2.根据权利要求1的涂层组合物,其特征在于所述的能溶于酸性介质及碱性介质的颗粒物选自鸟苷酸、磷酸锌、L-胱氨酸、D-酪氨酸、酒石酸氢钾、D-色氨酸、L-苏氨酸、D-苏氨酸、D-亮氨酸、D-苯丙氨酸及其混合物。
3.根据权利要求1的涂层组合物,其特征在于所述的能溶于酸性介质及碱性介质的颗粒物选自磷酸锌。
4.根据权利要求1的涂层组合物,其特征在于所述的能溶于酸性介质及碱性介质的颗粒物选自鸟苷酸。
5.根据权利要求1的涂层组合物,其特征在于所述的能溶于酸性介质及碱性介质的颗粒物选自L-胱氨酸。
6.根据权利要求1的涂层组合物,其特征在于所述的能溶于酸性介质及碱性介质的颗粒物选自酒石酸氢钾。
7.根据权利要求1的涂层组合物,其特征在于所述的能溶于酸性介质及碱性介质的颗粒物的平均粒径为0.05~100μm。
8.根据权利要求1涂层组合物,其特征在于所述的聚合物Ⅰ选自乙基纤维素、醋酸纤维素及其混合物,所述的聚合物Ⅱ选自Eudragit E。
9.根据权利要求1的涂层组合物,其特征在于所述的聚合物Ⅰ选自聚乙烯乙酸酯,所述的聚合物Ⅱ选自Eudragit E。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任意一项的涂层组合物,其特征在于所述的聚合物Ⅰ在所述外覆的涂层中含量为20wt%至60wt%,所述的聚合物Ⅱ在所述外覆的涂层中含量为20wt%至50wt%,所述的能溶于酸性介质及碱性介质的颗粒物在所述外覆的涂层中含量为5wt%至50wt%,基于涂层的干总重量。
11.根据权利要求1至9中任意一项的涂层组合物,其特征在于所述的涂层不含有可溶于水的物质。
12.根据权利要求1至9中任意一项的涂层组合物,其特征在于所述的核芯为规则或不规则形式的片、颗粒、丸、药物晶体和/或载药树脂。
13.根据权利要求1至9中任意一项的涂层组合物,其特征在于所述的药物选自具有不愉悦味道的止痛剂、解热镇痛剂、非甾体抗炎药、CoX-2抑制剂、抗过敏剂、抗组胺类药、止吐药、肠道抗炎药、泻药、解痉药、胃粘膜保护剂、质子泵抑制剂、止泻药、多巴胺受体拮抗剂、利尿药、口服抗糖尿病药、止咳药、支气管扩张剂、选择性β-2拮抗药、解充血药、祛痰剂、大环内酯类抗生素、酮内酯类抗生素、喹诺酮类抗生素、头孢菌素类抗生素、青霉素类抗生素、磺胺类药物、四环素类药物、ACE-抑制剂、抗病毒药、抗真菌药、其他抗微生物剂、全身非选择性CNS抑制剂、全身非选择性CNS兴奋剂、选择性改变CNS功能的药物、镇静药、抗帕金森氏综合征药、抗精神病类药、抗癫痫药、抗抑郁药、抗惊厥剂、抗高血压药、抗冠脉扩张药、钙拮抗药、强心苷类、抗心律失常药、降低胆固醇药、抗肿瘤药、抗疟药、肾上腺皮质激素类药、维生素、矿物质、粪便软化剂、植物提取物。
14.根据权利要求1至9中任意一项的涂层组合物,其特征在于所述的药物选自乙酰氨基酚、尼美舒利, 吡罗昔康、噻氯匹定、马来酸溴苯那敏、非索非那定、特非那定、克拉奇霉素、罗红霉素、阿奇霉素、甲红霉素、阿齐红霉素、红霉素、泰利霉素、头孢呋辛酯、头孢克洛、头孢卡品、头孢羟氨苄、头孢泊肟、头孢替安酯、头孢特仑匹伏酯、舒巴坦钠、氟氯青霉素钠、氨苄青霉素酞酯盐酸盐、甲苯磺酸舒米西林、盐酸卡巴西林、羟氨苄青霉素、氨苄青霉素、邻氯青霉素、2,6-氟氯苯甲异青霉素、氟康唑、舍曲林、多奈哌齐、麦角胺及其酒石酸盐、依来曲普坦、唑吗替坦、舒马曲坦及其琥珀酸盐、双氢麦角胺、丙戊酸酯、盐酸氟西汀、帕罗西汀、利培酮、奥氮平、卡马西平、左旋多巴、硝苯地平、厄贝沙坦、多沙唑嗪甲磺酸盐、甲巯丙脯酸、依那普利、赖诺普利、洛伐他丁、普伐他汀、5-氟尿嘧啶、氟他胺、依托泊苷、环磷酰胺、铁盐、钙盐、锌盐、紫锥花属植物提取物、银杏内酯、黄连植物提取物、黄柏植物提取物、车前子植物提取物。
15.根据权利要求1至9中任意一项的涂层组合物,其特征在于所述的涂层占该涂层组合物总重量2~50%,所述的核芯占该涂层组合物总重量50~98%。
16.一种药物制剂,其特征在于该制剂包含权利要求1至15中任意一项的涂层组合物。
17.根据权利要求16的药物制剂,其特征在于其剂型为口服液体制剂、可咀嚼的片剂、复水为混悬液的粉剂、快速溶解的快溶片剂、锭剂、威化饼干、口香糖、装有粉剂/粒剂/小型或微型片/液体填料的硬壳胶囊、能够即刻释放或延迟释放的常规压缩片剂、糖果和糖块形式、气溶胶膏、胶体或小袋。
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