CN1020079C - Method and apparatus for forming blocks in vacuum - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for forming building blocks by simultaneously using vibration, compression and vacuum action, which is characterized in that the building blocks are stirred in vacuum, stone fragments with different sizes, powder thereof and binder are stirred into a completely uniform mixture, and the mixture is simultaneously pressurized and vibrated in an air-free environment. The invention also relates to a device for forming a block by the above method.

Description

With the method proposed by the present invention, any material (marble, rock and other various types of materials) is used as raw material, combined with the most appropriate proportion of binders, to produce dense blocks ready to be cut into smaller slabs or Blocks for building construction.

In the applicant's Italian patent application No. 82540/A/75 filed on September 15, 1975 and the applicant's first supplementary patent application No. 85564/A/77 filed on April 22, 1977 , presents a method that uses a combination of vibration and pressure in an air-free environment to form resinous fragment-like bonded stones.

The above method requires the use of stone fragments controlled within a limited range (maximum 4mm), using a combination of vibration and pressure in an air-free environment to make the material itself dense, and then use the appropriate method proposed to heat the resin. to catalyze.

In the application No. 85558/A/81 submitted by the applicant on May 7, 1981, the size of the marble fragments used was as large as 200mm, and a rather large block was made (up to 305×125×80cm ). The material to control the size of the pieces is co-cast in a mould, in an air atmosphere, with a mixed binder supplied by a suitable mixer. The mold thus filled is then placed in a press, where it is vibrated, completely degassed and compacted until the block is completely formed. Blocks made in this way are usually left to stand in the natural environment, or placed in an oven to be catalyzed by the heat generated by the resin.

Both methods have inconveniences, in particular:

The first method and its improvements require the use of very small pieces (maximum 4mm), which requires a crushing process and stone screening, thus increasing the pre-processing time. Since the grains are very small, the ratio of volume to surface area shrinks, so the total covered area Become very large, just need to use a large amount of binder.

The second method overcomes the disadvantages of the first method, but does not introduce any other important features. Since stirring and mold compaction are carried out in the open air, it promotes the formation of pores in the material, and it is difficult to eliminate the pores simply by shaking in an air-free environment.

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a block, which uses vibration, compression and vacuum at the same time to make the formed block have better rigidity.

Yet another object of the present invention is to seek to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming, therefore proposes a set of equipment, can use the stone material that fragment size is as large as 200mm, and the powder and fragment of above-mentioned stone material, manufactures a considerable amount (up to 305 * 125 * 80cm) blocks.

In order to achieve the above results, it is therefore necessary to take into account some new features of machines and products, which differ considerably from the previous ones.

According to a method of forming blocks by vibration, compression and vacuum at the same time according to the present invention, it is characterized in that stirring is carried out in a vacuum, and stone fragments of various sizes, their powders and binders are stirred into a completely uniform The mixture is simultaneously pressurized and shaken in an air-free environment.

Plant according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises: a mixer for mixing the above-mentioned pieces with the binder to form a mixture, mechanical means for stirring the above-mentioned mixture in the said mixer to obtain a homogeneous mixture, a mold receiving said mixture from said mixer; means for creating a vacuum in said mixer and said mold; a means connected to said mold so as to agitate said mold by alternating reciprocating and translational motions a carrier having an opening to receive said mold; a tunnel leading said mold to said press; means for maintaining a vacuum in said press; simultaneous compaction and means for vibrating said mixture comprising a plurality of cylinders connected to a beam, means for lowering said beam into contact with said mixture so as to exert vibration and pressure on said mixture; transporting said mold means to the tunnel, and means to unload blocks from the press.

Firstly, it is almost impossible to move by itself in the slurry because of the large amount of lumps. this Indicates that the block must be settled in the model by an automatic process, so that until the end of the process, the model cannot move its position in the equipment. Second, the blocks must be brought vertically close to each other under high pressure.

Apparently, during this one stage of the operation, considerable friction occurs between the various constituents (the main part being of considerable size) having various fragment sizes.

In order for this force to be tolerated, it is therefore necessary to induce powerful vibrations within the mixture itself during the pressurization operation.

In order to increase the magnitude of the oscillating force emitted by the beam provided with the mechanical vibrator and to allow the vibration to propagate throughout the mixture in operation, the mixture must have sufficient stiffness.

This rigidity must be guaranteed by the largest possible number of pieces of various sizes, the smallest possible amount of binder, and the absolute absence of air pockets in the dough itself.

At the end of the operation, the resulting block must be completely free of porosity in the material.

The main advantages achieved with this new method are:

1) Considerable savings in binders;

2) The main content of the product is natural components, so it has better quality;

3) It can form blocks with large size and these characteristics;

4) Any stone of various fragment sizes and characteristics can be used, thus utilizing all products of the crushing process.

The entire process should be carried out in an air-free environment, thereby eliminating the possibility of air being contained in the product, which would greatly reduce the strength and quality of the finished product.

The blocks produced in this way are then hardened, depending on the type of binder used. In fact the binder used may be organic or inorganic.

Organic binders such as phenolic resins, black resins (melanyl resins), urea resins, epoxy resins, polyester resins, etc. require high temperature or low temperature for polymerization, so that the molecules of the binder may polymerize with each other; inorganic binders Like cement, you only need to wait for the various components to react with each other and harden.

The following description also relates to apparatus for carrying out the method which is the subject of the invention.

Figure 1 is a schematic side view of the equipment used to carry out the method of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view along line II-II in Fig. 1 .

In Fig. 1, a mixer 2 placed above and communicating with the channel 9 can be seen. The blades of the mixer 2 are driven and rotated by two reducers, which are not shown in the figure and are connected with hydraulic motors.

The carrier 7 carrying the mold 1 enters the tunnel 9 during the phase of charging through the feed port of the mixer 2 indicated by the arrow "F" in the figure. During this phase the gate 5 is closed. After the stage of charging the mixer 2 with a certain amount of mixture containing briquettes of the material used, its powder and binder, the gates 3 and 4 are closed. Then with a vacuum pump not shown in the figure, the agitator 2 and the tunnel 9 are evacuated.

After the work of the mixer is completed, the mixture is discharged from the discharge port of the mixer, and packed into the reciprocating mold 1 on the carrier 7, as shown in Figure 1, until the mixture is evenly distributed.

At the same time, the gate 11 is closed, and the pressure bed 6 is evacuated.

At this time, the gate 5 is opened, and the mold 1 is sent into the press 6 by the carrier 7; then the gate 5 is closed again. Then gate 4 and gate 3 are reopened to allow another mold to enter, and the procedure starts again.

The press 6 in Fig. 2 mainly consists of a beam 8 which is lowered under the action of a cylinder 12 to cause vibration and pressurization on the block pellet mass in an air-free environment.

Once the vibration and pressurization action and the vacuum action are terminated, the gate 11 is opened and the block is transported away with the carrier 7. The tray 13 is located under the fully raised beam 8 to prevent the residual material adhering to the beam 8 from falling to the ground. Carrier board 14.

The specific example of the equipment used to carry out the above method according to the present invention is shown in the accompanying drawings.

The invention also includes products obtained by the above method, which have novel characteristics over blocks of material obtained by previous methods.

Claims (3)

1. A method of simultaneously forming blocks by vibration, compression and vacuum, which is characterized in that stirring is carried out in a vacuum, and stone fragments of various sizes, their powders and binders are stirred into a completely uniform mixture, The mixture is simultaneously pressurized and shaken in an air-free environment. 2. An apparatus for use in the method of claim 1, characterized in that said apparatus comprises: a mixer for mixing said pieces with a binder to form a mixture, a mechanism for mixing said mixture in said mixer to obtain a homogeneous mixture, a mold receiving said mixture from said mixer; means for creating a vacuum in said mixer and said mold; a carrier coupled to said mold for agitating said mold by alternating reciprocating and translational motions; a press having an opening to receive said die; a tunnel leading the mold to the press; means for maintaining vacuum in the above-mentioned presses; means for simultaneously compacting and vibrating said mixture in said press, comprising a plurality of air cylinders connected to a beam for lowering said beam into contact with said mixture so as to vibrate and vibrate said mixture pressure device; means for transporting the mold to the tunnel, and means for unloading blocks from said press. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said mixer includes a plurality of blades and a hydraulic motor for rotating said blades.

Images