CN102007855A - Method for grafting melons on double rootstocks - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for grafting melons with double rootstocks, comprising the following steps: (1) sowing white-seeded pumpkins and black-seeded pumpkins in pairs at the same time; (2) sowing melon seeds 5-8 days after sowing the rootstocks; (3) When the diameter of the first true leaf of the stock white-seed pumpkin reaches 4.5cm-6cm, the first true leaf of the white-seed pumpkin is removed, and the growth point of the black-seed pumpkin is removed, and the rootstock is grafted together by the abutment method; meanwhile, The melon seedlings are obliquely cut with a blade at the hypocotyl ion leaf 1.5cm-2.5cm, and the cut melon scion is obliquely inserted into the hypocotyl ion leaf 0.3cm-0.7cm position of the white-seeded pumpkin with a grafting needle; ( 4) Seedling management, planting after 2-4 days. The present invention carries out the docking of two kinds of rootstocks and the plugging of melon scions and rootstocks at the same time, which greatly improves the operation efficiency and greatly reduces the management cost produced accordingly. It is very suitable for factory production of grafted seedlings.

Description

Method of double rootstock grafting of melons

technical field

The invention relates to crop cultivation techniques, in particular to a melon grafting method.

Background technique

Cucurbitaceae melon crops are popular foods. With the adjustment of the planting industry structure and the increase of support for facility agriculture, the cultivated area of melon crops has increased year by year, and the output and economic benefits have increased significantly, which has played a positive role in increasing agricultural efficiency and farmers' income. However, the repeated cropping of melon crops leads to the serious occurrence of diseases such as Fusarium wilt and creeping blight, which restricts the cultivation and development of melon crops. At present, grafting cultivation is the most effective method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases such as fusarium wilt of melon crops in production. White-seeded pumpkin is widely used as a rootstock because of its good compatibility and relatively little impact on the quality of melon crops. Compared with self-root melon crops, it obviously shows the characteristics of high yield and good disease resistance. However, with the popularization and application of grafting cultivation techniques, new problems have emerged in production. Due to the increasingly serious obstacles to continuous cropping and the emergence of new pathogenic physiological races, grafted seedlings with a single rootstock are used in some areas. It will also show serious disease occurrence, and this phenomenon is becoming more and more serious. In addition, the plants grafted with white-seeded pumpkin often show premature aging in field production, which also seriously affects the yield and quality of melon crops. If other rootstocks such as black seed pumpkin can be used instead to show good disease resistance and growth vigor, it has a great impact on the quality and flavor of melon crops, greatly reducing its commercial value.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a method for grafting melons with double rootstocks.

Technical scheme of the present invention is summarized as follows:

A kind of melon double stock grafting method, comprises the steps:

A kind of melon double stock grafting method, comprises the steps:

(1) rootstock white-seed pumpkin and black-seed pumpkin are sowed in pairs simultaneously in the seedling-raising substrate at a distance of 1cm-1.5cm;

(2) melon seeds are sown in a seedling tray equipped with a seedling substrate when the rootstock is sown for 5-8 days;

(3) When the diameter of the first true leaf of the rootstock white seeded pumpkin reaches 4.5cm-6cm, the first true leaf of the white seeded pumpkin is removed, and the growth point of the black seeded pumpkin is removed, and the rootstock white seeded Pumpkin and black-seeded pumpkin are grafted together and fixed with clips; at the same time, two melon seedlings with cotyledons at an angle of 90-150 degrees are cut obliquely with a blade at 1.5cm-2.5cm of the hypocotyl ion leaf, and the roots are removed. The cut melon scion is obliquely inserted into the hypocotyl ion leaf 0.3cm-0.7cm position of the white-seeded pumpkin with a grafting needle;

(4) At 25-30°C, cover the grafted seedlings directly with plastic film to ensure that the relative humidity of the air is 100%. Cover with film so that the relative air humidity is 100%, continue to cover with sunshade nets to avoid light for 45-50 hours, remove the sunshade nets, manage for 5-15 days according to normal seedling management, remove the second true leaves and growth points of white seeded pumpkin, and press normal Seedling management, planting after 2-4 days.

The seedling raising substrate in the step (1) is arranged in the seedling raising tray.

The seedling hole of the seedling raising tray is square or circular.

The seedling raising substrate in the described seedling raising tray is peat soil with a thickness of 3 cm at the bottom and vermiculite with a thickness of 2 cm at the top, and the melon seeds are sown between the peat soil and the vermiculite.

The melons are cucumbers, melons or watermelons.

The sowing density of the seeds of the cucumber or muskmelon is 25cm×50cm and 750 seeds are evenly sown.

The present invention carries out the docking of two kinds of rootstocks and the plugging of melon scions and rootstocks at the same time, which greatly improves the operation efficiency and greatly reduces the management cost produced accordingly. It is very suitable for factory production of grafted seedlings.

By adopting the method of the present invention, the survival rate of grafting reaches more than 95%. Due to the effect of the root system of the double rootstock, the growth of the seedlings is obviously better than that of the grafted seedlings of the single rootstock, and the influence of the black-seeded pumpkin on the quality of melons can be reduced to a greater extent. Melon crops with double rootstock roots, such as cucumbers, show good disease resistance in heavily cropped fields, and the diseased plant rate in the field is significantly lower than that of single rootstock grafted plants, and the yield is increased by more than 30%. The fruit sugar content of melon and watermelon (Soluble solids) are the same as single rootstock grafted fruit.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.

Example 1

A kind of melon double stock grafting method, comprises the steps:

(1) rootstock white-seed pumpkin and black-seed pumpkin are sown in pairs at the same time at a distance of 1 cm in the seedling hole that is equipped with a seedling-raising substrate in a square seedling-raising tray;

(2) Cucumber seeds were sowed in the seedling tray that the seedling substrate was housed when the rootstock was sown for 6 days. The bottom of the seedling substrate in the seedling tray was 3 cm thick peat soil, and the cucumber seeds were sown on the peat soil, and then covered with 2 cm thick leech Stone, the sowing density of cucumber seeds is 25cm×50cm sow 750 evenly;

(3) When the diameter of the first true leaf of rootstock white-seed pumpkin reaches 5cm, the first true leaf of white-seed pumpkin is removed, and the growth point of black-seed pumpkin is removed, and the rootstock white-seed pumpkin and black-seed pumpkin are grafted on Together, fix them with clips; at the same time, place two melon seedlings with cotyledons at an angle of 120 degrees at the hypocotyl ion leaf 2.0 cm, remove the root, and insert the cut cucumber scion obliquely into the hypogerm of white-seeded pumpkin with a grafting needle At the position of 0.5cm of the axis ion leaf;

(4) At 25-30°C, cover the grafted seedlings directly with plastic film to ensure that the relative humidity of the air is 100%, and at the same time cover it with a sunshade net to avoid light, keep it for 24 hours, remove the plastic film, set up a shed, and cover with plastic film , so that the relative humidity of the air is 100%, continue to cover with sunshade nets to avoid light for 48 hours, remove the sunshade nets, and manage them according to normal seedling cultivation for 12 days, remove the second true leaf and growth point of white-seeded pumpkin, manage them according to normal seedling cultivation, and plant them after 3 days .

Example 2

A kind of melon double stock grafting method, comprises the steps:

(1) rootstock white-seed pumpkin and black-seed pumpkin are 1.5cm apart and sowed in pairs simultaneously in the seedling hole that seedling-raising substrate is housed in the circular seedling-raising tray;

(2) Melon seeds are sowed in the seedling tray that seedling substrate is housed when rootstock sows 5 days, and the bottom of the seedling substrate in the seedling tray is 3cm thick peat soil, and melon seed is sowed on peat soil, then covers 2cm thick leech above Stone, the sowing density of melon seeds is 25cm×50cm and 750 seeds are evenly sown;

(3) When the diameter of the first true leaf of the rootstock white-seed pumpkin reaches 4.5cm, the first true leaf of the white-seed pumpkin is removed, and the growth point of the black-seed pumpkin is removed, and the rootstock white-seed pumpkin and black-seed Graft pumpkins together and fix them with clips; at the same time, place two melon seedlings with cotyledons at an angle of 90 degrees at 1.5 cm from the hypocotyl ion leaf, remove the root, and insert the cut melon scion obliquely into the white-seeded pumpkin with a grafting needle The hypocotyl ion lobe 0.3cm position;

(4) At 25-30°C, cover the grafted seedlings directly with plastic film to ensure that the relative humidity of the air is 100%, and at the same time cover it with a sunshade net to avoid light, keep it for 22 hours, remove the plastic film, set up an arch shed, and cover with plastic film , so that the relative air humidity is 100%, continue to cover with sunshade nets to avoid light for 45 hours, remove the sunshade nets, manage for 5 days according to normal seedling cultivation, remove the second true leaf and growth point of white-seeded pumpkin, manage according to normal seedling cultivation, and plant after 2 days .

Example 3

A kind of melon double stock grafting method, comprises the steps:

(1) rootstock white-seed pumpkin and black-seed pumpkin are 1.2cm apart and sowed in pairs simultaneously in the seedling hole that is equipped with seedling-raising matrix in the seedling-raising hole tray of square;

(2) Watermelon seeds were sowed in the seedling tray that the seedling substrate was housed when the rootstock was sown for 7 days. The bottom of the seedling substrate in the seedling tray was 3cm thick peat soil, and the watermelon seeds were sown on the peat soil, and then covered with 2cm thick leeches stone;

(3) When the diameter of the first true leaf of rootstock white-seed pumpkin reaches 6cm, the first true leaf of white-seed pumpkin is removed, and the growth point of black-seed pumpkin is removed, and the rootstock white-seed pumpkin and black-seed pumpkin are grafted on Together, fix them with clips; at the same time, put two melon seedlings whose cotyledons have an expansion angle of 150 degrees on the hypocotyl ion leaf 2.5cm, remove the root, and insert the cut melon scion obliquely into the lower part of the white-seeded pumpkin with a grafting needle. At the position of 0.7cm of hypocotyl ion lobe;

(4) At 25-30°C, cover the grafted seedlings directly with mulch film to ensure that the relative air humidity is 100%, and at the same time cover it with a sunshade net to avoid light, keep it for 26 hours, remove the mulch film, set up an arch shed, and cover with plastic film , so that the relative humidity of the air is 100%, continue to cover with sunshade nets to avoid light for 50 hours, remove the sunshade nets, manage for 8 days according to normal seedling cultivation, remove the second true leaf and growth point of white-seeded pumpkin, manage according to normal seedling cultivation, and plant after 4 days .

Example 4

A kind of melon double stock grafting method, comprises the steps:

(1) rootstock white-seed pumpkin and black-seed pumpkin are sowed in pairs simultaneously in the seedling-raising substrate at a distance of 1.3 cm;

(2) Cucumber seeds were sowed in the seedling tray that the seedling substrate was equipped with when the rootstock was sown for 8 days, the bottom of the seedling substrate in the seedling tray was 3cm thick peat soil, the cucumber seeds were sown on the peat soil, and covered with 2cm thick leeches Stone, the sowing density of cucumber seeds is 25cm×50cm sow 750 evenly;

(3) When the diameter of the first true leaf of the rootstock white-seed pumpkin reaches 5.5cm, the first true leaf of the white-seed pumpkin is removed, and the growth point of the black-seed pumpkin is removed, and the rootstock white-seed pumpkin and black-seed Graft the pumpkins together and fix them with clips; at the same time, place two melon seedlings with cotyledons at an angle of 120 degrees at 2.5 cm from the hypocotyl ion leaf, remove the root, and insert the cut cucumber scion obliquely into the white-seeded pumpkin with a grafting needle 0.5cm position of the hypocotyl ion lobe;

(4) At 25-30°C, cover the grafted seedlings directly with plastic film to ensure that the relative humidity of the air is 100%, and at the same time cover it with a sunshade net to avoid light, keep it for 24 hours, remove the plastic film, set up a shed, and cover with plastic film , so that the relative humidity of the air is 100%, continue to cover with sunshade nets to avoid light for 48 hours, remove the sunshade nets, manage them according to normal seedling cultivation for 15 days, remove the second true leaves and growth points of white-seeded pumpkin, manage them according to normal seedling cultivation, and plant them after 3 days .

Table 1 is carrying out grafting experiment data to cucumber, muskmelon, watermelon with the method of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of melon class double stock grafting method is characterized in that comprising the steps: (1) rootstock white-seed pumpkin and black-seed pumpkin are sowed in pairs simultaneously in the seedling-raising substrate at a distance of 1cm-1.5cm; (2) melon seeds are sown in a seedling tray equipped with a seedling substrate when the rootstock is sown for 5-8 days; (3) When the diameter of the first true leaf of the rootstock white seeded pumpkin reaches 4.5cm-6cm, the first true leaf of the white seeded pumpkin is removed, and the growth point of the black seeded pumpkin is removed, and the rootstock white seeded Pumpkin and black-seeded pumpkin are grafted together and fixed with clips; at the same time, two melon seedlings with cotyledons at an angle of 90-150 degrees are cut obliquely with a blade at 1.5cm-2.5cm of the hypocotyl ion leaf, and the roots are removed. The cut melon scion is obliquely inserted into the hypocotyl ion leaf 0.3cm-0.7cm position of the white-seeded pumpkin with a grafting needle; (4) At 25-30°C, cover the grafted seedlings directly with plastic film to ensure that the relative humidity of the air is 100%. Cover with film so that the relative air humidity is 100%, continue to cover with sunshade nets to avoid light for 45-50 hours, remove the sunshade nets, manage for 5-15 days according to normal seedling management, remove the second true leaves and growth points of white seeded pumpkin, and press normal Seedling management, planting after 2-4 days. 2. a kind of melon double rootstock grafting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the seedling raising matrix of described step (1) is arranged in the seedling raising plug. 3. A method for grafting melons with double rootstocks according to claim 2, characterized in that the seedling holes of the seedling trays are square or circular. 4. a kind of melon class double rootstock grafting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the seedling raising substrate in the described seedling raising tray is that the bottom is 3cm thick peat soil, and the top is 2cm thick vermiculite, and described melon class seed is sown Between the peat soil and vermiculite. 5. A method for grafting melons with double rootstocks according to claim 1, characterized in that said melons are cucumbers, muskmelons or watermelons. 6. A kind of melon double stock grafting method according to claim 5, is characterized in that the sowing density of the seed of described cucumber or muskmelon is 25cm * 50cm and evenly sows 750 grains.