CN102007286B - 内燃机用氢供给装置及内燃机的运转方法 - Google Patents
内燃机用氢供给装置及内燃机的运转方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供并用由氢供给体脱氢得到的氢的高效内燃机,该内燃机用氢供给装置以氢供给体和烃类燃料中的至少任意一方作为燃料源,该内燃机用氢供给装置具有由氢供给体生成氢的脱氢反应器,脱氢反应器在一面具有负载有脱氢催化剂的氢产生部,在另一面具有让来自内燃机的排气通过、并且负载有将由氢供给体生成的脱氢产物氧化而放热的氧化催化剂的氧化反应部,该内燃机用氢供给装置还具有将产生的氢与脱氢产物分离的氢分离设备、储存分离的氢的储存设备及储存脱氢产物的设备,和将产生的氢添加供给到燃料源的设备。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及利用了内燃机的排气系统的废热、通过液态氢供给体的脱氢反应供给氢的氢供给装置以及使用所产生的氢的内燃机的运转方法。
背景技术
本发明人提出了将芳族化合物等不饱和化合物等氢化而得到的液态有机化合物可以比较容易地进行氢的脱离和再结合,将该化合物用作液态的氢供给体,将由这些有机物构成的氢供给体称为有机氢化物。
在以将有机氢化物等氢化燃料搭载在车辆上、通过脱氢反应得到的氢以及脱氢产物作为内燃机燃料的利用氢的内燃机中,提出了存积脱氢产物,任意选择氢化燃料、脱氢产物、氢中的至少一种作为内燃机的燃料(例如参照专利文献1)。
然而,脱氢反应催化剂负载在蜂窝载体上,围绕内燃机的排气管形成的蜂窝载体虽然将排气所具有的热能热传导给排气管而加以利用,但是热传导速度慢,在加速时存在不能充分追从氢产生量的问题。
专利文献1:日本特开2005-147124号公报
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供将由作为氢供给体的有机氢化物通过脱氢反应生成的氢与烃类燃料一起供给到内燃机中,烃的燃烧效率得到改善,从而能以高的空燃比运转,可以实现二氧化碳排出的减少和烃的燃料消耗量的提高的内燃机,其目的在于,提供具有根据内燃机的负荷变动由氢供给体通过脱氢反应快速地产生氢的氢供给装置的内燃机。
本发明是内燃机用氢供给装置,该装置以氢供给体和烃类燃料中的至少任意一方作为燃料源,具有由氢供给体生成氢的脱氢反应器,脱氢反应器在一面具有负载有脱氢催化剂的氢产生部,在另一面具有让来自内燃机的排气通过、并且负载有将由氢供给体生成的脱氢产物氧化而放热的氧化催化剂的氧化反应部,该内燃机用氢供给装置还具有将产生的氢与脱氢产物分离的氢分离设备、储存分离的氢的储存设备及储存脱氢产物的设备,和将产生的氢添加供给到燃料源的设备。
此外,本发明是上述内燃机用氢供给装置,其中,脱氢反应器的脱氢催化剂和氧化催化剂负载在多孔质氧化铝层的表面上,该多孔质氧化铝层是使层压在基材金属上的铝层变成耐酸铝后形成的。
本发明是上述内燃机用氢供给装置,其中,具有通过对基材金属本身进行通电加热来对脱氢催化剂进行加热的通电加热设备。
本发明是上述内燃机用氢供给装置,其中,脱氢反应器中设置有温度传感器、氢供给体喷射用喷嘴,并且设置有用于加热氢反应部的脱氢产物供给喷嘴和空气供给管。
此外,本发明是上述内燃机用氢供给装置,其中,在与脱氢反应器连接的排气管设置有将排气管分支的分支部,分支部设置有根据氢产生设备的温度来调整流量的排气流量调整阀。
本发明是上述内燃机用氢供给装置,其中,设置有将产生的氢供给到排气净化催化剂转换器的氢供给设备。
内燃机的运转方法,该内燃机以氢供给体和烃类燃料中的至少任意一方作为燃料源,具有由氢供给体生成氢的脱氢反应器,脱氢反应器在一面具有负载有脱氢催化剂的氢产生部,在另一面具有让来自内燃机的排气通过、并且负载有将由氢供给体生成的脱氢产物氧化而放热的氧化催化剂的氧化反应部,该内燃机还具有将产生的氢与脱氢产物分离的氢分离设备、储存分离的氢的储存设备及储存脱氢产物的设备,和将产生的氢添加供给到燃料源的设备,在所述内燃机的运转方法中,通过浓度传感器对从内燃机的排气管释放到大气中的二氧化碳浓度的量进行测定,对氢与烃燃料的混合比率进行控制以使二氧化碳的测定值达到规定值以下。
本发明是上述内燃机的运转方法,其中,通过对构成脱氢反应器的部件进行通电加热来对脱氢催化剂进行加热。
本发明是上述内燃机的运转方法,其中,在脱氢反应器的氢反应部的温度为规定以下时,通过由脱氢产物供给喷嘴供给的脱氢产物和由空气供给管供给的空气使脱氢产物燃烧,将氢反应部加热至规定温度后,从氢供给体喷射用喷嘴喷射氢供给体进行脱氢反应。
本发明是上述内燃机的运转方法,其中,将由氢供给体产生的氢的一部分供给到排气净化催化剂转换器,对排出的氮氧化物的浓度进行调整。
本发明利用内燃机的排气系统的废热,使用具有形成有催化剂反应层的面和形成有氧化催化剂层的面的脱氢反应器进行氢供给体的脱氢反应。因此,由于可以实现排气系统废热的有效利用,可以有效地产生氢。此外,与内燃机的燃料并用时,由于可以以高空燃比稳定地燃烧,可以提高燃料消耗量的同时,可以抑制二氧化碳的产生。进一步地,向排气催化剂转换器供给氢时,可以在空燃比大的状态下,降低产生量增加的氮氧化物的浓度。
附图说明
图1为对具有本发明的氢供给装置的内燃机的整体结构进行说明的图。
图2为对本发明的内燃机用氢供给装置的工作进行说明的图。
图3为对脱氢反应器的一个实施例进行说明的图。
1…内燃机、3…空气净化器、5…空气流量计、7…燃料罐、9…供给泵、11…汽油喷嘴、13…火花塞、15…排气管、17…排气净化催化剂转换器、19…脱氢反应器、21…氢供给体贮槽、23…供给泵、24…氢供给体喷嘴、25…混合物排出管、26…氢分离装置、27…压缩泵、29…氢贮槽、31…脱氢产物贮槽、33…排气管、35…空气供给设备、37…脱氢产物供给管、38…供给泵、39…消音器、40…喷嘴、41…流量调整阀、43…旁通管路、45、45A…氢喷嘴、47…控制装置、61…外壳、62…反应管、63…脱氢反应部、65…氧化反应部、67…金属基材、69…铝层、71…脱氢催化剂、73…氧化催化剂
具体实施方式
本发明在使用甲基环己烷等脱氢容易的氢供给体作为内燃机的氢源时,具有作为氢生成反应器的加热方法,利用内燃机的排气具有的废热来进行脱氢反应的氢生成反应器。进一步地发现,在氢生成反应器的一面具有设置有脱氢反应催化剂的氢产生反应部,另一面设置负载有将由氢供给体生成的脱氢产物氧化而放热的氧化催化剂的氧化反应部,由此可以提供即使通过内燃机的废热进行的加热不充分时,也可以达到规定的温度,总是稳定地供给氢的内燃机用的氢供给装置。
以下参照附图对本发明进行说明。
图1为对具有本发明的氢供给装置的内燃机的整体结构进行说明的图。
向内燃机1中通过空气流量计5供给用空气净化器3净化过的空气,此外,储存在燃料罐7中的汽油等烃通过供给泵9由汽油喷嘴11供给喷射,由吸气系统供给到汽缸内,通过火花塞13点火进行内燃机的运转。
燃烧后的排气通过排气管15送到排气净化催化剂转换器17中进行净化后,供给到脱氢反应器19中。
在脱氢反应器19中,甲基环己烷等氢供给体由氢供给体贮槽21通过供给泵23供给,通过氢供给体喷嘴24喷射,通过配置在脱氢反应器19的脱氢反应部的催化剂引发脱氢反应。
生成的氢与脱氢产物的混合物,通过混合物排出管25送入到氢分离装置26中,被分离为氢和脱氢产物。氢通过压缩泵27压缩,储存在氢贮槽29中。此外,甲苯等脱氢产物储存在氢储存体贮槽31中以再次用作氢储存体。
作为氢供给体,可以举出环己烷、甲基环己烷、二甲基环己烷、四氢化萘、十氢化萘、甲基十氢化萘等通过对芳烃及其衍生物等具有不饱和键的烃及其衍生物进行氢化而生成的、比较容易发生脱氢反应而生成氢的化合物。
向脱氢反应器19供给排气的排气管33与空气供给设备35和脱氢产物供给管37结合,脱氢反应器19的脱氢催化剂温度低于脱氢反应温度时,在脱氢反应器19内部,由脱氢产物供给管37供给的脱氢产物与由空气供给设备35供给的空气通过氧化催化剂的作用而燃烧,从而将脱氢催化剂加热至规定的反应温度。此外,通过了脱氢反应器19的排气由消音器39释放到外部。
另一方面,排气管33具有旁通脱氢反应器19的流量调整阀41和旁通管路43,由于由排气管大量流入高温的排气,脱氢反应器19达到规定温度以上时,通过向旁通管路侧送入排气,可以将脱氢反应器19的温度降低至规定的反应温度。
此外,储存在氢贮槽29中的氢由氢喷嘴45供给到吸气系统中,作为内燃机的燃料。
此外,储存在氢贮槽29中的氢,若通过氢喷嘴45A供给到排气催化剂转换器17,则可以在稀混合气燃烧的状态下降低产生量增加的氮氧化物的浓度。
以上的汽油喷嘴、氢气喷嘴、泵、流量计、流量调整阀、温度传感器、火花塞等与控制装置47连接,根据内燃机的负荷、加速器的打开程度、加速度等运转状况对喷嘴的注入量、喷射间隔、流量、必要氢量等进行控制。
此外,以上说明中,对氢在汽缸的外部与吸气系统的空气混合的情况进行了说明,但是氢也可以由加压储存氢的氢贮槽直接供给到汽缸内。
图2为对本发明的内燃机用氢供给装置的工作进行说明的图。
内燃机1起动时,通过步骤S21检测运转条件,通过步骤S22计算必要氢量。接着通过步骤S23,检测脱氢反应器19的脱氢反应部的脱氢催化剂温度,通过步骤S24算出应该喷射的氢供给体量,根据算出量喷射氢供给体。
此时,脱氢反应器中脱氢催化剂的温度通过步骤S25判断为300℃以下时,通过步骤S26,为了升高脱氢催化剂温度,通过驱动供给泵38、喷嘴40、使氢储存体燃烧的空气供给设备35来提高温度,所述供给泵38通过氢储存体供给管37供给储存在氢储存体贮槽31中的作为脱氢产物的氢储存体。
此外,本发明的脱氢反应器中,还可以装配用于加热的电加热器进行通电加热,或对脱氢反应器的脱氢反应部的基材金属直接通电来进行加热。
此外,脱氢反应器温度通过步骤S27判断为450℃以上时,驱动排气流量调整阀41,排气的一部分在排气旁通管路43中送入到消音器39一侧,将脱氢反应器温度控制在300℃~450℃之间。
此外,通过步骤S29,根据空燃比、用设置在排气管口的二氧化碳传感器检测的信号,对系统整体进行控制以达到通过步骤S30设定的二氧化碳排出量。
图3为对脱氢反应器的一个实施例进行说明的图。
图3(A)为平面图,图3(B)为在A-A’线切断得到的截面图,图3(C)为在B-B’线切断得到的截面图,图3(D)为图3(C)所示的一个反应管的放大图。
脱氢反应器19在内部由不锈钢等耐热性金属材料形成的外壳61之内,具有在两面形成有脱氢反应部63、氧化反应部65的至少1个反应管62。
反应管62是在不锈钢、镍合金等金属基材67的两面通过包覆、无电解电镀等方法层压铝层69而成的,铝层的表面在进行耐酸铝处理后,进一步通过热水处理等方法形成多孔质的氧化铝层。然后在多孔质氧化铝层上负载脱氢催化剂71和氧化催化剂73。
脱氢催化剂、氧化催化剂可以通过涂布含有选自铂、钯、铑、铼、钌中的至少一种元素的化合物的溶液后进行煅烧来制备。
反应管62的外部空间在排气通过而将脱氢催化剂加热至规定的温度后排气。此外,向反应管62的内部空间通过氢供给体喷嘴24喷射甲基环己烷等氢供给体,产生氢和甲苯等脱氢产物,并通过混合物排出管25导出。
此外,由于在反应管62的外表面形成了负载有氧化催化剂73的氧化反应部65,即使利用所供给的排气也未使脱氢催化剂的温度达到反应温度时,由喷嘴40喷射作为氢储存体的脱氢产物的同时,由排气管通过空气供给设备(未图示)供给空气,通过氧化催化剂73的作用而放热,由此可以将脱氢催化剂的温度加热至规定的温度。
此外,本发明的脱氢反应器是在耐热性的金属材料的表面上层压热传导性良好的铝后,形成催化剂层,因此热传导性良好,可以有效地利用排气所具有的废热。
此外,也可以使耐热性的金属材料与通电设备连接,由搭载在车辆上的电池等电源通电,对耐热性的金属材料本身进行加热,由此使脱氢催化剂达到规定的温度。
对于图3所示的脱氢反应器,举出管状反应器的例子进行说明,但是也可以在连续的瓦楞薄板上的部件的两面分别设置脱氢催化剂层、氧化催化剂层。
此外,本发明的内燃机中,将氢混合在烃类燃料中时,排气中的烃减少,但是与不混合氢的情况相比,氮氧化物有可能增加。此时,通过将作为内燃机用燃料配合的氢的一部分通过氢喷嘴45A注入到排气净化催化剂转换器17中,可以减少排出的氮氧化物的浓度。
实施例
以下举出实施例、比较例对本发明进行说明。
实施例1和比较例1
在搭载有1L引擎的车辆上搭载图3所示的具有管状反应器的氢产生装置,该管状反应器负载有板翅式铂负载耐酸铝催化剂,所述氢产生装置通过利用引擎排气进行的加热将催化剂的温度保持在300℃-350℃之间,作为有机氢化物,将甲基环己烷喷射到催化剂中使其产生氢。
将产生的氢以10-50L/分钟的供给速度由氢喷嘴导入到引擎中。对于在汽油中添加氢而成的汽油-氢混合燃烧系统和以往的仅利用汽油的汽油燃烧系统,在底盘测功计中对排出二氧化碳浓度和燃料消耗率进行测定,结果以及引擎转速(rpm)、空气/燃料比如表1所示。
实施例示于试验1-1~1-4中,比较例示于比1-1~1-2中。
在相对于汽油添加氢3-6%而成的汽油-氢混合燃烧的内燃机中,在高空燃比(稀混合气燃烧条件)下实现稳定的引擎燃烧运转,此外得到排出二氧化碳浓度与仅利用汽油的情况相比,降低22~34%,进而燃料消耗率提高26-66%的添加氢的结果。
而且,试验1-1、1-2、1-4、1-5中,在汽油供给量:3.1L/h的条件下运转,
试验1-3中,在汽油供给量:4.2L/h的条件下运转,
比较1-1、1-2中,在汽油供给量:6.1L/h的条件下运转。此外,以上情况都在加速器的打开程度为30%的条件下运转引擎。
[表1]
实施例2和比较例2
除了将氢供给到排气净化催化剂转换器中之外,与实施例1同样地运转引擎时的排气中的氮氧化物浓度的变化,作为试验2-1~2-4和比较2-1~2-4示于表2中。
而且,试验2-1、2-2、2-4以及比较2-1~2-4中,在汽油供给量:3.1L/h的条件下运转,
试验2-3以及比较2-3中,在汽油供给量:4.2L/h的条件下运转。此外,以上情况都在加速器的打开程度为30%的条件下运转引擎。
[表2]
工业实用性
本发明利用内燃机的排气系统的废热,使用具有形成有催化剂反应层的面和形成有氧化催化剂层的面的脱氢反应器进行氢供给体的脱氢反应,因此,可以实现排气系统废热的有效利用,可以有效地产生氢。此外,与内燃机的燃料并用时,由于可以以高空燃比稳定地燃烧,可以提高燃料消耗量的同时,可以抑制二氧化碳的产生。进一步地,向排气催化剂转换器供给氢时,可以在空燃比大的状态下,降低产生量增加的氮氧化物的产生量。
Claims (10)
1.内燃机用氢供给装置,其特征在于,该内燃机以氢供给体和烃类燃料中的至少任意一方作为燃料源,该内燃机用氢供给装置具有由氢供给体生成氢的脱氢反应器,脱氢反应器在一面具有负载有脱氢催化剂的氢产生部,在另一面具有让来自内燃机的排气通过、并且负载有将由氢供给体生成的脱氢产物氧化而放热的氧化催化剂的氧化反应部,该内燃机用氢供给装置还具有将产生的氢与脱氢产物分离的氢分离设备、储存分离的氢的储存设备和储存脱氢产物的设备、以及将产生的氢添加供给到燃料源的设备。
2.如权利要求1所述的内燃机用氢供给装置,其特征在于,脱氢反应器的脱氢催化剂和氧化催化剂负载在多孔质氧化铝层的表面上,该多孔质氧化铝层是使层压在基材金属上的铝层变成耐酸铝后形成的。
3.如权利要求2所述的内燃机用氢供给装置,其特征在于,具有通过对基材金属本身进行通电加热来对脱氢催化剂进行加热的通电加热设备。
4.如权利要求1~3中任意一项所述的内燃机用氢供给装置,其特征在于,脱氢反应器中设置有温度传感器、氢供给体喷射用喷嘴,并且设置有用于加热脱氢反应部的脱氢产物供给喷嘴和空气供给管。
5.如权利要求1~3中任意一项所述的内燃机用氢供给装置,其特征在于,与脱氢反应器连接的排气管设置有将排气管分支的分支部,分支部设置有根据氢产生设备的温度来调整流量的排气流量调整阀。
6.如权利要求1~3中任意一项所述的内燃机用氢供给装置,其特征在于,设置有将产生的氢供给到排气净化催化剂转换器的氢供给设备。
7.内燃机的运转方法,其特征在于,该内燃机以氢供给体和烃类燃料作为燃料源,具有由氢供给体生成氢的脱氢反应器,脱氢反应器在一面具有负载有脱氢催化剂的氢产生部,在另一面具有让来自内燃机的排气通过、并且负载有将由氢供给体生成的脱氢产物氧化而放热的氧化催化剂的氧化反应部,该内燃机还具有将产生的氢与脱氢产物分离的氢分离设备、储存分离的氢的储存设备和储存脱氢产物的设备、以及将产生的氢添加供给到燃料源的设备,在所述内燃机的运转方法中,通过浓度传感器对从内燃机的排气管释放到大气中的二氧化碳浓度的量进行测定,对氢与烃燃料的混合比率进行控制以使二氧化碳的测定值达到规定值以下。
8.如权利要求7所述的内燃机的运转方法,其特征在于,通过对构成脱氢反应器的部件进行通电加热来对脱氢催化剂进行加热。
9.如权利要求7或8中任意一项所述的内燃机的运转方法,其特征在于,在脱氢反应器的脱氢反应部的温度为规定以下时,通过由脱氢产物供给喷嘴供给的脱氢产物和由空气供给管供给的空气使脱氢产物燃烧,将脱氢反应部加热至规定温度后,从氢供给体喷射用喷嘴喷射氢供给体进行脱氢反应。
10.如权利要求7或8中任意一项所述的内燃机的运转方法,其特征在于,将由氢供给体产生的氢的一部分供给到排气净化催化剂转换器,对排出的氮氧化物的浓度进行调整。
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| CN113548643B (zh) * | 2021-07-16 | 2024-03-01 | 陕西氢易能源科技有限公司 | 一种集成高温热泵的有机液体供氢系统 |
| US12129807B2 (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2024-10-29 | Caterpillar Inc. | Dual fuel engine operating strategy for optimized hydrogen and hydrocarbon fueling |
| CN115489294B (zh) * | 2022-09-13 | 2025-09-26 | 西安交通大学 | 一种基于液态有机氢载体储氢技术的车载混合动力系统 |
| WO2025183110A1 (ja) * | 2024-02-29 | 2025-09-04 | 国立大学法人静岡大学 | 気固触媒反応により化合物を製造する方法、及び反応装置 |
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- 2008-07-04 GB GB1014737.9A patent/GB2469977B/en active Active
- 2008-07-04 JP JP2009553329A patent/JP5159800B2/ja active Active
- 2008-07-04 WO PCT/JP2008/062196 patent/WO2009101715A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2008-07-04 US US12/867,678 patent/US20110036310A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| CN1871425A (zh) * | 2003-10-21 | 2006-11-29 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 氢利用内燃机 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2469977A (en) | 2010-11-03 |
| WO2009101715A1 (ja) | 2009-08-20 |
| GB201014737D0 (en) | 2010-10-20 |
| JP5159800B2 (ja) | 2013-03-13 |
| US20110036310A1 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
| CN102007286A (zh) | 2011-04-06 |
| JPWO2009101715A1 (ja) | 2011-06-02 |
| GB2469977B (en) | 2012-05-23 |
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