CN102005618A

CN102005618A - Normal-temperature sodium/sulfur storage battery

Info

Publication number: CN102005618A
Application number: CN2010105412391A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘维奇
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2010-11-12
Filing date: 2010-11-12
Publication date: 2011-04-06

Abstract

The invention provides a normal-temperature sodium/sulfur storage battery capable of working at normal temperature, which is composed of a housing, alumina oxide ceramics, a cathode, an anode, a seal structure and the like. The invention is characterized in that the anode substance is made from alkali metal alloy (liquid state at normal temperature) composed of at least two alkali metals, and liquid ammonia or/and kerosene or/and paraffin, wherein the alkali metals refer to lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium, and the total content of sodium and potassium is greater than or equal to 90 wt%. The cathode substance is a solution, suspensoid or paste liquid composed of sulfur and carbon bisulfide, and the content of sulfur is greater than or equal to 10 wt% and smaller than or equal to 90 wt%. The alkali metal alloy mainly refers potassium-sodium alloy, wherein the recommended proportion is as follows: 76 wt% of potassium and 24 wt% of sodium, and the melting point of the alkali metal alloy is -12.6 DEG C; and 56 wt% of potassium and 44 wt% of sodium, and the melting point of the alkali metal alloy is -11 DEG C.

Description

The normal temperature sodium sulfur storage battery

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of heating that do not need, normal temperature sodium sulfur storage battery that at normal temperatures can on-line operation specifically, is a kind of sodium sulphur high-energy battery that is used in power plant or the electric motor car as power supply.

Background technology

Sodium-sulphur battery is the new device that chemical energy is converted into electric energy, is negative pole with the sodium metal, and sulphur is anodal, the hold concurrently secondary cell of electrolyte and barrier film of aluminium oxide ceramics.The characteristics of this battery maximum are: the specific energy height is 3～4 times of lead-acid battery; Electric current, high power discharge greatly; Efficiency for charge-discharge is almost up to 100%.

It can be used in the power plant, unnecessary electrical power storage is got up during less than energy output in need for electricity, and in needs electric energy supplement when supplying with, the mode by peak load shifting solves the power shortage phenomenon that becomes increasingly conspicuous, and can save existing power generation energy resource and be close to 50%.

Because the output of the electric power of regenerative resource changes and fluctuation along with the intensity of resources such as wind, illumination is synchronous, therefore can't need through exporting with the power grid security butt joint after stable directly to electrical network output or to user's sale.Characteristics such as the long-life of sodium-sulphur battery and quick charge make it become and the supporting a kind of optimal energy-storage batteries of generation mode such as wind energy, can fundamentally solve wind and solar energy output power problem of unstable; Be the important auxiliary products that the wind energy industry is promoted.

Can replace existing lithium ion battery and lead-acid battery in fields such as submarine, warships, have great significance for national defence.It also is one of candidate's power supply of electric automobile.

Summary of the invention

Sodium-sulphur battery uses reserves abundance on the earth to be former potassium, sodium, sulphur etc. as main raw material(s), and the content of sodium sodium in the earth's crust is 2.83%, occupies the 6th.The content of potassium in the earth's crust is 2.59%, accounts for the 7th.In seawater, except chlorine, sodium, magnesium, sulphur, calcium, the content of potassium accounts for the 6th.Sulphur is requisite element in a kind of important animal (comprising the mankind) health, and it is the part of several amino acids, and the content of sulphur in the earth's crust is 0.048%.The raw material reserves are big so sodium-sulphur battery has, energy and power density is big, efficiency for charge-discharge is high, be not subjected to place of production restriction, characteristics such as easy to maintenance.A kind of like this utmost point has the project of development potentiality to be not expected in present development prospect, because it has a critical defect, promptly must under 300-350 ℃ high temperature, allow sodium metal and sulphur become molten condition ability operate as normal, its plurality of advantages can not normally be brought into play, the so-called baseless gossip that more becomes easy to maintenance, the heater that adds 300-350 ℃ of constant temperature in storage battery not only structure becomes very complicated, and the unfailing performance of battery structure is reduced, and working life shortens.In case the heater long period stops heating, the electrode substance in the sodium-sulphur battery has become solid-state, and sodium-sulphur battery is resumed work just very difficult again.

The invention provides a kind of normal temperature sodium sulfur storage battery that at normal temperatures just can on-line operation, need a series of problems that heater was brought of 300-350 ℃ of constant temperature to overcome sodium-sulphur battery.

The present invention is achieved in that

A kind of normal temperature sodium sulfur storage battery that can work at normal temperatures is made up of outer cover, aluminium oxide ceramics, positive pole, negative pole, hermetically-sealed construction, it is characterized in that:

Negative material by being not less than the alloy that two kinds of alkali metal form (normal temperature is down for liquid), liquefied ammonia or/and kerosene or/and paraffin form, so-called alkali metal is meant lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, these six kinds of alkali metal of francium, wherein, sodium, potassium (total amount) 〉=90%(quality).

Positive electrode material is formed solution, suspension-turbid liquid or pasty state by sulphur and carbon disulfide, wherein, and 10%≤sulphur≤90%(quality);

The present invention will be further described by the following examples:

Figure of description 1 is the structure chart of the embodiment of the invention 1.

Description of drawings: Fig. 1 is that Figure of description 1 is the structure chart of the embodiment of the invention 1.

Wherein:

1---outer cover, it has favorable conductive ability and impact resistance ability;

2---negative material, by being not less than the alloy that two kinds of alkali metal form (normal temperature is down for liquid), liquefied ammonia or/and kerosene or/and

Paraffin is formed, and so-called alkali metal is meant lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, these six kinds of alkali metal of francium, wherein, and sodium, potassium (total amount) 〉=90%(quality).

3---the aluminium oxide ceramics container, it is between positive electrode material and the negative material, does the usefulness of ion-exchange, has the effect of the barrier film and the electrolyte of sodium-sulphur battery concurrently.

4---the plastics baffler, closely be connected (or bonding) with aluminium oxide ceramics with outer cover, prevent to flow out to when positive electrode material from pouring into negative pole and play vigorous reaction with alkali metal.Be provided with entrance hole, can pour paraffin into and isolate alkali metal and air and anode material.

5---the negative pole exit.Be the part of outer cover, on aperture is arranged, can the bolt connection, mode such as welding, crimping is connected to external circuit.

6---anodal exit.On aperture is arranged, can the bolt connection, mode such as welding, crimping is connected to external circuit.

7---positive pole, the good conductor of electricity, the below is immersed in the positive electrode material, and the top is provided with a part of forming top seal with the supporting deep bid of plastics baffler size, prevents that positive pole from forming the slit under external force.

8---positive electrode material, form solution, suspension-turbid liquid or pasty state by sulphur and carbon disulfide, wherein, 10%≤sulphur≤90%(quality);

9---the cast sealing.Form pouring into a mould after the sealing substance liquefaction to solidify on it.

Alkali metal runs into air and reaction of moisture fierceness, snap, have again light to produce and allow the people fear, the high temperature that produces in the course of reaction can directly hurt the people, and our human body is a hydrated body, major part is exactly to be made up of water, can not directly contact with them; It can not produce a large amount of gas moment and explode and be as far apart as heaven and earth in this course of reaction, and this infringement that it is described is limited.Even be abandoned in the air, they can promptly incorporate the part for the Nature, can not cause long-term injury to environment.As long as we separate they and empty G﹠W carefully, the outer cover of sufficient intensity, rational seal isolation structure, as long as allow not " seeing " their empty G﹠Ws of fearing of alkali metal, do not contact simultaneously with positive electrode material, just can allow them become our good friend, good assistant, for we mankind make huge contribution.

Sodium, potassium be that alkali metal of the same clan and character are close, skin has only an electronics, their lattice voids is bigger, produced the phenomenon that interpenetrates, the fusing point of alloy is all lower than the sodium metal and the metallic potassium that constitute it, and to record its fusing point minimum in experiment in the sodium-potassium eutectic of following two kinds of proportionings:

The fusing point of 76% potassium and 24% sodium (quality) is-12.6 ℃;

56% potassium, the fusing point of 44% sodium are-11 ℃.

So the alloy sodium-potassium eutectic of being made up of potassium and sodium just can solve negative material liquefaction problem at normal temperatures well, itself is exactly a liquid, and not needing heats again makes its fusion liquefaction.The specific activity sodium height of Na-K alloy, this means that also it is more suitable for doing the negative material of sodium sulfur storage battery, can make the electric property of sodium sulfur storage battery better.But its danger coefficient is similar with butyl lithium, needs appropriate exercise due diligence in storage and the use.

Positive electrode material is by sulphur and carbon disulfide solution composition solution, suspension-turbid liquid or pasty mass, wherein, and 10%≤sulphur≤90%(quality);

Carbon disulfide is toxic to tissue, also will carry out isolation processing to it.

The mixed liquid of sodium-potassium eutectic and sulphur can exchange in the residing position of sodium-sulphur battery, both can be putting into the aluminium oxide ceramics container as the sulphur of positive pole, also can be putting into the aluminium oxide ceramics container as the sodium-potassium eutectic of negative pole, but can produce strong chemical reaction between them, can not be admixed together.

Claims

1. the normal temperature sodium sulfur storage battery that can work at normal temperatures is made up of outer cover, aluminium oxide ceramics, positive pole, negative pole, hermetically-sealed construction etc., it is characterized in that:

The alkali metal alloy that negative material is made up of 〉=two kinds of alkali metal (normal temperature down for liquid), liquefied ammonia or/and kerosene or/and paraffin form, so-called alkali metal is meant lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, these six kinds of alkali metal of francium, wherein, sodium, potassium (total amount) 〉=90%(quality).

2. normal temperature sodium sulfur storage battery as claimed in claim 1, described positive electrode material is formed solution, suspension-turbid liquid or pasty state by sulphur and carbon disulfide, wherein, 10%≤sulphur≤95%(quality).

3. normal temperature sodium sulfur storage battery as claimed in claim 2, the sodium-potassium eutectic that described alkali metal alloy is made up of potassium and sodium, wherein, 10%≤sodium≤90%(quality).

4. normal temperature sodium sulfur storage battery as claimed in claim 3, described sodium-potassium eutectic is made up of 76% potassium and 24% sodium (quality).

5. normal temperature sodium sulfur storage battery as claimed in claim 3, described sodium-potassium eutectic are by 56% potassium, and 44% sodium (quality) is formed.