CN1019880C - Method and device for fully automatic quantitative loading - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and apparatus for loading car quantitatively in full-automatic mode includes such steps as monitoring and recognizing whether the instantaneously passed car is the one needing loading, quantitatively feeding and loading it by belt weigher system controlled by computer, and continuously regulating the loading speed to make it at the required speed.

Description

Fully automatic rated loading method and apparatus

The present invention relates to a kind of method and device thereof of fully automatic rated loading, be particularly useful for resembling the dispersed material of these classes such as coal, sand, ore for the open-top car compartment shipment in railway, mine.

The loading siding of prior art all is the S. A. loading siding, does not also have the full automaticity loading system so far.US Patent the 4th, 284,380 disclose a kind of method and device of automatic loading, this method is the weight that weighs up every joint compartment earlier with track scale, when the compartment passes through discharging opening, gives the charging of every joint compartment, when filling with substance weighs up the weight of material with belt conveyer scale, when the weight of material equals predetermined weight, stop charging, and then load a joint compartment.

The U.S. 4,659,274 patent disclosures another kind of entrucking method and the device thereof that computerizeds control, this method is the weight that weighs up this compartment before charging with track scale, in the process of charging, still weigh the weight in the compartment that goods is housed with track scale, both differences are the weight of the material of adorning, the weight that in the process that train is advanced, compares the front-end and back-end, compartment, thereby regulate the position of discharging opening, on the length direction in compartment and Width, two electro-optical tubess are arranged, be used for measuring the height of the material of adorning, when material installs to certain altitude, stop charging, refill then and save the compartment.

The U.S. 4,317,496 patents also disclose a kind of method and device thereof of automatic weighing, and this method is to monitor a joint compartment whether just in time on track scale with electro-optical tubes, thereby determines the weight of the material of adorning.

All there are some problems in these loading systems, must there be the people to command entrucking at the scene, when begin charging, when stop charging, all need the people to command, otherwise, need the charging of stopping, or will be unrestrained in orbit material, so these loading systems all are semi-automatic, particularly when the compartment that needs loading be not when arranging continuously, more need the people and command at the scene.Therefore all to exist loading speed slow for these loading systems, characteristics such as complex operation.

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of fully automatic rated loading, this method not only can realize the full automaticity entrucking, but also can automatically give the compartment entrucking that needs charging as required.

Another object of the present invention provides a kind of device of fully automatic rated loading, and this device not only can be realized the full automaticity entrucking, but also can guarantee that material just in time is contained in the compartment, can not trickle down on the track.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 represents the installation site of one group of monitor.

Fig. 2 represents the wheel of train.

That Fig. 3 represents is the signal impulse figure that the signal receiver among Fig. 1 receives.

What Fig. 4 represented is a kind of arrangement mode of monitor.

That Fig. 5 represents is the another kind of embodiment of monitor.

What Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 represented is the arrangement mode of the monitor of Fig. 5.

What Fig. 8 represented is a row lorry.

That Fig. 9 represents is the signal impulse figure that the signal receiver among Fig. 5 receives.

What Figure 10 represented is the position that monitor shown in Figure 1 is installed.

What Figure 11 represented is the position that monitor shown in Figure 5 is installed.

What Figure 12 represented is the sketch of apparatus of the present invention.

Figure 13 is the flow chart of the application's method.

[1] [3] [5] [7] are signal generator, [2] [4] [6] [8] are signal receiver, [9] be monitor, [10] are belt transporter, and [11] are discharging opening, [12] be belt conveyer scale, [13] be feed opening, [14] are the feed opening baffle plate, and [15] are computing machine, [16] be the feed opening baffle controling unit, [17] are the belt transporter control unit.

The application's fully automatic rated loading method is whether at first adopt monitoring system monitoring and discern the instantaneous railway carriage that passes through be the railway carriage that needs entrucking, if, then by computer-controlled belt conveyer scale systematic quantification feeding entrucking, constantly adjust the speed of charging in the entrucking process, loading speed is remained on the loading speed of (weight of material of required dress/required spended time), as much as possible in the time that requires, adorned the material of predetermined weight, adorned after the joint railway carriage, computing machine stops blanking automatically by the instruction control feed opening, and provide the actual weight of load of this railway carriage, and then adorn next railway carriage.

Concrete grammar may further comprise the steps:

1. setup parameter

Before entrucking, when train does not enter the entrucking scene as yet, name of material by phone or interphone or the required loading of other communication tool notifying operation personnel, the compartment sequence number of required loading, the deadweight in compartment model and this compartment and load carrying ability, if the compartment in this lorry and the boxcar of standard specification are different, also answer the wheel logarithm of concrete load carrying ability, car length and the wheel in those different compartments of notifying operation personnel, these parameters are all on the books on the type plate in every joint compartment, so these parameters are easy to obtain.Operating personal is input to these parameters in the computing machine.

Railway carriage for certain load carrying ability and model, there is a series of standard in the Ministry of Railways, the parameter that manufactures and designs that the car body various piece is arranged in this standard, interior spacing, cartridge centre distance, wheel logarithm, car length, load carrying ability and the height of wagon of the wheel footpath of the lorry of certain model, wheel, locomotive these parameters such as logarithm of taking turns are carried in advance and are stored in the computing machine as data bank, so that in servicely search and use.

2. monitoring and judge that whether the instantaneous railway carriage that passes through is the railway carriage that needs loading, has two kinds of schemes:

First kind of scheme is the wheel in monitoring compartment: as shown in Figure 1, side at an one steel rail, a signal generator is arranged, this signal generator sends a signal to the opposite side of rail, this signal can be laser signal, infrared signal, ultrasonic signal or ray signal, opposite side at rail has a cooresponding with it signal receiver, is used for signal that the received signal producer sends and convert electric signal to, signal generator and the signal receiver monitor that partners.This signal receiver links to each other with computing machine, as shown in figure 12.Generally, when not having train to pass through, signal receiver can both receive the signal of automatic signal generator all the time, when train passes through, because the stopping of wheel, signal receiver does not receive the signal of automatic signal generator in can be at certain time intervals, again because this time gap is clocklike, therefore grasped this rule and can judge not only whether this railway carriage is the railway carriage that needs loading, which joint compartment can also add up this compartment is.

When a row train passes through, the headstock of train passes through monitor at first, whenever by a wheel, monitor will be given signal of computing machine, counting machine in the computing machine is used for the statistical signal number, these number of signals are exactly the wheel logarithm of wheel, and when the wheel logarithm of computer statistics equated also to conform in time with the actual wheel logarithm of headstock, computing machine can demonstrate headstock and pass through monitor.

When the compartment began by monitor, as shown in Figure 2, the A of wheel point was t by the moment of monitor _A, wheel B point is t by the moment of monitor _B, that is to say that the signal that signal generator sends is t just being blocked the moment that is not received by signal receiver by wheel _A, after continuing for some time, the moment that signal receiver receives signal again is t _B, owing to all be identical for the size of its wheel of compartment of certain model, each wheel is in height H ₁The chord length AB at place equates that the speed of a motor vehicle that can obtain train thus is V ₁=L _AB/ (t _B-t _A), computing machine is with this vehicle velocity V ₁Compare with the specific speed of entrucking train given in advance, the running velocity of entrucking train is 8cm/s in the application's a embodiment, is generally 5～20cm/s, if this car vehicle velocity V ₁In the particular speed range of entrucking, then computing machine is according to V ₁Can identify this car is the car that needs loading, but this computer-chronograph can't send the instruction of blanking to feed opening, and the application adopts two block sytem control feed openings, and so-called two block sytems are controlled feed opening with two signals exactly at once.Train is with speed V ₁To overtake, because the interior spacing of wheel is certain (can find from Ministry of Railways's standard), therefore can calculate apart from rail surface H ₁Locate the distance L of two wheels in one group of tight pulley ₁, t so _O=t _B+ L ₁/ V ₁Constantly, the C point that next wheel should be arranged that is to say t by monitor _OConstantly, signal receiver has not just received the signal that signal generator sends again, if the t that records _O' the t that calculates with computing machine _OConform to, illustrate that then this railway carriage is the railway carriage that needs loading, computing machine obtains t _OCan judge behind ' the signal, work as V ₁With t _O' when satisfying condition simultaneously, computing machine just can send the instruction of blanking to feed opening, and the signal impulse figure that signal receiver obtains is as shown in Figure 3.

The purpose that adopts two block sytems is in order to get rid of the situation that some are sheerly, to guarantee the correctness of computer-made decision, avoiding the mistake entrucking.

For the fault that guarantees monitor does not influence normally carrying out of entrucking, two groups of monitors can be set, two groups of monitors are arranged like this, as shown in Figure 4, make each side of rail that a signal generator and a signal receiver all be arranged, and signal generator is corresponding with signal receiver, and [1] and [3] is signal generator among Fig. 1 and 4, and [2] and [4] are signal receivers.

Second kind of scheme is the compartment of monitoring train.

See Fig. 5-7, in a side of rail, at distance ground H ₃The place is provided with a signal generator, on the same height of the opposite side of rail a signal receiver is arranged, and this is external apart from ground H ₄The place also is provided with a signal generator and signal receiver respectively in the both sides of rail, and identical in the arrangement mode of these two groups of monitors and the first kind of scheme promptly makes the existing signal generator of each side of rail equally, a signal receiver also arranged, H ₃Be lower than the minimum constructive height of cab wall upper edge, H ₄The maximum height that is higher than the floor compartment face, and H ₃≠ H ₄, its arrangement mode is seen Fig. 5-7.

When train when the monitor since the compartment stop that signal receiver does not receive the signal of automatic signal generator, signal whenever be blocked once just explanation have a compartment to pass through, see Fig. 8.When the termination in compartment E when the signal monitor because signal kept off, so signal receiver do not receive signal, this is t constantly _E, after the tail end F that always lasts till the compartment passed through, signal receiver could receive signal again, and this is t constantly _F, because the car length of certain tonnage and model is certain, so car length L _EFBe known, obtain the vehicle velocity V of train thus ^' ₁=L _EF/ (t _F-t _E) computing machine is this vehicle velocity V ₁' compare with the specific speed of entrucking train given in advance, if this vehicle velocity V ₁' in the particular speed range of entrucking train, then computing machine is according to V ₁It is the car that needs loading that ' horse back can identify this car.Equally, this computer-chronograph can't send the instruction of blanking to feed opening, also needs another signal, and the top I in next joint compartment is t by the moment of monitor ₁, because the spacing L in compartment _IFBe (can from Ministry of Railways's manual of standards, find) of standard, so t _I=t _F+ (L _IF/ V ₁').Should be at t _ISignal receiver does not receive signal again after time, if the t that records _I' conform to the tI that calculates, illustrate that then this car is the car that needs loading.Equally, think simultaneously when computing machine and work as V ₁' and t _I' when satisfying condition, just can send the blanking instruction to feed opening.The signal impulse figure that signal receiver receives as shown in Figure 9.

Because signal receiver might be blocked by the obstacle that is not the compartment in when work, so be provided with two groups of monitors, two signals all are actvies, and in general the signal that receives of two signal receivers should be consistent.

2. the belt conveyer scale that computerizeds control charging

The entrucking process is to finish under the control of computing machine, and the materials flow control belt speed that computing machine records according to belt conveyer scale, the unlatching size of feed opening realize adjusting and control to materials flow, thereby adorned the goods of specified quantity in specific time.Above-mentioned belt conveyer scale can be an electronic scales, also can be uclear scale.

Method of the present invention can make the car arrival arrive.The given constant belt speed V of elder generation _p, in one embodiment of the invention, belt speed V _p=1.25m/s is generally 1.0～2.5m/s, and the length of belt is L _p, in one embodiment of the present of invention, strap length is L _p=17m generally is not more than 50m, and belt width is W _p, W in one embodiment of the present of invention _p=1.2m is generally 0.6～2.0m, and the time that material goes out charging door is t _p=L _p/ V.

For the situation of monitoring wheel, the locating point of monitor should be selected in apart from discharging opening front end (current of traffic relatively) and be t _pV ₁+ L _M1-0.3(m) locate L wherein _M1Be the ultimate range (can find from Ministry of Railways's manual of standards) that the compartment front end is ordered apart from the C of second wheel of first group of fixing vehicle wheel, 0.3m is the safety distance of charging, as shown in figure 10.

For the situation in monitoring compartment, the locating point of monitor should be selected in apart from discharging opening front end (current of traffic relatively) and be t _pV ₁+ L _M2-0.3(m), L _M2Be that first segment compartment front end is the distance (can find in Ministry of Railways's manual of standards) of end apart from the second joint compartment, 0.3m is the safety distance of charging, as shown in figure 11.

As shown in figure 12, do not drop to the compartment junction for guaranteeing the material of being adorned, the rear end in compartment should be left 0.3 meter safety distance too, this shows entrucking total time t _Always=(L _Car-0.3-0.3)/V ₁, L wherein _CarBe the length in compartment, that is to say that the time gap of opening feed opening and closing feed opening should be greater than t _AlwaysSo computer-controlled belt conveyer scale materials flow speed is W _Always/ t _Always, W _AlwaysBe the gross deadweight in a compartment, because actual loading speed can not just in time be W _Always/ t _Always, might be bigger than normal or less than normal (especially open material after in a flash), therefore just need to regulate loading speed, to guarantee at t _AlwaysFinish entrucking in time, establishing and opening the feed opening t loading of freight waggon constantly is W _Dress, the inventory that weighs up is W _Claim, W then _Claim=W _Dress+ △ W ₁, △ W ₁Be the weight of discharging opening material to this segment distance of belt conveyer scale, t also has W constantly so _Always-W _Claim-△ W ₂Material need come out △ W from feed opening ₂Be the weight of material of belt conveyer scale to this segment distance belt of feed opening, then t loading speed constantly should be (W _Always-W _Claim-△ W ₂)/(t _Always-t).△ W ₁With △ W ₂Can on-the-spotly by experiment obtain.

In order to guarantee that the belt conveyer scale subsystem is with (W _Always-W _Claim-△ W ₂)/(t _Always-t) speed entrucking, the size that will regulate belt speed and feed opening is in case of necessity opened after certain material mouth size in principle, regulates belt speed and controls loading speed, also will regulate the size of feed opening sometimes, also can join together to regulate.

Belt speed realizes that by adjusting rotating speed of motor the size of feed opening realizes by the position of adjusting the feed opening baffle plate.

Sometimes, because accidental cause (as under feeding, the material mouth is not smooth etc.) causes that charging speed is not enough, if feed opening reaches maximum position, belt speed is adjusted to maximum, and charging speed is still not enough, can't be at t _AlwaysFinish the specified loading of freight waggon in time, answer this compartment charge amount deficiency of alert notice operating personal, and open back t at feed opening _AlwaysConstantly, send the instruction that stops blanking to feed opening, feed opening is closed, guarantee that material can not trickle down on railway by control unit by computing machine.So far, the charging process the joint railway carriage is through with.

Because the gait of march V of loading truck ₁(or V ₁') not necessarily coincide with the specific speed that is provided with fully, so the installation site of monitor train working direction backward delay △ L distance relatively, so that the assurance car is to expecting.Can be divided by by the train speed of advance of distance △ L and actual measurement calculates delay time, in conjunction with Lm ₁Or Lm ₂Difference calculate the time of the delay of this entrucking compartment reality being opened feed opening by computing machine.

3. write down the compartment number

When monitor monitors be wheel the time, two counting machines will be set in the computing machine, first counting machine is used for calculating pulse count, and resulting pulse count is exactly the wheel logarithm that passes through, in general, the wheel logarithm of boxcar is 4, full 4 pulses of the every meter of first counting machine, just explanation has a joint compartment to pass through, and second counting machine just remembered a number, it is used for calculating the compartment number, and it is just clearly once zero that first counting machine will be write 4 numbers all over.When wheel conformed to train headstock situation by situation, two counting machine zero clearings simultaneously were until conforming to the compartment situation.

When the compartment of needs chargings is not when arranging continuously, can computerized control according to the number of second counting machine and realize charging targetedly.

The invention also proposes a kind of device of fully automatic rated loading, this device mainly comprises the device in monitoring and identification compartment, belt conveyer scale metering and control setup, this device is by the monitoring car position, identification entrucking compartment, control charging speed has realized fully automatic rated loading.

As shown in figs. 1 and 4, in one embodiment of the invention, in the outside of an one steel rail, at high mountain rail level H ₁A signal generator [1] and a signal receiver [4] have been installed by the place, and a signal receiver [2] and signal generator [3] have been installed by its inboard same highly place, and a signal generator and a signal receiver are formed a monitor, H ₁Be less than the radius of wheel, and the low 30mm of the extreme lower position at outstanding position at the bottom of making the monitor end face than the compartment, signal receiver links to each other with computing machine, and the installation site of monitor is t apart from discharging opening front end (current of traffic relatively) _pV ₁+ L _M1-0.3(rice), t in an embodiment of the present invention _p=L _p/ V _p, L _pBe 17m, V _pBe 1.25m/s, for standard open freight car L _M1Can find the data computation that needs by the manual of standards of the Ministry of Railways and go out L _M1=3.25m, V ₁Be 8cm/s, can draw thus that monitor is installed in 4.03 meters of discharging opening front end in the embodiments of the invention.

In another embodiment of the present invention, in a side of rail, at H above ground level ₄A signal generator (5), H above ground level install in the place ₃A signal receiver (8) has been installed at the place, at the opposite side of rail, at H above ground level ₄A signal receiver (6) has been installed corresponding to the place of signal generator (5), at H above ground level by the place ₃The place, a signal generator (7) has been installed in the place of respective signal receptor (8), and the arrangement mode of these two groups of monitors both can in-line, also in-line not.Shown in Fig. 6 and 7.The installation site of signal generator and signal receiver should be t apart from the distance of discharging opening front end (relative train working direction) _pV ₁+ Lm ₂-0.3(m) place, Lm in the application's embodiment ₂For 14.44m(finds from the manual of standards of the Ministry of Railways), therefore can draw that monitor is installed in discharging opening front end 14.54m place in the embodiments of the invention.

Above-mentioned signal generator can be laser signal generator, infrared signal producer, supersonic signal generator or ray signal producer, and cooresponding signal receiver should be laser signal receptor, infrared signal receiver, ultrasonic signal receptor or ray signal receptor.

The belt conveyer scale metering is made up of belt transporter (10), discharging opening (11), belt conveyer scale (12), feed opening (13), feed opening baffle plate (14), computing machine (15), control unit (16), (17) with control system, as shown in figure 12.

Belt conveyer scale (12) can be an electronic scales, also can be uclear scale, and the feed opening baffle plate can be compressed-air controlled, also can be for hydraulic pressure or electrically operated.Control unit (16) is the unlatching size of control feed opening, and it can be the no touch relay group, and control unit (17) is the speed-regulating motor controller of control belt speed, and the motor of belt transporter (10) should be a buncher.

Adopt the application's method and apparatus can realize fully automatic rated loading, improve loading speed greatly, realized the full-automation in the railway entrucking transportation.Adopting precision is behind 5 ‰ the belt conveyer scale, need not use track scale just can weight meter measure the weight of the thing of freight, and the replacement track scale can be saved substantial contribution, raises labour productivity, and the acceleration goods has enough to meet the need.

Claims (23)

1. An automatic loading method for railway and mine carriages. The loaded materials are dispersed materials such as coal and sand. The method includes loading each carriage when the carriage passes through the discharge port. Material, the material is transported to the material port through the belt conveyor, and the weight of the material is weighed with a belt scale. When the weight is equal to the pre-determined weight, stop loading the compartment, which is characterized in that it monitors and identifies whether the compartment that passes through instantaneously is a compartment that needs to be loaded, adjusts the speed of the belt conveyor and the opening size of the discharge port, and makes the belt scale in the During the loading process, the loading speed is the ratio of the weight of the material to be loaded to the time required to load the vehicle. 2. The automatic loading method according to claim 1, characterized in that laser signals are used to monitor wheels or compartments. 3. The automatic loading method as claimed in claim 1; characterized in that ultrasonic signals are used to monitor wheels or compartments. 4. The automatic loading method according to claim 1, characterized in that infrared signals are used to monitor the wheels or the compartment. 5. The automatic loading method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the wheels or the compartment are monitored by radiographic signals. 6. The automatic loading method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that whether the monitored train speed is within the specified loading speed range is used to judge whether it is the vehicle to be loaded. 7. The automatic loading method according to claim 1, characterized in that the serial number of the car is determined by monitoring the number of wheel pairs or the number of cars of the train. 8. The automatic loading method according to claim 1, characterized in that by monitoring the serial number of the car, it is determined whether it is a car that needs to be loaded. 9. The automatic loading method according to claim 1, characterized in that the loading speed of the belt scale is (W _total - W _scale - ΔW ₂ )/(t _total - t) during the loading process, where W _{The total} is the total load capacity of a car, W _is the material weight weighed by the belt scale instantaneously, △W ₂ is the material weight on the belt at the distance from the belt scale to the discharge port, and t is the weight of a car from the beginning. The time from loading to the moment t, t _always is the loading time of a car, t _always = (L _car -Wp-0.6m)/V ₁ , where L _car is the length of a car, V ₁ is the length of the train Traveling speed, 0.6 meters is the safe distance between the front end of the carriage and the end, and Wp is the width of the belt. 10. An automatic loading device for loading railway and mine carriages. The device includes a discharge port [11], a belt conveyor [10], a discharge port [13], a computer [15], and a belt scale [ 12], which is characterized in that the device also includes one or two groups of monitors [9] for monitoring wheels or compartments, and the monitors are connected with a computer [15] to identify and judge whether the vehicle or the compartment is required. A system of loaded wagons or carriages. 11. The automatic loading device according to claim 10, characterized in that said monitor consists of a signal generator and a signal receiver. 12. The automatic loading device according to claim 11, characterized in that said signal generator and signal receiver are laser signal generators and receivers. 13. The automatic loading device according to claim 11, characterized in that said signal generator and signal receiver are infrared signal generators and receivers. 14. The automatic loading device according to claim 11, characterized in that said signal generator and signal receiver are ultrasonic signal generators and receivers. 15. The automatic loading device according to claim 11, characterized in that said signal generator and signal receiver are radiation signal generators and receivers. 16. The automatic loading device according to claim 11, characterized in that the signal generator and the signal receiver are respectively located on the inner and outer sides of a single rail, and the signal generator is opposite to the signal receiver. 17. The automatic loading device according to claim 16, characterized in that the signal generator is installed at a distance of t _p V ₁ +Lm ₁ -0.3 meters from the front end of the discharge port, where t _p is the belt speed of the belt conveyor , V ₁ is the speed of the train, Lm ₁ is the maximum distance between the front end of the carriage and the point C of the first set of fixed wheels and the second wheel, and 0.3 meters is the safe distance for loading. 18. The automatic vehicle loading device according to claim 16, characterized in that the installation height of the monitor is smaller than the radius of the wheel. 19. The automatic loading device according to claim 10, characterized in that the signal generator and the signal receiver are respectively located on the left and right sides of the double steel rails, and the signal generator is opposite to the signal receiver. 20. The automatic loading device according to claim 19, characterized in that the above-mentioned signal generator and signal receiver are installed at t _p ·V ₁ +Lm ₂ -0.3 meters from the front end of the discharge port, where t _p is the belt The belt speed of the conveyor, V ₁ is the speed of the train, Lm ₂ is the maximum distance from the front end of the first car to the front end of the second car. 21. The automatic loading device according to claim 10, characterized in that the discharge port [13] has a baffle plate [14], and the control unit [16] is connected with the discharge port baffle plate [14]. 22. The automatic loading device according to claim 10, characterized in that the control unit [17] is connected with the belt conveyor [10]. 23. The automatic loading device according to claims 21 and 22, characterized in that the control units [16] and [17] are respectively connected with the computer.

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