CN101966685A - Device and method for finishing and processing surface of viscoelastic and magnetic abrasive tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for finishing and processing the surface of a viscoelastic and magnetic abrasive tool. The abrasive tool for the processing device has viscoelasticity and is in a semisolid state; the flexibility and fluidity of the abrasive tool per se can adapt to various surfaces and reach any part of the surface of a workpiece; the abrasive tool for the processing device simultaneously has magnetism, generates an acting force on the surface of the workpiece under the action of a magnetic field and forms complex motion relative to the surface of the workpiece through the rotary motion and reciprocating linear motion of the magnetic field; and under the actions of force and relative motion, the viscoelastic and magnetic abrasive tool generates micro grinding, rolling and electrochemical corrosion on the surface of the workpiece, reduces the surface roughness, improves the physical and mechanical performance, improves the surface quality and realizes deburring and finishing and processing of a complex surface. The device and the method can effectively solve the finishing and processing problems of irregular holes, curved surfaces, surfaces of grooves and the like, and have the advantages of simple device, high utilization rate of the abrasive tool, low processing cost, good processing effect, high efficiency and the like.

Description

Surface finishing device and method for a viscoelastic magnetic abrasive tool

technical field

The invention relates to a grinding tool surface finishing device and a processing method thereof, in particular, a viscoelastic magnetic grinding tool with viscoelasticity and magnetism, which is used for elongated holes, narrow grooves, blind holes, curved surfaces and other special-shaped surfaces. A surface finishing device and method thereof.

Background technique

An important development direction of modern manufacturing technology is precision and ultra-precision, micro- and ultra-fine processing technology. Surface finishing technology is a very important part of precision and ultra-precision processing technology, and it is also a key issue that is currently being researched and solved. The difficulties in surface finishing of special-shaped surfaces such as elongated holes, narrow grooves, blind holes, and curved surfaces in actual production, as well as the development of new composite materials, all pose new topics and challenges for surface finishing technology, and research and develop practical surface finishing. The technology will provide a more effective means for ultra-precision machining of composite materials, difficult-to-machine materials, and special-shaped surfaces.

In recent years, some devices and methods for finishing special-shaped surfaces have been proposed, mainly magnetic abrasive grain finishing, extrusion honing, liquid magnetic abrasive finishing and ultrasonic finishing devices and methods. The quality of magnetic abrasive finishing is good, but the magnetic field generating device is complex, and it is difficult for granular magnetic abrasives to concentrate on the processed area of complex surfaces. The utilization rate and reuse rate are low, and the cost of magnetic abrasives is high, which greatly limits its industry application. Squeeze honing is to process through constant friction transmitted to the surface of the workpiece by a certain pressure. Although the abrasive used is semi-solid and easy to adapt to the surface shape, the structure of the equipment and fixture is complicated, the cost of the abrasive is high, and the dead angle of the channel and the blind channel Inside, the fluid cannot flow, and the processing effect is poor. The liquid magnetic abrasive finishing process is to use the magnetic field to make the liquid magnetic abrasive undergo phase transformation to form a certain force, and realize the processing through relative motion. It is difficult to process complex surfaces, and the stability of the abrasive is poor and the process cost is high. The ultrasonic processing method used for finishing processing is to rely on the high-intensity vibration generated by the ultrasonic horn to directly excite the workpiece and the liquid-solid two-phase fluid that is forced to flow on the surface of the complex workpiece. , has great limitations on the comprehensive improvement of surface quality.

Therefore, there is an urgent need for a surface finishing process and a device thereof that can not only solve complex surfaces such as curved surfaces, special-shaped hole surfaces, and groove surfaces, but also have a simple process.

Contents of the invention

Based on the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a simple, practical, high-efficiency and high-quality surface finishing device and method thereof, which can make full use of the viscoelasticity, magnetism and fluidity characteristics of abrasive tools to solve the problem of elongated holes, Difficulties in finishing special-shaped surfaces such as narrow grooves, blind holes, and curved surfaces.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes an abrasive tool surface finishing device and method thereof, which is characterized in that the abrasive tool is semi-solid and has a certain viscoelasticity, and can adapt to different conditions due to its flexibility and fluidity. The surface of the workpiece and any part that reaches the surface of the workpiece; the viscoelastic abrasive has a certain degree of magnetism. Under the action of a magnetic field, the viscoelastic magnetic abrasive produces a certain force on the surface of the workpiece. Elastic magnetic abrasives form complex movements relative to the surface of the workpiece; under the action of force and relative motion, the viscoelastic magnetic abrasives produce micro-grinding, rolling, and electrochemical corrosion on the surface of the workpiece by sliding and scratching etc., so as to realize the finishing processing of the workpiece. In particular, the fluidity characteristics of viscoelastic abrasives can reach any position on the surface of the workpiece, which ensures the technical solution of finishing processing effects on complex surfaces such as curved surfaces, elongated holes, blind holes, and grooves.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a viscoelastic magnetic grinding tool surface finishing device, which is characterized in that the device comprises a viscoelastic magnetic grinding tool, a workpiece, a large pulley, a magnetic field generating device, a transition joint, a clamping device, a crank Slider mechanism, motor, workbench, mobile bracket, motor, small pulley, positioning sleeve. The magnetic field generating device is composed of a pair of tile-shaped permanent magnet poles and an agate, the permanent magnet poles are fixed on the agate, and the symmetrical midlines of the permanent magnet poles are arranged at 60° to 150°, and radial magnetization is adopted. After magnetization, the magnetic field near the processing surface is stronger; the viscoelastic magnetic abrasive is placed in the magnetic field generating device; the yoke and the large pulley are connected by a key, and the large pulley is axially fixed by a copper sleeve and a round nut. Through the motor and the small pulley, the large pulley and the yoke are driven to realize the rotational movement of the permanent magnet pole. In order to reduce wear and move flexibly, a copper sleeve is added; the motor drives the mobile bracket through the crank slider mechanism to realize the axial direction of the permanent magnet pole. Reciprocating linear motion; ensure that the axial reciprocating linear motion of the permanent magnet pole is always parallel to the axis of the workpiece through the guide groove on the worktable; realize the accurate positional relationship between the workpiece and the magnetic field generating device through the positioning sleeve and the clamping device; through The transition joint adapts to the processing of workpieces of different lengths and helps to improve the processing effect of the end of the workpiece.

The viscoelastic magnetic abrasive tool is semi-solid and has certain viscoelasticity and magnetism.

The workpiece to be processed passes through the magnetic field generating device and is fixed on the positioning sleeve.

The viscoelastic magnetic grinding tool is located inside the workpiece.

The viscoelastic magnetic grinding tool is located between the outer surface of the workpiece and the inner surface of the permanent magnet pole in the magnetic field generating device.

The permanent magnet pole material is NdFeB material.

The viscoelastic magnetic grinding tool has good fluidity and adaptability, and can reach any part of the workpiece, including dead corners and/or edges.

The present invention is a method for finishing workpieces with the above-mentioned viscoelastic magnetic grinding tool surface finishing device, which is characterized in that: the first step: through the clamping device, the workpiece passes through the magnetic field generating device and is fixed on the positioning sleeve Step 2: Put a certain amount of viscoelastic magnetic abrasive into the inside of the workpiece or between the outside of the workpiece and the inner surface of the permanent magnet pole in the magnetic field generating device. Under the action of the magnetic field, the viscoelastic magnetic abrasive and the workpiece The surface to be processed is in full contact and forms a certain force; the third step: turn on the power, adjust the frequency of the motor, the motor realizes the rotational movement of the permanent magnet pole through the belt drive, and the motor realizes the axial direction of the permanent magnet pole through the crank slider mechanism The reciprocating linear motion makes complex relative motion between the viscoelastic magnetic abrasive and the processed surface, and realizes finishing and deburring of various surfaces under the action of force and relative motion. Step 4: Turn the workpiece around and install it, and repeat the third step to complete the overall processing of the workpiece.

The viscoelastic magnetic grinding tool is semi-solid, has good fluidity and adaptability, and can reach any part of the workpiece, including dead corners and/or edges.

The advantages of a novel grinding tool surface finishing device and method thereof of the present invention are: the novel grinding tool is semi-solid, has viscoelasticity and magnetism, and can adapt to the surface shape of the workpiece under the action of a permanent magnetic field. , can reach any parts such as dead corners and edges on the surface of the workpiece, which increases the ability of the abrasive to fully contact the surface of the workpiece, which is conducive to the deburring and finishing of various surfaces, and solves the problem of special-shaped holes, curved surfaces, grooved surfaces, etc. finishing processing problems. In addition, the processing device proposed by the present invention has a simple structure, the abrasives are not easy to scatter, the utilization rate and reutilization rate of the abrasive tool are high, the processing cost is low, the processing effect is good, the processing efficiency is high, the burr is removed within 15 minutes, and the Ra value of the surface roughness of the inner hole It can be reduced by about 3 levels.

The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are embodied in the following five aspects:

1. It can be used for processing the inner hole surface and special-shaped hole surface of non-magnetic materials, with good processing effect and high processing efficiency.

2. The processing device and process are simple and practical, low in cost, and easy to operate and popularize.

3. It can flow to any part of the processed surface, such as dead corners and edges, to achieve deburring and edge rounding.

4. It can effectively improve the physical and mechanical properties of the processed surface.

5. It can be used to process the outer surface of magnetically conductive materials and non-magnetically conductive materials. Due to the nature of the abrasive tool itself, it has strong adaptability and good processing effect when processing complex curved surfaces.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a viscoelastic magnetic abrasive finishing device of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field generating device of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the magnetic field generating device of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a photo of the viscoelastic magnetic abrasive tool of the straight hole part before finishing of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a photo of the viscoelastic magnetic abrasive of the straight hole part of the present invention after finishing.

Fig. 6 is a photo of the viscoelastic magnetic abrasive tool of the grooved part of the present invention before finishing.

Fig. 7 is a photo of the viscoelastic magnetic abrasive tool of the groove part of the present invention after finishing.

Fig. 8 is a photo of the viscoelastic magnetic abrasive tool for blind hole parts before finishing of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a photo of the viscoelastic magnetic abrasive of the blind hole part of the present invention after finishing.

In the figure: 1. Viscoelastic magnetic abrasive tool; 2. Work piece; 3. Large pulley; 4. Magnetic field generating device; 5. Transition joint; 6. Clamping device; 7. Crank slider mechanism; 8. Motor; 9 10. Mobile bracket; 11. Motor; 12. Small pulley; 13. Positioning sleeve; 14. Magnetic yoke; 15. Permanent magnetic pole; 16. Round nut; 17. Key; 18. Copper sleeve.

Detailed ways

Further details will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

A grinding tool surface finishing device includes a viscoelastic magnetic grinding tool 1, a workpiece 2, a large pulley 3, a magnetic field generating device 4, a transition joint 5, a clamping device 6, a crank slider mechanism 7, a motor 8, and a workbench 9 , mobile bracket 10, motor 11, small pulley 12, positioning sleeve 13; wherein:

Described viscoelastic magnetic grinding tool 1 is inserted in the magnetic field generating device 4; The symmetrical center line of 15 is set at 60°～150°, and radial magnetization is adopted. After magnetization, the magnetic field near the processing surface is stronger; the yoke 14 and the large pulley 3 are connected by the key 17, and the large pulley 3 Axial fixation is achieved through the copper sleeve 18 and the round nut 16, and the motor 11 and the small pulley 12 are used to drive the large pulley 3 and the yoke 14 to realize the rotational movement of the permanent magnet pole 15. In order to reduce wear and move flexibly, increase The copper sleeve 18; the motor 8 drives the mobile bracket 10 through the crank slider mechanism 7 to realize the axial reciprocating linear motion of the permanent magnet pole 15; The axis of the axis is always kept parallel; the accurate positional relationship between the workpiece 2 and the magnetic field generating device 4 is realized through the positioning sleeve 13 and the clamping device 6; the processing of workpieces of different lengths is adapted through the transition joint 5, and it helps to improve the workpiece end. Processing effect.

The steps to process a workpiece are as follows:

Ⅰ. Select the magnetic field generating device 4

The permanent magnet pole 15 used in the experiment is made of N35 NdFeB permanent magnet material. The shape of the permanent magnet pole 15 is tile-shaped, and the symmetrical center line is set at 60°-150°. The radial magnetization method is adopted, and the magnetic field strength is 1000kA/ m～1500kA/m; the yoke 14 is made of soft magnetic material;

II. Install the viscoelastic magnetic abrasive tool 1 in advance into the workpiece or between the outside of the workpiece 2 and the inner surface of the permanent magnet pole 15 in the magnetic field generator 4, adjust the inner diameter of the positioning sleeve 13, and place the workpiece in the positioning sleeve 13 to achieve Positioning, clamping by the clamping device 6, adjusting the relative position between the permanent magnet pole 15 and the workpiece 2, so that the gap between the permanent magnet pole 15 and the workpiece 2 is kept at 1 mm to 3 mm, and the center of rotation coincides with the geometric center of the workpiece 2 ;

Ⅲ. Adjust the frequency of the motor by frequency conversion, control the speed of the permanent magnet pole 15 at 300r/min-600r/min, and then control the reciprocating linear motion speed of the permanent magnet pole 15 at 5mm/s-30mm/s;

IV. After processing for 5 minutes to 20 minutes, turn around and install the workpiece 2 according to the above steps, so as to realize the overall processing of the workpiece and further improve the processing effect at the same time.

Embodiment 1

Slender hole processing, the processing parameters are as described in Table 1:

Table 1 Processing parameters of slender holes

value 412 10 240 20 YL12 32 400 5

Implementation Effect:

Accompanying drawing 4 is a photo before processing, it can be seen that the inner surface of workpiece 2 is rough and dull; accompanying drawing 5 is a photo after processing, it can be seen that the surface of workpiece 2 after processing is smooth and bright as a whole, with a mirror effect, burrs are removed, and processing The effect is obvious. After testing, the surface roughness Ra value of the workpiece dropped from 2.39 μm to 0.25 μm, which decreased by about 3 levels.

Embodiment 2

Groove parts processing, processing parameters are shown in Table 2:

Table 2 Processing parameters of groove parts

Implementation Effect:

Attached drawing 6 is a photo before processing. Before processing, the side and bottom of the groove have obvious knife marks, the surface is rough, and is anisotropic. The burrs at both ends of the groove are relatively obvious, and there is a feeling of cutting hands. After processing, the surface quality of the groove side and bottom surface is greatly improved, the surface is smooth and bright as a whole, the burrs on both sides of the groove are obviously removed, the edges are rounded, and the surface shows an isotropic trend.

Embodiment 3

For the processing of blind hole parts, the processing parameters are shown in Table 3:

Table 3 Processing parameters of blind hole parts

Implementation Effect:

Attached drawing 8 is a photo before processing. Before processing, the bottom surface of the blind hole has obvious tool marks, the surface is rough, and is anisotropic. There are obvious burrs on the bottom surface and corners of the blind hole; Attached drawing 9 is a photo after processing. The surface after processing is smooth as a whole. Bright, mirror effect, remove burrs on the bottom of blind holes and corners, smooth to the touch.

Claims (9)

1. viscoplasticity magnetic grinding tool surface finishing processing unit (plant), it contains viscoplasticity magnetic grinding tool, workpiece, belt wheel, field generator for magnetic, clamping device, slider-crank mechanism, motor, workbench, traversing carriage, Ci Astatine and permanent magnetism magnetic pole, it is characterized in that field generator for magnetic (4) is to be made of a pair of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic magnetic pole (15) and corresponding Ci Astatine (14), permanent magnetism magnetic pole (15) is fixed in the Ci Astatine (14), the symmetrical center line of permanent magnetism magnetic pole (15) becomes 60 °～150 ° settings, and viscoplasticity magnetic grinding tool (1) is inserted in the field generator for magnetic (4); Yoke (14) is connected by key (17) with big belt wheel (3), big belt wheel (3) drives rotatablely moving of big belt wheel (3) and yoke (14) realization permanent magnetism magnetic pole (15) by copper sheathing (18) and round nut (16) axial restraint by motor (11) and small pulley (12); Motor (8) connects the axially back and forth straight line parallel motion that traversing carriage (10) is realized permanent magnetism magnetic pole (15) by slider-crank mechanism (8); Workpiece to be processed (2) passes field generator for magnetic (4) and realizes that by positioning sleeve (13) and clamping device (6) position between workpiece (2) and field generator for magnetic (4) concerns; Be connected and fixed the workpiece (2) of different length by transit joint (5).

2. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that viscoplasticity magnetic grinding tool (1) is positioned at workpiece (2), perhaps is positioned between workpiece (2) and the permanent magnetism magnetic pole (15), perhaps is positioned between workpiece (2) and workpiece (2) and the permanent magnetism magnetic pole (15).

3. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that viscoplasticity magnetic grinding tool (1) is semi-solid, has viscoplasticity and magnetic.

4. device as claimed in claim 1, its permanent magnetism magnetic pole (15) is 1mm～3mm with the gap of workpiece (2).

5. device as claimed in claim 1, its permanent magnetism magnetic pole (15) overlaps with the geometric center of workpiece (2) with the centre of gyration of workpiece (2).

6. device as claimed in claim 1, its permanent magnetism magnetic pole (15) is the N35 Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic, and shape is tile, and symmetrical center line is 60 °～150 ° settings.

7. processing method that is used for the described viscoplasticity magnetic of claim 1 grinding tool surface finishing processing unit (plant), this method comprises the steps:

(1), workpiece (2) is passed field generator for magnetic (4) be fixed in the positioning sleeve (13) by clamping device (6);

(2) viscoplasticity magnetic grinding tool (1) is inserted in the workpiece (2), perhaps outside the workpiece (2), perhaps be positioned between workpiece (2) and workpiece (2) and the permanent magnetism magnetic pole (15), and between middle permanent magnetism magnetic pole (15) inner surface of field generator for magnetic (4), under the effect of magnetic field, viscoplasticity magnetic grinding tool (1) contacts with workpiece (2) surface to be machined and forms active force;

(3) connect power supply, regulate motor (11) frequency, motor (11) is realized rotatablely moving of permanent magnetism magnetic pole (15) by the band transmission, motor (8) is realized the axial linear reciprocating motion of permanent magnetism magnetic pole (15) by slider-crank mechanism (7), thereby make to form relative motion between viscoplasticity magnetic grinding tool (1) and the surface to be machined, under the effect of power and relative motion, realize polishing processing the surface;

(4) workpiece (2) tune is installed, repeat the 3rd and go on foot the integral body processing of finishing workpiece (2).

8. method as claimed in claim 7, its permanent magnetism magnetic pole (15) adopts the radial magnetizing mode, and magnetic field intensity is at 1000kA/m～1500kA/m.

9. method as claimed in claim 7, the rotating speed of its permanent magnetism magnetic pole (15) is 300r/min～600r/min, reciprocating motion speed is 5mm/s～30mm/s.

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