CN101955819B - Biomass Nano Fuel Combustion Additive - Google Patents
Biomass Nano Fuel Combustion Additive Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101955819B CN101955819B CN 200910041200 CN200910041200A CN101955819B CN 101955819 B CN101955819 B CN 101955819B CN 200910041200 CN200910041200 CN 200910041200 CN 200910041200 A CN200910041200 A CN 200910041200A CN 101955819 B CN101955819 B CN 101955819B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- combustion
- supporting
- biomass
- fuel combustion
- emulsifier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OONRXMHENUMURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese;1-methylcyclopenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound [Mn].CC1=CC=CC1 OONRXMHENUMURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- NNKQLUVBPJEUOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethynylaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(C#C)=C1 NNKQLUVBPJEUOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域： Technical field:
本发明属于助燃添加剂技术领域，特别涉及汽油、柴油、重油等燃料的生物质纳米燃料助燃添加剂。The invention belongs to the technical field of combustion-supporting additives, in particular to biomass nano-fuel combustion-supporting additives for fuels such as gasoline, diesel oil, and heavy oil.
背景技术： Background technique:
当今世界，各国政府为应对石油资源短缺和全球气候变暖的问题，采取了许多措施。如何充分利用有限的矿物燃料，提高燃油燃烧的热效率，降低燃油消耗，减少燃烧废气的排放，减轻对大气环境的污染，成为当今世界各国面临的重要技术课题。近年来，为开发新的燃料助燃添加剂，人们作过许多努力。如US5693106，US50872b7，US4891049，CN1113087，CN85109511等专利技术提供的燃料助燃添加剂，虽然在一定程度上起到了改善燃料燃烧性能的作用，但存在燃料助燃添加剂功能少、效果单一的不足。有的仅考虑了解决助燃的问题，而未考虑降低油耗的问题，对降低燃油机械排放废气中的有害物质的含量也考虑较少。In today's world, governments of various countries have taken many measures to deal with the shortage of oil resources and global warming. How to make full use of limited fossil fuels, improve the thermal efficiency of fuel combustion, reduce fuel consumption, reduce combustion exhaust emissions, and reduce pollution to the atmospheric environment has become an important technical issue faced by countries all over the world today. In recent years, many efforts have been made to develop new combustion-supporting additives for fuels. Such as US5693106, US50872b7, US4891049, CN1113087, fuel combustion-supporting additives provided by patent technologies such as CN85109511, although the effect of improving fuel combustion performance has been played to a certain extent, but there is the deficiency that the fuel combustion-supporting additive has few functions and single effect. Some only considered the problem of combustion support, but did not consider the problem of reducing fuel consumption, and less consideration was given to reducing the content of harmful substances in the exhaust gas emitted by fuel machinery.
发明内容： Invention content:
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足而提供一种可提高燃料的燃烧效率，价格便宜，经济实惠，而且清洁环保的生物质纳米燃料助燃添加剂。The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of combustion-supporting additive for biomass nano-fuel that can improve the combustion efficiency of fuel, is cheap, economical, and clean and environment-friendly.
本发明的目的是这样实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:
生物质纳米燃料助燃添加剂，它包括以下重量百分比的原料：Biomass nano fuel combustion-supporting additive, it comprises the raw material of following percentage by weight:
生物质醇 40％～75％Biomass alcohol 40%～75%
正辛烷 5％～40％n-octane 5%～40%
助溶剂 3％～15％Co-solvent 3%～15%
助燃催化剂 0.5％～3.5％Combustion-supporting catalyst 0.5%～3.5%
乳化剂 0.5％～2.5％。Emulsifier 0.5% to 2.5%.
它包括以下重量百分比的原料：It includes the following raw materials in weight percentages:
生物质醇 50％～75％Biomass alcohol 50%～75%
正辛烷 5％～35％n-octane 5%～35%
助溶剂 3％～10％Co-solvent 3%～10%
助燃催化剂 1.5％～3％Combustion-supporting catalyst 1.5%～3%
乳化剂 1％～2％。Emulsifier 1% to 2%.
它包括以下重量百分比的原料：It includes the following raw materials in weight percentages:
生物质醇 40％～65％Biomass alcohol 40%～65%
正辛烷 10％～40％n-octane 10%～40%
助溶剂 8％～15％Co-solvent 8%～15%
助燃催化剂 1.5％～3％Combustion-supporting catalyst 1.5%～3%
乳化剂 1％～2％。Emulsifier 1% to 2%.
所述生物质醇为甲醇、乙醇、糠醇中的至少一种。The biomass alcohol is at least one of methanol, ethanol and furfuryl alcohol.
所述助溶剂包括石油醚、异丙醚、乙醚、正丁醇、正辛醇、异丁醇、乙醇、丁酮、丙酮、二甲苯中的至少一种。The cosolvent includes at least one of petroleum ether, isopropyl ether, ether, n-butanol, n-octanol, isobutanol, ethanol, butanone, acetone, and xylene.
所述助燃催化剂包括甲基环戊二烯三羰基锰、二茂铁、硝酸异辛酯中的至少一种。The combustion-supporting catalyst includes at least one of methylcyclopentadiene manganese tricarbonyl, ferrocene and isooctyl nitrate.
所述乳化剂为S-20或T-80。The emulsifier is S-20 or T-80.
其制备方法如下：按上述重量百分比，将生物质醇掺混到正辛烷中，再加入助溶剂、助燃催化剂和乳化剂，不断搅拌，然后用纳米技术使上述原料混合物的微粒达到纳米级，完全溶解、融合、混合均匀后即可制得成品。Its preparation method is as follows: according to the above weight percentage, the biomass alcohol is blended into n-octane, then adding a cosolvent, a combustion-supporting catalyst and an emulsifier, stirring continuously, and then using nanotechnology to make the particles of the above raw material mixture reach the nanometer level, The finished product can be obtained after complete dissolution, fusion and uniform mixing.
其与汽油混合后，应用在各种型号的汽油机动车中；与柴油混合后，应用在柴油发电机或柴油机动车使用；其与重油或煤焦油混合，应用在宾馆、酒店、工厂企业饭堂的炉灶或锅炉中。After it is mixed with gasoline, it is used in various types of gasoline vehicles; after it is mixed with diesel oil, it is used in diesel generators or diesel vehicles; when it is mixed with heavy oil or coal tar, it is used in hotels, restaurants, factories and corporate canteens stove or boiler.
本发明的有益效果：生物质纳米燃料助燃添加剂，它包括以下重量百分比的原料：生物质醇40％～75％、正辛烷5％～40％、助溶剂3％～15％、助燃催化剂0.5％～3.5％、乳化剂0.5％～2.5％。本发明的优点有：1、廉价：所用的主原料生物质醇是化工厂、化肥厂、酒厂、药厂、糖厂的下脚料或副产品，既可废物利用，又降低成本、节省资源；2、节省燃油：本发明添加到汽油、柴油等燃料中，可提高燃料的燃烧效率，节约燃料20-30％左右。3、环保：本发明按一定比例添加到燃料中，使其充分溶合，最大限度地发挥生物质醇所具燃烧清洁、环保的特点。按一定比例添加到重油中，可在锅炉、炉灶等燃烧设备中使用，燃烧充分且无烟，无灰份沉积；按一定比例添加到汽油中，可在各种型号的汽油机动车中使用，能减少一氧化碳和碳氢化合物的排放，经汽车尾气检测：一氧化碳最高为0.1％，最低为0.1％，碳氢化合物最高为6mg/L、最低为1mg/L，排放评价为零。4、安全：生物质纳米燃料助燃添加剂燃烧时不会爆炸，在储存及运输时也比较安全。Beneficial effects of the present invention: biomass nano-fuel combustion-supporting additive, which includes the following raw materials in weight percentage: 40%-75% of biomass alcohol, 5%-40% of n-octane, 3%-15% of co-solvent, 0.5% of combustion-supporting catalyst %～3.5%, emulsifier 0.5%～2.5%. The advantages of the present invention are: 1. Cheap: the main raw material biomass alcohol used is the leftovers or by-products of chemical plants, chemical fertilizer plants, wineries, pharmaceutical factories, and sugar factories, which can be used as waste, and reduce costs and save resources; 2. Fuel saving: when the present invention is added to gasoline, diesel and other fuels, it can improve the combustion efficiency of fuel and save about 20-30% of fuel. 3. Environmental protection: the present invention is added to the fuel in a certain proportion to make it fully fused and maximize the characteristics of clean combustion and environmental protection of biomass alcohol. When added to heavy oil in a certain proportion, it can be used in combustion equipment such as boilers and stoves. Reduce the emission of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. After the vehicle exhaust test: the highest carbon monoxide is 0.1%, the lowest is 0.1%, the highest hydrocarbon is 6mg/L, the lowest is 1mg/L, and the emission evaluation is zero. 4. Safety: Biomass nano-fuel combustion-supporting additives will not explode when burned, and are relatively safe during storage and transportation.
具体实施方式： Detailed ways:
下面以具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但本发明不受下述实施例的限定。The present invention will be further described below with specific examples, but the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
实施例1Example 1
将甲醇50克掺混到35克正辛烷中，再加入正丁醇10克、甲基环戊二烯三羰基锰3.5克、乳化剂为S-201.5克，不断搅拌，然后用纳米技术使上述原料混合物的微粒达到纳米级，完全溶解、融合、混合均匀后即可制得成品。Mix 50 grams of methanol into 35 grams of n-octane, then add 10 grams of n-butanol, 3.5 grams of methylcyclopentadiene manganese tricarbonyl, and 1.5 grams of emulsifier S-201. The particles of the above-mentioned raw material mixture reach the nanometer level, and the finished product can be obtained after completely dissolving, merging, and uniformly mixing.
实施例2Example 2
将甲醇25克、乙醇25克、糠醇25克掺混到5克正辛烷中，再加入二甲苯15克、硝酸异辛酯2.5克、乳化剂为S-202.5克，不断搅拌，然后用纳米技术使上述原料混合物的微粒达到纳米级，完全溶解、融合、混合均匀后即可制得成品。Mix 25 grams of methanol, 25 grams of ethanol, and 25 grams of furfuryl alcohol into 5 grams of n-octane, then add 15 grams of xylene, 2.5 grams of isooctyl nitrate, and 2.5 grams of emulsifier S-202. The technology makes the particles of the above-mentioned raw material mixture reach the nanometer level, and the finished product can be produced after complete dissolution, fusion and uniform mixing.
实施例3Example 3
将乙醇30克、糠醇38克掺混到25克正辛烷中，再加入异丙醚2克、异丁醇1克、甲基环戊二烯三羰基锰0.5克、乳化剂为T-803.5克，不断搅拌，然后用纳米技术使上述原料混合物的微粒达到纳米级，完全溶解、融合、混合均匀后即可制得成品。Blend 30 grams of ethanol and 38 grams of furfuryl alcohol into 25 grams of n-octane, then add 2 grams of isopropyl ether, 1 gram of isobutanol, 0.5 grams of methylcyclopentadiene manganese tricarbonyl, and the emulsifier T-803.5 gram, constantly stirring, and then using nanotechnology to make the particles of the above-mentioned raw material mixture reach the nanometer level, and the finished product can be obtained after completely dissolving, merging, and mixing uniformly.
实施例4Example 4
将乙醇43克掺混到40克正辛烷中，再加入乙醚5.5克、丁酮10克、甲基环戊二烯三羰基锰0.5克、二茂铁0.5克、乳化剂为T-800.5克，不断搅拌，然后用纳米技术使上述原料混合物的微粒达到纳米级，完全溶解、融合、混合均匀后即可制得成品。Blend 43 grams of ethanol into 40 grams of n-octane, then add 5.5 grams of ether, 10 grams of butanone, 0.5 grams of methylcyclopentadiene manganese tricarbonyl, 0.5 grams of ferrocene, and 0.5 grams of emulsifier T-800. , Stir constantly, and then use nanotechnology to make the particles of the above raw material mixture reach the nanoscale, completely dissolve, fuse, and mix uniformly to obtain the finished product.
以上所述仅是本发明的较佳实施例，故凡依本发明专利申请范围所述的构造、特征及原理所做的等效变化或修饰，均包括于本发明专利申请范围内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, so all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the structure, features and principles described in the scope of the patent application of the present invention are included in the scope of the patent application of the present invention.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200910041200 CN101955819B (en) | 2009-07-17 | 2009-07-17 | Biomass Nano Fuel Combustion Additive |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200910041200 CN101955819B (en) | 2009-07-17 | 2009-07-17 | Biomass Nano Fuel Combustion Additive |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101955819A CN101955819A (en) | 2011-01-26 |
| CN101955819B true CN101955819B (en) | 2013-04-17 |
Family
ID=43483409
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200910041200 Expired - Fee Related CN101955819B (en) | 2009-07-17 | 2009-07-17 | Biomass Nano Fuel Combustion Additive |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101955819B (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101071204B1 (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2011-10-10 | 이영서 | Fuel additive for heavy oil and fuel oil comprising the same |
| CN103937561A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-23 | 青田金之源能源科技有限公司 | Composite biomass liquid fuel |
| CN106590771A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-04-26 | 广西东奇能源技术有限公司 | Vehicle biofuel |
| CN107118816A (en) * | 2017-07-08 | 2017-09-01 | 湖北文理学院 | A kind of composite gasoline additive |
| CN107641531A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-01-30 | 廖卫星 | A kind of biological nano environment-friendly and high-energy fires liquid |
| CN107937052A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-04-20 | 陈圣男 | A kind of biological nano environmental protection and energy saving superhigh temperature fires liquid |
| CN109294688A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-02-01 | 定远县碧蓝山新能源有限公司 | A kind of environment-friendly biomass fuel additive |
| CN110643396A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2020-01-03 | 江苏灏钧股份有限公司 | Automobile fuel additive and preparation method thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1396241A (en) * | 2002-08-09 | 2003-02-12 | 王方茂 | Three-function cleaning modifier of gasoline |
| CN1465670A (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2004-01-07 | 天津市宏博环保燃料新能源有限公司 | Alcohol base liquid fuel |
| CN1528865A (en) * | 2003-05-12 | 2004-09-15 | 浙江省钱江高分子聚合材料厂 | Alcohol-oil-mixed fuel |
-
2009
- 2009-07-17 CN CN 200910041200 patent/CN101955819B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1465670A (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2004-01-07 | 天津市宏博环保燃料新能源有限公司 | Alcohol base liquid fuel |
| CN1396241A (en) * | 2002-08-09 | 2003-02-12 | 王方茂 | Three-function cleaning modifier of gasoline |
| CN1528865A (en) * | 2003-05-12 | 2004-09-15 | 浙江省钱江高分子聚合材料厂 | Alcohol-oil-mixed fuel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101955819A (en) | 2011-01-26 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101955819B (en) | Biomass Nano Fuel Combustion Additive | |
| CN101955807B (en) | Biomass nanometer gasoline liquid fuel | |
| CN107513441A (en) | A kind of fuel combination suitable for diesel engine | |
| CN101935561B (en) | Methanol-diesel and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103320186A (en) | Bio-based power reinforcing agent for methanol-gasoline and preparation method of bio-based power reinforcing agent | |
| CN102127473B (en) | Ether-base fuel | |
| CN101962582B (en) | Ethyl levulinate-diesel oil mixed fuel | |
| CN101469282A (en) | Biodiesel | |
| CN101285011A (en) | A kind of water-containing methanol gasoline and its preparation method | |
| CN102504890A (en) | Composite methanol diesel and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101705116B (en) | Methanol diesel fuel and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102304398A (en) | Moderate-proportion methanol gasoline additive | |
| CN104745242A (en) | Alcohol-hydrocarbon composite liquid fuel | |
| CN101955816B (en) | Biomass nanometer liquid fuel | |
| CN101633859B (en) | High-cleanness diesel oil | |
| CN103074129A (en) | Preparation method of methanol microemulsion diesel oil | |
| CN103923708A (en) | High-cleanness ether-based gasoline | |
| CN106947555A (en) | Biological alcohol-based fuel power heat value agent | |
| CN106190352B (en) | A kind of lignocellulosic base γ valerolactones diesel oil mediation fuel and preparation method thereof | |
| CN115678623A (en) | Biomass liquid fuel | |
| CN102382690A (en) | Production method of environment-friendly renewable fuel oil | |
| CN101768478A (en) | Vehicle low-carbon biodiesel | |
| CN106190373A (en) | Diesel fuel additive | |
| CN106520221A (en) | A modified methanol fuel for vehicles used in a methanol/diesel co-combustion system | |
| CN110564462A (en) | automobile energy-increasing cleaning agent and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20130417 Termination date: 20150717 |
|
| EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |