CN101926408A - Method and device for producing casein and whey protein by separating milk - Google Patents
Method and device for producing casein and whey protein by separating milk Download PDFInfo
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- CN101926408A CN101926408A CN2010101124662A CN201010112466A CN101926408A CN 101926408 A CN101926408 A CN 101926408A CN 2010101124662 A CN2010101124662 A CN 2010101124662A CN 201010112466 A CN201010112466 A CN 201010112466A CN 101926408 A CN101926408 A CN 101926408A
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- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a production method and a device of casein and whey protein, in particular to a method and a device for producing casein and whey protein by adopting a ceramic membrane microfiltration system to separate milk. The method comprises the following steps of: pre-filtering milk; then, raising the temperature for centrifugalizing cream to obtain skim milk; pasteurizing and cooling the skim milk and entering the ceramic membrane microfiltration system; and selecting different concentration factors according to product brands, enriching trapped fluid to form casein and enriching permeate liquid to form whey protein. The separation method of the invention has the advantages of simple operation, continuous production and convenient cleaning; and the obtained casein can be directly compounded with the cream for processing and producing cheese and providing a new path for the standardized process of cream for cheese. Meanwhile, the obtained ideal whey is sterile and fat-free, has uniform contents and easy control and simplifies the process for processing the whey into a whey product with a high added value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of milk be separated to produce the method and the device of casein and lactalbumin, particularly milk is separated to produce the method and the device of casein and lactalbumin, belong to the technical field that Dairy Processing is produced with the ceramic membrane microfiltration systems.
Background technology
That cheese is liquid breast is clear through curdled milk, milk ejection, fermenting-ripening and the very high fermented dairy product of a kind of nutritive value made, and it also is rich in vitamin and trace element etc. except containing rich in protein, fat.Most protein in the cheese have been degraded to polypeptide and amino acid, and its absorptivity is up to more than 96%, and the fat of part has been degraded to unrighted acid, helps to reduce the serum cholesterol of human body, helps angiocardiopathy preventing.Lactose majority in the cheese has been decomposed into glucose and galactolipin, is particularly suitable for the consumer group of lactose intolerance, and the calcium content of cheese is higher, helps growth of children, prevention the elderly's osteoporosis.
The whole world has the raw milk more than 1/3 to be used for the production and processing of cheese.Cheese is as a kind of food of high nutritive value, and its instant edible and characteristics such as numerous in variety make its sales volume in the whole world account for 30% of dairy products total sales volume.Along with the raising of people's living standard and the intensification that the cheese nutritive value is familiar with, the cheese consumption of China is in and increases period fast.
The overall situation of China's cheese product processing is mature on the whole, but has also run into some problems in the production and processing.At first, the utilization of process of cheese making process mainly be casein, most lactalbumins with the form of accessory substance along with whey is discharged, heat treatment process in its process inevitably can cause sex change, polymerization even the precipitation of lactalbumin, some inhibitor composition wherein also can bring negative influence, for example, fat globule membrane plays inhibitory action to the foaming characteristic of lactalbumin, has only pure, natural lactalbumin could obtain excellent function character.The whey product of how handling whey and utilizing whey to produce high added value is the content that dairy products enterprise falls over each other to study always.Secondly, the component content of raw milk has certain difference along with the variation of multiple factors such as lactation period, weather, the breeding of feeding, if the low percentages of protein of raw milk, curdled milk is relatively poor, the casein that is lost in the whey is higher, just can cause the output of cheese to reduce.Therefore cheese production firm often needs raw milk is carried out the certain standard process, and present standardized method mainly contains: degreasing or add rare cream and increase fat content; Add skimmed milk powder and increase protein content.But additionally add skimmed milk powder and exist such drawback: the content of lactose accounts for more than 50% of total solid in the skimmed milk powder, therefore, unless this milk powder dilution back is added in the raw milk, lactose content must increase to some extent in the cheese.If add again after the dilution then run counter to the original intention that increases output.Like this, the cheese producer big cost of flower of having to is carried out the adjustment of process, reduces the content of lactose by the acidity that increases cheese, so avoid color and luster in the cheese ripening process deepen or heating process in brown stain, its operational sequence complexity, the cost height.
Therefore, adopting certain technological means to improve the quality of raw milk, and then increase the homogeneity of cheese product, is the current problem that presses for solution.
Chinese patent literature CN2741372 discloses a kind of processing equipment of growing shelf-life fresh milk, CN1679403 discloses a kind of long shelf-life fresh milk and production equipment thereof, using the mode of gradient membrane filtration holds back the body cell in the raw milk, bacterium etc., improve the quality of raw milk, prolonged the shelf life of product.These two inventions have solved the improvement problem of raw milk quality to a certain extent, but still are not implemented in the purpose of separating casein and lactalbumin before the process of cheese making.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: provide a kind of milk is separated to produce the method and the device of casein and lactalbumin.The present invention is directed to the deficiency of existing cheese milk standardized technique, utilize the ceramic membrane microfiltration systems to handle raw milk as continous way feed liquid treatment system, realized before process of cheese making, separating the purpose of casein and lactalbumin, resulting casein can be directly used in the production and processing of cheese or the standardisation process of cheese milk, has solved the standardized problem of cheese milk; Resulting pure, natural " ideal " whey, nutritional labeling and nutritive value do not change, and have simplified the process that further is processed into whey product.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention: the method that milk is separated to produce casein and lactalbumin is: milk is through pre-filtering, heat up then, carry out the centrifugation of rare cream, the gained skimmed milk carries out pasteurize, enter the ceramic membrane microfiltration systems after the cooling, select different enrichment factors according to product variety, the trapped fluid enrichment be casein, what see through liquid enrichment is lactalbumin.
Method is more specifically: fresh milk is warmed up to 55 ℃ then through pre-filtering, carries out the centrifugation of rare cream, the gained skimmed milk is warming up to 72 ℃, carries out pasteurize behind the insulation 15s, is cooled to 50 ℃ again, enter the ceramic membrane microfiltration systems, its flow velocity is 5m/s, and transmembrane pressure is 0.5Bar; According to the different product kind different enrichment factors is selected in the requirement of calcium content, the trapped fluid enrichment be casein, and be used to produce cheese after the rare cream of centrifugation gained mixes, perhaps be used for the standardisation process of cheese milk; What see through liquid enrichment is lactalbumin, is used for processing lactalbumin goods.
With preceding method milk is separated to produce the device of casein and lactalbumin, comprise heat transmission equipment, centrifugal degreasing equipment and Pasteurisation apparatus, compensator is connected successively with heat transmission equipment one, centrifugal degreasing equipment, Pasteurisation apparatus, heat transmission equipment two, ceramic membrane microfiltration systems, two outlets of ceramic membrane microfiltration systems connect the trapped fluid storage tank respectively, see through liquid storage tank, and the trapped fluid storage tank also is connected with the ceramic membrane microfiltration systems through return duct.
Above-mentioned heat transmission equipment is a heat exchanger, and described centrifugal degreasing equipment is cream-milk separator.
Aforesaid ceramic membrane microfiltration systems is an Isoflux homogeneous transmembrane pressure microfiltration systems, inorganic ceramic membrane is to burn the ceramic filter material of the precision with loose structure that forms with high temperature such as aluminium oxide, titanium oxide or zirconia knot, and porous support layer, intermediate filter layer and rete (containing micro-filtration layer, coarse ultrafiltration layer, meticulous ultrafiltration layer and nanofiltration layer) are distribution or asymmetrical distribution.The effect of porous support layer is the mechanical strength that increases film; The aperture of intermediate filter layer is littler than supporting layer, and effect is to prevent that the particle in the rete preparation process from permeating to porous support layer; Rete is realized effectively holding back to material.The pore-size distribution of whole ceramic membrane is reduced gradually by porous support layer to rete, forms asymmetric distribution.Its processing characteristic is that feed liquid is parallel to face and flows under the promotion of pressure, and the retentate on the face is taken away, and keeps a lower level thereby make film pollute.The thickness of each layer of ceramic membrane also is to reduce gradually in gradient to rete from porous support layer, intermediate filter layer, the feasible transmembrane pressure that sees through the flux of liquid along the long direction maintenance homogeneous of film, and filter effect is better.
Micro-filtration membrane aperture in the aforementioned ceramic membrane microfiltration systems is that 0.14 μ m(film material is the 0.14 μ m ceramic membrane that French Hai Deke film separates Co., Ltd, single only 23 passages, 0.35m
2Membrane area, the 1178mm film is long).
The feed liquid treatment system that aforesaid ceramic membrane microfiltration systems is a continous way (referring to accompanying drawing 4) comprises Isoflux ceramic membrane, charging pump, circulating pump, air bleeding valve, flow sensor, pressure sensor, temperature sensor, control valve and heat exchanger; Also can comprise material liquid tank and filtrate tank.
Compared with prior art, separation method of the present invention is simple to operate, can produce continuously, and it is convenient to clean, the casein that obtains can with the composite processing that is directly used in cheese of rare cream, for the standardisation process of cheese milk provides new approach; Aseptic, the no fat of " ideal " whey, the uniform component that obtain simultaneously, the process that is processed into the high added value whey product has been simplified in control easily.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the present invention that coupling apparatus equipment is represented;
Fig. 2 is the inside sectional structure chart of ceramic membrane of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the end face structure and the partial enlarged drawing of ceramic membrane of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structure diagram of ceramic membrane microfiltration systems of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is skimmed milk, the material object contrast figure that sees through liquid, trapped fluid;
Fig. 6 is the gel electrophoresis picture that sees through liquid.
The represented implication of each label is among the figure: 1: the nanofiltration layer; 2: meticulous ultrafiltration layer; 3: coarse ultrafiltration layer; 4: the micro-filtration layer; 5: intermediate filter layer; 6: porous support layer; 7: the feed liquid passage; 8: supporter; 9: material liquid tank; 10: filtrate tank; 11: charging pump; 12: circulating pump; V0: air bleeding valve; V1～V11: control valve; A: heat exchanger; B: ceramic membrane; F: flow sensor; P: pressure sensor; T: temperature sensor; R: skimmed milk; Y1: see through liquid; Y2: trapped fluid; I: beta lactoglobulin; II: ALA; III, IV: MF sees through liquid; V: skimmed milk; VI: casein.
The specific embodiment
Following embodiment is used to illustrate the present invention, but is not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Fresh milk (total number of bacteria＜200,000/ml) process pre-filtering in compensator, be warmed up to 55 ℃ through heat exchanger one then, carry out the centrifugation of rare cream with cream-milk separator, the gained skimmed milk is warming up to 72 ℃, carries out pasteurize behind the insulation 15s, be cooled to 50 ℃ through heat exchanger two again, entering the aperture is the ceramic membrane microfiltration systems of 0.14 μ m, and flow velocity 5m/s, transmembrane pressure are 0.5Bar.According to of the specific requirement of different cheese kinds to calcium content, select different enrichment factors, the trapped fluid enrichment casein, the lactalbumin that seen through liquid enrichment.
The course of work of ceramic membrane microfiltration systems is: the skimmed milk that the cream-milk separator separation obtains is through heat exchange after the pasteurize, enter the material liquid tank 9 of ceramic membrane microfiltration systems, squeeze into membrane filtration system through charging pump 11, circulating pump 12, heat exchanger A insulation circulates in membrane filtration system down, filter the logical cooling water of putamina outward to keep the filtration temperature of feed liquid, trapped fluid enters membrane filtration system once more and further circulates, and sees through liquid and collects in the filtrate tank 10.Get rid of air in the filtration system by air bleeding valve V0, (V1～V11) comes the intrasystem transmembrane pressure of controlled filter by by-pass valve control.Produce the end back and emit trapped fluid by the outlet valve of material liquid tank 9.
Under these conditions, when selecting different enrichment factor, the variation of flux and trapped fluid composition is shown in table 1 and table 2.Compare with the raw material skimmed milk, the composition (total solid, protein, casein/total protein, calcium) of trapped fluid (retentate is below with " R " expression) all presents the trend that increases according to enrichment factor.
0.14 μ m ceramic membrane microfiltration process makes one-tenth such as moisture, lactose, ALA, beta lactoglobulin, soluble mineral matter and nonprotein nitrogen be divided into through liquid.Like this, see through the uniform component of liquid, than being easier to control, no fat, aseptic, lactalbumin exist with natural form, can be used for a series of whey protein product of processing.Meanwhile, the trapped fluid enrichment casein, can be mixed for the production of cheese with rare cream, saved the production space.
The comparison of flux (50 ℃) under the different enrichment factors of table 1
| Enrichment factor (CF) | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 9 |
| Flux (L/hm 2） | 93.2±?5.5 | 71.5±?4.0 | 30.1±?6.3 | 14.3±?3.1 | 13.2±?3.1 |
The variation of trapped fluid composition under the different enrichment factors of table 2
| ? | Total solid (%) | Protein (%) | Casein (%) | Lactose (%) | Fat (%) | Calcium (%) |
| Skimmed milk | 8.91±0.12 | 3.13±0.08 | 2.37±0.05 | 5.02±0.02 | 0.05±0.02 | 0.11±0.03 |
| 2×R | 16.71±0.35 | 5.81±0.24 | 4.85±0.28 | 5.00±0.14 | 0.10±0.03 | 0.20±0.04 |
| 4×R | 23.51±0.38 | 11.18±0.38 | 9.84±0.34 | 4.96±0.14 | 0.18±0.03 | 0.45±0.08 |
| 6×R | 24.36?±0.42 | 16.41±0.22 | 14.05±0.26 | 4.87±0.06 | 0.30±0.06 | 0.66±0.04 |
| 8×R | 25.36±0.32 | 19.28±0.34 | 17.75±0.40 | 4.80±0.10 | 0.38±0.06 | 0.72±0.05 |
| 9×R | 27.72±0.54 | 20.22±0.68 | 19.02±0.52 | 4.70±0.08 | 0.41±0.08 | 0.78±0.08 |
2 * R, 4 * R, 6 * R, 8 * R, 9 * R represent that respectively enrichment factor is 2,4,6,8,9 o'clock trapped fluid.
The raw material skimmed milk, see through liquid and trapped fluid material object as shown in Figure 5.See through liquid because of the riboflavin in the lactalbumin presents transparent limpid yellow green state.
The gel electrophoresis picture of Fig. 6 has confirmed the protein component of " desirable whey ".Micro-filtration sees through liquid and contains ALA and beta lactoglobulin, and casein almost all is trapped liquid and holds back, and its composition wants simple many than skimmed milk.See through the uniform component of liquid, than being easier to control, no fat, aseptic, lactalbumin exist with natural form, directly processing WPC or further process for producing WPC product, simplify treatment step, increased value-added content of product.
Effect of the present invention is as follows:
The ceramic membrane microfiltration systems adopts the mode of cross-flow filtration, and feed liquid is parallel to face and flows under the promotion of pressure, and the retentate on the face is taken away, and keeps a lower level thereby make film pollute; While, the thickness of rete presented graded along the long direction of film, thus the feasible transmembrane pressure that sees through the flux of liquid along the long direction maintenance homogeneous of film, and filter effect is better.
The ceramic membrane quality is hard, have good hear resistance (500 ℃), resistance to acids and bases (pH 1～14), clean make things convenient for, easily disinfect, advantages such as good mechanical property and long service life.Its continuous operating time can reach more than the 10h.Cleaning process adopts CIP to clean (original position cleaning) mode, and the water flux recovery effects is good.
By experimental results show that of strictness, this ceramic membrane microfiltration systems can separate casein with lactalbumin effectively, trapped fluid concentrates casein, with the composite process of manufacture that is directly used in cheese of rare cream, simplified the standardisation process of cheese milk, saved the production space, and see through liquid is " ideal " whey, uniform component, aseptic no fat is beneficial to the whey product that further is processed into high added value.
Claims (8)
1. milk is separated to produce the method for casein and lactalbumin, it is characterized in that: milk is through pre-filtering, heat up then, carry out the centrifugation of rare cream, the gained skimmed milk carries out pasteurize, enters the ceramic membrane microfiltration systems after the cooling, selects different enrichment factors according to product variety, the trapped fluid enrichment be casein, what see through liquid enrichment is lactalbumin.
2. according to claim 1 is described milk is separated to produce the method for casein and lactalbumin, it is characterized in that: fresh milk is through pre-filtering, be warmed up to 55 ℃ then, carry out the centrifugation of rare cream, the gained skimmed milk is warming up to 72 ℃, carries out pasteurize behind the insulation 15s, be cooled to 50 ℃ again, enter the ceramic membrane microfiltration systems, its flow velocity is 5m/s, and transmembrane pressure is 0.5Bar; According to the different product kind different enrichment factors is selected in the requirement of calcium content, the trapped fluid enrichment be casein, what see through liquid enrichment is lactalbumin.
3. with claim 1 or 2 described methods milk is separated to produce the device of casein and lactalbumin, comprise heat transmission equipment, centrifugal degreasing equipment and Pasteurisation apparatus, it is characterized in that: compensator is connected successively with heat transmission equipment one, centrifugal degreasing equipment, Pasteurisation apparatus, heat transmission equipment two, ceramic membrane microfiltration systems, two outlets of ceramic membrane microfiltration systems connect the trapped fluid storage tank respectively, see through liquid storage tank, and the trapped fluid storage tank also is connected with the ceramic membrane microfiltration systems through return duct.
4. according to claim 3 is described milk is separated to produce the device of casein and lactalbumin, it is characterized in that: described heat transmission equipment is a heat exchanger, and described centrifugal degreasing equipment is cream-milk separator.
5. according to claim 3 is described milk is separated to produce the device of casein and lactalbumin, it is characterized in that: described ceramic membrane microfiltration systems is an Isoflux homogeneous transmembrane pressure microfiltration systems, inorganic ceramic membrane is with aluminium oxide, titanium oxide or zirconia high temperature knot burn the ceramic filter material with loose structure that forms, porous support layer (6), intermediate filter layer (5), rete (4,3,2,1) aperture reduces successively gradually, be asymmetric distribution, the thickness of each layer is from porous support layer (6), intermediate filter layer (5) is to rete (4,3,2,1) reduces gradually in gradient.
6. according to each describedly separates to produce the device of casein and lactalbumin milk among the claim 3-5, it is characterized in that: the micro-filtration membrane aperture in the described ceramic membrane microfiltration systems is 0.14 μ m.
7. according to each describedly separates to produce the device of casein and lactalbumin milk among the claim 3-5, it is characterized in that: the feed liquid treatment system that described ceramic membrane microfiltration systems is a continous way comprises Isoflux ceramic membrane (B), charging pump (11), circulating pump (12), air bleeding valve (V0), flow sensor (F), pressure sensor (P), temperature sensor (T), control valve (V1～V11) and heat exchanger (A).
8. according to claim 7 is described milk is separated to produce the device of casein and lactalbumin, it is characterized in that: described ceramic membrane microfiltration systems also comprises material liquid tank (9) and filtrate tank (10).
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