CN101832898A - Horizontal end face frictional wear tester - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a horizontal end surface friction and wear testing machine, which is mainly composed of a power system, a transmission system, an axial force loading system, a torsional load loading system, a testing system and an auxiliary supporting system. In actual use, parameters such as load, speed, time, temperature and friction pair surface conditions can be adjusted and selected in a wide range, and the friction and wear properties of small product samples under the action of various influencing factors can be adjusted and selected. It is also possible to carry out simulation test research on the actual working conditions of the corresponding physical parts, so as to realize the comprehensive investigation and analysis of the tribological characteristics of the sample material and the performance of the corresponding products.

Description

A horizontal end face friction and wear testing machine

Technical field:

The invention relates to a friction and wear testing machine, in particular to a testing machine for analyzing the friction and wear performance of the end face of a cylindrical sample and corresponding physical parts.

Background technique:

At present, the main purposes of carrying out friction and wear tests are: basic analysis of the tribological properties of various friction pairs, evaluation of the friction and wear properties of materials, evaluation of the performance of lubricants, and simulation tests under service conditions. Existing end-face friction and wear testing devices often use a measurement method in which one sample rotates while the other sample is fixed. Most of these testing machines are only used for the aforementioned tribological performance analysis of a certain product sample. The physical simulation test is difficult to carry out due to its high cost, and even if it is carried out, it is carried out on its special testing machine. The test environment of the sample and the real object is often quite different.

Invention content:

The object of the present invention is to provide a horizontal end surface friction and wear testing machine, which can be used for both small product samples and large product samples or real objects to carry out tribological performance test research. The details are as follows

The horizontal end face friction and wear testing machine provided by the present invention mainly includes a cast iron plate 1, a motor 2, a frequency conversion controller 3, a first coupling 4, a first transmission shaft 5, a first bearing seat 6, and a left sample mounting plate 7 , Right small sample mounting plate 8, non-contact infrared thermometer 9, right large sample mounting plate 10, large sample axial loading mechanism 11, small sample axial loading mechanism 12, guide rod 13, hydraulic loading System 14, second transmission shaft 15, second coupling 16, eddy current dynamometer 17, dynamometer control cabinet 18, dynamometer bracket 19, second bearing housing 20, second bearing housing bracket 21, measuring Force sensor support 22 , force sensor display instrument 23 , force sensor 24 , first bearing seat support 25 , motor support 26 . The motor 2 is fixed on the cast iron plate 1 through the motor bracket 26, and the motor shaft 36 is connected with the first transmission shaft 5 by the first coupling 4; the first transmission shaft 5 is supported on the first bearing seat by the deep groove ball bearing 34 6, the first bearing seat 6 is fixed on the cast iron plate 1 through the first bearing seat bracket 25; the second transmission shaft 15 is supported on the second bearing seat 20 through the deep groove ball bearing 42 and the deep groove ball bearing 43, and the second The bearing seat 20 is fixed on the cast iron plate 1 through the second bearing seat bracket 21; the second transmission shaft 15 is connected with the dynamometer shaft 46 by the second coupling 16, and the torsional load loading system is controlled by the eddy current dynamometer 17 Composed of a dynamometer control cabinet 18, the eddy current dynamometer 17 is fixed on the cast iron plate 1 through a dynamometer bracket 19.

The two ends of the first bearing seat 6 are equipped with a first bearing seat left end cover 29 and a first bearing seat right end cover 32, and the first bearing seat left sealing ring 30 and the first bearing seat right sealing ring 31 are used for sealing. The inner ring of the deep groove ball bearing 34 is axially positioned by using the sleeve 28 and the stepped shaft on the first transmission shaft 5, and the outer ring of the deep groove ball bearing 34 passes through the left end cover 29 of the first bearing seat and the steps of the first bearing seat 6. The hole is positioned axially. The left and right sides of the thrust bearing 33 are respectively installed in the first bearing housing 6 and on the first transmission shaft 5 through interference fit, and the right side thereof is in contact with the stepped shaft on the first transmission shaft 5 at the same time. The left sample mounting plate 7 is connected with the spline shaft section of the first transmission shaft 5 through the spline hole, and the sample to be tested can be installed on the left sample mounting plate 7 through the left sample mounting thread 38 .

The two ends of the second bearing seat 20 are equipped with a second bearing seat left end cover 51 and a second bearing seat right end cover 48, and adopt the second bearing seat left sealing ring 52 and the second bearing seat right sealing ring 49 for sealing. Use the sleeve 47, the sleeve 50, and the sleeve 53 to axially position the inner rings of the deep groove ball bearing 42 and the deep groove ball bearing 43, and the outer rings of the deep groove ball bearing 42 and the deep groove ball bearing 43 pass through the second bearing respectively. The seat left end cover 51, the second bearing seat right end cover 48 carry out axial positioning with the second bearing seat 20 stepped holes. The sleeve 53 is fixed on the second transmission shaft 15 by screws 54 .

The axial force loading system is mainly composed of a hydraulic loading system 14 , a guide rod 13 , a loading ring 39 , a loading thrust bearing 40 and a loading disk 41 . The loading disk 41 is sleeved on the second transmission shaft 15 , and is connected with the guide rod 13 through the guide hole 57 , and the guide rod 13 is installed on the second bearing seat 20 through the guide hole 55 . The loading ring 39 is vacantly sleeved on the second transmission shaft 15, and the left and right sides of the loading thrust bearing 40 are respectively installed on the inner hole of the loading ring 39 and the outer stepped circumference of the loading disc 41 through interference fit.

When measuring a large sample, the left side of the loading ring 39 is in contact with the right large sample mounting plate 10, while the right large sample mounting plate 10 is connected with the spline shaft section of the second drive shaft 15 through the spline hole, and through the right large sample mounting plate 10. The large sample mounting thread 56 can install the sample to be tested on the right large sample mounting disc 10 .

When measuring a small sample, the left side of the loading ring 39 is in contact with the right small sample mounting plate 8, while the right small sample mounting plate 8 is empty sleeved on the small sample test shaft 58, and is installed through the right small sample. The sample to be tested is installed on the right small sample mounting disc 8 by thread 59 . The test shaft 58 can have the same structure as the second transmission shaft 15 , or can adopt a structure scheme in which there is no spline shaft segment and other parts are the same as the second transmission shaft 15 . Right below the small sample mounting disc 8, there is a lever 61 for measuring frictional moment, and the lever 61 contacts with the load cell 24, and the load cell 24 is then fixed on the cast iron plate 1 by the load cell support 22. The thermocouple temperature sensor can be installed on the right small sample mounting plate 8 through the temperature sensor mounting thread 60 .

When the friction and wear testing machine provided by the present invention is in operation, the continuous adjustment of the output speed of the motor 2 is realized by the frequency conversion controller 3, and the pressure of the loading hydraulic cylinder 62 and the loading hydraulic cylinder 63 of the hydraulic loading system 14 is adjusted to realize the friction surface in different normal conditions. Test requirements under pressure.

The measurement of friction torque depends on the size of the sample, and the following two methods are used for measurement:

Method 1: For a small sample, when the friction torque generated under the maximum test positive pressure is less than 20N.m, the friction and wear performance of the sample is tested by using the left sample rotation and the right sample stationary end face contact sliding friction detection. The specific process is to measure the frictional torque directly below the right small sample mounting plate 8 by contacting the load cell 24 with the lever 61 to measure the force F that prevents the rotation of the right small sample mounting plate 8, and measure the force arm L, then the moment M=F L can be used as the friction torque generated by the friction surface, combined with the specific shape of the friction surface, the equivalent friction coefficient can be further calculated;

Method 2: For large samples or physical parts, it is mainly realized by applying a torsional load through the eddy current dynamometer 17 . Under the action of torsional load, when the system reaches a balanced state, the friction loss of the drive train is ignored, and the magnitude of the torque transmitted by the friction surface is equal to the torsional load applied by the eddy current dynamometer 17 . Then, the corresponding equivalent friction coefficient can be obtained by combining the specific shape of the friction surface.

For the measurement of the friction surface temperature, for small samples, since the right small sample mounting plate 8 is stationary, a thermocouple temperature sensor can be installed through the temperature sensor mounting thread 60 for measurement. For large samples or physical parts, since the test surface is rotating, it is very difficult to measure the temperature of the friction surface online. Here, a non-contact infrared thermometer 9 is used to measure the temperature of the outer surface of the sample online, and the friction surface The surface temperature is measured by shutting down after reaching a steady state.

After various signals are collected and processed by computer, the relationship curves of axial load-time, friction torque-time, surface temperature-time, rotational speed-time and friction coefficient-time can be finally obtained.

The positive effects of the present invention are: in actual use, the testing machine can adjust and select parameters such as load, rotating speed, time, temperature and friction pair surface conditions in a wide range, and can test small product samples in Under the action of various influencing factors, the change of its friction and wear performance can be investigated, and the corresponding physical parts can also be simulated for actual use conditions, so as to realize the tribological characteristics of the sample material and the performance of the corresponding products. Comprehensive investigation and analysis.

Description of drawings:

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the testing machine.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of assembly of related components on the first bearing seat.

Fig. 3 is a left view of the structure of the first bearing housing.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the left mounting plate of the measurement sample.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of assembly of related components on the second bearing housing.

Figure 6 is a left view of the second bearing seat structure

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the right mounting plate when measuring a large sample.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the loading disc.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the right mounting plate for measuring small samples.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the load cell.

Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic loading system.

Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the data acquisition and analysis system

In the figure, 1-cast iron plate, 2-motor, 3-frequency conversion controller, 4-first coupling, 5-first transmission shaft, 6-first bearing seat, 7-left sample mounting plate, 8- Right small sample mounting plate, 9-non-contact infrared thermometer, 10-right large sample mounting plate, 11-large sample axial loading mechanism, 12-small sample axial loading mechanism, 13-guide rod , 14-hydraulic loading system, 15-second transmission shaft, 16-second coupling, 17-eddy current dynamometer, 18-dynamometer control cabinet, 19-dynamometer bracket, 20-second bearing Seat, 21 second bearing bracket, 22-load sensor bracket, 23-load sensor display instrument, 24-load sensor, 25-first bearing bracket, 26-motor bracket, 27-flat key, 28- Sleeve, 29-left end cover of the first bearing seat, 30-left sealing ring of the first bearing seat, 31-right sealing ring of the first bearing seat, 32-right end cover of the first bearing seat, 33-thrust bearing, 34-deep groove ball Bearing, 35-flat key, 36-motor shaft, 37-through hole, 38-left sample mounting thread, 39-loading ring, 40-loading thrust bearing, 41-loading plate, 42-deep groove ball bearing, 43- Deep groove ball bearing, 44-flat key, 45-flat key, 46-dynamometer shaft, 47-sleeve, 48-right end cover of the second bearing seat, 49-right sealing ring of the second bearing seat, 50-sleeve, 51-left end cover of the second bearing seat, 52-left sealing ring of the second bearing seat, 53-sleeve, 54-screw, 55-guide hole, 56-right large sample mounting thread, 57-guide hole, 58-by Small sample measuring shaft, 59-right small sample mounting thread, 60-temperature sensor mounting thread, 61-lever for friction torque measurement, 62-loading hydraulic cylinder, 63-loading hydraulic cylinder.

Detailed ways:

As shown in Figure 1, the friction and wear testing machine is mainly composed of a power system, a transmission system, an axial force loading system, a torsional load loading system, a testing system and an auxiliary support system. The power system is mainly composed of a motor 2 and a frequency conversion controller 3. The motor 2 is fixed on the cast iron plate 1 through the motor bracket 26, the first bearing seat 6 is fixed on the cast iron plate 1 through the first bearing seat bracket 25, and the load cell 24 is The load cell bracket 22 is fixed on the cast iron flat plate 1, the second bearing seat 20 is fixed on the cast iron flat plate 1 through the second bearing seat bracket 21, and the eddy current dynamometer 17 is fixed on the cast iron flat plate 1 through the dynamometer bracket 19 .

As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, a flat key 35 is used for circumferential fixed connection between the first coupling 4 and the motor shaft 36, and a flat key 35 is used between the first coupling 4 and the first transmission shaft 5 The key 27 is fixedly connected in the circumferential direction, and the first transmission shaft 5 is supported on the first bearing seat 6 through the deep groove ball bearing 34 . The two ends of the first bearing seat 6 are equipped with a first bearing seat left end cover 29 and a first bearing seat right end cover 32, and the first bearing seat left sealing ring 30 and the first bearing seat right sealing ring 31 are used for sealing. The inner ring of the deep groove ball bearing 34 is axially positioned by using the sleeve 28 and the stepped shaft on the first transmission shaft 5, and the outer ring of the deep groove ball bearing 34 passes through the left end cover 29 of the first bearing seat and the steps of the first bearing seat 6. The hole is positioned axially. The left and right sides of the thrust bearing 33 are respectively installed in the first bearing housing 6 and on the first transmission shaft 5 through interference fit, and the right side thereof is in contact with the stepped shaft on the first transmission shaft 5 at the same time. The left sample mounting plate 7 is connected with the spline shaft section of the first transmission shaft 5 through the spline hole, and the sample to be tested can be installed on the left sample mounting plate 7 through the left sample mounting thread 38 .

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, the second transmission shaft 15 is supported on the second bearing seat 20 through the deep groove ball bearing 42 and the deep groove ball bearing 43, and the second bearing seat 20 is two The second bearing seat left end cover 51 and the second bearing seat right end cover 48 are installed at the end, and the second bearing seat left seal ring 52 and the second bearing seat right seal ring 49 are used for sealing. Use the sleeve 47, the sleeve 50, and the sleeve 53 to axially position the inner rings of the deep groove ball bearing 42 and the deep groove ball bearing 43, and the outer rings of the deep groove ball bearing 42 and the deep groove ball bearing 43 pass through the second bearing respectively. The seat left end cover 51, the second bearing seat right end cover 48 carry out axial positioning with the second bearing seat 20 stepped holes. The sleeve 53 is fixed on the second transmission shaft 15 by screws 54 . The axial force loading system is mainly composed of a hydraulic loading system 14 , a guide rod 13 , a loading ring 39 , a loading thrust bearing 40 and a loading disk 41 . The loading disk 41 is sleeved on the second transmission shaft 15 , and is connected with the guide rod 13 through the guide hole 57 , and the guide rod 13 is installed on the second bearing seat 20 through the guide hole 55 . The loading ring 39 is vacantly sleeved on the second transmission shaft 15 , and the left and right sides of the loading thrust bearing 40 are respectively installed on the inner hole of the loading ring 39 and the outer circumference of the loading disc 41 through interference fit. When measuring a large sample, the left side of the loading ring 39 is in contact with the right large sample mounting plate 10, while the right large sample mounting plate 10 is connected with the spline shaft section of the second drive shaft 15 through the spline hole, and through the right large sample mounting plate 10. The large sample mounting thread 56 can install the sample to be tested on the right large sample mounting disc 10 .

The torsional load loading system is composed of an eddy current dynamometer 17 and a dynamometer control cabinet 18. The second coupling 16 is used to connect the dynamometer shaft 46 with the second transmission shaft 15. The second coupling 16 and the dynamometer The flat key 45 is used for circumferential fixed connection between the power machine shafts 46 , and the circumferential fixed connection is carried out between the second coupling 16 and the second transmission shaft 15 by a flat key 44 .

As shown in Figures 9 and 10, when measuring a small sample, the left side of the loading ring 39 is in contact with the right small sample mounting plate 8, and the right small sample mounting plate 8 is an empty sleeve on the small sample test shaft. 58, the sample to be tested is installed on the right small sample mounting plate 8 by the right small sample mounting thread 59. The test shaft 58 can have the same structure as the second transmission shaft 15 , or can adopt a structure scheme in which there is no spline shaft segment and other parts are the same as the second transmission shaft 15 . There is measuring friction torque with lever 61 directly below the right small sample mounting plate 8, and lever 61 contacts with load cell 24. The thermocouple temperature sensor can be installed on the right small sample mounting plate 8 through the temperature sensor mounting thread 60 .

Main parameter measurement scheme:

When the friction and wear testing machine provided by the present invention is in operation, the continuous adjustment of the output speed of the motor 2 is realized by the frequency conversion controller 3, and the pressure of the loading hydraulic cylinder 62 and the loading hydraulic cylinder 63 of the hydraulic loading system 14 is adjusted to realize the friction surface in different normal conditions. Test requirements under pressure.

The measurement of friction torque depends on the size of the sample, and the following two methods are used for measurement:

Method 1: For a small sample, when the friction torque generated under the maximum test positive pressure is less than 20N.m, the friction and wear performance of the sample is tested by using the left sample rotation and the right sample stationary end face contact sliding friction detection. The specific process is to measure the frictional torque directly below the right small sample mounting plate 8 by contacting the load cell 24 with the lever 61 to measure the force F that prevents the rotation of the right small sample mounting plate 8, and measure the force arm L, then the moment M=F·L can be used as the friction torque generated by the friction surface, combined with the specific shape of the friction surface, the equivalent friction coefficient can be further calculated.

Method 2: For large samples or physical parts, it is mainly realized by applying a torsional load through the eddy current dynamometer 17 . Under the action of torsional load, when the system reaches a balanced state, the friction loss of the drive train is ignored, and the magnitude of the torque transmitted by the friction surface is equal to the torsional load applied by the eddy current dynamometer 17 . Then, the corresponding equivalent friction coefficient can be obtained by combining the specific shape of the friction surface.

For the measurement of the friction surface temperature, for small samples, since the right small sample mounting plate 8 is stationary, a thermocouple temperature sensor can be installed through the temperature sensor mounting thread 59 for measurement. For large samples or physical parts, since the test surface is rotating, it is very difficult to measure the temperature of the friction surface online. Here, a non-contact infrared thermometer 9 is used to measure the temperature of the outer surface of the sample online, and the friction surface The surface temperature is measured by shutting down after reaching a steady state.

As shown in Figure 12, after various signals are collected and processed by a computer, the relationship curves such as axial load-time, friction torque-time, surface temperature-time, rotational speed-time and friction coefficient-time can be finally obtained.

Claims (3)

1. a horizontal end face frictional wear tester is characterized in that it comprises cast iron surface plate (1), motor (2), frequency-variable controller (3), first shaft coupling (4), first transmission shaft (5), clutch shaft bearing seat (6), left side sample mounting disc (7), right small sample mounting disc (8), contactless infrared thermometer (9), right bulk specimen mounting disc (10), the axial load maintainer of bulk specimen (11), the axial load maintainer of small sample (12), guide pole (13), hydraulic loading system (14), second transmission shaft (15), second shaft coupling (16), electric eddy current dynamometer (17), Dynamometer Control cabinet (18), dynamometer machine support (19), second bearing seat (20), second bearing bracket (21), force cell support (22), force cell Displaying Meter (23), force cell (24), clutch shaft bearing seat support (25), support of motor (26); Motor (2) is fixed on the cast iron surface plate (1) by support of motor (26), utilizes first shaft coupling (4) that motor reel (36) is connected with first transmission shaft (5); First transmission shaft (5) is bearing on the clutch shaft bearing seat (6) by deep groove ball bearing (34), and clutch shaft bearing seat (6) is fixed on the cast iron surface plate (1) by clutch shaft bearing seat support (25); Second transmission shaft (15) is bearing on second bearing seat (20) by deep groove ball bearing (42), deep groove ball bearing (43), and second bearing seat (20) is fixed on the cast iron surface plate (1) by second bearing bracket (21); Utilize second shaft coupling (16) that second transmission shaft (15) is connected with measurement of power arbor (46), electric eddy current dynamometer (17) is fixed on the cast iron surface plate (1) by dynamometer machine support (19); Clutch shaft bearing seat (6) two ends are equipped with clutch shaft bearing seat left end cap (29) and clutch shaft bearing seat right end cap (32), and adopt clutch shaft bearing seat left side O-ring seal (30) and the right O-ring seal of clutch shaft bearing seat (31) to seal; Utilize the multidiameter on sleeve (28) and first transmission shaft (5) that deep groove ball bearing (34) inner ring is carried out axial location, axial location is then carried out by clutch shaft bearing seat left end cap (29) and clutch shaft bearing seat (6) shoulder hole in deep groove ball bearing (34) outer ring; Thrust bearing (33) left and right sides is installed in the clutch shaft bearing seat (6) by interference fit respectively and on first transmission shaft (5), wherein the multidiameter on right side while and first transmission shaft (5) contacts; Left side sample mounting disc (7) links by splined hole and first transmission shaft (5) splined shaft section, by left sample screw thread (38) is installed and sample to be tested can be installed in the left sample mounting disc (7); Second bearing seat (20) two ends are equipped with the second bearing seat left end cap (51) and the second bearing seat right end cap (48), and adopt second bearing seat left side O-ring seal (52) and the right O-ring seal of second bearing seat (49) to seal; Utilize sleeve (47), sleeve (50), sleeve (53) that deep groove ball bearing (42), deep groove ball bearing (43) inner ring are carried out axial location, deep groove ball bearing (42) and deep groove ball bearing (43) outer ring are then carried out axial location by the second bearing seat left end cap (51), the second bearing seat right end cap (48) with second bearing seat (20) shoulder hole respectively, by screw (54) sleeve (53) are fixed on second transmission shaft (15); The axial force loading system mainly is made up of hydraulic loading system (14), guide pole (13), loaded ring (39), loading thrust bearing (40) and loading disc (41), loading disc (41) sky is enclosed within on second transmission shaft (15), and be connected with guide pole (13) by pilot hole (57), guide pole (13) then is installed on second bearing seat (20) by pilot hole (55); Loaded ring (39) sky is enclosed within second transmission shaft (15), loads thrust bearing (40) left and right sides and is installed on loaded ring (39) endoporus and loading disc (41) excircle by interference fit respectively.

2. friction wear testing machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when measuring bulk specimen, loaded ring (39) left surface contacts with right bulk specimen mounting disc (10), right bulk specimen mounting disc (10) then links by splined hole and second transmission shaft (15) splined shaft section, by right bulk specimen screw thread (56) is installed and sample to be tested can be installed in the right bulk specimen mounting disc (10); Adopt contactless infrared thermometer (9) that sample outer round surface temperature temperature is carried out on-line measurement, the rubbing surface surface temperature is then undertaken by reaching the mode of shutting down measurement behind the stability state.

3. friction wear testing machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when measuring small sample, loaded ring (39) left surface contacts with right small sample mounting disc (8), right small sample mounting disc (8) then is that sky is enclosed within the small sample test with on the axle (58), by right small sample screw thread (59) is installed sample to be tested is installed in the right small sample mounting disc (8); Test is with spline structure with axle (58) and second transmission shaft (15) or adopts no splined shaft section and other parts and the identical organization plan of second transmission shaft (15); The moment of friction of survey lever (61) is arranged under the right small sample mounting disc (8), and lever (61) and force cell (24) contact, and force cell (24) then is fixed on the cast iron surface plate (1) by force cell support (22); By temperature sensor screw thread (60) being installed can be installed in thermocouple temperature sensor in the right small sample mounting disc (8).

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