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CN101836052A - 用于低CO和NOx排放燃烧器的具有燃烧室的热交换器元件 - Google Patents

用于低CO和NOx排放燃烧器的具有燃烧室的热交换器元件 Download PDF

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CN101836052A
CN101836052A CN200880112834A CN200880112834A CN101836052A CN 101836052 A CN101836052 A CN 101836052A CN 200880112834 A CN200880112834 A CN 200880112834A CN 200880112834 A CN200880112834 A CN 200880112834A CN 101836052 A CN101836052 A CN 101836052A
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heat exchanger
combustion chamber
exchanger element
burner
combustion
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F·格伦
P·蒂森
J·范佩特盖姆
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Bekaert Combustion Technology BV
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Bekaert Combustion Technology BV
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/08—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by varying the cross-section of the flow channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/022—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being wires or pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F28F3/048—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/12—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种新型热交换器元件，包括具有向外弯曲或成脊的燃烧器表面的预混合型燃烧器。该热交换器元件进一步包括燃烧室。该燃烧室的一边被燃烧器限定，并且进一步由水冷金属壁构成，该水冷金属壁起始于燃烧器并沿下游方向，先变宽后变窄至通常的热交换器元件的宽度。这为完全燃烧创造了足够的空间，避免了死角和二次循环或燃烧反应的过早结束，从而实现了NOx和CO的低排放。

Description

用于低CO和NOx排放燃烧器的具有燃烧室的热交换器元件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有燃烧室的热交换器元件，用于锅炉和采暖设备的热交换器。更具体的说本发明涉及一种具有燃烧室和CO和Nox的形成很少的大负载预混合型燃烧器的热交换器元件。
背景技术
向外弯曲或具有脊部的预混合型燃烧器膜片，例如本申请人在WO2004/092647中记载的，尤其是具有双脊部的燃烧器膜已经被证明在大负载预混合型设备中非常有效。向外弯曲的燃烧器表面和具有脊部的燃烧器表面产生的火焰模式由横向延伸的火焰前缘限定。这些燃烧器膜被设计用于大负载燃烧并产生CO和Nox很少。然而，当这些燃烧器安装在燃烧室中时，仍然会由于燃烧室中可利用的燃烧容积和/或燃烧室的内部设计而达到较高水平的CO和NOx。当火焰直接接触冷表面时会产生高的CO值，从而过早的结束燃烧反应。在大多数现有技术热交换器的V型燃烧空间中，V型火焰直接在V型燃烧空间的冷壁面上燃烧。在这样的V型燃烧空间里，在顶部直接在燃烧器火焰之外总会产生死区。另一方面，当例如由不规则形状燃烧空间(死角)引起的热烟气的二次循环导致的烟气过热时，会产生高的NOx值。因此，这些限制阻碍了燃烧室的紧凑性，不管燃烧器膜紧凑与否。
想要得到这样一种燃烧室，其中在可达到的最小体积中确保完全燃烧，而不生成不想要的燃烧产物。
发明内容
本发明一方面提供一种新型热交换器元件，其包括一个具有向外弯曲或具有脊部的燃烧器表面的预混合型燃烧器。优选地，预混合型燃烧器为金属制预混合型燃烧器，更为优选地，该预混合型燃烧器为金属纤维预混合型燃烧器。优选地，燃烧器表面按照WO 2004/092647成型，但类似的燃烧器膜形状也是可以的。该热交换器元件进一步包括燃烧室。该燃烧室在一侧由燃烧器限制边界，并且进一步由水冷金属壁构成，该水冷金属壁先变宽后变窄至通常的热交换器元件的宽度。这为完全燃烧创造了足够的空间，从而实现了NOx和CO的低排放。
向外弯曲的燃烧器表面和具有脊部的燃烧器表面产生的火焰模式由横向延伸的火焰前缘限定。优选地，在燃烧室的第一部分(直接位于燃烧器的后面)，燃烧室沿火焰形状张开。优选地，在横向火焰前缘后端的水平面上，燃烧室向下变窄，优选地是逐渐变窄，至惯常换热器元件烟气道的宽度。这样横向火焰前缘和热烟气与冷却的侧壁完美的对准，而不产生可能发生二次循环的死角，并且避免了导致燃烧反应的过早结束的火焰在水冷金属壁上的直接燃烧。
作为优选的实施方式，燃烧室具有一个郁金香形的或水滴状的截面，更优选地是准循火焰模式并使火焰平均地弯曲，不产生突然的变化。由于避免了死角和/或二次循环，这种燃烧室宽度在下游方向上的平滑过渡在燃烧室中的可达到的最小体积内提供完全燃烧。
优选地，本发明的热交换器元件由铝或铝合金制造而成。
当描述本发明的热交换器元件时，除非在文中有另外的指示，涉及的术语按以下定义解释：
在此使用的术语“横向”(lateral)，应被理解为当面向截面时相对于中线的侧面，中线位于中心部。
术语“弯曲的”应被理解为无角部的弯曲，术语“具有脊部”应被理解为包含至少一个突起。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一种热交换器元件的示意图。
图2为图1沿线II-II’的截面图，其中结合有燃烧器。
图3A示出了典型的单脊(优选为金属纤维)燃烧器的V形火焰前缘。图3B示出了典型的双脊(优选为金属纤维)燃烧器的W形火焰前缘。
图4为本发明另外一种热交换器元件的示意图。
图5为图4沿线V-V’的截面图。附图标记10热交换器元件12燃烧室14具有脊部的燃烧器表面16水冷壁18长条翅片20烟气道22销24热交换器扩展结构26火焰前缘
具体实施方式
图1和2示出了一种热交换器元件10。燃烧室12从燃烧器向下游变宽，优选地设计成类似郁金香或水滴的形状。在这一典型实施例中，燃烧室12的内部设计中还包括位于其内部水冷壁16上的长条翅片18，用来排出来自烟气大部分的热量。这种郁金香形状在使用WO2004/092647中所记载类型的燃烧器时似乎特别有益。如图所示，郁金香状形状被描述如下：燃烧器室12被单脊燃烧器14限定边界，从那向后燃烧室12变宽接着向下变窄至烟气道20的宽度。这种特殊形状被特别设计来适应横向火焰模式，其示例火焰模式如图3A、3B所示，图3A为单脊燃烧器膜，图3B为双脊燃烧器膜，它使火焰平均地弯曲而不产生突然地改变。这为完全燃烧提供了适当的空间，从而达到NOx和CO的低排放，也得到了一种非常紧凑的设计。燃烧室被成形为可实现Nox量＜35mg/kWh，CO量＜45mg/kWh。
在图1、2中的第一实施例中，一种30kW的单脊预混合型金属纤维燃烧器(Bekaert
Figure GPA00001118514600031
燃烧器)在0.75L的燃烧室中完全燃烧且具有低NOx和CO的生成物。这种燃烧室的特定负载为40kW/L。
图4和5所示为另一种热交换器元件，其具有圆形截面。预混合型燃烧器也是圆形燃烧器，例如市场上已有的Bekaert燃烧器，其具有一个被圆化的脊部。热交换器元件被制成与图1所示相同但是为圆化形式的，图5所示的烟气道中使用环形翅片代替了图2中的销22，这对于节省空间的技术方案来说是非常好的选择。这种特定实施方式中，燃烧器在1.0L的燃烧器室中负载为40kW。该燃烧室的特定负载为40kW/L。

Claims (10)

1.一种热交换器元件(10)，其包括预混合型燃烧器(14)，其中所述燃烧器(14)具有向外弯曲或具有脊部的燃烧器表面，所述热交换器元件还包括被所述燃烧器(14)和烟气道(20)限定边界的燃烧室(12)，所述燃烧室(12)首先从所述燃烧器表面向下游方向变宽然后变窄至所述烟气道(20)。
2.如权利要求1所述的热交换器元件(10)，其中在工作时，所述向外弯曲或具有脊部的燃烧器表面产生火焰模式，所述火焰模式具有横向延伸的火焰前缘(26)，并且其中所述燃烧室(12)的变宽初始依循着所述横向延伸的火焰前缘(26)。
3.如权利要求2所述的热交换器元件(10)，其中所述燃烧室(12)进一步向下游方向使火焰均匀地弯曲，而不使所述横向延伸的火焰前缘(26)发生突然的变化。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的热交换器元件(10)，所述燃烧室(12)具有郁金香或水滴形状的横截面。
5.如以上任意一项权利要求所述的热交换器元件(10)，其中所述热交换器元件由包括铝的金属制成，优选地，所述热交换器(10)由铝或铝合金制成。
6.如在以上任意一项权利要求所述的热交换器元件(10)，其中所述燃烧室(12)包括纵向翅片(18)，所述纵向翅片(18)依循着所述燃烧室的内部形状。
7.如以上任意一项权利要求所述的热交换器元件(10)，其中所述烟气道(20)包括被销住的翅片，优选地，所述被销住的翅片下游方向是伸长的。
8.一种用于热交换器元件(10)的燃烧室(12)，其适于与预混合型燃烧器一起工作，所述燃烧器具有向外弯曲的燃烧器表面，其中所述燃烧室首先向下游方向变宽然后变窄至烟气道，优选地，所述燃烧室具有郁金香或水滴形状的横截面。
9.一种具有如权利要求1-8任一项所述的热交换器元件(10)的冷凝式燃气锅炉。
10.一种燃烧空气和燃气混合物的燃烧方法，其中在郁金香或水滴状的燃烧室中发生燃烧。
CN200880112834A 2007-10-25 2008-10-08 用于低CO和NOx排放燃烧器的具有燃烧室的热交换器元件 Pending CN101836052A (zh)

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EP07119275 2007-10-25
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EP08163017.0 2008-08-27
EP08163017 2008-08-27
PCT/EP2008/063463 WO2009053247A1 (en) 2007-10-25 2008-10-08 Heat exchanger element with a combustion chamber for a low co and nox emission combustor

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Application publication date: 20100915