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CN101821008A - Articles, devices and methods - Google Patents

Articles, devices and methods Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101821008A
CN101821008A CN200880112261A CN200880112261A CN101821008A CN 101821008 A CN101821008 A CN 101821008A CN 200880112261 A CN200880112261 A CN 200880112261A CN 200880112261 A CN200880112261 A CN 200880112261A CN 101821008 A CN101821008 A CN 101821008A
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Prior art keywords
article
test window
dyes
detector
fluid
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Pending
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CN200880112261A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
R·A·波蒂雷洛
S·M·博耶特
G·A·约翰逊
W·G·莫里斯
R·J·弗罗琴斯基
A·M·利奇
P·米勒
C·肖
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to CN201510622869.4A priority Critical patent/CN105289765A/en
Publication of CN101821008A publication Critical patent/CN101821008A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/03Cuvette constructions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/02Adapting objects or devices to another
    • B01L2200/025Align devices or objects to ensure defined positions relative to each other
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/14Process control and prevention of errors
    • B01L2200/141Preventing contamination, tampering
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/14Process control and prevention of errors
    • B01L2200/143Quality control, feedback systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/02Identification, exchange or storage of information
    • B01L2300/021Identification, e.g. bar codes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0809Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped
    • B01L2300/0816Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0861Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
    • B01L2300/0864Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices comprising only one inlet and multiple receiving wells, e.g. for separation, splitting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/16Surface properties and coatings
    • B01L2300/168Specific optical properties, e.g. reflective coatings
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/03Cuvette constructions
    • G01N2021/0325Cells for testing reactions, e.g. containing reagents
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/03Cuvette constructions
    • G01N2021/0346Capillary cells; Microcells
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/03Cuvette constructions
    • G01N2021/0378Shapes
    • G01N2021/0382Frustoconical, tapered cell

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
  • Optical Measuring Cells (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)

Abstract

An article includes a substrate assembly for a detector system. The substrate assembly includes a substrate; a sample receiving structure secured to the substrate; a test window extending through the substrate; and a fluidic channel defined by a surface of the substrate and extending from the sample receiving structure to the test window. The test window is transparent to light of a particular wavelength, such as ultraviolet light.

Description

Goods, apparatus and method
Cross-reference to related applications
The application is the non-provisional application that requires the priority of the interim U.S. Patent application 60/955,823 submitted to August in 2007 14, and its disclosure is attached to herein by reference.
Technical background
Technical field
The present invention includes and relate to goods that are used for detector means and the embodiment that relates to detector means.The present invention includes the embodiment that relates to the method for using goods or detector means.
Technical discussion
The microfluid detector system can be analyzed the small amount of sample of drawing-in system.Sample can comprise the analyte of one or more concerns.The microfluid detector system can have a plurality of parts, comprises that the response detected parameters changes the propulsion plant of analyte, current control, stream adjusting parts, the energy and detector.Propulsion plant can be pump, and current control can comprise valve and filter, and stream is regulated parts can comprise heater and cooler, and detector can comprise optics, thermal and electrochemical detector.
The microfluid detector system can use fluid pump and/or syringe, but a certain amount of sample is provided to the wherein pilot region of test specimen.Move and the metering sample and between using cleaning and the pipe in washing test zone and/or the complexity of automation may become problem.In addition, the microfluid detector system may be heavy dimensionally, and may the light and open-air use of incompatibility.
Therefore, can desirably have and have the character that is different from the present available apparatus or the property of system and the device or the system of characteristic.Can desirably have the method that is different from present methods availalbe.
Summary of the invention
In one embodiment, a kind of goods comprise the substrate sub-assembly that is used for detector system.The substrate sub-assembly comprises substrate; Be fixed to the sample reception structure of substrate; Extend through the test window of substrate; And the fluid passage, described fluid passage is limited by the surface of substrate, and extends to the test window from sample reception structure.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a kind of and device article combination.Device comprises the shell with inner surface, and inner surface limits the chamber that can hold goods, the energy and detector.The energy and detector are aimed at at least one test window of goods when goods are accommodated in the shell chamber.
The accompanying drawing summary
Fig. 1 illustrative is according to the substrate sub-assembly of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 illustrative is according to another substrate sub-assembly of one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
The present invention includes and relate to the embodiment of goods that contains the sample of analyte for test. Goods can place the detector of test product.
Term used herein " can " and " can for " be illustrated in one group of situation the possibility that regulation character, characteristic or function occur, have, and/or modify another verb by expressing one or more abilities, performance or the possibility relevant with the modification verb. Therefore, " can " and the use of " can for " represent the term modified obviously suitably, can or ability, function or the use of suitable appointment, although consider in some cases, the term of modification may not be suitably sometimes, can or be fit to.
Term " transparent " is defined as transmission greater than 90% appointment electromagnetic radiation.If do not stipulate electromagnetic radiation or energy, then refer to visible light.Term used herein " fluid " comprises liquid, steam or the gas that is fit to environment, and can refer to be fit to aqueous specimen, oil base sample and the biologically-derived fluid of environment.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a kind of goods, described goods comprise the substrate sub-assembly that is used for detector system.The substrate sub-assembly comprises substrate, is fixed to the sample reception structure of substrate and extends through the test window of substrate.The fluid passage is limited by the surface of substrate.The fluid passage extends to the test window from sample reception structure.
According to the type of fluid that will take a sample these factors of type, can form suitable substrate by inorganic material or organic material with the analyte that will measure.In one embodiment, substrate comprises ultraviolet (UV) transparent material.A kind of suitable substrate material can comprise quartz material.In one embodiment, substrate can be at least 99% opaque in the substrate region that is not in test window zone.
Suitable polymeric material as substrate can comprise polyolefin, siloxanes, Merlon or PEI.The polyolefin that is fit to can comprise polyethylene, polypropylene or its halide derivative.Other substrates can maybe can disperse for solvable, degradable; These substrates can be formed by hydroxy propyl cellulose or low-molecular-weight (MW) polyethylene glycol.
In some cases, the shaping of goods can influence performance.At least formed article can with the receiving unit relative configurations of detector.A kind of suitable shape can be polygon.The polygon goods can limit three or more angles.By arranging at least one angle, the bootable substrate sub-assembly of user is located in detector system.The substrate sub-assembly is measured accuracy and repeatability with respect to the energy and detector to improving.Substrate can have the surface that limits one or more holes, and these holes can make the position alignment of substrate sub-assembly in detector system.
Sample reception structure can be configured as to be influenced the fluid inflow and passes through passage.Sample reception structure has inner surface, and inner surface limits a plurality of fluid issuings that are coupled to stream.In one embodiment, sample reception structure can have oval cross section, circular cross section or polygon cross section.The selection of sample reception structure structure can influence these parameters, as flow, fluid distribution, flow velocity and sample size.Inner surface can have the frusto-conical that is limited by sidewall, and other sidewall direction also can be used.The gradient of sidewall, texture and composition can influence above definite parameter.
About the test window, suitable test window can be transparent to the electromagnetic radiation of measuring wavelength.In one embodiment, the test window has wide in about 90% transparency for about 463 nanometers, 525 nanometers, 630 nanometers or 780 nano wave lengths.In another embodiment, the test window has wide in about 90% transparency for greater than about 420 nano wave lengths.In another embodiment, the test window has wide in about 90% transparency for less than about 900 nano wave lengths.In another embodiment, the test window has wide in about 90% transparency for greater than about 220 nano wave lengths.
The test window can comprise functionalized surfaces.Functionalized surfaces can have hydroxyl, silanol, amine or aldehyde side group.Can make hydrogel be fixed to functionalized surfaces.Hydrogel can comprise and is selected from two or more the material of copolymer of poly-(methacrylic acid hydroxyl ethyl ester), poly-(acrylic acid), poly-(methacrylic acid), poly-(glyceral methacrylate), poly-(vinyl alcohol), poly-(oxirane), poly-(acrylamide), poly-(N acrylamide), poly-(N, N-dimethylaminopropyl-N '-acrylamide), poly-(aziridine), poly-(acrylic acid) sodium, poly-(acrylic acid) potassium, polysaccharide and poly-(vinyl pyrrolidone) or its.Hydrogel layer can have greater than about 0.1 micron thickness.Hydrogel layer can have less than about 200 microns thickness.In one embodiment, hydrogel layer thickness can be about 1 micron to about 50 microns, about 50 microns to about 100 microns, or about 100 microns to about 200 microns.
In one embodiment, the test window comprises film.Film can comprise one or more reactive materials.In one embodiment, film comprises or is hydrogel layer.Film can further comprise photoreactivity material and one or more modifier.Modifier can change one or more film in response, and one or more pay close attention to selectivity, the dynamic range of film in response, the detection limit of film in response, the spectral color of film in response, the stability of film in response, the linearity of film in response or the response time of film of analyte.
Reactive materials can with at least a hydrogen ion, hydroxyl ion, halogen ion, metal ion or monomer reaction.Metal ion can comprise calcium or magnesium.Other metal ions can comprise aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, iron, manganese or zinc.Reactive materials can react with at least a carbanion, bicarbonate ion, phosphate anion, orthophosphite ions, sulfate ion or sulfite ion.Reactive materials can react with at least a polyacrylic acid, poly-sulfonated monomer (polysufonated monomer) or maleic anhydride.Reactive materials can react with anionic polymer.Reactive materials can react with biological agent or bioactivator.
Reactive materials can comprise the analyte specical regent.The compound that " analyte specical regent " used herein changes for any other optical property that shows that colorimetric, light are sold off, phototropic, thermo-color, fluorescence, elastic scattering, inelastic scattering, polarization and being used to detects physics, chemistry and biological substance.The analyte specical regent can comprise metal complex or salt, organic and inorganic dyestuff or pigment, nanocrystal, nano particle, quantum dot, organic fluorescence group, inorganic fluorophore and combination thereof.
Suitable reactive materials can comprise one or more organic dyestuff, organic fluorescence group, fluorescent dye, IR absorbing dye, UV absorbing dye, metachromatic stain, phototropic dyestuff, thermochromic dye or sulfonephthalein dyestuff.Suitable reactive materials can comprise one or more bromopyrogallol reds, xylidyl blue I, chlorophosphonazo III, bright green, rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G, eosin, the red B of flame, acridine orange, acridine red, ethyl red, methyl red, iodate 3,3 '-diethyl sulfide carbon cyanines, iodate 3,3 '-diethyl oxygen two carbon cyanines, merocyanine dye, methylenum careuleum, bromthymol blue, bromocresol green or phenol blue.Suitable reactive materials can comprise one or more acridine dyes, anthracene dyes, azo dyes, catechol dyestuff, cyanine dyes, oxazine dye, oxonol dye, phthalocyanine dye, phenthazine dyestuff, porphyrin dye, styryl color, triarylmethane dye, thiazine dye, triphenhlmethane dye or xanthene dye.Suitable reactive materials can comprise the antisense RNA of one or more Cy3 green fluorescence dyestuffs, Cy5 red fluorescence dyestuff, Cy5 mark.Suitable reactive materials can comprise one or more antibody, enzyme, nucleic acid, adaptive enzyme (aptazyme) or aptamers.
Suitable reactive materials can comprise that one or more can become blue gold nano grain label from redness when gold nano grain is assembled.Suitable reactive materials can comprise the silver-colored stain that can make the dyeing of gold nano grain label.Suitable reactive materials can comprise one or more glycol, alkyl ether or vinyl alcohol.
Reactive materials can comprise metal complex and dyestuff.Metal complex can have higher selectivity to analyte (phosphate in one case).The example that is fit to metal complex can comprise zinc complex and cobalt complex.Metal complex can comprise at least a can with the ligand of metal cation coordination.Can select the metal ligand complex compound,, cause the anion of the concrete shape of selective binding so that it provides some how much priorities.The example that is fit to ligand comprises pyridine, amine and any other nitrogenous ligand.In one embodiment, use the double-core zinc complex of (2, two (two (2-pyridylmethyl) the amino methyl)-4-methylphenols of 6-) ligand as reactive materials.
The metal developing dye uses with metal complex.Some examples of the metal developing dye that can use with metal complex comprise catechol dyestuff, triphenhlmethane dye, thiazine dye, oxazine dye, anthracene dyes, azo dyes, phthalocyanine dye and the combination of two or more thereof.Some instantiations of metal developing dye include but not limited to pyrocatechol violet, murexide, arsenazo I, arsenazo III, antipyrine azo III, azo 1 (Azol), blue K, the BATA (bis-amino phenoxy group tetraacethyl) of acid chrome black, chromotropic acid and XB-I (3-(3-(2,4-3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamoyl)-2 hydroxy naphthalene)-1-base-azo)-4-hydroxy benzene sulfonic acid and sodium salt.
Suitable metachromatic stain can comprise the dye of positive ion with phenthazine structure.Be fit to the phenthazine dyestuff and can comprise dimethylated methylene indigo plant, alkali blue 17 and new methylene blue N.The structure example of some suitable dyestuffs is shown in the table 1.
Table 1. metachromatic stain
Figure GPA00001103599700061
The added substance that comprises in the reactive materials on the test window comprises for example pH modifier, and pH modifier is as buffer, and the pH level is remained on constant pH.Selection pH modifier depends on the character of used analyte specical regent, but pH modifier can comprise acid, alkali or salt.
Other added substances can comprise the signal reinforcing agent.The signal reinforcing agent can be sheltered the free isopolymolybdate that may be difficult to from the differentiation of phosphomolybdate material.If do not shelter, free isopolymolybdate can form ion pair with dyestuff, causes because independent phosphate produces stronger background signal or reduces signal.The example that is fit to the signal reinforcing agent includes but not limited to oxalic acid, sulfonic acid, oxalates, sulfonate and the combination of two or more thereof.
Surfactant can be joined reactive materials.The surfactant that is fit to comprises quaternary ammonium salt.This type of salt can comprise bromination cetyl trimethyl ammonium, chlorination three (dodecyl) ammonium methyl and Tetrabutylammonium bromide.
In one embodiment, in order to strengthen signal, can add polymer.The polymer concentrates that can have the measurement range amount.Can add dyestuff perchloric acid 2-(2-(3-((1,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-1-propyl group-2H-indoles-2-subunit) ethidine)-2-phenoxy group-1-cyclohexene-1-yl) vinyl)-3 together, 3-dimethyl-1-propyl indole.This dyestuff is buied as IR 768 perchlorate.Be fit to the polymer adding and can comprise NAFION film or the another kind of PEM of buying.
About the fluid passage, passage has certain altitude, width and length.Can select height and width, with the flow velocity that passes through of control fluid, and fluid has the viscosity and the surface tension of measurement range in one group of measurement operation condition.The fluid passage can be further defined as the inner surface of the coating of paddle-tumble in substrate.Coating can be formed by such material, and described material makes the fluid passage inner surface can control the flow velocity that fluid passes through through selecting, and wherein fluid has the viscosity and the surface tension of measurement range in one group of measurement operation condition.
The fluid passage can be one of a plurality of circulation roads, each circulation road of a plurality of circulation roads has certain-length, this length is through selecting, the flowing time with the decision fluid from sample reception structure to the test window, and fluid has the viscosity and the surface tension of measurement range in one group of measurement operation condition.
In one embodiment, the fluid passage limits the stream that does not have right-angled bend and do not have acute angle to turn.In addition, the fluid passage can limit the stream that produces arc turning.The fluid passage can limit at least one root stream and at least two Arius roads, and the Arius road has the flow for root stream flow mark respectively, and each Arius road flow is through selecting, so that the measured quantity sample is provided to the test window.For single stream, the Arius road can have the flow different with at least one other Arius road.In one embodiment, fluid is only because capillarity is mobile in passage.Perhaps, fluid moves or is pushed by centrifugal action.In addition, can apply dynamic pressure by the post height of sample fluid in the sample reception structure.
The substrate sub-assembly can comprise the evaluation section.The section of identifying that is fit to can be for having the colorimetric zone of measuring look, holographic label, bar code (2D or 3D) or embedding formula chip.In one embodiment, identify that section is rfid device (RFID).RFID can be active or passive device, and can communicate by letter in detector means with the RFID reader.
The substrate sub-assembly can have " the previous use " sign that is fixed to above it.The previous sign of using can be used for discerning the substrate sub-assembly that had before used.The previous use sign that is fit to can comprise optical region, and this optical region irreversibly changes its optical property after being exposed to test specimen.Also comprise and distort identification function as the previous sign of using.This previous sign of using can be included in the structural gas tight seal film of air reactive, and the removal that wherein enters the required film of one or more test windows also makes structure be exposed to atmospheric gas, but with the optical change of the change detected that causes structure-for example.State as the previous use sign of " using " or " not using " can detect by the sensor in the detector means.
Goods can have the fluid over-flow structure.The fluid over-flow structure can be communicated with test window fluid, but is coupled to sample reception structure at least.The fluid over-flow structure can guarantee working sample amount rather than more test fluid are provided to the test window by sample reception structure.
In one aspect, embodiment of the present invention provide and can hold the goods device of (comprising the substrate sub-assembly).Constitute another embodiment of the invention with the device of article combination.Device can comprise the shell with inner surface.Inner surface can be defined as a certain size and shape to hold at least a portion chamber of goods.Device can comprise the energy and detector.The energy and detector are aimed at at least one test window of goods when goods are accommodated in the shell chamber.
Device can comprise a plurality of horizontal regulation mechanisms.Can operate this mechanism, to regulate substrate sub-assembly level in the shell chamber.Make substrate sub-assembly balance can promote sample fluid steadily, evenly and/or suitably to be assigned to the test window by sample channel from sample reception structure.
Device can be included as device and provide the circuit of electric power from battery, power supply adaptor or both.Simultaneously, circuit can be from the battery mode dynamic translation to the power supply adaptor pattern, and without the abort step, if this step is underway during powering mode changes.
Device can comprise display screen.Display screen can by with the test window on the relevant detector of test specimen or the information of being correlated with or both with unit state show read message.
The embodiment of device can comprise hinged lid.The surface of lid can limit the part of shell chamber.Lid can comprise some opticses of device.If time set is provided, then is fit to the position and can comprises lid.It is quantitative that timer can be used for dynamics.The optics that is fit to can comprise the electromagnetic-energy of sensor and/or coupling.The electromagnetic-energy that is fit to can comprise heating rod, lamp (for example tungsten lamp), ultraviolet source, light emitting diode (red, green and/or blue), Organic Light Emitting Diode and laser diode.Other electromagnetic-energies that are fit to are listed in the table 2.
Table 2. energy
The source Emission spectrum scope (nm)
?? Continuous wave source
Xenon arc lamp ??200-1000
Mercury-arc lamp ??250-600
Deuterium lamp ??180-420
Tungsten lamp ??320-2500
Light emitting diode Different diodes covers about 250 to 1500nm
Diode laser Different diode lasers covers about 400 to 1500nm
Argon laser Several lines, 350-514nm
Helium-neon laser Several lines, 543-633nm
Krypton laser Several lines, 530-676nm
?? Clock
Nitrogen laser ??337nm
Nd:YAG laser Substantially-1064, frequency multiplication-532, frequency tripling-355
Ti: sapphire laser 720-1000, frequency multiplication 360-500
Dye laser 360-990, frequency multiplication 235 to 345
Be fit to sensor or detector and can comprise photodetector, photomultiplier, charge coupled device etc.The example of detector comprises vacuum or solid-state and list or multichannel detector.Vacuum detector is photoelectric tube and photomultiplier (PMT).Solid-state detector comprises photodiode, photodiode array, charge coupled device (CCD), charge injecting device (CID) and avalanche photodide.Multichannel detector comprises independent array of detectors, as photodiode array, PMT array.CCD, CID, CMOS and other types multichannel detector also can utilize, and can suitably use.
Electromagnetic-energy (being sometimes referred to as light source in this article) can select and with the sensors coupled that is fit to so that sample fluid contacts the amount or the type of the energy that can influence light emitted with reactive materials,, and receive by sensor with the reactive materials interaction.Reactive materials can react in sample fluid (liquid, steam or gas) with analyte.That reaction can increase the light by reactive materials, can reduce the light quantity by reactive materials, perhaps can change the light wavelength by sample.That reaction also can increase the light that reflects reactive materials, can reduce to reflect the light quantity of reactive materials, perhaps can change the light wavelength that reflects sample.In addition, contact can cause the signaling molecule in the reactive materials to send fluorescence in the presence of analyte from the energy in source.
According to the selection of source, detector and reactive materials, also other effects can take place, as in the presence of analyte Raman scattering taking place.For this embodiment, during flowing to reactive materials by passage, sample fluid collects Raman-active species by analyte.In this way, Raman-active particle (or another kind can be measured/the detectable signal transduction agent) separates with test window physics, is sent to the there unless carry by analyte.
About notch discussed above or structure substrate, device can comprise the projection of the notch that limits corresponding to the some parts by the substrate sub-assembly.Projection contacts with notch and makes the substrate sub-assembly indoor at definite position and direction aligning at shell.
Device can comprise Di Hegai.Lid can be hinged at the end.When the closed qualification of lid shell chamber, the surface of lid and the surface at the end can cooperatively interact.
Lid can comprise optics.Optics can comprise the energy and detector.In one embodiment, lid comprises one or more detectors, and the end comprises the energy.The energy can be provided to detector with electromagnetic energy.Perhaps, the end, comprise one or more detectors, and lid comprises the energy.The surperficial separately available mensuration light path that extends through the test window of lid and bottom limits at least one test tank.
Device also can comprise test tank length calibrating installation.Calibrating installation can be adjacent with at least one test tank, but and the length in determination test pond.But service range is measured generating laser/detector.Further about calibration, the substrate sub-assembly can comprise blank or the calibration test window that at least one test tank extends through.Available additional testing pond is as reference, and that test tank does not extend through the test window.During operation, but other parameters of the measuring accuracy or the degree of accuracy are aimed at and can be influenced to device sensing and/or monitoring test pond length, substrate sub-assembly.Monitoring can dynamically be carried out.
Sample size abundance testing fixture can be included in described device or the substrate sub-assembly, and can link to each other with sample reception structure or with the test window.As its name suggests, can detect the sample flow scale of construction improperly by testing fixture.Although the overflow structure can guarantee not use too many sample, testing fixture may be useful to small amount of sample fluid insufficiently.
Some reactive materials may need the time to finish reaction.Other reactive materials can be favourable by the energy drives reactions change that applies.If used reactive materials need add the abundant complete reaction of thermosetting, then can provide and test the thermal source of window thermal communication.During operant response, thermal source can be provided to heat energy the test window.Can use resistance coil, heating rod or infrared radiation source.
For live organism wherein may contact device embodiment, particularly shell chamber surface, antimicrobial coatings is arranged on the inner surface of shell chamber.Antimicrobial coatings can be continuous, and the energy transparent of paying close attention to by the energy and detector the time.When sample fluid includes harmful substances (for example chemical weapons, toxin, agrochemical), can use opposing harmful substance or coating that can decomposing harmful substances.
Further about optics, light source can produce the electromagnetic energy that can be detected or can be excited the fluorescent material of arranging by detector on the test window.Light source can be light emitting diode, Organic Light Emitting Diode or laser diode.Light emitting diode, Organic Light Emitting Diode or laser diode can be the part of complexes.These complexes can be launched the light of redness, green and blue wavelength region.Another kind of light source can be ultra violet light emitter.Another kind of light source can be infrared transmitter.Device can comprise the combination of these light sources of finishing different tests respectively.
The detector that is fit to can be ultraviolet, visible or infrared detector as required.In one embodiment, detector is charge coupled device (CCD).In one embodiment, detector is a photomultiplier.Detector can make and pass through the test window from the energy of energy emission through location and directed, with the sensitive thin film effect, and passes to detector.Perhaps, detector can make and pass through the test window from the energy of energy emission through location and directed, with the sensitive thin film effect, and transfers back to detector.When the test sensitive thin film, the energy and detector can be on the same side of test window, and perhaps when the test sensitive thin film, the energy and detector can be on the opposite sides of test window.
In one embodiment, a light source and a plurality of detector can be arranged.A plurality of detectors can comprise spectroscopic detector simultaneously.
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 shows the goods 100 according to one embodiment of the invention.Goods comprise substrate sub-assembly 102.Substrate sub-assembly 102 comprises the substrate 104 with periphery edge 106.Periphery edge limits notch angle 108.The surface of substrate limits the first and second mating holes 110a, and 110b, mating holes locate and directed (see figure 3) the substrate sub-assembly in detector.Sample reception structure 120 approximately is positioned at substrate center.In the embodiment of explanation, sample reception structure is oblate or oval.A plurality of outlets 122 allow sample structure to be communicated with corresponding a plurality of fluid passages 130.At least some root fluid passages are divided into inferior passage 132.The fluid passage allows the sample reception structure fluid to be communicated to test window 140.
Sampling amount abundance test tank 150, reference test pond 152, previous sign 154 and the evaluation section 156 of using on substrate.
With reference to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 shows the goods 200 according to one embodiment of the invention.Goods comprise substrate sub-assembly 202.The substrate sub-assembly comprises the substrate 204 with periphery edge 206.Periphery edge limits notch angle 208.The surface of substrate limits the first and second mating holes 210a, and 210b, mating holes locate and directed (see figure 3) the substrate sub-assembly in detector.Sample reception structure 220 approximately is positioned at substrate center.In the embodiment of explanation, sample reception structure is oblate or oval.A plurality of outlets 222 allow sample structure to be communicated with corresponding a plurality of fluid passages 230.At least some root fluid passages are divided into inferior passage 232.The fluid passage allows the sample reception structure fluid to be communicated to test window 240.On substrate, provide and distort sign 254.
In the embodiment of this explanation, sample reception structure has circular cross section, or circle.The fluid passage is arc, and does not limit sharp comer or turning.In addition, the fluid passage has different width, so that the rate of flow of fluid and/or the fluid flow of different passages are passed through in control, and determines separate.In embodiment, can make fluid passage Cheng Jiao, measured quantity is mixed into fluid stream for choosing.
After use, can recover or dispose substrate.In the time of suitably, the inboard of shell can through cleaning, decontamination and sterilization.
Embodiment
The quantitative analysis of chemical substance (analyte) in the embodiment 1-water
Device can provide water analysis.Under the indoor no substrate sub-assembly of shell, add blank for device.After adding blank, it is indoor that the substrate sub-assembly is put into shell, and carry out zero reading or calibration.Then, water sample (<50 μ L volume) is applied on the substrate sub-assembly, enters sample reception structure.The substrate sub-assembly has a plurality of test windows, and the test window is included in the film that has the differential responses material on each window.Fluid moves through fluid flowing passage from sample reception structure, and the reactive materials film on the contact test window.After energy emission exposure in 2 minutes,, and detect by detector by test window, film, reactive materials and fluid sample.Carry out a Static Detection at a test window, then the time is carried out a series of detections by another test window after measured for dynamic data collection.The light quantity that detects is kept in the computer storage, is used for analyzing and estimating.
Carry out Ca at a test window 2+Measure.Reactive materials in the sensitive thin film is in conjunction with the Ca in the polymethylacrylic acid 2-hydroxy methacrylate hydrogel 2+Ion-sensitive dyestuff xylidyl blue.Be used for Ca 2+The calibration curve of measuring has and is used in organic developing dye fixing in the thin polymer film and measures cationic general shape.Calculate detection limit (at S/N=3) and be hundred very much (ppm) five.This detection limit is corresponding to the 0.023 trap unit resolution rate that obtains with the identical colorimetric film of comparable portable optical spectrometer.
In another test window, carry out the mensuration of chlorine in the water.Sample fluid contacts the another kind of reactive materials in other sensitive thin films, reactive materials comprise iodate 1 in the polymethylacrylic acid 2-hydroxy methacrylate hydrogel ', 1 '-diethyl-4,4 '-carbon cyanine dye.The calculating detection limit (at S/N=3) of chlorine measurement be 1,000,000,000 minutes (ppb) 200.
Embodiment 2-biological sampling
With the film preparation test window that wherein is combined with reactive materials.Reactive materials comprises biological identification molecule, this identification molecule by can be compound the sessile antibody of concern analyte.Another kind of test window has a kind of film, and it is right that described film comprises with the immobilized oligonucleotide alkali of concrete nucleic acid chains hybridization.Film comprises and is applicable to that ELISA measures (alkaline phosphate and horseradish peroxidase) and with the additional enzymes of the testing mechanism on fluorescence basis.Equally, fixating reagent comprises analyte or stimulates the co-factor of concrete enzymatic reaction.
Detector comprises commercially available bifurcation fiber reflective probe, and light source is a laser diode.
Sample fluid is added to sample reception structure makes the sample fluid that contains analyte of measured quantity flow to the test window by passage.The passage interfering material alternative and from sample fluid that is lined with the sessile antibody material reacts, and therefore will fix from the interfering material of sample fluid.The analyte that reaches the test window can react with fluorogen, therefore launches the light of independent optical wavelength when the long illumination of apparatus bulk wave is penetrated.Sensors/detectors is monitored the light of second wavelength then.Light quantity is based on the amount of analyte of the concrete concentration that exists in the sample.
Embodiment as herein described is to have corresponding to the goods of the key element of the key element of invention described in the claim, the example of system and method.This written explanation can make those of ordinary skill in the art arrange and use has the embodiment of selecting key element equally corresponding to the confession of the key element of invention described in the claim.Therefore, scope of the present invention comprises goods, the system and method that is not different from the claim literal language, and further comprises other goods, the system and method that does not have essential difference with the claim literal language.Though this paper only illustrates and describe some feature and embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the related art can carry out many modifications and variations.Accessory claim covers all such modifications and variation.

Claims (90)

1.一种制品,所述制品包括用于检测器系统的基片组合件,所述基片组合件包括:1. An article comprising a substrate assembly for a detector system, the substrate assembly comprising: 为用于检测器系统构造的基片;is a substrate for the construction of a detector system; 样品接收结构,所述样品接收结构固定到基片,或者整体由基片的一部分形成;a sample receiving structure secured to the substrate, or integrally formed from a portion of the substrate; 延伸通过基片的光透射试验窗;和a light transmission test window extending through the substrate; and 流体通道,所述流体通道由基片的表面限定,并且从样品接收结构延伸到试验窗。A fluid channel is defined by the surface of the substrate and extends from the sample receiving structure to the test window. 2.权利要求1的制品,其中基片包括对紫外辐射透明大于90%的材料。2. The article of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a material that is greater than 90 percent transparent to ultraviolet radiation. 3.权利要求1的制品,其中基片包括石英材料。3. The article of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a quartz material. 4.权利要求1的制品,其中基片包括选自聚烯烃、硅氧烷、聚碳酸酯和聚醚酰亚胺的聚合物材料。4. The article of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a polymeric material selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, silicones, polycarbonates, and polyetherimides. 5.权利要求1的制品,其中基片为选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯及其卤化衍生物的聚烯烃。5. The article of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a polyolefin selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, and halogenated derivatives thereof. 6.权利要求1的制品,其中基片具有限定三个或更多个角的多边形横截面,并且至少一个角布置成引导基片组合件在检测器系统中定位。6. The article of claim 1, wherein the substrate has a polygonal cross-section defining three or more corners, and at least one corner is arranged to guide the positioning of the substrate assembly in the detector system. 7.权利要求1的制品,其中基片具有限定一个或多个孔的表面,所述孔能够使基片组合件在检测器系统内的位置对准。7. The article of claim 1, wherein the substrate has a surface defining one or more apertures enabling positional alignment of the substrate assembly within the detector system. 8.权利要求1的制品,其中样品接收结构具有椭圆形横截面。8. The article of claim 1, wherein the sample receiving structure has an oval cross-section. 9.权利要求1的制品,其中样品接收结构具有圆形横截面或多边形横截面。9. The article of claim 1, wherein the sample receiving structure has a circular cross-section or a polygonal cross-section. 10.权利要求1的制品,其中样品接收结构具有内表面,内表面限定多个偶合到流路的流体出口。10. The article of claim 1, wherein the sample receiving structure has an inner surface defining a plurality of fluid outlets coupled to the flow path. 11.权利要求1的制品,其中内表面限定倒截头圆锥形状。11. The article of claim 1, wherein the inner surface defines an inverted frusto-conical shape. 12.权利要求1的制品,其中试验窗对测定波长的电磁辐射透明。12. The article of claim 1, wherein the test window is transparent to electromagnetic radiation of the measured wavelength. 13.权利要求12的制品,其中试验窗具有对于约463纳米、525纳米、630纳米或780纳米波长的光大于约90%的透明度。13. The article of claim 12, wherein the test window has a transparency of greater than about 90% for light having a wavelength of about 463 nanometers, 525 nanometers, 630 nanometers, or 780 nanometers. 14.权利要求1的制品,其中试验窗具有对于大于约420纳米波长的光大于约90%的透明度。14. The article of claim 1, wherein the test window has a transparency of greater than about 90% for light having a wavelength greater than about 420 nanometers. 15.权利要求1的制品,其中试验窗具有对于小于约900纳米波长的光大于约90%的透明度。15. The article of claim 1, wherein the test window has a transparency of greater than about 90% for light having a wavelength of less than about 900 nanometers. 16.权利要求1的制品,其中试验窗具有对于大于约220纳米波长的光大于约90%的透明度。16. The article of claim 1, wherein the test window has a transparency of greater than about 90% for light having a wavelength greater than about 220 nanometers. 17.权利要求1的制品,其中试验窗包括具有羟基、硅烷醇、胺或醛侧基的官能化表面。17. The article of claim 1, wherein the test window comprises a functionalized surface having hydroxyl, silanol, amine, or aldehyde pendant groups. 18.权利要求1的制品,所述制品进一步包括固定到官能化表面的水凝胶。18. The article of claim 1, further comprising a hydrogel affixed to the functionalized surface. 19.权利要求18的制品,其中水凝胶包括选自聚(甲基丙烯酸羟基乙酯)、聚(丙烯酸)、聚(甲基丙烯酸)、聚(甲基丙烯酸甘油酯)、聚(乙烯醇)、聚(环氧乙烷)、聚(丙烯酰胺)、聚(N-丙烯酰胺)、聚(N,N-二甲基氨基丙基-N′-丙烯酰胺)、聚(乙烯亚胺)、聚(丙烯酸)钠、聚(丙烯酸)钾、多糖和聚(乙烯基吡咯烷酮)或其两种或更多种的共聚物的物质。19. The article of claim 18, wherein the hydrogel comprises poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly(acrylic acid), poly(methacrylic acid), poly(glyceryl methacrylate), poly(vinyl alcohol) ), poly(ethylene oxide), poly(acrylamide), poly(N-acrylamide), poly(N,N-dimethylaminopropyl-N'-acrylamide), poly(ethyleneimine) , sodium poly(acrylate), potassium poly(acrylate), polysaccharides and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) or copolymers of two or more thereof. 20.权利要求18的制品,其中水凝胶层具有约0.1微米至约200微米的厚度。20. The article of claim 18, wherein the hydrogel layer has a thickness of from about 0.1 microns to about 200 microns. 21.权利要求1的制品,其中试验窗包括薄膜,并且薄膜包含反应性物质。21. The article of claim 1, wherein the test window comprises a film, and the film contains a reactive species. 22.权利要求21的制品,其中薄膜进一步包含光反应性物质和改性剂,所述改性剂能够改变一种或多种以下性质:22. The article of claim 21, wherein the film further comprises a photoreactive substance and a modifier capable of changing one or more of the following properties: 薄膜响应一种或多种关注分析物的选择性,selectivity of the membrane in response to one or more analytes of interest, 薄膜响应的动态范围,The dynamic range of the film response, 薄膜响应的检出限,The detection limit of the thin film response, 薄膜响应的光谱颜色,The spectral color of the film response, 薄膜响应的稳定性,Stability of thin film response, 薄膜响应的线性,或Linearity of thin film response, or 薄膜的响应时间。Thin film response time. 23.权利要求21的制品,其中试验窗包含能够与至少一种水合氢离子、氢氧离子、卤离子、金属离子或单体反应的反应性物质。23. The article of claim 21, wherein the test window comprises a reactive species capable of reacting with at least one of hydronium ions, hydroxide ions, halide ions, metal ions, or monomers. 24.权利要求23的制品,其中金属离子可包括钙或镁。24. The article of claim 23, wherein the metal ion comprises calcium or magnesium. 25.权利要求23的制品,其中金属离子包括铝、砷、镉、铜、铅、铁、锰或锌。25. The article of claim 23, wherein the metal ion comprises aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, iron, manganese, or zinc. 26.权利要求21的制品,其中试验窗包含能够与至少一种碳酸根离子、碳酸氢根离子、磷酸根离子、亚磷酸根离子、硫酸根离子或亚硫酸根离子反应的反应性物质。26. The article of claim 21, wherein the test window comprises a reactive material capable of reacting with at least one of carbonate ions, bicarbonate ions, phosphate ions, phosphite ions, sulfate ions, or sulfite ions. 27.权利要求21的制品,其中试验窗包含能够与生物剂或生物活性剂反应的反应性物质。27. The article of claim 21, wherein the test window comprises a reactive substance capable of reacting with the biological agent or bioactive agent. 28.权利要求21的制品,其中试验窗包含能够与聚丙烯酸、聚磺化单体或马来酸酐反应的反应性物质。28. The article of claim 21, wherein the test window comprises a reactive material capable of reacting with polyacrylic acid, polysulfonated monomers, or maleic anhydride. 29.权利要求21的制品,其中试验窗包含能够与阴离子型聚合物反应的反应性物质。29. The article of claim 21, wherein the test window comprises a reactive material capable of reacting with the anionic polymer. 30.权利要求21的制品,其中反应性物质包括一种或多种有机染料、有机荧光团、荧光染料、IR吸收染料、UV吸收染料、异染性染料、光变色染料、热变色染料或磺酞染料。30. The article of claim 21, wherein the reactive substance comprises one or more organic dyes, organic fluorophores, fluorescent dyes, IR absorbing dyes, UV absorbing dyes, metachromatic dyes, photochromic dyes, thermochromic dyes, or sulfur Phthalo dyes. 31.权利要求21的制品,其中反应性物质包括一种或多种溴邻苯三酚红、二甲苯胺蓝I、偶氮氯膦III、亮绿、若丹明B、若丹明6G、曙红、焰红B、吖啶橙、吖啶红、乙基红、甲基红、碘化3,3′-二乙基硫碳菁、碘化3,3′-二乙基氧二碳菁、份菁染料、亚甲蓝、溴百里酚蓝、溴甲酚绿或苯酚蓝。31. The article of claim 21, wherein the reactive material comprises one or more of bromopyrogallol red, xylidine blue I, chlorophosphine azo III, brilliant green, rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G, Eosin, flame red B, acridine orange, acridine red, ethyl red, methyl red, 3,3'-diethylthiocarbocyanine iodide, 3,3'-diethyloxydicarbonate iodide Cyanine, merocyanine dye, methylene blue, bromothymol blue, bromocresol green, or phenol blue. 32.权利要求21的制品,其中反应性物质包括一种或多种吖啶染料、蒽染料、偶氮染料、邻苯二酚染料、菁染料、噁嗪染料、氧杂菁染料、酞菁染料、吩噻嗪染料、卟啉染料、苯乙烯染料、三芳基甲烷染料、噻嗪染料、三苯基甲烷染料或呫吨染料。32. The article of claim 21, wherein the reactive material comprises one or more of acridine dyes, anthracene dyes, azo dyes, catechol dyes, cyanine dyes, oxazine dyes, oxonol dyes, phthalocyanine dyes , phenothiazine dyes, porphyrin dyes, styrene dyes, triarylmethane dyes, thiazine dyes, triphenylmethane dyes or xanthene dyes. 33.权利要求21的制品,其中反应性物质包括Cy3绿色荧光染料、Cy5红色荧光染料、Cy5标记的反义核糖核酸。33. The article of manufacture of claim 21, wherein the reactive substance comprises Cy3 green fluorescent dye, Cy5 red fluorescent dye, Cy5 labeled antisense ribonucleic acid. 34.权利要求21的制品,其中反应性物质包括一种或多种抗体、酶、核酸、适配酶或适配体。34. The article of manufacture of claim 21, wherein the reactive species comprises one or more antibodies, enzymes, nucleic acids, aptases, or aptamers. 35.权利要求21的制品,其中反应性物质包括能够在金纳米颗粒聚集时从红色变成蓝色的金纳米颗粒标记物。35. The article of claim 21, wherein the reactive species comprises a gold nanoparticle marker capable of changing from red to blue upon aggregation of the gold nanoparticles. 36.权利要求21的制品,其中反应性物质进一步包括能够使金纳米颗粒标记物染色的银染剂。36. The article of claim 21, wherein the reactive substance further comprises a silver stain capable of staining the gold nanoparticle marker. 37.权利要求21的制品,其中反应性物质包括二醇、烷基醚或乙烯醇。37. The article of claim 21, wherein the reactive material comprises a glycol, an alkyl ether, or vinyl alcohol. 38.权利要求21的制品,其中反应性物质选择性检测多于一种分析物物质。38. The article of claim 21, wherein the reactive species selectively detects more than one analyte species. 39.权利要求21的制品,其中反应性物质包括多于一种反应性物质类型,并且各反应性物质类型能够检测不同的分析物物质。39. The article of claim 21, wherein the reactive species comprises more than one reactive species type, and each reactive species type is capable of detecting a different analyte species. 40.权利要求21的制品,其中反应性物质进一步包括参比物质,以提供物质响应的参比值。40. The article of claim 21, wherein the reactive substance further comprises a reference substance to provide a reference value for the response of the substance. 41.权利要求40的制品,其中物质响应的参比值包括用于一种或多种物质厚度、物质老化条件、物质热历程、物质表面拓扑学或物质形态学的参数。41. The article of claim 40, wherein the reference value of the substance response comprises parameters for one or more of substance thickness, substance aging conditions, substance thermal history, substance surface topology, or substance morphology. 42.权利要求40的制品,其中物质响应的参比值包括用于分析物暴露期间一种或多种溶胀动力学、溶解动力学、降解动力学、老化动力学或动态响应的参数。42. The article of claim 40, wherein the reference value of the substance response comprises a parameter for one or more of swelling kinetics, dissolution kinetics, degradation kinetics, aging kinetics, or dynamic response during analyte exposure. 43.权利要求1的制品,其中流体通道具有一定高度、宽度和长度,并且高度和宽度经选择,以控制流体通过的流速,并且流体具有在一组测定操作条件内测定范围的粘度和表面张力。43. The article of claim 1, wherein the fluid channel has a certain height, width and length, and the height and width are selected to control the flow rate through which the fluid passes, and the fluid has a viscosity and surface tension measured within a set of measured operating conditions . 44.权利要求1的制品,其中流体通道包含物质,所述物质经选择,使得流体通道内表面能够控制流体通过的流速,并且流体具有在一组测定操作条件内测定范围的粘度和表面张力。44. The article of claim 1, wherein the fluid channel comprises a substance selected such that the inner surface of the fluid channel controls the flow rate of a fluid therethrough, and the fluid has a measured range of viscosity and surface tension over a measured set of operating conditions. 45.权利要求1的制品,其中流体通道为多个流通道之一,多个流通道的每个流通道具有一定长度,长度经选择,以决定流体从样品接收结构到试验窗的流动时间,并且流体具有在一组测定操作条件内测定范围的粘度和表面张力。45. The article of claim 1, wherein the fluid channel is one of a plurality of flow channels, each flow channel of the plurality of flow channels having a length selected to determine the flow time of the fluid from the sample receiving structure to the test window, And the fluid has a measured range of viscosity and surface tension over a set of measured operating conditions. 46.权利要求1的制品,其中流体通道限定没有直角转弯和没有锐角转弯的流路。46. The article of claim 1, wherein the fluid channel defines a flow path with no right-angle turns and no sharp-angle turns. 47.权利要求1的制品,其中流体通道限定产生弓形转弯的流路。47. The article of claim 1, wherein the fluid channel defines a flow path that creates an arcuate turn. 48.权利要求1的制品,其中流体通道限定至少一个根流路和至少两个亚流路,亚流路分别具有为根流路流量分数的流量,各亚流路流量经选择,以将测定量的样品提供到试验窗。48. The article of claim 1, wherein the fluid channel defines at least one root flow path and at least two sub-flow paths, the sub-flow paths each having a flow rate that is a fraction of the root flow path flow rate, each sub-flow path flow rate being selected so as to determine The amount of sample provided to the test window. 49.权利要求1的制品,其中对于单一根流路,至少一个亚流路具有与至少一个其他亚流路不同的流量。49. The article of claim 1, wherein for a single root flow path, at least one sub-flow path has a different flow rate than at least one other sub-flow path. 50.权利要求1的制品,其中流体只由于毛细管作用在通道中移动。50. The article of claim 1, wherein the fluid moves in the channel due to capillary action only. 51.权利要求1的制品,其中流体通过离心作用移动。51. The article of claim 1, wherein the fluid is moved by centrifugation. 52.权利要求1的制品,所述制品进一步包括鉴定区段。52. The article of claim 1, further comprising an identification segment. 53.权利要求52的制品,其中鉴定区段为测定比色区域。53. The article of claim 52, wherein the identification zone is an assay colorimetric zone. 54.权利要求52的制品,其中鉴定区段为射频识别装置。54. The article of claim 52, wherein the identification section is a radio frequency identification device. 55.权利要求1的制品,其中基片在不处于试验窗区域的基片区域为至少99%不透明。55. The article of claim 1, wherein the substrate is at least 99% opaque in areas of the substrate that are not in the area of the test window. 56.权利要求1的制品,所述制品进一步包括先前使用标识。56. The article of claim 1, further comprising a prior use indicator. 57.权利要求56的制品,其中先前使用标识为基片上的光学活性区域,所述光学活性区域在暴露于样品或大气后不可逆地改变光学性质。57. The article of claim 56, wherein the previous use marks are optically active regions on the substrate that irreversibly change optical properties upon exposure to the sample or atmosphere. 58.权利要求1的制品,所述制品进一步包括流体溢流结构,所述流体溢流结构能够从样品接收结构接收大于流体预定量的一定量流体。58. The article of claim 1, further comprising a fluid overflow structure capable of receiving an amount of fluid from the sample receiving structure that is greater than a predetermined amount of fluid. 59.权利要求58的制品,其中流体溢流结构与一个或多个试验窗流体连通。59. The article of claim 58, wherein the fluid overflow structure is in fluid communication with the one or more test windows. 60.一种装置,所述装置构造成容纳权利要求1的制品。60. A device configured to contain the article of claim 1. 61.一种装置,所述装置与权利要求1的制品组合。61. A device in combination with the article of claim 1. 62.权利要求61的装置,所述装置包括具有内表面的外壳,内表面限定能够容纳制品、能源和检测器的室,其中能源和检测器在制品被容纳在壳室时与制品的至少一个试验窗对准。62. The device of claim 61 , comprising a housing having an inner surface that defines a chamber capable of containing an article, an energy source, and a detector, wherein the energy source and the detector are in contact with at least one of the article when the article is housed in the housing. Test window alignment. 63.权利要求61的装置,所述装置包括多个水平调节机制,所述水平调节机制能够调节基片组合件在壳室中的水平。63. The apparatus of claim 61, said apparatus comprising a plurality of level adjustment mechanisms capable of adjusting the level of the substrate assembly within the chamber. 64.权利要求60的装置,所述装置包括为装置从至少一种电池或电源适配器提供电力的电路。64. The apparatus of claim 60, said apparatus comprising circuitry to provide power to the apparatus from at least one battery or a power adapter. 65.权利要求60的装置,所述装置包括显示屏,所述显示屏能够通过与试验窗上试验样品相关的检测器或与装置状态相关的信息或两者显示读信息。65. The device of claim 60, said device comprising a display screen capable of displaying readable information via detectors associated with the test sample on the test window or information related to the status of the device, or both. 66.权利要求60的装置,所述装置包括底和铰接到底的盖,并且盖的表面和底的表面相互配合,以限定壳室。66. The device of claim 60, said device comprising a base and a cover hinged to the base, and a surface of the cover and a surface of the base cooperate to define the housing. 67.权利要求66的装置,其中盖包含光学部件。67. The device of claim 66, wherein the cover contains optical components. 68.权利要求67的装置,其中盖包含一个或多个检测器,底包含能够将电磁能提供到检测器的能源。68. The device of claim 67, wherein the cover contains one or more detectors and the bottom contains an energy source capable of providing electromagnetic energy to the detectors. 69.权利要求67的装置,其中底包含一个或多个检测器,盖包含能够将电磁能提供到检测器的能源。69. The device of claim 67, wherein the base contains one or more detectors and the cover contains an energy source capable of providing electromagnetic energy to the detectors. 70.权利要求69的装置,其中盖和底的各自表面用延伸通过试验窗的测定光路限定至少一个试验池。70. The device of claim 69, wherein the respective surfaces of the cover and the base define at least one test cell with an assay light path extending through the test window. 71.权利要求70的装置,所述装置进一步包括试验池长度校准装置,所述校准装置与至少一个试验池相邻,并且能够测定试验池的长度。71. The apparatus of claim 70, further comprising a test cell length calibration device adjacent to at least one test cell and capable of determining the length of the test cell. 72.权利要求70的装置,所述装置进一步包括至少一个试验池延伸通过的空白或校准试验窗。72. The device of claim 70, further comprising at least one blank or calibration test window through which the test cell extends. 73.权利要求70的装置,所述装置进一步包括为参比且不延伸通过试验窗的至少一个附加试验池。73. The device of claim 70, further comprising at least one additional test cell that is a reference and does not extend through the test window. 74.权利要求60的装置,所述装置进一步包括与样品接收结构或与试验窗相连的样品量充足性检查装置。74. The device of claim 60, further comprising a sample volume adequacy checking device coupled to the sample receiving structure or to the test window. 75.权利要求60的装置,所述装置进一步包括与试验窗热连通并且在操作反应期间可操作地将热能提供到试验窗的热源。75. The apparatus of claim 60, further comprising a heat source in thermal communication with the test window and operable to provide thermal energy to the test window during operation of the reaction. 76.权利要求60的装置,所述装置进一步包括在壳室的内表面上布置的透明抗微生物涂层。76. The device of claim 60, further comprising a transparent antimicrobial coating disposed on an interior surface of the housing. 77.权利要求60的装置,所述装置进一步包括能够产生可由光检测器检测的电磁能或者能够激发在试验窗上布置的荧光物质的光源。77. The device of claim 60, further comprising a light source capable of generating electromagnetic energy detectable by the light detector or capable of exciting a fluorescent substance disposed on the test window. 78.权利要求77的装置,其中光源为发光二极管、有机发光二极管或激光二极管。78. The device of claim 77, wherein the light source is a light emitting diode, an organic light emitting diode, or a laser diode. 79.权利要求78的装置,其中发光二极管、有机发光二极管或激光二极管为成套装置的部分,并且所述成套装置发射红色、绿色和蓝色波长范围的光。79. The device of claim 78, wherein a light emitting diode, an organic light emitting diode or a laser diode is part of a kit, and said kit emits light in the red, green and blue wavelength ranges. 80.权利要求77的装置,其中光源为紫外光发射器。80. The device of claim 77, wherein the light source is an ultraviolet light emitter. 81.权利要求77的装置,其中光源为红外光发射器。81. The device of claim 77, wherein the light source is an infrared light emitter. 82.权利要求60的装置,所述装置进一步包括选自紫外、可见和红外检测器的检测器。82. The device of claim 60, further comprising a detector selected from the group consisting of ultraviolet, visible and infrared detectors. 83.权利要求82的装置,其中检测器经定位和定向,使得从能源发射的能量通过试验窗经测定路径传到检测器。83. The apparatus of claim 82, wherein the detector is positioned and oriented such that energy emitted from the energy source travels a measured path through the test window to the detector. 84.权利要求82的装置,其中检测器为电荷耦合装置(CCD)。84. The device of claim 82, wherein the detector is a charge coupled device (CCD). 85.权利要求82的装置,其中检测器为光电倍增管。85. The device of claim 82, wherein the detector is a photomultiplier tube. 86.权利要求82的装置,其中检测器经定位和定向,使得从能源发射的能量通过试验窗,与敏感薄膜作用,并传到检测器。86. The device of claim 82, wherein the detector is positioned and oriented so that energy emitted from the energy source passes through the test window, interacts with the sensitive membrane, and passes to the detector. 87.权利要求82的装置,其中检测器经定位和定向,使得从能源发射的能量通过试验窗,与敏感薄膜作用,并传回到检测器。87. The device of claim 82, wherein the detector is positioned and oriented so that energy emitted from the energy source passes through the test window, interacts with the sensitive membrane, and is transmitted back to the detector. 88.权利要求82的装置,其中在试验敏感薄膜时,能源和检测器在试验窗的相同侧上。88. The apparatus of claim 82, wherein the energy source and detector are on the same side of the test window when testing the sensitive film. 89.权利要求82的装置,其中在试验敏感薄膜时,能源和检测器在试验窗的相对侧上。89. The apparatus of claim 82, wherein the energy source and detector are on opposite sides of the test window when testing the sensitive film. 90.权利要求60的装置,所述装置包括相应于由基片组合件限定的凹缺的突起,并且突起与凹缺内表面接触使基片组合件在壳室内在确定位置和方向对准。90. The device of claim 60, said device comprising a protrusion corresponding to a recess defined by the substrate assembly, and the contact of the protrusion with the inner surface of the recess aligns the substrate assembly internally in a defined position and orientation within the housing.
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