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CN101828031A - 用于风力涡轮机叶片的根端接头 - Google Patents

用于风力涡轮机叶片的根端接头 Download PDF

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CN101828031A
CN101828031A CN200880111769A CN200880111769A CN101828031A CN 101828031 A CN101828031 A CN 101828031A CN 200880111769 A CN200880111769 A CN 200880111769A CN 200880111769 A CN200880111769 A CN 200880111769A CN 101828031 A CN101828031 A CN 101828031A
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CN101828031B (zh
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P·拉德令
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LM Wind Power UK Ltd
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Blade Dynamics Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05B2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/302—Segmented or sectional blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/70—Shape
    • F05B2250/71—Shape curved
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/40—Organic materials
    • F05B2280/4003—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05B2280/6003—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05B2280/6011—Coating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05B2280/6013—Fibres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/70—Treatments or modification of materials
    • F05B2280/702—Reinforcements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2225/00—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
    • F05C2253/04—Composite, e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
    • F05C2253/12—Coating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
    • F05C2253/16—Fibres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
    • F05C2253/22—Reinforcements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
    • Y10T29/49336—Blade making
    • Y10T29/49337—Composite blade
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于将风力涡轮机叶片连接到轮毂上的子组件。子组件包括管状支撑构件(40，80)，其一端布置成连接到所述轮毂上。至少两个隔开的隔板(45，46，85a，85b)横向于管状支撑构件延伸并且布置成由管状构件支撑。每个隔板具有用于接收风力涡轮机叶片的翼梁构件的开口，使得在使用中，翼梁构件的一部分通过隔板支撑在管状支撑构件内，使得翼梁从管状支撑构件伸出。

Description

用于风力涡轮机叶片的根端接头
技术领域
本发明涉及用于风力涡轮机叶片的根端接头。
背景技术
风力涡轮机中的根端接头是这样的结构，其将涡轮机叶片的主要部分连接到涡轮机塔上的轮毂上。目前，具有整体式翼梁的用于风力涡轮机叶片的根端接头通过将玻璃增强树脂缠绕在凸轴上而制造成一体件，从而制造出连接到轮毂上的一端为管形和连接到翼梁上的相对端为矩形的型材。根端接头随后在翼梁层压和固化时整合到翼梁中。根端接头具有钻入轮毂端部的孔，具有内螺纹的金属短销结合到所述孔中，从而允许叶片的根端机械紧固到涡轮机轮毂上。
这种制造方法需要形式为恒温箱、芯轴和装卸设备的大量资本设备，所述拆卸设备可以容纳和搬运大型根端(目前，直径为2米，重量为2,500kg)。另外，根端必须在用于钻出每个短销孔的大型夹具中搬运。这些大型部件需要运送到叶片工厂，从而增加了每次运输的成本。根部本身的整个断面都非常厚以便容纳根部短销以及使金属根部短销和合成根端的不同弯曲特性的影响最小化。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种用于将风力涡轮机叶片连接到轮毂上的子组件，所述子组件包括管状支撑构件和至少两个隔开的隔板，所述管状支撑构件的一端布置成连接到所述轮毂上，所述隔板横向于所述管状支撑构件延伸并且布置成由管状构件支撑，其中，每个隔板具有用于接收风力涡轮机叶片的翼梁构件的开口，使得在使用中，翼梁构件的一部分通过隔板支撑在管状支撑构件内，使得翼梁从管状支撑构件伸出。
提供用于根端接头的子组件具有多个优点，其中所述根端接头具有位于管状构件内的隔板以支撑翼梁。首先，由于翼梁支撑在根端内，根端接头的翼梁端部的外部轮廓不需要制造成矩形以与翼梁匹配。这就没有必要制造从位于一端的圆形过渡到位于相对端部的正方形的复杂形状，并且降低了相关的加工成本。同样，通过支撑位于子组件内部的翼梁和隔板，由于翼梁为层状结构，从而没有必要将根部整合到翼梁中。与简单形状相结合，这允许根部件在更为标准和经济的工艺中容易地制造而成，从而能够降低成本，提高处理能力，使制造工艺可重复进行。还可以实现根端接头和翼梁之间更简单的固定，允许在靠近例如风力农场的位置成本有效地装配最终的叶片。
管状支撑构件可以制造为一体件。然而，优选的是，它由两个或多个具有部分管状形状的外壳组成，所述外壳安装在一起以形成管状支撑构件。隔板可以与管状构件整体形成，或者可以在形成管状构件时固定在适当位置。在管状构件由多个外壳构成的情况下，每个隔板可以由位于各个外壳中的多个散部件构成。
优选地，管状支撑构件由纤维增强的塑料制成。这可以提高对层压取向和结构的控制。特别地，在高轴向载荷区域中，具有较高比例的单向材料，在高剪切载荷区域中，具有更多的多轴向材料。这可以使材料的性质和比例最优化，从而显著减少材料的使用和成本。
根端接头可以应用于各种翼梁结构。一种方式是将第一翼梁隔板附接到翼梁上。翼梁隔板连接到管状支撑构件中的其中一个隔板上，第二翼梁隔板连接到翼梁和管状支撑构件中的另一个隔板上以完成组件装配。然而，优选地，翼梁包括多个剪切腹板。这种翼梁可以是已知的箱形翼梁，其中一个或多个附加的剪切腹板在根端附接到所述箱形翼梁中。可选地，翼梁可以包括多个并排布置的梁，每个梁具有纵向腹板，所述纵向腹板具有位于两个边缘处的凸缘。
在这种情况下，本发明扩展到包括根据本发明第一方面的子组件的根端接头与具有多个剪切腹板的翼梁单元的组合，所述翼梁单元主要通过所述剪切腹板连接到所述隔板上。
特别有效的方法是主要通过剪切腹板完成连接，从而减少接头所需的材料。
为了通过剪切腹板对连接提供附加支撑，优选地设置轴承座(bearing block)以加强相邻的剪切腹板并且在相邻的剪切腹板之间传递载荷。为了完成接头，至少一个销优选地插入每个隔板和相联的轴承座中。
附图说明
现在将参考下列附图对本发明的实例进行描述，其中：
图1是部分完成的风力涡轮机叶片的示意性立体图；
图2是图1所示叶片的翼梁、框架和根部子组件的示意性立体图；
图3是沿图1中的直线A-A截取的示意性剖视图；
图4是图1所示蒙皮板和框架构件在装配之前的示意性立体图；
图5是管状支撑构件的示意性立体图，所述管状支撑构件构成图1所示根端接头的一部分；
图6是一对支撑模压件的示意性立体图，所述支撑模压件构成根端接头的一部分；
图7是附接到图1所示翼梁上的隔板的示意性立体图；
图8是根端接头在装配期间的示意性横截面侧视图；
图9是装配好的根端接头的示意性横截面侧视图；
图10是开口断面梁的示意性立体图，所述开口断面梁构成图1所示翼梁的一部分；
图11是图10所示开口断面梁的构成部件的示意性立体图；
图12是图1所示翼梁的第一部分的示意性立体图；
图13是图1所示翼梁的第二部分的示意性立体图；
图14是图1所示翼梁的示意性平面图和剖视图；
图15是根端接头的第二实例的透视图，显示了装配之前的根端接头的两个半部；
图16是与图15类似的视图，显示了已装配的两个半部和插入根端接头之前的翼梁单元；
图17是与图16类似的视图，显示了安装在适当位置的翼梁单元；
图18是根端接头和翼梁单元沿水平面截取的横截面视图，所述根端接头和翼梁单元在原理上与图15-17所示实例相似，但是在一些细节上有所不同；和
图18A-18C是分别沿图18中的直线A-C截取的横截面视图。
具体实施方式
图1显示了部分完成的风力涡轮机叶片10，所述风力涡轮机叶片包括承载翼梁30，所述承载翼梁连接到如下面更详细描述的根部子组件20上。翼梁30支撑框架构件35、36，蒙皮板60、70安装到所述框架构件上以形成叶片10的外表面。
在图1-3所示实例中，框架构件35、36由碳纤维增强的塑料制成并且由前侧框架构件36和后侧框架构件35构成。如图所示，框架构件35、36成形为非常符合叶片10的横断面轮廓。在可选结构中，框架构件可以与蒙皮板而不是翼梁形成整体，如我们的在先申请GB0807515.2中描述的那样。
蒙皮板60、70附接到框架构件35、36和翼梁30上以形成连续的外皮。前缘蒙皮板70附接到前侧框架构件50上，其余蒙皮板60附接到前侧框架构件36、翼梁30和后侧框架构件35上。
蒙皮板60由玻璃纤维增强的塑料制成并且具有在蒙皮板60装配到框架上之前或之后涂覆的凝胶涂层或油漆。可选地，蒙皮板涂覆有如GB0805713.5中公开的涂层。前缘蒙皮板70由复合材料制成并且具有在前缘蒙皮板70装配之前或之后涂覆的耐磨涂层。
根部组件20、翼梁30、框架构件35、36和蒙皮板60、70在夹具中粘合在一起以确保尺寸精度。夹具本身(未显示)为包括多个夹具模块的模块化夹具，没有一个夹具模块的长度超过20米，从而有助于将夹具模块运送到风力涡轮机装配场地。在本实例中，还使用例如螺栓或夹子的机械紧固件将叶片10的各个部件连接在一起。在可选实例中，可以只使用胶合剂或机械紧固件。
图4显示了单个蒙皮板60、70和框架构件35、36的实例，其构成用于制造成品叶片10的成套部件的一部分。蒙皮板70、60如此成形，使得它们可以在储存和运输过程中一个叠放在另一个内。
图5显示了构成图1所示根部子组件20的一部分的管状支撑构件80。管80是长纤维缠绕的玻璃纤维增强的塑料管，具有大约5米的长度。管80在凸轴上制造而成，使得它具有精确的内部尺寸。螺纹孔81位于管80的一端上，用于连接到风力涡轮机轮毂上。
图6显示了一对玻璃纤维增强的塑料的支撑模压件85。这些支撑模压件85具有精确的外部弯曲表面，其通过使用凹模或通过机加工实现。支撑模压件85为C形，其外部曲率半径与管80的内部曲率半径相匹配。
如图8和9所示，两对支撑模压件85结合到管80的内表面上。厚度为大约100mm到150mm的支撑模压件结合到距离管80的任一端部大约200mm的位置处。
图7显示了结合到翼梁30的一部分上的玻璃纤维增强塑料隔板90。在本实例中，隔板90包括彼此结合并结合到翼梁30上的两个半部95。在可选实例中，隔板90是一体件，其具有穿过隔板以接收翼梁30的孔。
在装配期间，第一隔板90结合到翼梁30上。翼梁30随后从与轮毂连接端相对的端部插入管80中，直到隔板90抵接第一对支撑模压件85a为止。隔板90随后通过粘合剂和螺栓87附接到支撑模压件85a上，所述螺栓延伸穿过隔板90和支撑模压件85a。第二隔板90随后通过粘合剂和螺栓87结合到翼梁位于管80内的部分上，并且附接到第二对支撑模压件85b上。
图10显示了构成翼梁30一部分的开口断面I形梁33。I形梁33本身由在腹板32的两个纵向边缘处位于纵向腹板32两侧的构成凸缘(component flanges)31构成。凸缘31由单向碳或玻璃纤维增强的塑料构成，腹板32由±45度多轴向碳或玻璃纤维增强的塑料构成。凸缘31例如在挤拉工艺中形成为预制形状，并且具有矩形横截面。在可选实例中，凸缘31可以具有弯曲横截面以更为紧密地配合叶片的外部轮廓。凸缘为可叠置的，从而可以给特定的叶片部分提供附加厚度。然而，为了使翼梁的部件保持尽可能地简单，优选的是，凸缘具有矩形或其它可叠置的横截面。同样，在叶片承受与凸缘表面平行的较高载荷的某些部分，例如根端处，可以在腹板32与每个凸缘31接合处设置例如角形截面形状的附加预制形状。
凸缘31粘附到腹板32靠近其纵向边缘的两侧上以形成I形梁33。可选地，I形梁33可以包括两个凸缘，每个凸缘具有用于接收腹板的相应边缘的纵向槽。I形梁33在夹具中装配以确保尺寸精度。在可选实例中，除了粘合剂或作为粘合剂的可选方案，凸缘31通过机械紧固件连接到腹板32上。
如图12所示，翼梁30由并排布置的多个I形梁33构成。如图14的横截面B和C所示，在沿翼梁截取的截面中，凸缘31位于翼梁30的两侧。I形梁33固定在夹具中以确保尺寸精度，并且沿着凸缘31彼此粘附。可选地或另外地，凸缘可以通过机械紧固件连接到一起。
在图12和14所示实例中，翼梁30的厚度在中间部位最大。这种结构用于解决蒙皮板60的曲率，所述蒙皮板附接到翼梁30上并且限定如图3所示的风力涡轮机叶片的外表面。最外侧的I形梁33和最内侧的I形梁33之间的厚度变化通过调整腹板32的高度实现。此外，翼梁30的厚度从根端向尖端减小。部分地通过从I形梁33的一端向另一端减小腹板32的高度来实现上述厚度减小，使得它们具有大体上梯形结构。如下面进一步描述的那样，通过减小连续的翼梁单元中的腹板32的总高度，翼梁30的厚度还沿着翼梁长度减小。
图13显示了位于翼梁30的第二部分中的I形梁33的另一布置方式，所述第二部分包括扭转部。在该部分中，I形梁33并排布置，其凸缘31彼此偏移，使得一个I形梁的凸缘31与相邻I形梁33的凸缘31不共面。偏移量沿着翼梁30的长度增加。扭转部允许翼梁符合叶片10的外部轮廓，所述外部轮廓围绕叶片的纵向轴线扭转。
图14显示了翼梁30的平面图和剖视图，并且显示了翼梁30的宽度如何从根端向尖端成锥形。部分地通过逐渐减小I形梁33的凸缘部分31实现上述锥形，使得最外面的梁具有槽形截面(C形)，而不是I形梁横截面。横截面B显示了由四个I形梁33构成的翼梁30的最宽部分，横截面C显示了由两个I形梁33和两个槽形梁38构成的翼梁30的宽度减小部分。通过将连续的翼梁单元(具有数量逐渐减小的梁33)端部相连，翼梁30的宽度还沿着翼梁长度减小。
翼梁30可以由多个全长I形梁33和/或槽形梁38构成。然而，在本实例中，翼梁30包括多个端部相连的翼梁单元，其中，没有一个翼梁单元的长度超过12米。
现在将参考图15-18描述根端接头的第二实例。
根端接头40包括一对外壳41、42，其构成如图16所示的通常管状根端接头。这在轮毂端部处具有圆形横截面43，所述轮毂端部设置有用于连接到所述轮毂上的多个螺纹插入件44。根端接头40随后朝向翼梁端部成锥形，根端接头40使得在翼梁端部处具有通常椭圆形横截面。每个外壳具有第一隔板构件45和第二隔板构件46。第一隔板构件45具有切开部分47以允许剪切销插入。当根端接头被装配时，第一隔板部分45对和第二隔板部分46对之间的空间设计成容纳如图18所示和如下文更详细描述的翼梁。
根端接头的外壳和隔板可以由例如纤维增强塑料、金属和木头的多种材料制成。在沿着纵向轴线测量时，根端接头典型地具有4米到10米的长度。根端接头典型地具有大约200kg的重量，使得它可以在不使用大型高架起重机的情况下容易地搬运。
如本领域已知的那样，根部件可以覆盖有聚氨酯油漆或聚酯或环氧凝胶涂层。可选地，根部件可以覆盖有构成我们在先申请GB0805713.5的主题的热塑涂层。可以在根端接头装配之前进行涂覆，并且可以在装配之后对根部件之间的单个接缝贴胶带。可选地，可以在装配之后对根端接头施加涂层。
在图15中，虚线48通常将每个半部分成在靠近根端的区域内、位于根端接头的最上方和最下方的区域48A和包括根端接头的其余部分的区域48B。区域48A是具有高轴向应力的区域，因此，在该区域内，材料包含较高比例的单轴向材料，其中，纤维沿着接头的轴向方向排列。在根端的其余部分的区域48B，具有较高的剪切载荷，并且材料包含较高比例的多轴向材料。通过在根部制造过程中改变层压层中的纤维类型和取向实现上述方案。
如图16和17所示，包括多个剪切腹板的翼梁插入根端接头中。翼梁根据参考图10-14所述的原理构造而成。翼梁设置有一对孔49，孔49与隔板中的相应孔50对准。
图18中更详细地显示了接头。这与图15-17略有不同，其中，翼梁30宽于在先附图中所示的翼梁，因此，隔板45、45和隔板46、46之间的距离相应增大。同样，翼梁包括一对箱形梁，如图18C所示，凸缘31延伸到根端接头内，而在图16和17中，凸缘31在不到根端接头的位置终止。
如图18和18B所示，当载荷开始传递到根端接头40时，凸缘31在连接到第二隔板46上之后开始逐渐渐缩。
与设置在隔板内的轴承座52相对应的多个轴承座51附接到位于邻近隔板45、46的区域内的剪切腹板32上。每个轴承座51、52具有与孔49和50对准的中心开口，销插入所述孔49和50中以固定接头。销可以是金属销，其在插入之前冷却并且允许进行热膨胀以便在开口内形成紧配合。另外，轴承座可以彼此结合并且结合到隔板上以提供附加强度。
当根端接头40和翼梁单元30已经装配好时，通过将附加的翼梁单元和附加的蒙皮板相连装配叶片的其余部分。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于将风力涡轮机叶片连接到轮毂上的子组件，所述子组件包括管状支撑构件和至少两个隔开的隔板，所述管状支撑构件的一端布置成连接到所述轮毂上，所述隔板横向于所述管状支撑构件延伸并且布置成由所述管状支撑构件支撑，其中，每个隔板具有用于接收风力涡轮机叶片的翼梁构件的开口，使得在使用中，所述翼梁构件的一部分通过所述隔板支撑在所述管状支撑构件内，使得所述翼梁从所述管状支撑构件伸出。
2.如权利要求1所述的子组件，其中，所述管状支撑构件由两个或多个具有部分管状形状的外壳构成，所述外壳安装在一起以形成管状支撑构件。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的子组件，其中，所述管状支撑构件由纤维增强的塑料制成。
4.如权利要求3所述的子组件，其中，在高轴向载荷区域内存在较高比例的单向材料，在高剪切载荷区域内存在较高比例的多轴向材料。
5.如权利要求中任一项所述的子组件与具有多个剪切腹板的翼梁的组合，所述翼梁主要通过所述剪切腹板连接到所述隔板上。
6.如权利要求5所述的组合，其中，所述翼梁包括并排布置的多个梁，每个梁具有纵向的剪切腹板中的其中一个，所述腹板的两个边缘处具有凸缘。
7.如权利要求6所述的组合，其中，所述翼梁包括并排布置的三个或多个梁，每个梁具有纵向的剪切腹板中的其中一个，所述腹板的两个边缘处具有凸缘。
8.如权利要求5-7中任一项所述的组合，其中，设置轴承座以加强相邻的剪切腹板并在所述相邻的剪切腹板之间传递载荷。
9.如权利要求8所述的组合，其中，至少一个销插入每个隔板和相联的轴承座中。
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EP2198152A2 (en) 2010-06-23
US8696317B2 (en) 2014-04-15
CN101828030A (zh) 2010-09-08
US8425195B2 (en) 2013-04-23
WO2009034291A3 (en) 2009-12-03
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CN101828030B (zh) 2012-12-26
EP2188522A2 (en) 2010-05-26

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