CN101687164A

CN101687164A - Reactor, gas lift pump for reactor vessel, and method for deactivating reactor

Info

Publication number: CN101687164A
Application number: CN200880015003A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 安托尼厄斯·约翰尼斯·乔纳; 斯约尔格德·胡伯尔特斯·约瑟夫·威林加; 谢勒·亨德利克·德布尔; 约翰尼斯·维拉尔穆斯·乌特兹
Original assignee: PACQUES BV
Current assignee: PACQUES BV
Priority date: 2007-05-08
Filing date: 2008-04-28
Publication date: 2010-03-31
Anticipated expiration: 2028-04-28
Also published as: CN101687164B; NL2000637C2; WO2008136665A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a reactor and a gas lift pump for said reactor. The reactor includes a reactor vessel supplied with a fluid containing a bed of particulate material therein. According to the invention, the reactor also comprises a gas lift pump arranged in the reactor vessel. The gas lift pump includes a vertical first tube (inner tube) having open lower and upper sides, and a gas port for blowing gas. The open underside of the first tube (inner tube) is located within the bed of granular material. The gas port is located on the lower side of the first tube (inner tube) so that the gas blown into the first tube (inner tube) reduces the density of the fluid. The gas lift pump also includes a second tube (outer tube) having an open lower side and an open upper side. The underside of the second tube (outer tube) coaxially surrounds the underside of the first tube (inner tube) to create a coaxial channel at this location.

Description

Reactor, the method that is used for the gas-lift pump of reactor vessel and makes the reactor inactivation

The present invention relates to a kind of reactor, comprising:

Provide the reactor vessel of fluid, this fluid comprises having proportion 〉=1.1kg/dm ³The bed of particle; With

Be arranged in the gas-lift pump in the described reactor vessel;

Described gas-lift pump comprises:

The first vertical pipe (interior pipe) with lower end of open upper side and opening; With

Be used to be blown into gas port such as the gas of air;

The lower end of the opening of described first pipe (interior pipe) is positioned at the bed of granular materials;

Described gas port is positioned at the lower end of described first pipe (pipe) when being blown into gas with box lunch, and the gas that is blown into described first pipe (interior pipe) reduces the fluid density in described first pipe (interior pipe).

Such reactor of air inclusion elevator pump is actually well-known.Such gas-lift pump is made up of the pipe of the top and bottom with opening usually, at this lower end supply gas.The gas of being supplied has reduced the density (perhaps, we can say proportion) of the fluid in this pipe.After all, owing to supplied gas, the outside fluid of this pipe of the fluid ratio in this pipe contains more gas.This difference of managing inside and outside density has caused entering the upwelling of this pipe, is also referred to as to promote stream.This upwelling also allows the conveying at other particle of place, the bottom suction of this pipe.This is a kind of phenomenon of likewise known, and it is used in particular for: keep layer of sand when sand filter moves; Heavy particle in mixing and/or the stirring reactor vessel; The ventilation and/or mix aerobic and anaerobic reactor; Or the like.Yet gas-lift pump neither be no problem.

A known problem following gas-lift pump and occur is, owing to thicker deposited particulate layer is positioned near the lower end of this pipe, so it starts difficulty.This thicker deposited particulate layer has hindered the suction of liquid, because liquid can not fully permeate this thicker deposited particulate layer.Then, this upwelling by the amount decision of the gas that is provided, impels particle to move up though this can not or be merely able to (owing to compare with these particles, this gas has low relatively density) basically.A kind of known workaround of this problem is that several holes are provided in this pipe.The purpose in these holes is to improve the suction of liquid, because the distance between the upside of these holes and this stratum granulosum is shorter, so this is in the cards.Yet the necessary quilt in these holes is " excavation " one by one.Because particle is discharged from these holes and is taken away under the influence of the gas that is blown into this pipe, so should " excavation " take place gradually.Therefore, should " excavation " be quite time-consuming.In addition, the process of this " mining process " is not optimum usually.

The another kind of known problem that occurs in the gas-lift pump is that this pump is difficult to promote heavy particle, the particle that promptly has relative better quality density, and therefore not too suitable or be not suitable for being used for containing the bed of heavy particle.

The improved reactor that the purpose of this invention is to provide the reactor of the type of describing at piece of writing head place, wherein improved reactor allows more efficient operation.

According to the present invention, this purpose realizes by the reactor that comprises following feature is provided:

Provide the reactor vessel of fluid, this fluid comprises having proportion 〉=1.05kg/dm ³Particle bed and

Be arranged in the gas-lift pump in this reactor vessel;

Described gas-lift pump comprises:

Have open upper side and opening the lower end vertical first pipe (interior pipe) and

Be used to be blown into gas port such as the gas of air;

The lower end of the opening of described first pipe (interior pipe) is arranged in the bed of granular materials;

Described gas port is positioned at the lower end of described first pipe (pipe), when being blown into gas with box lunch, the gas that is blown into described first pipe (interior pipe) reduces the fluid density in described first pipe (interior pipe), and this gas-lift pump also comprises second pipe (outer tube) of the lower end with opening;

The base section of described second pipe (outer tube) with one heart around the base section of described first pipe (interior pipe) to form coaxial channel around the base section of described first pipe (interior pipe);

On vertical direction, the upside of described second pipe is lower than the upside of described first pipe;

Described second the pipe (outer tube) upside be fluid opening and that be arranged in described reactor horizontal plane below; With

When the bed of described granular materials is in when static (, when described gas supply is not worked), the upside of described second pipe (interior pipe) is positioned at proportion 〉=1.05kg/dm ³The top of particle (particularly be positioned at and contain proportion 〉=1.1kg/dm ³The top of particle of particle, and more particularly be positioned at the top of the particle of the particle that contains proportion 〉=1.25kg/dm3).

Described first the pipe, also will be called interior pipe in this application, at first it base section by second pipe ring around, described in this application second the pipe also will be called outer tube.Produce the coaxial spaces of lower opening in the base section of described outer tube pipe in described.The upside of described outer tube be fluid opening and that be arranged in described reactor horizontal plane below.Therefore, described interior pipe can be drawn into fluid from described coaxial spaces, the liquid that described fluid especially can or cannot mix with particle and/or gas.

During described reactor start-up, when starting beginning, the bed of described granular materials forms stratum granulosum deposition, static usually, described coaxial spaces allows substantially unhinderedly to the bottom of described gas-lift pump accommodating fluid, because the upside of described second pipe (outer tube) is still in the top of described stratum granulosum, perhaps be still in proportion 〉=1.05kg/dm at least ³The top of particle, particularly be positioned at and contain proportion 〉=1.1kg/dm ³The top of particle of particle, more particularly be positioned at and contain proportion 〉=1.25kg/dm ³The top of particle of particle.When being in when static, can expect lighter particle from the particle of the top that is arranged in described second pipe (outer tube) upside.Such lighter particle has hindered on relatively low degree to the bottom of described gas-lift pump accommodating fluid.The liquid that is drawn into the bottom of described interior pipe has been taken the particle of the bottom that is positioned at described outer tube away, because the bottom of described gas-lift pump has been hollowed out.Faster, the more reliable reactor start-up of this permission.(should be noted in the discussion above that and be in when static and during operation, the upside of described second pipe (outer tube) also may be positioned at the top of described stratum granulosum when described reactor.)

Should be noted in the discussion above that with regard to gas lift mud (sludge) bed bioreactor described bed is initial usually fully by having such as so hyperbaric relatively particle such as brown coal particle, anthracite particle, float stone particle (proportion 〉=1.5kg/dm for example ³Particle) form.For 10 meters high reactors, described bed initially has for example height of 80cm.At described reactor between the operating period, living beings (biomass) will (can) be deposited on these particles.The result is that the height of described bed will increase, and for example be increased to 1.5 meters or higher, and the proportion of these particles (comprising described living beings) will reduce when closing the gas supply.These particles that contain the living beings at the top that is positioned at described bed can have less than 1.25kg/dm then ³Perhaps even less than 1.05kg/dm ³Proportion.According to the present invention, when closing the gas supply, in this case, these lighter particles self are positioned at the top of described second pipe (outer tube) upside.

Yet in case start, even there is not the excavation problem between the starting period, the present invention also provides the main advantage of normal work period.

Because pipe can easily be drawn into liquid by described coaxial spaces in described, described liquid can or cannot mix with particle, so described gas-lift pump can upwards transmit bigger and/or higher surging volume flow by pipe in described.This provides some advantages of normal work period.Described gas-lift pump:

Can produce higher output;

Can upwards transmit particle with better quality density; With

Can during upwards transmitting, these particles that are transmitted be moved more consumingly; This is favourable for the mixing of the purification of described particle or described particle.

Therefore described reactor vessel holds the bed of granular materials.The type that depends on the gas yield of described gas-lift pump and depend on bed and particle, in this case, these particles will not suspend or suspend hardly or suspend on bigger or less degree.Under situation about suspending, depend on these particles whether largely for suspending, the upside of described bed will be in higher level in described reactor operating period.When described reactor inactivation, these particles suspended will deposit subsequently to form stratum granulosum deposition, static.If during operation these particles be not suspend or suspend hardly, for example have the situation of a lot of sand filters, during so in described reactor operating period and when described reactor inactivation, described upside will be located substantially on sustained height.In both of these case, when described reactor was not worked, the upside of described outer tube protruded from described bed.If these particles be not suspend or suspend hardly, in described reactor operating period, almost with regard to definition, the upside of described outer tube also will protrude from described bed so.Under situation about suspending, whether the upside of described outer tube is also protruding the degree that will depend on that described outer tube protrudes above the described quiescent bed in described reactor operating period above the described liquefied bed.Under one situation of back, be arranged in described liquefied bed and all be possible in the top that described reactor described upside of operating period is positioned at described (liquefaction) bed at the upside of described reactor described outer tube of operating period.

Because outer tube, therefore is positioned near the particle quilt suction equably bottom of described gas-lift pump of described gas-lift pump bottom around the base section coaxial arrangement of pipe in described.In this regard, described outer tube need be all coaxially around pipe in described on its whole length, and perhaps the open upper side of described at least outer tube is not to extend coaxially around pipe in described.Yet, consider that for design described outer tube preferably extends around pipe in described coaxially on its whole length.

According to the present invention, for because of the effect that upwards promotes stream effectively with the particle suction described in the pipe, on vertical direction, if the lower end of the opening of described first pipe (interior pipe) be lower than described second pipe (outer tube) opening the lower end be favourable.The bottom of pipe place in described because described upwelling and the liquid that extracts from described outer tube will more effectively transmit particle then because on horizontal direction, described outer tube do not cover fully described in pipe the lower end but its part is exposed.

According to the present invention, in order to ensure, especially starting and normal work period, by described second pipe (outer tube) suction fluid liquid especially effectively, it is favourable using following relation: 0.1 (D-d)≤Z≤0.4 (D-d), wherein d is the diameter of lower end of the opening of described first pipe (interior pipe), D is the diameter of lower end of the opening of described second pipe (outer tube), and Z is from the distance between the lower end of the opening of the lower end of the opening of described first pipe (interior pipe) of vertical direction and described second pipe (outer tube).Especially, if the value of Z is approximately 0.2 (D-d), be favourable so in this case.

According to the present invention, can be drawn into by described outer tube in order to ensure the fluid of enough output especially liquid, it is favourable using following relation: 0.5D≤d≤0.7D, wherein d is the diameter of lower end of the opening of described first pipe (interior pipe), and D is the diameter of lower end of the opening of described second pipe (outer tube).Especially, if the value of d is approximately 0.6D, be favourable so in this case.

According to the present invention,,, then be favourable so that during operation the gas of all suction is guided into described first pipe (interior pipe) if described gas port is arranged on lower end following of described first pipe (interior pipe) and points to the inside of described first pipe (interior pipe).This allows, and described gas flows the resuspension that just in the bottom of described gas-lift pump particle is acquired a certain degree once activating between the starting period of described reactor.Guaranteed that also the gas that is blown into described coaxial spaces does not produce any (not expecting) lifting stream.

According to the present invention, in order to get rid of any risk of (not expecting) lifting stream in the described coaxial spaces, it is favourable being arranged on described gas port in described first pipe (interior pipe).So described gas port will be arranged on the inside of the base section of described first pipe (interior pipe).

According to the present invention, if in the wall of described first pipe (interior pipe), a distance, top of lower end at described second pipe (outer tube), be arranged on described coaxial channel and described first and manage the one or more holes that produce the fluid connection between the inside of (interior pipe), the excavation during the so described reactor start-up can further improve.By these holes, be possible from described coaxial channel withdrawn fluid especially liquid at the very start starting.In addition, help to improve upwards transfer capability during the normal running that separates the startup stage of these Kong Zaiyu, thereby allow more easily upwards to transmit the particle of better quality density by pipe in described.

According to still another embodiment of the invention, these particles comprise one or more in the following particle:

Filter sand such as pomegranate sand and/or quartz sand;

Basalt;

Granule activated carbon;

Be positioned on the carrier or be not positioned at living beings on the carrier;

Crystal;

Mineral matter;

Brown coal;

Pellet;

Float stone;

Anthracite;

Or the like.

According to the present invention, pomegranate sand can have from 0.6 to 3mm granularity, and proportion is approximately 4.1kg/dm ³And storage volume is approximately 2.3kg/dm ³According to the present invention, quartz sand can have from 0.6 to 3mm granularity, and proportion is approximately 2.5 to 2.6kg/dm ³And storage volume is approximately 1.5 to 1.6kg/dm ³

According to another embodiment, described fluid comprises water.

According to another aspect, the present invention relates to be used to make the method for reactor inactivation of the present invention, wherein, in the first step that keeps the gas supply, at first described gas supply is decreased to certain level, so that these particles hinder the supply of liquid by described bed along the lower end of described second pipe (outer tube); And in second step after described first step, keep the gas supply of described level or the gas supply that keeps reduced levels, under the effect of particle that is arranged in described second pipe (outer tube), be discharged into described first pipe (pipe) from described second pipe (outer tube) substantially at described gas; In the third step after described second step, close described gas supply.

During making described reactor inactivation guarantee that described reactor restarts in this way, the least possible particle is arranged in described outer tube, especially is located in the coaxial channel of bottom of described gas-lift pump.Why this situation realizes, is that described gas supply at first reduces because during inactivation, thereby these particle depositions are to form the bed of the bottom of closing described gas-lift pump substantially.This close cause fluid still to exist but be not very strong lifting stream mode by described outer tube be drawn into described in the pipe.This particle that causes the fluid that is arranged in described outer tube conversely in the mode of fluid circulation by the described outer release that is in control.Because in this case, protrude above described grain bed on the top of described outer tube, so be accompanied by described fluid and the new particle of suction will reduce and can all obtain getting rid of by described outer tube.

In this case, manage (interior pipe) up to described second pipe (outer tube) and described first and be substantially devoid of particle then be particularly advantageous if continue second step.

According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a kind of gas-lift pump that is used to provide the reactor vessel of fluid, described fluid comprises the bed of granular materials, and described gas-lift pump comprises:

Vertically place and have first pipe (interior pipe) of the lower end of open upper side and opening during-use; With

-be used to be blown into gas port such as the gas of air;

Described gas port is positioned at the lower end of described first pipe (pipe) when being blown into gas with box lunch, the gas that is blown into described first pipe (interior pipe) reduces the density of the fluid in described first pipe (interior pipe), upwards promotes stream thereby produce the fluid that enters described first pipe (interior pipe);

Described gas-lift pump also comprises second pipe of the lower end with opening;

The base section of described second pipe (outer tube) with one heart around the base section of described first pipe (interior pipe) to form coaxial channel around the base section of described first pipe (interior pipe); With

The top of described second pipe (outer tube) is opening, so that can be drawn into owing to the suction that upwards promotes stream by described first pipe (interior pipe) at the place, top of described second pipe (outer tube) fluid.

The another embodiment of described gas-lift pump is described in claim 17 to 24.According to a third aspect of the invention we, according to reactor of the present invention, it is clear that the advantage of described gas-lift pump will become from above-described.

The embodiment that schematically shows below with reference to accompanying drawings is explained in more detail the present invention, wherein:

Fig. 1 is according to the present invention, the startup stage diagrammatic view of first reactor when beginning;

The startup stage that Fig. 2 being late period corresponding diagrammatic view;

Fig. 3 is the corresponding views that first reactor is in normal work stage;

Fig. 4 is the corresponding views that first reactor is in the inactivation stage; With

Fig. 5 is at the diagrammatic view of second reactor of normal work period according to the present invention.

Two kinds of different application of the present invention below will be described.First kind of application (Fig. 1-4) relate to such as by the applicant with brand name

The activation that is called the air-lift unit reactor of selling (in case the gas supply stops).Second kind of application relates to the improvement of gas-lift pump duration of work, thereby because this improvement can easily be applied to the principle of gas-lift pump to comprise the bed of relative heavier particle, for example in the sand-bed filter that comprises as pomegranate sand.

According to the present invention, in Fig. 1 to 4, label 10 expressions first reactor.This reactor vessel holds fluid, and the upper surface of this fluid (being also referred to as liquid level) is represented with label 18.This fluid comprises the bed with particle 17, and particle 17 is schematically represented with triangle.This upside is schematically represented with label 19.This first reactor is such class reactor, and promptly the bed of particle is liquefied during operation in this first reactor.For example, the bed that promptly comprises the living beings load bearing grain.

Gas-lift pump is arranged in reactor vessel 10.This gas-lift pump comprises interior pipe 11 and is somebody's turn to do the outer tube 12 of the coaxial placement of interior pipe around Guan Bingyu in this.Interior pipe 11 and outer tube 12 define coaxial channel 21 jointly.This coaxial channel 21 especially extends along the base section of interior pipe 11.On vertical direction, the lower end 14 of pipe 11 in the lower end 15 of outer tube 12 is higher than.Gas port 20 is positioned at the middle part of pipe 11 belows, along this gas port 20 gas (being air in this case) is blown into.In the accompanying drawings, bubble is schematically represented with circle, and is represented with label 16.

Fig. 1 illustrates when this reactor inactivation and fluid and is in when static, and the bed precipitation of granular materials forms grain bed relatively closely.This precipitation, relative grain bed has closely stopped up the bottom of gas-lift pump.When this inactive state, the upper end of outer tube 12 is from this upside 19 protrusions.Then, gas for example air is blown into by gas port 20, and fluid especially liquid will be drawn into by the upper end of outer tube 12 in this coaxial channel, so that come to manage 11 in the bottom of coaxial channel 21 is drawn into by the lifting stream that is produced in interior pipe 11 inside.If there is not hole 13 on the sidewall of interior pipe 11, so this situation only takes place along the bottom of the lower end 14 of interior pipe 11.Yet, provide hole 13 to guarantee that fluid just can be upwards to promote the mode that flows unhinderedly is drawn into interior pipe 11 by hole 13 (seeing the arrow α among Fig. 1) inside from the beginning.

Through after a while, this gas-lift pump will be hollowed out fully in the bottom, thereby fluid stream also is drawn into (seeing the arrow β among Fig. 2) by the lower end 14 of interior pipe 11 along the bottom.

Start further and continue, depend on the process of operating in this reactor, this grain bed will finally become suspension to a certain extent.The upside 19 of this bed rises and depends on described process especially then, even can rise to lower end and the outer tube 12 that is higher than interior pipe 11.This point as shown in Figure 3.In this state, this gas-lift pump also will be drawn into fluid, especially liquid by the bed (seeing the arrow γ among Fig. 3) of this granular materials.

If this reactor then must inactivation, so as the schematically illustrating of Fig. 4, this gas supply will at first drop to certain level so that the bed of this granular materials begins thickening, and wherein the upside 19 of this bed will descend usually.The result of thickening is the bottom that these particles have stopped up this gas-lift pump, therefore still can only be drawn into fluid by the coaxial channel that limits between outer tube 12 and interior pipe 11, is schematically shown as arrow α and β among Fig. 4.If owing in this case the gas supply is further kept the regular hour and suitably also reduce this gas supply simultaneously, so coaxial channel 21 contains few relatively particle 17.After all, the particle that is arranged in coaxial channel 21 will be extracted out from coaxial channel 21 and be discharged by pipe 11.Therefore, when this reactor inactivation, coaxial channel 21 can hold particle hardly.When this allows to restart fluid in just unhinderedly offering by this coaxial channel, beginning is managed 11.

In order to further specify the present invention, define following size with reference to Fig. 1, be used for gas-lift pump constructed according to the invention:

The diameter d of interior pipe (representing with cm) in general is 2 to 100cm;

In general the diameter D (representing with cm) of outer tube is d=0.6*D, is distributed in 0.5*D≤d≤0.7*D scope;

Distance X (representing with cm) in described between the upper end of the upper end of pipe and described outer tube is X=3* (D-d), is distributed in 2* (D-d)≤X≤4* (D-d) scope;

In described between the lower end of the lower end of pipe and described outer tube is Z=0.2* (D-d) apart from Z (representing with cm), is distributed in 0.1* (D-d)≤Z≤0.4* (D-d) scope;

Distance Y (representing with cm) in described between the bottom of the lower end of pipe and described reactor is Y=0.33*d, is distributed in 0.1*d≤Y≤0.5*D scope.This distance can become greatly alternatively, though have the bigger risk that sediment will be retained in this reactor bottom subsequently.

According to the present invention, Fig. 5 shows second reactor 30.This is a kind of sand filter reactor.Described sand can comprise any suitable filter sand, though it comprises that especially its proportion is approximately 4.1kg/dm such as having from the such pomegranate sand of the pomegranate sand of 0.6-3mm granularity in this case ³And storage volume is approximately 2.3kg/dm ³With regard to the sand filter reactor, bed 31 is formed by layer of sand, and this layer of sand can be several meters, for example 3 to 4 meters thick, and this formation filter bed 31.Liquid to be clean provides in this filter bed usually and upwards flows so that filter simultaneously by this filter bed then.Simultaneously, this filter bed self moves down so that extract dirty sand at place, the bottom of this filter bed from this bed, and the sand that also will purify usually with the sand that returns purification to this is deposited on this top.In such filter bed, a spot of or liquefaction occur, so the top 32 of this filter bed 31 not between the operating period, always is positioned at same level at this reactor operating period and this reactor basically.Gas-lift pump is applied to make this filter bed to move and purify these sand particles and is actually known.

Such as the gas-lift pump of having been discussed of the present invention, be desirable for such filter bed reactor (according to the present invention, filter bed also can be made up of the material except sand) with reference to Fig. 1-4.With regard to the reactor 30 of Fig. 5, be used for gas-lift pump with label identical among Fig. 1-4.In addition, in this case, bubble is also schematically represented with circle 16.The sand particle is schematically represented with triangle 34 in Fig. 5.For prevent the sand particle fall into behind pipe 11 the upper end in leaving in coaxial spaces 21 between pipe 11 and the outer tube 12, the position provides cap 33 below interior pipe 11 upper ends but above outer tube 12 upper ends.Yet can there be cap yet.

According to the present invention, the advantage of this gas-lift pump of use is that this gas-lift pump can upwards transmit particle with high specific weight, have high yield and improved cleaning characteristics in the filter bed reactor such such as the sand filter bed reactor (do not have in this filter bed reactor or a spot of liquefaction occur).Yet, should be understood that, these advantages (upwards transmitting the cleaning characteristics/mixed characteristic of particle with high specific weight, high yield, improvement) also can be advantageously used in during the normal running of reactor of other type, for example the reactor that the bed of granular materials is carried out the liquefaction of bigger or less degree.In addition, will be clear that also that according to the present invention, the use of this gas-lift pump causes the improvement of startup of the reactor of filter bed reactor and other type.

Fig. 1-5 illustrates the bottom that feed tube 20 terminates in this reactor, so that described in this case gas port (gas flows into this reactor from this gas port) is arranged in this bottom.Yet, will be clear that supply pipe 20 also can stretch out the bottom of this reactor, even extend in the bottom of interior pipe.In one situation of back, this gas port will be positioned at the inside of pipe 11 then.This gas port for example can be positioned at from the lower end 14 following 50cm of pipe to more than the lower end of pipe 11 near the scope of 50cm; Especially, this gas port will be positioned at from the lower end 14 following 20cm of pipe to more than the lower end of pipe 11 near the scope of 20cm.

The tabulation of the label that uses

10=first reactor;

The 11=first pipe/inner tube;

The 12=second pipe/outer tube;

Hole in the 13=inner tubal wall;

The lower end of pipe in the 14=;

The lower end of 15=outer tube;

The 16=bubble;

The 17=particle;

The upper surface of 18=fluid surface/liquid side;

The upside of 19=bed;

The 20=gas port;

The 21=coaxial channel;

30=second reactor;

31=bed/filter bed;

The upside of 32=bed 31;

The 33=cap;

34=sand particle;

α=by coaxial channel 21 and hole 13 suction fluids;

β=by coaxial channel 21 and along the bottom suction fluid of the lower end 14 of interior pipe 11;

γ=by bed and along the bottom suction fluid of the lower end 14 of the lower end 15 of outer tube 12 and interior pipe 11;

The diameter (representing) of pipe 11 in the d=with cm;

The diameter of D=outer tube 12 (representing) with cm;

X=from the upper end of outer tube 12 to the vertical range (representing) of the upper end of interior pipe 11 with cm;

Vertical range in the Y=between the bottom of the lower end 14 of pipe 11 and reactor;

Vertical range (representing) in the Z=between the lower end 15 of the lower end 14 of pipe 11 and outer tube 12 with cm.

Claims

1. A reactor (10, 30) comprising:

· The reactor vessel is provided with a fluid comprising a bed of particles (17, 34) having a specific gravity > 1.05 kg/dm ³ ; and

a gas lift pump arranged in said reactor vessel;

The gas lift pump includes:

· a vertical first tube (11) having an open upper side and an open lower end (14); and

Gas port (20) for blowing gas (16) such as air;

The open lower end (14) of said first tube (11) is located in a bed of granular (17, 34) material;

The gas port (20) is arranged at the bottom of the first tube (11), so that when the gas (16) is blown in, the gas (16) blown into the first tube (11) causes the first tube to The density of the fluid in (11) is reduced;

It is characterized by:

The gas lift pump also includes a second tube (12) having an open lower end (15); the bottom portion of the second tube (12) concentrically surrounds the bottom portion of the first tube (11) to form a circumferential a coaxial channel (21) of the bottom portion of said first tube (11);

Seen from the vertical direction, the upper side of the second pipe (12) is lower than the upper side of the first pipe (11);

The upper side of the second pipe (12) is open and located below the level of fluid in the reactor; and

When the bed of granular (17, 34) material is at rest, the upper side of said second tube (12) is located above the granular (17, 34) specific gravity > 1.05 kg/ ^dm3 .

2. The reactor (10, 30) according to claim 1, wherein, viewed from the vertical direction, the lower end (14) of the opening of the first pipe (11) is lower than that of the second pipe (12) The lower end of the opening (15).

3. Reactor (10, 30) according to claim 2, wherein d is the diameter of the first tube (11), or at least the diameter of the bottom part of the first tube (11), D is the diameter of the second tube (12), or at least the diameter of the bottom part of the second tube (12), Z is the lower end (14) of the opening of the first tube (11) seen from the vertical direction The distance between the lower end (15) of the opening of the second pipe (12) and the following formula applies: 0.1(D-d)≤Z≤0.4(D-d).

4. The reactor (10, 30) of claim 3, wherein Z has a value of approximately 0.2(D-d).

5. Reactor (10, 30) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein d is the diameter of the first tube (11), or at least the bottom part of the first tube (11) D is the diameter of said second tube (12), or at least the diameter of the bottom part of said second tube (12), and the following formula applies: 0.5D≤d≤0.7D.

6. The reactor (10, 30) according to claim 5, wherein the value of d is approximately 0.6D.

7. Reactor (10, 30) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein d is the diameter of the first tube (11), or at least the bottom part of the first tube (11) diameter, and applies to the following relationship: 2cm≤d≤100cm.

8. Reactor (10, 30) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said gas port (20) is arranged below the open lower end (14) of said first tube (11 ) and points towards The interior of said first tube (11) so that during operation all the gas (16) which is blown in is directed towards said first tube (11).

9. Reactor (10, 30) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said gas port is located in said first tube (11).

10. Reactor (10, 30) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in the wall of the first tube (11) at the lower end (15) of the second tube (12) One or more holes (13) creating a fluid connection between said coaxial channel (21) and the interior of said first tube (11) are provided at a distance above.

11. Reactor (10, 30) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said particles (17, 34) comprise one or more of the following particles (17, 34):

· Filter sand such as pomegranate sand and/or quartz sand;

· Basalt;

Granular activated carbon;

• Biomass on a support or not on a support;

·Crystal;

Minerals;

·lignite;

·Pellets;

·pumice;

·anthracite.

12. Reactor (10, 30) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said fluid comprises water.

13. Reactor (10, 30) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said bed is a filter such as a sand filter.

14. Reactor (10, 30) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second tube (12) is of such a length that its upper side lies during operation of the reactor (10, 30) above the bed.

15. A method of deactivating a reactor (10, 30) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein in the first step of maintaining the gas supply, the gas supply is first reduced to a level so that said particles (17, 34) pass through said bed along the lower end (15) of said second pipe (12) to hinder the supply of fluid; in a second step after said first step , keep the gas supply at the level or keep the gas supply at a lower level until the particles (17, 34) located in the second tube (12) are substantially removed from the first tube by the gas (16) Two pipes (12) are released to said first pipe (11); in a third step after said second step, said gas supply is turned off.

16. Method according to claim 15, wherein said second step is continued until said second tube (12) and said first tube (11) are substantially free of particles (17, 34).

17. A gas lift pump for a reactor vessel supplied with a fluid comprising a bed of particulate material, said gas lift pump comprising:

- a first tube (11) positioned vertically in use and having an open upper side and an open lower end (14); and

- an air port (20) for blowing a gas (16) such as air;

The gas port (20) is arranged under the first tube (11), so that when the gas (16) is blown in during use, the gas (16) blown into the first tube (11) makes the the density of the fluid in the first tube (11) is reduced, thereby creating an upward lift flow of fluid entering said first tube (11);

It is characterized by:

The gas lift pump also includes a second tube (12) having an open lower end (15);

the bottom portion of the second tube (12) concentrically surrounds the bottom portion of the first tube (11) to form a coaxial channel (21) around the bottom portion of the first tube (11); and

The upper side of the second tube (12) is open so that fluid can be drawn at the upper side of the second tube (12) due to the suction of the upward lift flow into the first tube (11) pumped in.

18. The gas lift pump according to claim 17, wherein, viewed from the vertical direction, the lower end (14) of the opening of the first pipe (11) is lower than the lower end (14) of the opening of the second pipe (12) ( 15).

19. A gas lift pump according to claim 18, wherein d is the diameter of the first pipe (11), or at least the diameter of the bottom portion of the first pipe (11), D is the diameter of the first pipe (11) The diameter of the second tube (12), or at least the diameter of the bottom portion of said second tube (12), is subject to the following relationship: 0.5D≤d≤0.7D.

20. The gas lift pump according to claim 19, wherein the distance Z between the lower end of the inner tube and the lower end of the outer tube has a value of approximately 0.2(D-d).

21. A gas lift pump according to any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein d is the diameter of the first tube (11), or at least the diameter of the bottom portion of the first tube (11) , D is the diameter of said second tube (12), or at least the diameter of the bottom portion of said second tube (12), and the following relationship applies: 0.5D≤d≤0.7D.

22. The gas lift pump of claim 21, wherein d has a value of approximately 0.6D.

23. A gas lift pump according to any one of claims 17 to 22, wherein d is the diameter of the first tube (11), or at least the diameter of the bottom portion of the first tube (11) , and holds for the following relationship: 2cm≤d≤100cm.

24. The gas lift pump according to any one of claims 17 to 23, wherein the gas port (20) is arranged below the open lower end (14) of the first tube (11) and directed towards the The inside of the first tube (11) so that during operation all the gas (16) which is blown in is directed towards said first tube (11).

25. A gas lift pump according to any one of claims 17 to 24, wherein in the wall of the first tube (11 ) above the lower end (15) of the second tube (12) At a distance, one or more holes (13) are provided creating a fluid connection between said coaxial channel (21) and the interior of said first tube (11).