CN101641009A - 取代的1,3-二氧杂环己烷前药及其应用 - Google Patents
取代的1,3-二氧杂环己烷前药及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;hydroxy-[[phosphonatomethyl(phosphonomethyl)amino]methyl]phosphinate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)([O-])=O)CP([O-])([O-])=O SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940046728 tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- LNPDTQAFDNKSHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N valdecoxib Chemical compound CC=1ON=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1C1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 LNPDTQAFDNKSHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明涉及含有1,3-二氧杂环己烷部分的化合物的前药、其药物组合物以及该化合物和组合物在调控血栓烷A2或过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体中的应用。所述化合物的前药、类似物及其药学上可接受的盐和所述药物组合物能够用于治疗和预防癌症。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2007年11月21日提交的序号为60/989,805的美国临时申请、2007年11月21日提交的序号为60/989,806的美国临时申请、2007年11月21日提交的序号为60/989,808的美国临时申请和2007年1月18日提交的PCT/US07/60724号PCT申请的利益和优先权,这些文件在这里以全文引用的方式并入本申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及含有1,3-二氧杂环己烷部分的前药、含有这些化合物的组合物以及使用这些化合物和组合物调控血栓烷A2和/或过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体的用途。这些化合物和组合物可用于治疗或调控血栓烷A2和/或过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体可能参与其中的疾病、这些疾病的症状或者由血栓烷A2和/或过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体介导的其它生理事件的效应。
背景技术
过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体(PPAR)是核激素受体。PPAR受体通过以与类视黄醇X受体(称为RXR)的杂二聚体的形式结合到称为过氧化物酶体增殖物反应元件(PPRE)的DNA序列元件上而激活转录。已经鉴别出人PPAR的三种亚型,描述为PPAR-α、PPAR-γ和PPAR-δ(或NUCI)。PPAR-α主要在肝中表达,而PPAR-δ是普遍存在的。PPAR-γ参与调控脂肪细胞的分化,其中它被高表达。它在系统脂质动态平衡中也起到关键的作用。许多调控PPAR活性的化合物已经得到确认,包括噻唑烷二酮类(thiazolidinediones),其已经用于糖尿病的治疗。
PPAR-γ亚型的DNA序列在Elbrecht等人,BBRC 224;431-437(1996)中有描述。包括贝特类(fibrates)和脂肪酸类的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活PPAR的转录活性。
文献中提供了大量的例子说明PPAR密切地参与与表达这些核受体的细胞相关联的多种疾病和病理状态。更特别地,PPAR在降低血糖、胆固醇和甘油三酯水平的方法中可作为药物靶点,并且相应地探索其用于治疗和/或预防胰岛素抵抗、血脂异常和其它与X综合征(也称为“代谢综合征”)相关的疾病的用途(WO 97/25042、WO 97/10813、WO97/28149;还可参见Kaplan等人,2001,J Cardiovasc Risk,8,211-7),其它与X综合征相关的疾病包括肥胖症和动脉粥样硬化(Duez等人,2001,J.Cardiovasc.Risk,8,185-186)、冠心病和其它特定的心血管疾病。而且,PPAR已显示出是治疗特定的炎性疾病(例如皮肤病(见Smith等人,2001,J.Cutan.Med.Surg.,5,231-43)、胃肠道疾病(WO 98/43081)或包括肾小球性肾炎、肾小球硬化症、肾病综合征和高血压性肾硬化的肾病)的潜在靶点。类似地,PPAR可用于改善神经病(Landreth和Heneka,2001,NeurobiolAging,22,937-44)或痴呆症中的认知功能,用于治疗牛皮癣、多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)或用于预防和治疗骨丢失,例如骨质疏松症(见例如US5,981,586或US 6,291,496)。
因此,PPAR是令人兴奋的开发治疗用化合物的靶点。尽管在用于治疗和/或预防疾病或病理状态的各种方法的环境中观察到的反应鼓舞人心,例如噻唑烷二酮(TZD)类药品(例如罗格列酮和吡格列酮)在改善2型糖尿病患者的胰岛素敏感性中毫无疑义地起到了关键的作用(见Cheng lai和Levine,2000,Heart Dis.,2,326-333),但是它们还没有实现完全令人满意的治疗,因为出现了多种严重的不良副作用(例如体重增加、高血压、心脏肥大、血液稀释、肝毒性和水肿;见Haskins等人,2001,ArchToxicol.,75,425-438;Yamamoto等人,2001,Life Sci.,70,471-482;Scheen,2001,Diabetes Metab.,27,305-313;Gale,2001,Lancet,357,1870-1875;Forman等人,2000,Ann.Intern.Med.,132,118-121和AlSalman等人,2000,Ann.Intern.Med.,132,121-124)。因此,人们希望鉴别出使与表达PPAR核受体的细胞类型相关的疾病或病理状态的治疗和/或预防成为可能的新型改良产品和/或新方法。更特别地,所观察到的TZD衍生物的大部分副作用是由于所述化合物的完全激动剂特性,因此人们希望鉴别出不必然是完全激动剂的新化合物。
血栓烷受体参与血小板的聚集,且牵连到血管收缩以及支气管和气管平滑肌的收缩中。公开号为94239的欧洲专利申请、公开号为0266980的欧洲专利申请和USPN 4895962提到了特定的4-苯基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基链烯酸衍生物,并且描述了其作为血栓烷受体拮抗剂的潜在用途。
能够阻断由血栓烷A2和/或过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体的异常活性导致的疾病病状和/或症状的血栓烷A2和/或过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体的选择性调节剂的开发受到相当大的关注。然而,还需要作为血栓烷A2和/或过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体(PPAR)调节剂的其它化合物,以及与血栓烷A2和/或过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体相关的疾病的治疗和预防方法。
发明概述
本发明提供含有1,3-二氧杂环己烷部分的化合物的前药、含有这些化合物的组合物、用于合成这些化合物的方法和中间体以及使用这些化合物的方法,包括在治疗和/或预防由血栓烷A2和/或过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体(PPAR)介导的疾病中使用这些化合物的方法。
本发明的化合物是血栓烷A2和/或过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体的强效调节剂。相应地,在另一方面,本发明提供使用这些化合物作为PPAR激动剂、TP受体拮抗剂、血栓烷合酶(TS)抑制剂中任何一种的方法,包括使受体与有效量的本发明的化合物或组合物接触以有效地进行调控。该方法可以在体外或体内实施,并且可以作为一种有助于疾病治疗和/或预防的治疗学方法,例如肿瘤(包括癌症和转移)的治疗,以及和血栓烷A2或过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体相关的其它疾病的治疗和预防。
本发明的化合物可用于,但不限于,癌症和相关疾病的预防或治疗。本发明的化合物具有血栓烷A2抑制作用和/或过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体活化作用,因此,本发明的化合物可在治疗中用作抗肿瘤药。本发明的化合物可用于治疗肥胖症、糖尿病及通常相关的疾病例如心血管和肝病。
本发明的化合物可作为血栓烷A2的抑制剂和/或激活过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体(PPAR),并且因此在治疗与这些受体相关的疾病中有效。这些化合物例如可用于以下临床病症的治疗或预防:代谢综合征,肥胖症,胰岛素抵抗,前驱糖尿病,糖尿病,血脂异常,自身免疫性疾病例如多发性硬化症、牛皮癣、特应性皮炎、哮喘和溃疡性结肠炎,癌症例如脂肪肉瘤、成神经细胞瘤、膀胱癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、肺癌、胰腺癌和前列腺癌,炎症,感染,AIDS和伤口愈合。
此外,这些化合物例如可用于以下临床病症的治疗或预防:心肌梗塞、血栓症、血栓性疾病、肺动脉高血压、动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病性肾病、视网膜病、外周动脉疾病、较低的肢循环(lower limb circulation)、肺栓塞、血栓形成、支架触发的血栓形成、支架诱导的再狭窄、增生、支架触发的增生、感染性休克、先兆子痫、哮喘、鼻炎、过敏性鼻炎、肿瘤血管生成和转移。
一方面、本发明提供含有1,3-二氧杂环己烷部分,尤其是二芳基1,3-二氧杂环己烷部分,的化合物的前药,以及含有这些化合物的组合物。这些含有1,3-二氧杂环己烷部分的化合物具有以下通式:
其中R1、R2、R3和R4可以独立地选自氢、卤素、卤烷基、氰基、硝基、羟基、烷基、烯基、芳基、烷氧基、芳氧基、芳烷氧基(aralkoxyl)、烷基脲基、芳基脲基、氨基、烷基氨基、芳基氨基、二烷基氨基、二芳基氨基、芳基烷基氨基、氨基羰基、烷基氨基羰基、芳基氨基羰基、烷基羰基氧基、芳基羰基氧基、羧基、烷氧基羰基、芳氧基羰基、磺基、烷基磺酰基氨基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、烷基亚磺酰基、芳基亚磺酰基或杂芳基。
本发明的一个方面中,本发明提供式(III)的前药
其中X可以是氢、卤素、氰基、硝基、羟基、卤烷基、烷基或O-R,其中R是低级烷基基团;n可以是0、1、2、3、4或5;Z1和Z2可以独立地选自O、N或S,并且Rp和Rp’可以独立地选自H、低级烷基或前体基团(progroup)。所述前药因此可以是其中Z1和Z2都可以是O且Rp或Rp’中的至少一个是前体基团(例如低级烷基、酯、酰胺等)的化合物。所述前体基团Rp和Rp’可以在体内代谢以产生含有二芳基1,3-二氧杂环己烷部分的活性药物。所述前药和组合物可以用于抑制血栓烷A2和/或活化PPAR的方法。
另一方面,本发明提供治疗和/或预防癌症的方法。所述方法一般包括向患有癌症或者有患癌症风险的对象给予有效地治疗或预防该疾病的量的本发明的化合物或组合物。所述方法可以在动物或人体中实施。
优选实施方式的具体说明
定义
除非另行说明,本申请中所用的(包括在说明书和权利要求书中使用的)以下术语具有下面给出的定义。应当注意的是,在说明书和所附的权利要求书中所用的单数形式“一”(“a”、“an”)和“该”(“the”)包括所指代对象的复数形式,除非上下文给出了明确的相反说明。标准化学术语的定义可以在参考书中找到,包括Carey和Sundberg(1992)″Advanced OrganicChemistry 3rd Ed.″A卷和B卷,纽约Plenum出版社。除非另行说明,本发明的实施将采用本领域技术范围内的常规的质谱、蛋白质化学、生物化学、重组DNA技术和药理学的方法。
本文中所用的以下术语意在具有下面的含义:
“烷基(alkyl)”,就其本身来说或者作为另一取代基的一部分,指饱和或不饱和的支链、直链或环状单价烃基基团,其通过从母体烷烃、烯烃或炔烃的单个碳原子上除去一个氢原子得到。典型的烷基包括,但不限于甲基;乙基类例如乙烷基、乙烯基、乙炔基;丙基类例如丙烷-1-基、丙烷-2-基、环丙烷-1-基、丙-1-烯-1-基、丙-1-烯-2-基、丙-2-烯-1-基(烯丙基)、环丙-1-烯-1-基;环丙-2-烯-1-基、丙-1-炔-1-基、丙-2-炔-1-基等;丁基类例如丁烷-1-基、丁烷-2-基、2-甲基-丙烷-1-基、2-甲基-丙烷-2-基、环丁烷-1-基、丁-1-烯-1-基、丁-1-烯-2-基、2-甲基-丙-1-烯-1-基、丁-2-烯-1-基、丁-2-烯-2-基、丁-1,3-二烯-1-基、丁-1,3-二烯-2-基、环丁-1-烯-1-基、环丁-1-烯-3-基、环丁-1,3-二烯-1-基、丁-1-炔-1-基、丁-1-炔-3-基、丁-3-炔-1-基等,诸如此类。
术语“烷基”特别意在包括具有任何饱和度或饱和水平的基团,即只具有碳-碳单键的基团、具有一个或多个碳-碳双键的基团、具有一个或多个碳-碳三键的基团以及具有混合的碳-碳单键、双键和三键的基团。当意在表示特定的饱和水平时,使用“烷烃基(alkanyl)”、“烯烃基”和“炔烃基”进行表述。优选地,烷基含有1-15个碳原子(C1-C15烷基),更优选地,含有1-10个碳原子(C1-C10烷基),甚至更优选地,含有1-6个碳原子(C1-C6烷基或低级烷基)。
“烷烃基”,就其本身来说或者作为另一取代基的一部分,指饱和的支链、直链或环状烷基基团,其通过从母体烷烃的单个碳原子上除去一个氢原子得到。典型的烷烃基包括,但不限于甲烷基(methanyl);乙烷基(ethanyl);丙烷基(propanyl)例如丙烷-1-基、丙烷-2-基(异丙基)、环丙烷-1-基等;丁烷基(butanyl)例如丁烷-1-基、丁烷-2-基(仲丁基)、2-甲基-丙烷-1-基(异丁基)、2-甲基-丙烷-2-基(叔丁基)、环丁烷-1-基;戊烷基(pentanyl)例如戊-1-基、戊-2-基、戊-3-基、环戊-1-基;己烷基(hexanyl)例如己烷-1-基、己烷-3-基、环己烷-1-基等;庚烷基(heptanyl)例如庚烷-1-基、庚烷-2-基、环庚烷-1-基等,诸如此类。
“烯烃基”,就其本身来说或者作为另一取代基的一部分,指具有至少一个碳-碳双键的不饱和的支链、直链或环状烷基基团,其通过从母体烯烃的单个碳原子上除去一个氢原子得到。该基团的双键可以是双键的顺式或反式构型。典型的烯烃基团包括,但不限于乙烯基;丙烯基例如丙-1-烯-1-基、丙-1-烯-2-基、丙-2-烯-1-基(烯丙基)、丙-2-烯-2-基、环丙-1-烯-1-基;环丙-2-烯-1-基;丁烯基例如丁-1-烯-1-基、丁-1-烯-2-基、2-甲基-丙-1-烯-1-基、丁-2-烯-1-基、丁-2-烯-1-基、丁-2-烯-2-基、丁-1,3-二烯-1-基、丁-1,3-二烯-2-基、环丁-1-烯-1-基、环丁-1-烯-3-基、环丁-1,3-二烯-1-基等,诸如此类。
“炔烃基”,就其本身来说或者作为另一取代基的一部分,指具有至少一个碳-碳三键的不饱和的支链、直链或环状烷基基团,其通过从母体炔烃的单个碳原子上除去一个氢原子得到。典型的炔烃基包括,但不限于乙炔基;丙炔基例如丙-1-炔-1-基、丙-2-炔-1-基等;丁炔基例如丁-1-炔-1-基、丁-1-炔-3-基、丁-3-炔-1-基等,诸如此类。
“烷二基(alkyldiyl)”,就其本身来说或者作为另一取代基的一部分,指饱和或不饱和的支链、直链或环状二价烃基基团,其通过从母体烷烃、烯烃或炔烃的两个不同的碳原子上各除去一个氢原子得到,或者通过从母体烷烃、烯烃或炔烃的单个碳原子上除去两个氢原子得到。这两个单价的基团中心或者二价基团中心的各个价可以与相同或不同的原子形成键。典型的烷二基包括,但不限于甲烷二基;乙基二基类例如乙烷-1,1-二基、乙烷-1,2-二基、乙烯-1,1-二基、乙烯-1,2-二基;丙基二基类例如丙烷-1,1-二基、丙烷-1,2-二基、丙烷-2,2-二基、丙烷-1,3-二基、环丙烷-1,1-二基、环丙烷-1,2-一二基、丙-1-烯-1,1-二基、丙-1-烯-1,2-二基、丙-2-烯-1,2-二基、丙-1-烯-1,3-二基、环丙-1-烯-1,2-二基、环丙-2-烯-1,2-二基、环丙-2-烯-1,1-二基、丙-1-炔-1,3-二基等;丁基二基类例如丁烷-1,1-二基、丁烷-1,2-二基、丁烷-1,3-二基、丁烷-1,4-二基、丁烷-2,2-二基、2-甲基-丙烷-1,1-二基、2-甲基-丙烷-1,2-二基、环丁烷-1,1-二基;环丁烷-1,2-二基、环丁烷-1,3-二基、丁-1-烯-1,1-二基、丁-1-烯-1,2-二基、丁-1-烯-1,3-二基、丁-1-烯-1,4-二基、2-甲基-丙-1-烯-1,1-二基、2-甲叉(meethanylidene)-丙烷-1,1-二基、丁-1,3-二烯-1,1-二基、丁-1,3-二烯-1,2-二基、丁-1,3-二烯-1,3-二基、丁-1,3-二烯-1,4-二基、环丁-1-烯-1,2-二基、环丁-1-烯-1,3-二基、环丁-2-烯-1,2-亚基、环丁-1,3-二烯-1,2-二基、环丁-1,3-二烯-1,3-二基、丁-1-炔-1,3-二基、丁-1-炔-1,4-二基、丁-1,3-二炔-1,4-二基等,诸如此类。当意在表示特定的饱和水平时,使用烷二基、烯二基和炔二基的命名进行表述。当特别意在表示两个价在同一个碳原子上时,使用命名“次烷基”。在优选的实施方式中,烷二基含有1-6个碳原子(C1-C6烷二基)。还优选饱和的非环状烷二基,其中基团中心位于末端碳原子上,例如甲烷二基(亚甲基(methano));乙烷-1,2-二基(亚乙基(ethano));丙烷-1,3-二基(亚丙基(propano));丁烷-1,4-二基(亚丁基(butano))等,诸如此类(也称为亚烷基(alkyleno),如下面所定义)。
“烷氧基”,就其本身来说或者作为另一取代基的一部分,指式-OR的基团,其中R是本文中定义的烷基或环烷基。烷氧基代表性的例子包括,但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、叔丁氧基、环丙氧基、环戊氧基、环己氧基等。
“芳基”,就其本身来说或者作为另一取代基的一部分,指单价芳香烃基基团,如本文中定义的其通过从母体芳环系统的单个碳原子上除去一个氢原子得到。典型的芳基,包括但不限于源自醋蒽烯(aceanthrylene)、苊烯、醋菲烯(acephenanthrylene)、蒽、甘菊环、苯、(chrysene)、六苯并苯、荧蒽、芴、并六苯、己芬、己搭烯(hexalene)、不对称吲丹烯(as-indacene)、对称吲丹烯(s-indacene)、茚满、茚、萘、并八苯(octacene)、辛芬(octaphene)、辛搭烯(octalene)、间二蒽嵌四并苯、戊-2,4-二烯、并五苯、戊搭烯、戊芬、二萘嵌苯、非那烯(phenalene)、菲、二萘品并苯、七曜烯(pleiadene)、芘、皮蒽、玉红省(rubicene)、苯并菲、联三萘(trinaphthalene)的基团。优选地,芳基含有6-20个碳原子(C6-C20芳基),更优选地,含有6-15个碳原子(C6-C15芳基),并且再优选地,含有6-10个碳原子(C6-C10芳基)。
“芳氧基”,就其本身来说或者作为另一取代基的一部分,指式-O-芳基的基团,其中芳基如同本文中所定义。
“芳基氧基羰基”,就其本身来说或者作为另一取代基的一部分,指式-C(O)-O-芳基的基团,其中芳基如同本文中所定义。
“本发明的化合物”指本文中公开的各种描述和结构式所涵盖的化合物。本发明的化合物可以通过其化学结构和/或化学命名确认。当化学结构和化学命名冲突时,化学结构是确定化合物的决定性因素。本发明的化合物可以含有一个或多个手性中心和/或双键,从而可以作为立体异构体存在,例如双键异构体(即几何异构体)、旋转异构体、对映异构体或非对映异构体。相应地,当手性中心的立体化学性质没有明确时,本文中所描绘的化学结构包括那些手性中心所有可能的构型,包括立体异构体纯的形式(例如几何异构体纯、对映异构体纯或非对映异构体纯)及对映异构体和立体异构体的混合物,其例外是当只明确说明了一个对映异构体时,该结构也包括另外一个对映异构体。使用本领域技术人员公知的分离技术或手性合成技术,对映异构体和立体异构体的混合物可以拆分成它们的组成对映异构体或立体异构体。本发明的化合物也可以几种互变异构形式存在,包括烯醇形式、酮形式及其混合物。相应地,本文中所描绘的化学结构包括所示化合物的所有可能的互变异构形式。本发明的化合物还可以包括同位素标记的化合物,其中一个或多个原子的原子量不同于自然界中惯常发现的原子量。可以结合入本发明化合物中的同位素的例子包括,但不限于2H、3H、11C、13C、14C、15N、18O、17O、31P、32P、35S、18F和36Cl。本发明的化合物可以非溶剂化和溶剂化的形式存在,包括水合形式和N-氧化物形式。一般,水合的、溶剂化的和N-氧化物形式在本发明的范围内。本发明特定的化合物可以多种晶型或无定型形式存在。通常,所有的物理形式对于本发明预期的用途是等效的,并且都意图包括在本发明的范围之内。
“环烷基”,就其本身来说或者作为另一取代基的一部分,如本文中所定义的指饱和或不饱和的环状烷基基团。当意在表示特定的饱和水平时,使用命名“环链烷基”或“环链烯基”。典型的环烷基包括,但不限于衍生自环丙烷、环丁烷、环戊烷、环己烷、环庚烷等的基团。优选地,所述环烷基含有3-10个环原子(C3-C10环烷基),更优选3-7个环原子(C3-C7环烷基)。
“环杂烷基”,就其本身来说或者作为另一取代基的一部分,指饱和或不饱和的环状烷基基团,其中一个或多个碳原子(以及任选地任何相关的氢原子)独立地被相同或不同的杂原子替换。典型的替换碳原子的杂原子包括,但不限于N、P、O、S、Si等。当意在表示特定的饱和水平时,使用命名“环杂链烷基”或“环杂链烯基”。典型的环杂烷基包括,但不限于衍生自环氧化物、氮呤类(azirines)、硫杂丙烷类(thiiranes)、咪唑烷(imidazolidine)、吗啉、哌嗪、哌啶、吡唑烷、吡咯烷酮、奎宁环等的基团。优选地,所述环杂烷基含有3-10个环原子(3-10元环杂烷基),更优选5-7个环原子(5-7元环杂烷基)。
“卤素”或“卤基”,就其本身来说或者作为另一取代基的一部分,指氟、氯、溴和/或碘基团。
“卤烷基”,就其本身来说或者作为另一取代基的一部分,指本文中所定义的烷基,其中一个或多个氢原子被卤素基团替换。术语“卤烷基”具体地意在包括单卤烷基、二卤烷基、三卤烷基等直至全卤烷基。取代卤烷基的卤素基团可以是相同的,或者它们可以是不同的。例如,术语“(C1-C2)卤烷基”包括1-氟甲基、1-氟-2-氯乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、1-氟乙基、1,1-二氟乙基、1,2-二氟乙基、1,1,1-三氟乙基、全氟乙基等。
“卤烷基氧基”,就其本身来说或者作为另一取代基的一部分,指式-O-卤烷基的基团,其中卤烷基如同本文中所定义。
“杂芳基”,就其本身来说或者作为另一取代基的一部分,指单价杂芳香基团,如本文所定义的其通过从母体杂芳香环系统的单个碳原子上除去一个氢原子得到。典型的杂芳基包括,但不限于衍生自吖啶、β-咔啉、色烷、色烯、噌啉、呋喃、咪唑、吲唑、吲哚、二氢吲哚、中氮茚、异苯并呋喃、异色烯、异吲哚、异吲哚啉(isoindoline)、异喹啉、异噻唑、异噁唑、1,5-二氮杂萘、噁二唑、噁唑、萘嵌间二氮杂苯、菲啶、邻二氮杂菲、吩嗪、酞嗪、蝶啶、嘌呤、吡喃、吡嗪、吡唑、哒嗪、吡啶、嘧啶、吡咯、吡咯里嗪(pyrrolizine)、喹唑啉、喹啉、喹嗪、喹喔啉、四唑、噻二唑、噻唑、噻吩、三唑、呫吨等的基团。优选地,所述杂芳基含有5-20个环原子(5-20元环杂芳基),更优选5-10个环原子(5-10元环杂芳基)。优选的杂芳基是那些衍生自呋喃、噻吩、吡咯、苯并噻吩、苯并呋喃、苯并咪唑、吲哚、吡啶、吡唑、喹啉、咪唑、噁唑、异噁唑和吡嗪的基团。
“药学上可接受的盐”指与本领域一般认为在制药应用上可接受的抗衡离子形成,并具有母体化合物预期的药理活性的本发明化合物的盐。这些盐包括:(1)与无机酸或者有机酸形成的酸加成盐,所述无机酸例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等,所述有机酸例如乙酸、丙酸、己酸、环戊烷丙酸、乙醇酸、丙酮酸、乳酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、3-(4-羟基苯甲酰基)苯甲酸、肉桂酸、扁桃酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、1,2-乙烷-二磺酸、2-羟基乙磺酸、苯磺酸、4-氯苯磺酸、2-萘磺酸、4-甲苯磺酸、樟脑磺酸、4-甲基双环[2.2.2]-辛-2-烯-1-羧酸、葡庚糖酸(glucoheptonic acid)、3-苯基丙酸、三甲基乙酸、叔丁基乙酸、月桂基硫酸、葡糖酸、谷氨酸、羟萘甲酸(hydroxynaphthoicacid)、水杨酸、硬脂酸、粘康酸等;或者(2)当母体化合物中存在的酸性质子被金属离子替换时所形成的盐,所述金属离子例如碱金属离子、碱土离子或者铝离子;或者和有机碱形成的配合物,所述有机碱例如乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、N-甲基葡糖胺、吗啉、哌啶、二甲胺、二乙胺等。还包括氨基酸的盐,例如精氨酸盐等,以及如葡糖醛酸(glucurmic)或半乳糖醛酸等有机酸的盐(见例如Berge等人,1977,J.Pharm.Sci.66:1-19)。
“药学上可接受的载体(vehicle)”指和本发明的化合物一起给药的稀释剂、助剂、赋形剂或载体(carrier)。
“保护基”,指当结合到分子中的反应性官能团上时屏蔽、降低或者阻止所述官能团的反应性的原子团。通常,在合成的过程中,保护基能够根据需要选择性地除去。保护基的例子可以在Greene和Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry,3rd Ed.,1999,John Wiley & Sons,NY以及Harrison等人,Compendium of Synthetic Organic Methods,Vols.1-8,1971-1996,John Wiley & Sons,NY中找到。代表性的氨基保护基包括,但不限于甲酰基、乙酰基、三氟乙酰基、苄基、苄氧羰基(“CBZ”)、叔丁氧羰基(“Boc”)、三甲基甲硅烷基(“TMS”)、2-三甲基甲硅烷基-乙磺酰基(“SES”)、三苯甲基和取代的三苯甲基、烯丙氧基羰基、9-芴基甲氧基羰基(“FMOC”)、硝基-藜芦基氧基羰基(“NVOC”)等。代表性的羟基保护基包括,但不限于其中所述羟基被酰化(例如甲基和乙基酯、乙酸酯或丙酸酯基团或者二醇酯)或者被烷基化(例如苄基和三苯甲基醚,以及烷基醚、四氢吡喃基醚、三烷基甲硅烷基醚(例如TMS或TIPPS基团)和烯丙基醚)的那些基团。
“前药”指活性化合物(药物)的衍生物,其在使用条件下(例如在体内)经过转化释放活性药物。前药在转化成活性药物前常常是无药理学活性的,但这不是必然的。前药通常通过用前体基团(progroup)(下面定义)屏蔽所述药物中被认为在某种程度上为其活性所需要的官能团而获得,形成在特定的使用条件下经过转化(例如裂解)释放出该官能团并进而释放该活性药物的前体部分(promoiety)或“前体基团”。前体部分的裂解可以自发地进行,例如通过水解反应进行,或者可以用另一试剂催化或诱导,例如通过酶、光、酸或者通过物理或环境参数的改变(例如温度改变)或暴露于特定的物理或环境参数,或者通过以上方式的组合。所述试剂可以是使用条件本身具有的,例如前药所施用的细胞中存在的酶或者是胃的酸性条件,或者所述试剂可以外源性地提供。
适合用于屏蔽活性化合物中的官能团以生成前药的多种前体基团是本领域公知的。例如,羟基官能团可以屏蔽为磺酸酯、酯或碳酸酯前体部分,其可以在体外水解以提供该羟基基团。氨基官能团可以屏蔽为酰胺、亚胺、氧膦基、膦酰基、磷酰基或亚磺酰基前体部分,其可以在体内水解以提供该氨基基团。羧基基团可以屏蔽为酯(包括甲硅烷基酯和硫酯)、酰胺或酰肼前体部分,其可以在体内水解以提供该羧基基团。其它合适的前体基团的具体例子及其各自的前体部分对于本领域的技术人员来说是显而易见的。
“前体基团”指当用于屏蔽活性药物中的官能团时,将所述药物转化成前药的一类保护基。前体基团通常通过可在特定的使用条件下裂解的键连接至所述药物的官能团。
“取代的”,当用于修饰具体的基团或基时,指所指的基团或基的一个或多个氢原子彼此独立地各被相同或者不同的取代基替换。可用于取代所指的基团或基中的饱和碳原子的取代基包括,但不限于-Ra、卤素、-O-、=O、-ORb、-SRb、-S-、=S、-NRcRc、=NRb、=N-ORb、三卤甲基、-CF3、-CN、-OCN、-SCN、-NO、-NO2、=N2、-N3、-S(O)2Rb、-S(O)2O-、-(CH2)0-4S(O)2ORb、-OS(O)2Rb、-OS(O)2O-、-OS(O)2ORb、-P(O)(O-)2、-P(O)(ORb)(O-)、-P(O)(ORb)(ORb)、-C(O)Rb、-C(S)Rb、-C(NRb)Rb、-C(O)O-、-C(O)ORb、-C(S)ORb、-C(O)NRcRc、-C NRb)NRcRc、-OC(O)Rb、-OC(S)Rb、-OC(O)O-、-OC(O)ORb、-OC(S)ORb、-NRbC(O)Rb、-NRbC(S)Rb、-NRbC(O)O-、-NRbC(O)ORb、-NRbC(S)ORb、-NRbC(O)NRcRc、-NRbC(NRb)Rb和-NRbC(NRb)NRcRc,其中Ra选自烷基、环烷基、杂烷基、环杂烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基和杂芳基烷基;各Rb独立地是氢或Ra;各Rc独立地是Rb,或者可选择地,两个Rc与它们键合的氮原子一起形成5-、6-或7-元环杂烷基,其可以任选地包括1-4个相同或不同的选自O、N和S的其它杂原子。作为具体的例子,-NRcRc意在包括-NH2、-NH-烷基、N-吡咯烷基和N-吗啉基。
本文中所用的术语“对象”包括哺乳动物和非哺乳动物。哺乳动物的例子包括,但不限于哺乳动物纲的任何成员:人类;非人类灵长动物例如黑猩猩以及其它猿类和猴类;农畜例如牛、马、绵羊、山羊、猪;家畜例如兔、狗和猫;实验室动物,包括啮齿类,例如大鼠、小鼠和豚鼠,等等。非哺乳动物的例子包括,但不限于鸟类、鱼类等。该术语并不表示特定的年龄或性别。
本文中所用的术语“治疗”(“treat”或“treatment”)可以替换使用,并意在表示延缓疾病的发展和/或减轻将要发生或预计要发生的症状的严重程度,其中所述疾病与激酶的功能相关。该术语还包括缓解已有的症状、预防其它的症状以及改善或预防症状的基础代谢的病因。
本发明的化合物可用于调控血栓烷A2和/或PPAR的活性。这些化合物可以是PPAR激动剂、TP受体拮抗剂或者TS抑制剂。在上下文中,所述受体活性的抑制和降低指与细胞或对象没有用试验化合物处理的对照试验相比,检测到的活性水平较低。在特别的方面,检测到的活性的抑制或降低为至少10%的降低或抑制。本领域技术人员知道,检测到的活性的抑制或降低达到至少20%、50%、75%、90%或100%,或达到其间的任何数字,对于特定的应用可能是优选的。
化合物
如发明概述部分所描述的,本发明提供了含有1,3-二氧杂环己烷部分的生物活性化合物的前药,例如2007年1月18日提交的序号为PCT/US07/60724的国际申请中所描述的各种1,3-二氧杂环己烷化合物。由于这些化合物可用作PPAR调节剂、TP受体拮抗剂和/或TS抑制剂,1,3-二氧杂环己烷化合物的前药受到特别关注。所述前药通常包括其中一个或多个可用的羧酸基团、酚基、羟基或者伯胺或仲胺基团被前体基团Rp屏蔽的活性1,3-二氧杂环己烷化合物,前体基团Rp在体内代谢以生成所述活性1,3-二氧杂环己烷药物。
所述1,3-二氧杂环己烷部分具有式(I):
其中R1、R2、R3和R4可以独立地选自氢、卤素、卤烷基、氰基、硝基、羟基、烷基、烯基、芳基、烷氧基、芳氧基、芳烷氧基、烷基脲基、芳基脲基、氨基、烷基氨基、芳基氨基、二烷基氨基、二芳基氨基、芳基烷基氨基、氨基羰基、烷基氨基羰基、芳基氨基羰基、烷基羰基氧基、芳基羰基氧基、羧基、烷氧基羰基、芳氧基羰基、磺基、烷基磺酰基氨基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、烷基亚磺酰基、芳基亚磺酰基或杂芳基。
特别地,所述1,3-二氧杂环己烷部分具有式(II)的结构:
其中R1可以是氢、卤素、氰基、羟基或烷基;R2可以是氢、烷基、烯基、芳基、杂芳基,或者任选被一个或多个取代基取代的C3-30环或者杂环;X可以是CH或N;n可以是0、1、2、3、4或5;并且R5可以是H、OH、烷氧基、烷基或卤素。所述取代基可以是H、-Ra、卤素、-O-、=O、-ORb、-SRb、-S-、=S、-NRcRc、=NRb、=N-ORb、三卤甲基、-CF3、-CN、-OCN、-SCN、-NO、-NO2、=N2、-N3、-S(O)2Rb、-S(O)2O-、-(CH2)0-4S(O)2ORb、-OS(O)2Rb、-OS(O)2O-、-OS(O)2ORb、-P(O)(O-)2、-P(O)(ORb)(O-)、-P(O)(ORb)(ORb)、-C(O)Rb、-C(S)Rb、-C(NRb)Rb、-C(O)O-、-C(O)ORb、-C(S)ORb、-C(O)NRcRc、-C(NRb)NRcRc、-OC(O)Rb、-OC(S)Rb、-OC(O)O-、-OC(O)ORb、-OC(S)ORb、-NRbC(O)Rb、-NRbC(S)Rb、-NRbC(O)O-、-NRbC(O)ORb、-NRbC(S)ORb、-NRbC(O)NRcRc、-NRbC(NRb)Rb 和-NRbC(NRb)NRcRc,其中Ra选自烷基、环烷基、杂烷基、环杂烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基和杂芳基烷基;各个Rb独立地是氢或Ra;各个Rc独立地是Rb,或者可选择地,两个Rc与它们键合的氮原子一起形成5-、6-或7-元环杂烷基,其可以任选地包括1-4个相同或不同的选自O、N和S的其它杂原子。所述C3-30环或者杂环可以是非取代的、单取代的或多取代的苊、苯并噻吩、苯并二氢吡喃-4-酮、吲哚、久洛尼定(julolidine)、萘、喹啉等。
特别地,本发明提供含有2,4-二芳基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷部分的新型化合物,以及含有这些化合物的组合物。一方面,本发明的化合物具有式(III):
其中X可以是氢、卤素、氰基、硝基、羟基、卤烷基、烷基或O-R,其中R是低级烷基,例如甲氧基、乙氧基,等;n可以是0、1、2、3、4或5;Z1和Z2独立地选自O、N或S,并且各个Rp独立地选自H、低级烷基或前体基团。本领域技术人员可以理解,本文所描述的本发明的化合物可以包括能够被前体基团屏蔽以生成前药的官能团。这些前药在转化成其活性药物形式之前通常(但不是必需)是无药理学活性的。在本发明的前药中,任何可利用的官能部分可以用前体基团屏蔽以产生前药。本领域知道适合于屏蔽这些官能团以生成可在希望的使用条件下裂解的前体部分的众多前体基团。
具有能够被衍生化的官能团(例如酚官能团、羧基官能团、巯基官能团等)的本发明化合物可用于前药的合成。本领域技术人员可以理解,式III的化合物同时涵盖两种对映异构体,例如,如下面所示的对映异构体:
前体基团的性质可以变化,且除了别的因素以外,其还取决于希望的前药水溶性、预期的给药方式和/或预期代谢成活性2,4-二芳基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷化合物的代谢机理或位点。例如,前体基团可以是亲脂性的或亲水性的,其中亲脂性基团可用于降低水溶性,而亲水性基团可用于提高水溶性。用这种方式可以获得为选定的给药方式特别定制的前药。也可以对前体基团进行设计以赋予前药其它的性质,例如举例来说,改善被动肠吸收、改善转运介导的肠吸收、防止快速代谢(缓释前药)、组织选择性的传输、靶组织的被动富集、靶特异性转运体等。
能够赋予前药这些性质的基团是本领域已知的,且其在例如Ettmayer等人,(2004)J.Med.Chem.47:2393-2404中进行了描述。所有在这些参考文献中描述的各种不同基团都可用于本文所描述的前药中。
任何特定的前体基团对于希望的给药方式的适用性可以在生化分析中得到确认。例如,如果前药将通过注射的方式施用到特定的组织或器官中,并且已知该组织或器官中表达的各种酶的身份,则可在生化试验中用分离的酶测试特定前药的代谢。或者,可以用组织和/或器官提取物测试该特定前药转化成活性2,4-二芳基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷化合物的代谢。当靶组织或器官中表达的酶的身份不明时,或者当分离的酶不能方便地得到时,使用组织和/或器官提取物则是非常方便的。使用这种体外试验,本领域技术人员能够容易地选择具有适合于特定应用的代谢性质(例如动力学)的前体基团。该特定的前药也可以在体外动物模型中测试其合适的代谢作用。
本发明的前药设计用于克服和母体药物分子相关的基于药理学和/或药代动力学的问题,否则这些问题会限制该药物的临床使用。前药的优点在于其物理性质,例如和母体药物相比生理pH下用于肠胃外给药的水溶性提高,或者消化道的吸收增强,或者其可以改善药物长期储存的稳定性。
本发明化合物的示范性前药包括:
这些参考文献中描述的各种基团都能用于本文中描述的前药。例如,当本发明的化合物含有羧酸官能团时,前药可以包括通过该酸基团的氢原子被包括(但不限于)以下的基团替换形成的酯:例如,举例来说,(C1-C8)烷基、(C2-C12)烷酰氧基甲基、具有4-9个碳原子的1-(烷酰氧基)乙基、具有5-10个碳原子的1-甲基-1-(烷酰氧基)-乙基、具有3-6个碳原子的烷氧基羰基氧基甲基、具有4-7个碳原子的1-(烷氧基羰基氧基)乙基、具有5-8个碳原子的1-甲基-1-(烷氧基羰基氧基)乙基、具有3-9个碳原子的N-(烷氧基羰基)氨基甲基、具有4-10个碳原子的1-(N(烷氧基羰基)氨基)乙基、3-酞基、4-巴豆酰内酯基(4-crotonolactonyl)、γ-丁内酯-4-基、二-N,N-(C1-C2)烷基氨基(C2-C3)烷基、氨甲酰基-(C1-C2)烷基、N,N-二(C1-C2)烷基氨甲酰基-(C1-C2)烷基和哌啶子基-、吡咯烷基-或吗啉基(C2-C3)烷基。该前药也可以是其中-COOH基团和糖反应形成酯的化合物,所述糖优选是单糖或二糖,更优选单糖,再更优选葡萄糖。特别地,酚基可以转化成磷酸酯、烷基酯,或者用聚乙二醇(PEG)、烷基氧基羰基氧基甲基(AOCOM)或者作为立体位阻的烷氧基羰基氧基甲基衍生化,如下面所示。
合成方法
如前面所述,本发明的化合物含有1,3-二氧杂环己烷部分。本发明化合物和具有不同取代基的其它有关的化合物可以使用本领域技术人员所知的技术和原料合成,例如在如March,ADVANCED ORGANICCHEMISTRY 4th Ed.,(Wiley 1992);Carey和Sundberg,ADVANCEDORGANIC CHEMISTY 3rd Ed.,A卷和B卷(Plenum 1992)以及Green和Wuts,PROTECTIVE GROUPS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 2nd Ed.(Wiley1991)中所描述的技术和原料。用于制备本发明的化合物及其中间体的起始原料可通过商购获得,例如Aldrich Chemical Co.(Milwaukee,Wis.)、Sigma Chemical Co.(St.Louis,Mo.)或Maybridge(Cornwall,England),或者可以通过众所周知的合成方法制备(例如见Harrison等人,“Compendium of Synthetic Organic Methods”,1-8卷(John Wiley and Sons,1971-1996);“Beilstein Handbook of Organic Chemistry”,Beilstein Instituteof Organic Chemistry,Frankfurt,Germany;Feiser等人,“Reagents forOrganic Synthesis”,1-21卷,Wiley Interscience;Trost等人,“ComprehensiVe Organic Synthesis”,Pergamon Press,1991;“Theilheimer′sSynthetic Methods of Organic Chemistry”,1-45卷,Karger,1991;March,“Advanced Organic Chemistry”,Wiley Interscience,1991;Larock,“ComprehensiVe Organic Transformations”,VCH Publishers,1989;Paquette,“Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis”,3d Edition,John Wiley & Sons,1995)。其它合成本文中描述的化合物的方法和/或起始原料在本领域中有描述或者对于本领域技术人员是显而易见的。试剂和/或保护基的替代物可以在前面提到的参考文件中或者在本领域技术人员众所周知的目录中找到。选择合适的保护基的指导可以在例如Greene & Wuts,“ProtectiVe Groups in Organic Synthesis”,WileyInterscience,1999中找到。相应地,本文中呈现的合成方法和策略仅仅是例证性的,而不是详尽的。
本文中所描述的化合物和中间体可以采用可商购的起始原料和/或通过常规合成方法制备的起始原料通过多种不同的合成路线合成。可以常规使用的和/或用于合成活性1,3-二氧杂环己烷化合物的合适的示例性方法可以在4,895,962号的美国专利和2007年1月18日提交的序号为PCT/US07/60724的国际申请中找到。1,3-二氧杂环己烷化合物可进一步作为合成前药的起始原料。
因此,例如,本发明的化合物可以采用下面流程1所示的反应合成:
流程1
此外,本文中描述的合成步骤可以包括各种纯化方法,例如柱层析、快速层析、薄层层析(TLC)、重结晶、蒸馏、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)等。另外,还可以使用化学领域众所周知的用于鉴定和定量化学反应产物的各种技术,例如质子和碳13核磁共振(1H和13C NMR)、红外和紫外光谱(IR和UV)、X射线结晶学、元素分析(EA)、HPLC和质谱(MS)。保护和脱保护、纯化和鉴定以及定量的方法是化学领域众所周知的。
本发明的化合物也可以使用流程2所示的合成方法制备:
流程2
化合物的合成可能提供所述化合物的一种或多种异构体。异构体的形成可以使用典型的分析仪器检测,例如,举例来说,HPLC和1HNMR。
异构体可以分离和表征。任选地,醛和异亚丙基化合物的偶联可以用DCM中的0.5当量的樟脑磺酸催化。流程2中所示的其它步骤可以按照所示的方法进行,并且合成方法最后所获得的产物混合物可以用碳酸氢钠洗涤。DCM中樟脑磺酸的使用以及碳酸氢钠洗涤步骤使得合成低于5%的不想要的异构体。因此,樟脑磺酸的使用可以减少在醛和异亚丙基化合物的偶联中形成的不想要的异构体的量。
适应症
本发明的化合物可以用于,但不限于预防或治疗癌症和相关的疾病。本发明的化合物具有血栓烷A2和/或PPAR调控活性。本发明的化合物可用于治疗肥胖症、糖尿病、癌症、炎症、AIDS、代谢综合征、肥胖症、前驱糖尿病、高血压和血脂异常,以及通常相关的疾病,例如用作心血管和肝脏疾病的药物。
本发明的化合物可用于治疗或预防需要的个体中作为PPAR介导的疾病或病症的临床病症。所述临床病症可以是糖尿病、癌症、炎症、AIDS、代谢综合征、肥胖症、前驱糖尿病、高血压和血脂异常。
所述组合物可用于治疗和血栓烷相关的临床病症,所述临床病症可以是心肌梗塞、血栓症、血栓性疾病、肺动脉高血压、动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病性肾病、视网膜病、外周动脉疾病、下肢循环障碍、肺栓塞、血栓形成、支架触发的血栓形成、支架触发的增生、感染性休克、先兆子痫、哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、肿瘤血管生成和转移。
本发明的优选化合物是本文前面描述的作为PPAR调节剂(尤其是PPAR γ选择性调节剂(完全或部分激动剂或拮抗剂,优选激动剂))、TP受体拮抗剂或TS抑制剂的化合物或者表现出这些性质的两种或者多种的化合物中的任一种。尽管不希望被理论束缚,本发明人相信作为TP受体拮抗剂或TS抑制剂的化合物是特别理想的,因为这导致PGI2水平的增加,从而抑制血小板的聚集并且起到强效的血管扩张剂的作用。
激动剂和拮抗剂通过其结合亲和力、指定的效力/EC50/IC50值、以及通过饱和水平的化合物存在下获得的活性水平(即效价)进行表征。部分激动剂/部分拮抗剂也通过其结合力和效价进行表征。因此PPAR的部分激动剂/部分拮抗剂不能够完全活化同源的PPAR并且可以以竞争性的方式将完全激动剂从受体上置换下来,从而降低反式活化(transactivation)的水平。PPAR的完全和部分激动剂还可以募集不同的辅助因子补体,并且对于给定的PPAR亚型所募集的辅助因子的性质可能会对给定的激动剂活化的基因模式造成很深的影响。
与其它核受体相比,PPAR的配体-结合口袋很大,这可能部分解释了能够结合并且活化PPAR的化合物类型众多。在PPAR三种亚型的配体识别中存在显著的重叠,严格说来,目前还没鉴定出亚型特异性的配体。然而,几种天然和合成的配体显示出很高程度的选择性,并且时下选择性最高的配体相对于活化单个PPAR亚型所需的浓度相差达3个数量级以上。和甾体核受体激动剂类似,引入了术语“选择性PPAR调节剂”(SPPARM)(本文中也称作“部分激动剂或拮抗剂”)。这类配体包括部分激动剂/拮抗剂,其在结合到PPAR上时产生不同的构型,从而导致不同组的辅助因子的募集。原则上,SPPARM应该能够仅活化PPAR靶基因的亚群(subset),因此有可能促进所需要的基因群的特异性表达。根据本发明的化合物是PPAR的部分激动剂。
PPAR调控活性可以容易地通过本领域所知的许多方法或者其改良方法检测。例如,PPAR调控活性可以通过本领域所知的体外反式活化分析确定,例如,举例来说,通过使用检测PPARγ调控活性的反式活化分析。本领域普通技术人员很清楚,可以使用许多可能的构建体,例如使用不同的DNA结合域以激活转录或使用不同报道基因(例如,荧光蛋白、β-半乳糖苷酶、过氧化物酶、萤光素酶等)。本领域普通技术人员很清楚,取决于想要检测的PPAR活性,构建体优选编码所述的PPAR或者其配体结合域。PPAR活化时(即在PPAR激动剂或者部分激动剂存在下),PPAR反式激活报道构建体,任选地以定量的方式激活。
PPAR调节剂也可以使用可操作地含有处于含有至少一种PPRE的第二核酸控制之下的第一核酸的报道基因进行鉴定。该第一核酸优选编码报道蛋白质,例如荧光蛋白、β-半乳糖苷酶、过氧化物酶、萤光素酶等。所述报道构建体应当被插入到表达一种或多种PPAR(例如PPARγ和/或δ)的细胞中。PPAR激动剂因此可以鉴定为能够活化该第一核酸转录的化合物。
根据优选的实施方式,本发明的化合物和组合物是PPAR和/或PPARLBD部分激动剂,并且更特别地,本发明的化合物和组合物是PPARγ和/或PPARγLBD部分激动剂。术语“PPAR LBD”指PPAR的配体结合域。产生低于最大可能效应(即,由完全激动剂或者参比化合物产生的最大效应)的药物称为部分激动剂。
在一个实施方式中,优选本发明的化合物选择性激活PPAR。在这样的实施方式中,优选该化合物不显著激活RxR和/或RxR LBD的反式活化,优选地,RxR转录低于两倍的背景水平,如低于1.5倍的背景水平,例如大约等于或低于背景水平。RxR反式活化可以通过RxR反式活化试验检测。背景水平是没有加入配体时的反式活化。
另外,优选的PPAR调节剂是这样的PPAR调节剂,当所述PPAR调节剂以10-100mg/kg的剂量范围,如30-70mg/kg范围,例如50-60mg/kg范围,如53mg/kg给予个体时,并不引起所述个体的以下生物学指标中的一种或多种,优选至少两种,如三种,例如全部四种的显著增加:血细胞比容、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)。“显著增加”指增加超过30%,例如超过20%,如超过10%,例如超过5%。
在这个章节中所有前述的个体可以是任何个体,例如需要给予PPAR调节剂的个体,例如正患有一种或多种本文其它地方提及的PPAR相关临床病症的人。然而,该个体也可以是实验室试验动物,例如小鼠。在这个章节中所有前述的减少和增加一般相对于没有给予所述PPAR调节剂的相似个体中获得的值确定。
不良副作用(例如血稀释、水肿、脂肪细胞分化或者肥胖)在体内的出现可能受到所述化合物的辅助因子募集特征的影响,例如使用EP1267171中描述的方法。因此,在本发明的一个实施方式中,优选的化合物是预期具有低的体内不良副作用发生率的化合物。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,本发明的优选化合物能够结合血栓烷受体(TP),例如能够结合人重组HEK-293细胞中的血栓烷受体。特别地,本发明的化合物能够以低于100nM的IC50与血栓烷受体结合,更优选低于50nM,甚至更优选低于30nM,例如低于20nM,例如低于10nM,例如低于5nM,例如低于1nM是优选的。另外,本发明的化合物能够以低于100nM的Ki与血栓烷受体结合,更优选低于50nM,甚至更优选低于20nM,例如低于10nM,例如低于5nM,例如低于1nM是优选的。优选地,前述IC50和Ki通过本领域已知的方法测定。
优选的TP受体调节剂是TP受体拮抗剂。TP受体的生理功能包括控制血小板聚集、血管收缩和支气管收缩(见IUPHAR compendium ofreceptor characterization and classification 1998,239页和The Sigma-RBIHandbook 5th edition,Prostanoid receptors,2006,138-140页)。因此,根据本发明的优选PPAR/TP调节剂,作为TP受体的拮抗剂,可用于治疗临床病症,所述临床症状特征为血小板聚集增加、血管收缩增加和支气管收缩增加、心肌梗塞、血栓症、血栓性疾病、肺动脉高血压、动脉粥样硬化、IgA肾病、肝肾综合征、糖尿病性肾病、视网膜病、糖尿病性视网膜病、外周动脉疾病、下肢循环障碍、肺栓塞、血栓形成、增生、感染性休克、先兆子痫、哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、肿瘤血管生成和转移、支架触发的血栓形成、支架诱导的再狭窄和支架触发的增生中的一种或多种。
本发明的优选化合物能够抑制血小板的聚集。特别地,在0.01-100μM的浓度范围内,优选1-30μM的浓度范围,例如大约1μM,例如大约8μM,例如大约16μM,例如大约30μM,例如1μM,例如8μM,例如16μM或例如30μM时能够抑制血小板聚集(即,当血小板聚集增加时,化合物使血小板聚集正常化)达到至少20%,优选至少40%,更优选至少50%,再优选至少80%,例如至少90%,例如至少94%,例如至少95%,例如至少97%,例如大约100%,如100%的化合物。
除了可用于人类的治疗以外,这些化合物也可用于宠物、外来动物和农畜,包括哺乳动物、啮齿类动物等的兽医治疗。更优选的动物包括马、狗和猫。如本文所用的,本发明的化合物包括其药学上可接受的衍生物。
临床病症
本发明涉及临床病症的治疗方法,包括给予前面提及的化合物(优选前面提及的PPAR激动剂、TP受体拮抗剂、TS抑制剂中的任何一种),以及涉及所述化合物在制备用于治疗临床病症的药物中的应用。
本文中前面描述的PPAR调节剂可用于体重控制。因此,在一个实施方式中,临床病症可以是饮食障碍,例如神经性厌食(本文中也简称为“厌食”)或贪食。
在一个优选的实施方式中,本发明涉及通过给予本文中前面描述的任何化合物治疗胰岛素抵抗的方法。本发明还涉及任何所述化合物在制备用于治疗胰岛素抵抗的药物中的应用。而且,本发明涉及通过给予所述化合物提高胰岛素敏感性的方法,以及涉及所述化合物在制备用于提高胰岛素敏感性的药物中的应用。胰岛素敏感性中的急性和短暂性障碍,例如可能在创伤、手术或心肌梗塞后出现的那些障碍,也可以根据本文中的教导进行治疗。
胰岛素抵抗与多种临床病症有关。胰岛素抵抗表现为胰岛素在宽浓度范围内发挥其生理作用的能力降低。在胰岛素抵抗的早期阶段,机体分泌异常大量的胰岛素以补偿这种缺失。尽管血液胰岛素水平长期地高,活动肌细胞对胰岛素的代谢反应受损使其不能有效地摄取葡萄糖。现在越来越多地认识到,胰岛素抵抗及其导致的高胰岛素血症可能是几种临床病症例如代谢综合征(也称为X综合征)的原因。代谢综合征的特征是导致了高胰岛素血症、血脂异常和葡萄糖耐受降低的第一胰岛素抵抗阶段。现已证明患有代谢综合征的病人患心血管疾病和/或II型糖尿病的风险增加,从而可以用本发明的化合物治疗。
胰岛素抵抗对脂质生产也有不利作用,从而促使血流中VLDL(极低密度脂蛋白)、LDL(低密度脂蛋白)和甘油三酯水平增加以及HDL(高密度脂蛋白)减少。这可能导致动脉内脂肪斑块的沉积,随着时间的推移动脉内脂肪斑块会导致动脉粥样硬化。因此,根据本发明的临床病症可以是高血脂,例如家族性高血脂。优选地,高血脂特征为高胆固醇血和/或高甘油三酯血。临床病症还可以包括血脂异常和糖尿病性血脂异常。本文中包括的化合物可用于降低血清甘油三酯水平或提高血浆HDL水平。
胰岛素抵抗可导致血液中过高的胰岛素和葡萄糖水平。过量胰岛素会增加肾脏的钠潴留,因此本发明的方法可用于减少肾脏的钠潴留。葡萄糖水平的升高可能会损伤血管和肾脏。因此,本发明的化合物可用于预防血管和肾脏的损伤。
在本发明另一个实施方式中,所述临床病症是由PPARγ介导的炎性疾病。术语“由PPARγ介导”应当理解为PPARγ在所述病症的表现中起到了作用。例如,PPARγ并不被认为在与嗜中性粒细胞活化相关的炎症例如急性炎症中起作用。尽管不希望被理论束缚,PPARγ的激动剂可能成为有效的抗炎药物,其通过直接关联和抑制NFκB介导的转录并从而调控各种炎性反应而起作用,例如,举例来说,可诱导性一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和环加氧酶-2(COX-2)的酶途径(Pineda-Torra,I等人,1999,Curr.Opinion in Lipidology,10,151-9)。
所述炎性疾病可以是急性或慢性的,例如,举例来说,眼部炎症(J BiolChem.2000 Jan 28;275(4):2837-44)或干眼病(J Ocul Pharmacol Ther.2003 Dec;19(6):579-87)。慢性炎性疾病的示范性例子包括炎性肠病、溃疡性结肠炎或者克罗恩氏病。慢性炎性疾病也可以是关节炎,尤其是类风湿关节炎和多发性关节炎。慢性炎性疾病还可以是炎性皮肤病,尤其是寻常痤疮、特应性皮炎、具有屏障障碍的皮肤病、皮肤老化效应或者牛皮癣,尤其是牛皮癣。慢性炎性疾病还可以是炎性神经退行性疾病,例如多发性硬化症或阿尔茨海默病。所述临床病症也可以是胃肠疾病和肾病,包括肾小球性肾炎、肾小球硬化症、肾病综合征和高血压性肾硬化。
在本发明另一个实施方式中,所述临床病症是对PPARγ活化作出反应的癌症。因此,临床病症可以是例如特征为PPAR-反应性细胞的异常细胞生长的疾病,例如脂肪组织中发生的增生性或瘤性疾病,例如脂肪细胞瘤,如脂肪瘤、纤维脂瘤、成脂细胞瘤、脂肪过多症、hibemomas、血管瘤和/或脂肪肉瘤。而且,已经证明特定的前列腺、胃、肺和胰的癌症对于用PPARγ激动剂治疗有反应。尤其是,已经证明特定的脂肪肉瘤、前列腺癌、多发性骨髓瘤和胰腺癌对PPARγ的活化有反应,但至少一些结肠直肠癌和乳腺癌没有反应(Rumi等人,2004,Curr.Med.Chem.Anti-Canc Agents,4:465-77)。其它研究已经证明其它乳腺癌和结肠癌对PPAR激动剂有反应,还有成神经细胞瘤和膀胱癌。Levy Kopelovich,2002,Molecular Cancer Therapeutics,357综述了将PPAR配体用于治疗癌症的应用。
即使特定类型的癌症可能对PPARγ活化有反应,但并不是所有给定类型的癌症都有反应。特别地,PPARγ功能缺失的突变经常出现在癌症中,这些癌症通常是没有反应的。因此,优选癌症表达功能性PPARγ。
所述临床病症也可以是感染,例如病毒感染,尤其是AIDS或HIV感染或者丙型肝炎病毒感染。另外,本发明的PPAR配体可用于改善神经病或者痴呆症中的认知功能,或者用于治疗多囊卵巢综合征或者用于预防和治疗骨丢失,例如骨质疏松症。
所述临床病症也可以是肝病,尤其是丙型肝炎病毒感染或者脂肪肝、肝脏炎症、肝损伤、肝硬化、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎或者肝后型(post-hepatic)癌,无论其是否与丙型肝炎病毒有关,但优选对PPAR调控有反应。临床病症也可以是马方综合征。
尽管说明书大量涉及PPARγ,但本发明的化合物和方法不限于PPARγ的调控。实际上,本领域技术人员知道其它的PPAR亚型在疾病中起到重要的作用。而且,本领域技术人员知道血栓烷受体在PPAR相关疾病中也起到重要作用。例如,PPARδ与脂质代谢疾病和伤口愈合相关,尤其是与表皮伤口愈合相关(Soon Tan等,2004,Expert Opinion inMolecular Targets,39)。因此,临床病症也可以是伤口愈合,包括表皮伤口愈合。
本发明还涉及本发明的化合物(优选前面描述的PPAR调节剂中的任何一种)用于制备同时治疗和/或预防肥胖症和糖尿病的药物的用途。在这个实施方式中,糖尿病优选II型糖尿病,或者个体有患糖尿病风险,例如患有本文前面描述的代谢综合征的个体。所述有患肥胖症风险的个人可以是例如用具有体重增加副作用的抗糖尿病化合物进行医学治疗的个体。
本发明还涉及任何前面描述的化合物以及本文中所指的优选的化合物中的任一种用于制备治疗或预防(优选治疗)需要的个体中与血栓烷相关的临床病症的药物的用途。所述临床病症可以是特征为血小板聚集增加、血管收缩和/或支气管收缩的临床病症。所述临床病症可以例如选自心肌梗塞、血栓症、血栓性疾病、支架触发的血栓形成、支架诱导的再狭窄、支架触发的增生、肺动脉高血压、动脉粥样硬化、家族性高胆固醇血症、川崎病、室间隔缺损、IgA肾病、肝肾综合征、肝纤维化、糖尿病性肾病、视网膜病、糖尿病性视网膜病、外周动脉疾病、下肢循环障碍、肺栓塞、血栓形成、增生、感染性休克、先兆子痫、哮喘、鼻炎、过敏性鼻炎、肿瘤血管生成和转移。和血栓烷(TP)相关的临床病症也可以选自心肌梗塞、心绞痛(angina)、不稳定型心绞痛、中风、短暂性脑血管缺血、偏头痛、动脉粥样硬化、微血管病、高血压、凝血缺陷、华法林贫乏情形(warfarin sparing situations)(例如手术前)、肺栓塞、支气管哮喘、支气管炎、慢性支气管炎、肺炎、呼吸困难和肺气肿。在一个优选的实施方式中,所述临床病症选自血栓症、肺动脉高血压、糖尿病性肾病、肾损伤延迟(尤其是在糖尿病患者中)、视网膜病、外周动脉疾病、下肢循环障碍、血栓形成、支架触发的血栓形成、支架诱导的再狭窄、支架触发的增生、增生、感染性休克、先兆子痫、鼻炎、过敏性鼻炎、肿瘤血管生成和转移,优选选自血栓症、肺动脉高血压、糖尿病性肾病、视网膜病、外周动脉疾病、下肢循环障碍、血栓形成和增生。对阿司匹林、氯吡格雷(clopidrogel)、华法林和其它通过不同机制发挥作用的类似药物具有抗性的个体尤其受益于本文描述的化合物的治疗。而且,个体可以是任何患有任何前述与TP相关的临床病症或者有患病风险的个体,优选地,该个体是任何患有任何前述与TP相关的临床病症或者有患病风险的人,更优选地,所述个体是除患有任何前述与TP相关的临床病症或者有患病风险外还患有糖尿病的人。
在一个实施方式中,本发明涉及个体中血栓症的治疗,所述个体已经患有血栓症、已经遭受过一种或多种血栓性事件,或者正遭受一种或多种血栓性事件,所述方法包括给予所述个体任何前面描述的化合物。
本发明还涉及前面描述的任何特定化合物用于制备治疗或预防临床病症的药物的用途。所述临床病症可以选自代谢综合征、血脂异常、肥胖症、糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗或任何前面描述的与胰岛素抵抗相关的疾病、高血压、心血管疾病、冠状动脉再狭窄、自身免疫性疾病(例如哮喘、多发性硬化症、牛皮癣、局部皮炎以及溃疡性结肠炎)、癌症、炎症、伤口愈合、脂代谢疾病、肝脏疾病(例如丙型肝炎病毒感染或脂肪肝、肝脏炎症、肝损伤、肝硬化或肝后型癌,无论其是否与丙型肝炎病毒相关)、胃肠道或者肾脏疾病(例如肾小球性肾炎、肾小球硬化症、肾病综合征或者高血压性肾硬化)、感染(尤其是病毒感染)、认知功能疾病(例如神经病或者痴呆症)、多囊卵巢综合征、骨丢失(例如骨质疏松症)和AIDS。
癌症可以任何癌症,例如以下癌症中的任何一种:癌瘤、肉瘤、骨肉瘤、白血病和淋巴瘤;肿瘤血管生成和转移;骨骼发育异常;肝脏疾病;及造血和/或脊髓增生疾病。示例性的疾病包括,但不限于纤维肉瘤、粘液肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤、软骨肉瘤、骨源性肉瘤、脊索瘤、血管肉瘤、内皮肉瘤、淋巴管肉瘤、淋巴管内皮肉瘤、滑膜瘤、间皮瘤、尤文氏瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、结肠癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌、腺癌、汗腺瘤、皮脂腺癌、乳头状癌、乳头状腺癌、囊腺癌、髓样癌、支气管癌、肾细胞癌、肝细胞瘤、胆管癌、绒毛膜癌、精原细胞瘤、胚胎性癌、肾母细胞瘤、子宫颈癌、睾丸瘤、肺癌、小细胞肺癌、膀胱癌、上皮癌、胶质瘤、星形细胞瘤、髓母细胞瘤、颅咽管瘤、室管膜瘤、松果体瘤、成血管细胞瘤、听神经瘤、少突神经胶质瘤、脑膜瘤、黑素瘤、成神经细胞瘤或成视网膜细胞瘤。优选地,所述癌症是前面提到的对PPARγ活化有反应的癌症中的一种。
心血管疾病可以是例如动脉粥样化形成、动脉粥样硬化或动脉粥样硬化性疾病、血管再狭窄(restinosis)、心肌病或心肌纤维化或任何前面提及的心血管疾病。
炎症可以是例如,慢性炎症,优选本文中前面提及的任何慢性炎症。
糖尿病指源自多种发病因素并且特征为血中葡萄糖水平升高或者高血糖的疾病过程。不受控制的高血糖与发病和死亡的增加和提前相关。已经确定了至少两种类型的糖尿病:(i)I型糖尿病,或胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(IDDM),其由胰岛素的完全缺乏引起,胰岛素是在正常生理条件下调节血糖利用的激素,和(ii)II型糖尿病,或非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(NIDDM)。NIDDM是源自多种发病因素的复杂疾病,在一些病例中可以通过提高循环胰岛素水平而得到治疗。
使用和给药
本发明的化合物和/或其组合物特别用于治疗和/或预防动物和人体中由血栓烷A2(TP)和/或PPAR引起的疾病。在这种情形下使用时,所述化合物可以本身形式给药,但通常配制成药物组合物形式给药。除了其它因素外,确切的组合物形式还取决于给药的方法,并且对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。例如,Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences,第20版,2001描述了多种合适的药物组合物。
本文中所使用的药学上可接受的载体指一种或多种相容的固体或液体传输系统,当其给予对象时具有无害的生理反应。一些例子包括,但不限于淀粉、糖、纤维素及其衍生物、粉末化的黄芪胶、麦芽、明胶、胶原、滑石粉、硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁、硫酸钙、植物油、多元醇、琼脂、海藻酸、无热原水、等渗盐水、磷酸盐缓冲液和其它在药物制剂中使用的合适的非毒性物质。其它赋形剂例如湿润剂和润滑剂、制片剂(tabletingagent)、稳定剂、抗氧化剂和防腐剂也包括在内。
药物组合物可采用适合于几乎任何给药方式的形式,包括例如局部、眼部、口服、口腔、全身、鼻腔、注射、透皮、直肠、阴道等给药方式,或者采用适合于通过吸入或吹入给药的形式。
适合于口服给药的制剂可以由(a)液体溶液,例如有效量的活性化合物悬浮于稀释剂(例如水、盐水或PEG 400)中;(b)胶囊、微囊(sachet)或者片剂,各含有预定量的活性成分,如液体、固体、颗粒或胶质;(c)合适液体中的悬浮液;和(d)合适的乳液组成。片剂形式可以包括乳糖、蔗糖、甘露醇、山梨醇、磷酸钙、玉米淀粉、土豆淀粉、微晶纤维素、明胶、胶体二氧化硅、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸及其它赋形剂、色素、填充剂、粘合剂、稀释剂、缓冲剂、润湿剂、防腐剂、调味剂、染料、崩解剂和制药上相容的载体中的一种或多种。锭剂形式可包含调味剂(例如蔗糖)中的活性成分,以及包含惰性基质中的活性成分的软锭剂,所述惰性基质例如明胶和甘油或蔗糖和阿拉伯胶乳液、凝胶等,除了活性成分以外,其还含有本领域已知的载体。
所选择的化合物,其单独或者与其它合适的成分组合使用,可以制成气溶胶制剂(即它们可以被“喷雾”)以通过吸入给药。气溶胶制剂可以置于增压的可接受抛射剂中,例如二氯二氟甲烷、丙烷、氮气等。
适合于直肠给药的制剂包括,例如栓剂,其由用栓剂基质包封的核酸构成。合适的栓剂基质包括天然或合成的甘油三酯或烷属烃。另外,也可能使用明胶直肠胶囊,其由所选择的化合物和基质的组合构成,所述基质包括,例如液体甘油三酯、聚乙二醇和烷属烃。
适合于肠胃外给药的制剂,例如,举例来说,通过关节内(在关节内)、静脉内、肌内、皮内、腹腔和皮下途径给药的制剂,包括水性和非水性的、等渗的无菌注射溶液,其可以含有抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、抑菌剂,以及使制剂与预期的受药者体内血液等渗的溶质,并包括水性和非水性的无菌悬浮液,其可以包括悬浮剂、增溶剂、增稠剂、稳定剂和防腐剂。在本发明的实施中,组合物可以通过例如静注输入、口服、局部、腹腔内、膀胱内或鞘内的方式给药。肠胃外给药、口服给药、皮下给药和静脉内给药是优选的给药方法。合适的溶液制剂的具体例子可以在水中含有大约0.5-100mg/ml的化合物和大约1000mg/ml丙二醇。合适的溶液制剂的另一个具体例子可以在水中含有大约0.5-100mg/ml的化合物和大约800-1000mg/ml的聚乙二醇400(PEG 400)。
合适的悬浮液制剂的具体例子可以在水中包含大约0.5-30mg/ml的化合物和一种或多种选自以下组的赋形剂:大约200mg/ml的乙醇、大约1000mg/ml的植物油(例如玉米油)、大约600-1000mg/ml的果汁(例如葡萄柚汁)、大约400-800mg/ml的牛奶、大约0.1mg/ml的羧甲基纤维素(或微晶纤维素)、大约0.5mg/ml的苄醇(或者苄醇和苯扎氯铵的组合)和大约40-50mM的缓冲液,pH 7(例如磷酸盐缓冲液、乙酸盐缓冲液或柠檬酸盐缓冲液,或者可选择地,5%的葡萄糖可用于代替缓冲液)。
合适的脂质体悬浮液制剂的具体例子可以在水中含有大约0.5-30mg/ml的化合物、大约100-200mg/ml的卵磷脂(或其它磷脂或磷脂混合物)和任选的大约5mg/ml的胆固醇。
化合物的制剂可置于单位剂量或多剂量的密封容器中,例如安瓿和小瓶中。注射溶液和悬浮液可以从无菌粉末、颗粒和前面所述类型的片剂制备。
药物制品优选采用单位剂量的形式。在这种形式中,该制剂划分成含有合适量的活性成分的单位剂量。所述单位剂量形式可以是包封的制剂,该包装包含离散量的制剂,例如包封的片剂、胶囊和小瓶或安瓿中的粉末。该单位剂量形式也可以是胶囊、片剂、扁囊剂或锭剂本身,或者它可以是这些包装形式中任何一种的合适数目。如果需要,该组合物可以含有其它相容的治疗剂,这将在下面更具体地讨论。
在治疗使用中,本发明的制药方法中使用的化合物以适于取得治疗性益处的剂量水平给予患者。治疗性的益处指的是化合物的给药随着时间给患者带来了有益的效果。
适合于人类给药的起始剂量可以通过体外试验或动物模型确定。例如,可以配制起始剂量以实现包括所给予的特定化合物的IC50值的血清浓度,如体外试验测定的。或者,人类的起始剂量也可以基于在这种疾病的动物模型中发现有效的剂量确定。作为一个实例,起始剂量可以是大约0.01mg/kg/天至大约200mg/kg/天,或者也可以使用大约0.1mg/kg/天至大约100mg/kg/天,或者大约1mg/kg/天至大约50mg/kg/天,或者大约10mg/kg/天至大约50mg/kg/天。然而,该剂量可以根据患者的需求、正在治疗的病症的严重程度以及所使用的化合物的不同发生变化。剂量的大小还取决于特定患者中伴随着特定化合物给药的任何副作用的存在与否、性质和程度。特定情形下合适剂量的确定在医师的能力范围内。通常,治疗以较小剂量开始,其低于该化合物的最适剂量。然后,小幅度地加大剂量直到获得在某种情况下的最佳效果。为方便起见,如果需要,总的日剂量可以在一天中分成几部分给药。
联合治疗
在本发明特定的实施方式中,本发明的化合物和/或其组合物可以和至少一种其它治疗剂联合使用。本发明的化合物和/或其组合物和该治疗剂可以发挥加和作用,或更优选地,发挥协同作用。
尽管本发明的化合物可以作为单独的活性药物给药,但它们也可以与一种或多种本发明的化合物或其它药物联合使用。当联合用药时,几种治疗剂可以配制成同时给药或者在不同的时间顺序给药的独立的组合物,或者治疗剂可以单一组合物给予。
本发明化合物与其它治疗剂的共同给药意在包括在提供药物联用的有益效果的方案中各药物以顺序方式给药,并且还意在包括这些药物基本上同时给药,例如以具有固定比例的这些活性药物的单个胶囊或者以多个用于各种药物的独立胶囊给药。
联合治疗包括给予单一的药物剂量组合物,其含有本发明的化合物和一种或多种其它的活性药物,以及包括给予本发明的化合物和其自身的独立药物剂量的各种活性药物。例如,本发明的化合物和胰岛素促分泌素例如磺酰脲类、噻唑烷二酮类、双胍类、格列奈类(meglitinides)、胰岛素或β-葡糖苷酶抑制剂可以一起以单一的口服剂量组合物(例如胶囊或片剂)给予患者,或者各药物以独立的口服剂量给药。当使用独立的剂量时,本发明的化合物和一种或多种其它活性药物可以基本上同时给药,即同时或者以个别交错的时间给药,即顺序给药;联合治疗理解为包括所有这些方案。
或者,本发明的化合物也可与其它抗肿瘤药一起用于共同治疗,例如其它的激酶抑制剂,包括p38抑制剂和CDK抑制剂、TNF抑制剂、金属基质蛋白酶抑制剂(MMP)、EGFR抑制剂例如易瑞沙(Iressa)、KDR抑制剂、COX-2抑制剂(包括塞来昔布、罗非昔布、帕瑞昔布(parecoxib)、伐地考昔和艾托考昔)、NSAID、SOD模拟物或αvβ3抑制剂。
实施例
下面所提供的实施例仅是说明性的,不构成限制。本领域技术人员容易认识到各种非关键的参数可以改变或变化以产生基本相似的结果。
提供这些实施例的目的仅是为了说明,而不是以任何方式限制本发明的范围。已努力确保所使用的数字(例如用量、温度等)的准确性,但当然,一些试验误差和偏离也是应当允许的。
实施例1
化合物的一般合成
化合物的一般合成流程如下:
甲氧基-仲康酸的酯化
193g甲氧基-仲康酸溶于600mL THF中,然后于室温下10分钟时间加入CDI(145g,899mmol,1.1当量)。加入无水乙醇65mL(或者甲醇以生成甲酯),搅拌反应混合物约120分钟,获得188g化合物23(产率87%)。
外消旋甲氧基-仲康酸乙酯的还原
105g化合物23(397mmol)于5℃下溶于700mL甲苯。然后加入3当量DIBAL-H(1.19mol,1.19L 1M溶液),室温下搅拌反应混合物60分钟,然后用甲醇淬灭。产物化合物24由氯仿/己烷重结晶为油状残留物。产量:53g(237mmol,59%)。
采用外消旋内半缩醛的维蒂希(Wittig)反应-外消旋二醇的合成
191g羧丙基三苯基溴化鏻、1000mL无水甲苯和100g叔丁醇钾于80℃混合30分钟。混合物冷却到室温,加入预溶于180mL无水THF中的纯化外消旋内半缩醛24(25g,114.5mmol)。混合物搅拌60分钟后得产物25。产量:26g(88.3mmol,79%)。
外消旋的二醇转化为外消旋的丙酮化物
26g(88mmol)的二醇25溶解于260mL二甲氧基丙烷中,加入26mgp-TsOH。混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。丙酮化物产物26通过在己烷中搅拌纯化。产量:25g(75mmol),85%。
外消旋丙酮化物的去甲基化
将乙硫醇16.7g加入到NaH 21.5g于375mL DMPU中的混合物中。混合物加热到80℃,并使其冷却到室温。然后,将溶解于75mL DMPU中的外消旋丙酮化物(26,15g)加入到EtSH/NaH的悬浮液中。混合物于130℃加热2小时。反应混合物然后倒入冰水中并用DCM提取。产量:16.5g(粗品)。
外消旋产物的制备
去甲基化的外消旋丙酮化物27(8.97g,28mmol)与15mL 2-氯苯甲醛、0.5g p-TsOH和60mL甲苯混合后搅拌24小时,并蒸发。产量:6.5g(16.7mmol,59%)。
实施例2
前药1的合成
使用实施例1中合成的酸作为起始化合物合成了前药1。该酸溶解于二氯甲烷中(90mg于5mL中),该溶液冷却到4℃,然后加入4-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP,5mg)、吡啶(2.5当量)和乙酸酐(1.1当量)。15分钟后,升温至20℃,反应混合物再搅拌3小时。粗品的LC-MS分析显示起始原料已经消失,并且出现了一个新的峰,具有预期的分子量。真空下除去DCM,粗品物质通过制备型RP-HPLC纯化(使用Waters XBridge OBDC18,5μm,19×100mm制备柱,35-90%B vs A梯度,8分钟,流速10ml/min)。
冻干产生白色粘性固体(45mg,45%)。保留时间是6.67分钟(使用Waters XBridge OBD C18,5μm,4.6×100mm分析柱,35-90%B vs A梯度,10分钟,流速1ml/min),纯度高于98%。MS分析:m/z=467.1(M+Na+)。
实施例3
前药2的合成
使用实施例1中合成的酸作为起始化合物合成了前药2。该酸溶解于二氯甲烷中(140mg于5mL中),该溶液冷却到4℃,然后加入二环碳二亚胺(dicyclocarbodiimide)(DCC,1.1当量)和甲醇(2ml)。15分钟后,升温至20℃,反应混合物再搅拌2小时。粗品的LC-MS分析显示起始原料已经消失,并且出现了一个新的峰,具有预期的分子量。真空下除去溶剂,粗品物质通过制备RP-HPLC纯化(使用Waters XBridge OBD C18,5μm,19×100mm制备柱,50-90%B vs A梯度,9分钟,流速10ml/min)。
冻干产生白色固体(89mg,61%)。保留时间是7.74分钟(使用WatersXBridge OBD C18,5μm,4.6×100mm分析柱,35-90%B vs A梯度,10分钟,流速1ml/min),纯度高于98%。
MS分析:m/z=439.1(M+Na+)。
实施例4
前药3的合成
使用实施例1中描述的合成方法并通过省去和2-氯苯甲醛偶合之前的最后去保护步骤(通过硫烷除去酚的甲醚基团)合成了前药3。该化合物可以例如通过制备RP-HPLC纯化(使用Waters XBridge OBD C18,5μm,19×100mm制备柱,50-90%B vs A梯度,9分钟,流速10ml/min)。
冻干产生白色固体。保留时间是6.65分钟(使用Waters XBridge OBDC18,5μm,4.6×100mm分析柱,50-90%B vs A梯度,10分钟,流速1ml/min),纯度高于98%。
MS分析:m/z=419.1(M+H+)。
HPLC溶剂:A是含有0.1%甲酸的水,B是含有0.1%甲酸的乙腈。
实施例5
通过使用前药改善药物接触
本实施例说明了给予前药后前药活性成分的体内接触的改善。
简言之,雄性Wistar大鼠按照表1所示的剂量分组。动物在经口给药(管饲法或胶囊)或快速静脉应用前禁食过夜。在不同的时间点通过自动血液采样将血液样品(大约0.15ml)收集到加有肝素的管中。制备血浆,并在生物分析前冷冻储存。
生物分析样品制备
-30μL ACN/EtOH(50/50,v/v)加入到等分的10μL血浆中
-涡旋振荡
-14000rpm,20分钟,大约8℃
-上清液转移到HPLC瓶中
液相色谱
色谱柱:ZORBAX 5μm,Eclipse XDB-C18,2.1×50mm
| 时间[分钟] | 0.0 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 3.0 |
| A相[%] | 80 | 80 | 5 | 5 | 80 | 80 |
| B相[%] | 20 | 20 | 95 | 95 | 20 | 20 |
| 流速[μl/分钟] | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 |
流动相:A相水
B相ACN
分析泵
阀切换:
从1-2.5分钟,切换至电喷雾源(如果需要,将进行调整)
注射体积:10μl于5μl进样环中
柱温:RT
样品采用ESI(负离子模式)作为离子化模式通过质谱进行分析。
选定的反应监控
| 分析物 | 母体离子质量[Th] | 产物离子质量[Th] | 宽度[Th] | 扫描时间[s] | 碰撞能量[eV] |
| 药物 | 401.2 | 187.1 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 20 |
| 前药3 | 415.1 | 245.1 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 20 |
自动进样器
清洗1:EtOH/水,50/50(v/v)
清洗2:2-丙醇/ACN/MeOH,l/l/l(v/v/v)
非区室分析(NCA)
使用与Excel 2003一起运行的版PCModfit程序(3.00版)对定量测定的血浆浓度-时间数据进行非区室分析(NCA)(http://home2.btconnect.com/Gamms/PCModfit/;Allen,G.D.′Modfit:apharmacokinetics computer program′Biopharm.and Drug Disp.,Vol.11,477-498,1990)。在可能的情况下,使用数字分析选择的各分布的半衰期测算的点对应于从ln(浓度)对时间曲线目视评定的最后线性相。各分布的末端消除速率常数(λz)用的加权因子的迭代再加权非线性最小二乘法分析进行数字测算。对各个数据组使用线性(上升的)梯形方法测定最后的实际时间点(AUC0-t)和无穷大(AUC0-∞)的浓度-时间曲线下面积。外推到无穷大的面积(AUC0-∞),如果可能的话,使用各分布最后时间点的AUC0-t和预测的数值进行测算。
用于曲线下面积计算的方程如下,供参考:
线性梯形:
外推至无穷大:
Ci值对应于n数据点的时间ti时的实际药物浓度。
C0值采用前4个时间点外推。
数据如下面表1所示。
表1
和对应的酸相比,本发明的前药的优点在于,在消除前具有更高的Tmax或更长的半衰期。前药可以观察到Lin-AUC(0-∞)(ng·min/ml)/剂量(mg/kg)得到提高,表示体内活性成分的接触增加了。
实施例6
小鼠模型中对动脉血栓形成的效应
该实施例证明了小鼠模型中前药3对于动脉血栓形成的效果。前药3按照实施例4的方法制备。
材料
●载体(DMSO/PEG 400,5/95)
●前药3于载体中,剂量1、3、10、30、100和300mg/kg
●盐水
●阿司匹林(剂量100mg和600mg/kg,于载体中)
●阿司匹林(Aspégic,来自Sanofi Synthelabo;溶于盐水中)
●氯吡格雷(Plavix,来自Sanofi Pharma;溶于H2O中)
溶液在盐水中稀释3.3倍,注射100μl/25g。因此,前面提到的化合物剂量100和300mg/kg对应于最终剂量30和100mg/kg。
应该注意PEG非常吸湿,并且DMSO在体外极低的浓度下影响血小板聚集。对于小鼠的静脉内注射来说,这似乎不是一个优选的溶剂。
试验过程中,提供了药物的可溶性的钾盐,于盐水中稀释。100μl/25g的这种制剂静脉内注射到尾静脉中(100mg/kg剂量)。
血栓形成模型
溶液在2分钟时间内静脉内注射到尾静脉中(100μl/25g体重),以获得每个化合物30mg/kg和100mg/kg的剂量。阿司匹林以200mg/kg剂量用相同的方式给药。氯吡格雷在试验之前6-7小时以20mg/kg的剂量通过经口管饲法给药。分到各组的动物按体重匹配。小鼠通常是8-10周龄的雄性,且为100%的瑞士遗传背景。
动脉血栓形成模型基本上按照Nagai等人(Nagai N,Lijnen HR,VanHoef B,Hoylaerts MF,Van Vlijmen BJM.Nutritionally induced obesityreduces the arterial thrombotic tendency of Factor V Leiden mice.Thromb.Haemost(在线发表;doi:10.1160/TH07-04-0306))的描述准备。简言之,一小张用5%FeCl3溶液饱和的薄棉纸在分离的小鼠股动脉上放2分钟,然后用盐水(静脉内注射后约10分钟开始应用)高强度清洗。后爪中的血流用Doppler激光流量扫描仪(scanning laser Doppler flow meter)监控,在30分钟内以15秒的间隔记录数字图像(FeCl3处理停止后1分钟开始)。各图像中的流量用相对于对侧流量的百分数表示,所有120幅图像的数据进行平均以确定总流量。按照10分钟的间隔进行相同的分析(其给出了和曲线下面积基本相同的信息)。堵塞时间记录为显示0%流量的第一幅图像。处理前的流量记录为100%,堵塞动脉中的流量记录为0%。试验结束时,通过心脏穿刺在0.01M的柠檬酸缓冲液上收集血液以检测血细胞计数。血浆通过离心制备并且在-20℃储存以检测药物水平。
两组间差异的统计学分析通过非参数Student t-检验进行。统计分析中堵塞时间>30分钟被认为等同于30分钟。显著性设置在p<0.05。
结果
本研究中一共使用了约60只小鼠,其中4只用在初步研究中以优化给药方案。
堵塞时间
●阿司匹林200mg/kg时对堵塞时间没有影响;和载体相比其堵塞时间稍短,原因是载体组中的堵塞延迟的两个试验(没有堵塞延迟的试验结果为平均值±SEM=7′18″±0′33″)
●氯吡格雷在6/7的试验中于30分钟内完全防止堵塞。在一个试验中观察到了快速堵塞
●与阿司匹林(p=0.024)和母体化合物相比,载体中的前药3在30mg/kg剂量时延迟了堵塞时间,但与载体相比没有作用。
血流量
●阿司匹林200mg/kg时对总血流量没有显著影响(和载体相比p=0.53)。
●氯吡格雷显著改善总血流量(和载体相比,p=0.0087,包括试验B130)。
●载体中的前药3在10mg/kg剂量时对总血流量没有影响(和载体相比p=0.84,和阿司匹林相比p=0.65)
●和阿司匹林相比,载体中的前药3在30mg/kg剂量时总血流量略有改善(p=0.055),但和载体相比则没有改善(p=0.45)。
实施例7
PPARγ结合试验
本实施例证明了前药2与人重组PPARγ结合。前药2按照实施例3制备。
人重组(大肠杆菌)PPARγ)(h)结合试验:
配体浓度:[3H]-罗格列酮10nM
非特异性结合:罗格列酮(10μM)
孵育:4C 120分钟
结果以试验化合物存在下获得的相对于对照特异性结合的百分数((测定的特异性结合/对照的特异性结合)×100)表示。IC50值(引起对照特异性结合最大抑制的一半的浓度)和Hill系数(nH)通过竞争曲线的非线性回归分析确定,该竞争曲线试验使用Hill方程曲线拟合(Y=D+[(A-D)/(1+(C/C50)nH)],其中Y=特异性结合,D=最小特异性结合,A=最大特异性结合,C=化合物浓度,C50=IC50,以及nH=斜率因子)用平均重复值产生。该分析使用Cerep开发的软件(Hill软件)进行,并且通过和商业软件版的4.0(1997,SPSS Inc.)产生的数据进行比较以进行验证。抑制常数(Ki)使用Cheng Prusoff方程(Ki=IC50/(1+(L/KD)),其中L=试验中放射性配体的浓度,以及KD=放射性配体与受体的亲合力)计算。数据显示前药2与PPARγ的结合至少与实施例1中制备的对应的酸相当,并且该前药转化成对应的酸。
实施例8
血栓烷受体结合试验按照实施例6中的描述进行
TP受体放射性配体结合研究
使用以下试验条件:人重组HEK-293细胞,配体:5nM[3H]SQ-29548,载体:1%DMSO,孵育时间、温度:25℃30分钟,孵育缓冲液:50mM Tris-HCl,pH 7.4,154mM NaCl,非特异性配体:1μMSQ-29548,KD:9.4nM,Bmax:5.1pmole/mg蛋白质,特异性结合:93%,试验按照Hedberg A、Hall SE、Ogletree ML、Harris DN和Liu E C-K(1988),Characterization of[5,6-3H]SQ 29,548 as a high affinity radioligand,binding to thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2-receptors in human platelets,JPharmacol Exp Ther.245(3):786-92792,以及Saussy DL Jr、Mais DE、Burch RM和Halushka PV(1986),Identification of a putative thromboxaneA2/prostaglandin H2 receptor in human platelet membranes,J Biol Chem.261(7):3025-9进行。
人血小板血栓烷合酶试验
使用以下试验条件:底物:1μM PGH2,载体1%DMSO
预孵育时间、温度:25℃15分钟,孵育时间、温度:25℃3分钟
孵育缓冲液:10mM Tris-HCl,pH 7.4,定量方法:TxB2的EIA定量,该试验按照Borsch-Haubold AG、Pasquet S、Watson SP.(1998),Directinhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 by the kinase inhibitors SB 203580and PD 98059.SB 203580 also inhibits thromboxane synthase.J Biol Chem.273(44):28766-72,和Iizuka K、Akahane K、Momose D、Nakazawa M、Tanouchi T、Kawamura M、Ohyama I、Kajiwara I、Iguchi Y、Okada T、Taniguchi K、Miyamoto T、Hayashi M.(1981),Highly selective inhibitors ofthromboxane synthetase.1.Imidazole derivatives.J MedChem.24(10):1139-48进行。
TP受体血小板聚集-兔:
使用以下试验条件:新西兰兔(2.75±0.25kg)血小板富集血浆,载体:0.3%DMSO,试验:1.5μM U-46619诱导的血小板聚集的抑制,孵育时间、温度:37℃5分钟,孵育缓冲液:柠檬酸三钠(0.13M)处理过的血小板富集血浆,槽体积:0.5mL,测定时间:5分钟,定量方法:光密度改变,该试验按照Patscheke,H.和Stregmeier,K.(1984),Investigations on aselective non-prostanoic thromboxane antagonist,BM13,177,in humanplatelets,Thrombosis Research 33:277-288进行。
TP受体血小板聚集-人类:
使用以下试验条件:人(60±10kg)血小板富集血浆,载体:0.3%DMSO,试验:3μM U-46619诱导的血小板聚集的抑制,孵育时间、温度:37℃5分钟,孵育缓冲液:柠檬酸三钠(0.13M)处理过的新鲜血小板富集血浆,槽体积:0.5mL,测定时间:5分钟,定量方法:光密度改变,该试验按照Patscheke,H.和Stregmeier,K.(1984),Investigations on aselective non-prostanoic thromboxane antagonist,BM13,177,in humanplatelets,Thrombosis Research 33:277-288进行。
IC
50
计算:
将数据转换成半对数,然后使用四参数剂量-反应曲线Y=底数+(顶数-底数)/(1+10^((LogEC50-X)*Hill斜率)的非线性回归进行分析,使用GraphPad Prism软件的log(激动剂)对反应--可变斜率函数。
(http://graphpad.com/help/prism5/prism5help.html?usingnonlinear_regression_step_by_s.htm).
化合物A:(Z)-6-((2R,4R,5S)-2-(2-氯苯基)-4-(2-羟基苯基)-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)己-4-烯酸(对映异构体2)
化合物B:(Z)-6-((2S,4S,5R)-2-(2-氯苯基)-4-(2-羟基苯基)-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)己-4-烯酸(对映异构体1)
化合物3:(Z)-6-(-2-(2-氯苯基)-4-(2-甲氧基苯基)-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)己-4-烯酸
化合物4:(Z)-6-((2R,4R,5S)-2-(2-氯苯基)-4-(2-甲氧基苯基)-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)己-4-烯酸
化合物5:(Z)-6-((2S,4S,5R)-2-(2-氯苯基)-4-(2-甲氧基苯基)-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)己-4-烯酸
本说明书中所引用的所有出版物和专利申请以引证的方式并入本申请,其效力和各出版物或专利申请明确地和单独地说明以引证的方式并入本申请相同。
尽管前述的发明为了清楚理解的目的通过示例和实施例的方式以一定的细节进行了描述,但本领域技术人员很清楚地知道,根据本发明的教导,在不偏离由所附权利要求定义的本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以对本发明进行一定的改变或改良。
Claims (29)
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中n是1或2。
3.权利要求2的化合物,其中Z1和Z2是O。
4.权利要求3的化合物,其中Rp是H。
5.权利要求4的化合物,其中Rp′是前体基团。
6.权利要求5的化合物,其中所述前体基团是低级烷基、芳基或酯。
7.权利要求3的化合物,其中Rp′是H。
8.权利要求4的化合物,其中Rp是前体基团。
9.权利要求5的化合物,其中所述前体基团是低级烷基、酯、酰胺或酰肼。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中Z1和Z2是O。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中Rp是H。
13.权利要求12的方法,其中Rp′是低级烷基、芳基或酯。
14.权利要求11的方法,其中Rp′是H。
15.权利要求14的方法,其中Rp是低级烷基、酯、酰胺或酰肼。
16.治疗或预防与血栓烷A2或过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体相关的疾病的方法,所述方法包括给予对象有效量的权利要求1的化合物或其可接受的盐、N-氧化物、水合物或溶剂化物,以及药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂。
17.权利要求16的方法,其中所述疾病是癌症。
18.权利要求17的方法,其中所述对象是人。
19.权利要求1-9中任何一项所定义的化合物在制备用于治疗或预防对象中的临床病症的药物组合物中的用途,所述临床病症是PPAR-介导的疾病或状态。
20.权利要求19的化合物的用途,用于制备治疗或预防选自糖尿病、癌症、炎症、AIDS、代谢综合征、肥胖症、前驱糖尿病、高血压和血脂异常的临床病症的药物。
21.在需要的个体中治疗或预防临床病症PPAR-介导的疾病或状态的方法,包括给予所述个体治疗有效量的权利要求1-9任何一项的化合物。
22.权利要求21的方法,其中所述临床病症选自糖尿病、癌症、炎症、AIDS、代谢综合征、肥胖症、前驱糖尿病、高血压和血脂异常。
23.前述权利要求1-9任何一项的化合物,用作治疗或预防需要的个体中和血栓烷相关的临床病症的药物。
24.权利要求23的化合物,其中所述临床病症选自心肌梗塞、血栓症、血栓性疾病、肺动脉高血压、动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病性肾病、视网膜病、外周动脉疾病、下肢循环障碍、肺栓塞、血栓形成、支架触发的血栓形成、支架触发的增生、增生、感染性休克、先兆子痫、哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、肿瘤血管生成和转移。
25.用于治疗或预防需要的个体中和血栓烷相关联的临床病症的药物组合物,包含用作活性成分的前述权利要求1-9任何一项的化合物。
26.权利要求25的药物组合物,其中所述临床病症选自心肌梗塞、血栓症、血栓性疾病、肺动脉高血压、动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病性肾病、视网膜病、外周动脉疾病、下肢循环障碍、肺栓塞、血栓形成、支架触发的血栓形成、支架触发的增生、感染性休克、先兆子痫、哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、肿瘤血管生成和转移。
27.用于延迟、改变、维持或控制释放权利要求1-9任何一项的化合物的药物组合物。
28.权利要求27的组合物,含有至少一种释放速率调节剂。
29.权利要求28的组合物,其中所述释放速率调节剂选自羟基丙甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素、乙酸纤维素、聚环氧乙烷、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、玉米油甘油酯和丙二醇、黄原胶、卡波姆、铵基甲基丙烯酸共聚物、氢化蓖麻油、巴西棕榈蜡、石蜡、邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、甲基丙烯酸共聚物及其混合物。
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-
2008
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- 2008-01-18 CA CA2676435A patent/CA2676435C/en active Active
- 2008-01-18 JP JP2009546563A patent/JP2010516702A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-01-18 US US12/523,843 patent/US8536196B2/en active Active
- 2008-01-18 MX MX2009007668A patent/MX2009007668A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-01-18 EP EP08727971A patent/EP2120567A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-01-18 CA CA002676439A patent/CA2676439A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-01-18 US US12/523,844 patent/US20120142766A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-01-18 MX MX2009007667A patent/MX2009007667A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2008-01-18 CA CA2676444A patent/CA2676444C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-01-18 CA CA002676437A patent/CA2676437A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2008-01-18 JP JP2009546560A patent/JP5662682B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2008-01-18 MX MX2009007669A patent/MX2009007669A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-01-18 ES ES08727968.3T patent/ES2609825T3/es active Active
- 2008-01-18 MX MX2009007670A patent/MX2009007670A/es active IP Right Grant
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2012
- 2012-06-18 US US13/526,110 patent/US20120252836A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2013
- 2013-03-08 US US13/790,007 patent/US20130197030A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2014
- 2014-06-06 JP JP2014117213A patent/JP2014159487A/ja active Pending
- 2014-08-08 JP JP2014162128A patent/JP2014240409A/ja not_active Withdrawn
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2015
- 2015-02-10 US US14/618,683 patent/US20150158838A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX2009007670A (es) | 2011-11-18 |
| ES2609825T3 (es) | 2017-04-24 |
| US20120142766A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
| CA2676437A1 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
| US20100168169A1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
| US20150158838A1 (en) | 2015-06-11 |
| JP2014159487A (ja) | 2014-09-04 |
| MX2009007669A (es) | 2011-12-08 |
| CA2676435C (en) | 2015-03-24 |
| JP2010516702A (ja) | 2010-05-20 |
| CA2676435A1 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
| EP2120567A1 (en) | 2009-11-25 |
| CA2676439A1 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
| CA2676444C (en) | 2013-07-30 |
| JP5662682B2 (ja) | 2015-02-04 |
| MX2009007667A (es) | 2011-12-08 |
| CA2676444A1 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
| EP2120567A4 (en) | 2011-11-09 |
| US8536196B2 (en) | 2013-09-17 |
| JP2010516700A (ja) | 2010-05-20 |
| WO2008089464A1 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
| MX2009007668A (es) | 2011-12-08 |
| US20130197030A1 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
| US20120252836A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
| JP2014240409A (ja) | 2014-12-25 |
| JP2010516701A (ja) | 2010-05-20 |
| JP2010516699A (ja) | 2010-05-20 |
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