CN101606354A - Buffer management based on priority - Google Patents
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- CN101606354A CN101606354A CNA200780042892XA CN200780042892A CN101606354A CN 101606354 A CN101606354 A CN 101606354A CN A200780042892X A CNA200780042892X A CN A200780042892XA CN 200780042892 A CN200780042892 A CN 200780042892A CN 101606354 A CN101606354 A CN 101606354A
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Abstract
Media units is stored in the buffer, wherein, to each assigns importance grade of media units.Optionally remove at least some media units based on this importance rate from buffer.
Description
The cross reference of related application
It is the priority of 60/860,278 U.S. Provisional Patent Application that the application requires in the application number that is entitled as " streaming media buffer device time-delay management (STREAMING MEDIA BUFFER LATENCY MANAGEMENT) " that on November 21st, 2006 submitted to.
Background technology
Streaming Media be commonly referred to as in the source media content download such as media server via or can come the playing media content via playback software or reproducing device at least.Can provide for example such streaming medium content of video and audio content according to multiple standards and form.For example, well-known have standard of announcing such as the such video standard of Quick Time and RealMedia and by Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) or the like.
Design such as mpeg stream delivery of content is such has two purposes when being used for many standards of streaming medium content: (1) keeps the network bandwidth and (2) keep video quality.Yet, when designing the Streaming Media of MPEG and other kind, do not have the purpose that for example reduces the timely transmission content of time-delay and so on.For example, at present, the contents processing apparatus such as set-top box (STB) uses MPEG usually and is designed to and transmits complete video flowing with time-delay as cost.
The Media Stream such as mpeg stream that arrives STB may face network jitter (jitter), and it can cause the excessive storage in the buffer of media frame in STB of frame of video and so on for example.Before showing all previous frames, do not show the frame that STB receives.Yet in some cases, for example, in the interactive application such as recreation, user expectation is pushed in response to key and is upgraded on its video display in time.At present, the user supports application unsatisfactorily in multiple situation video flowing is usually left in the time-delay that is caused by shake for.
Game on-line is a kind of situation that the Media Stream time-delay can cause unsatisfied user experience.For example, when by when recreation is provided such as set-top box contents processing apparatus such as (STB), the game server of gaming session from video hub office (VHO) is delivered to STB as mpeg video stream etc. by packet switching network.That is to say, on game server, carry out gaming session, but this gaming session is presented by mpeg stream by STB.Therefore, gaming session is encoded to mpeg stream and be sent to STB by the network streaming.Be presented on the media playback such as TV or video-frequency monitor by STB decoding mpeg stream and with it.By will collect the input of user such as input equipments such as radio frequency (RF) or infrared remote control, USB (USB) game paddles to recreation.Then, send user's input back to game server by packet switching network.This game server receives user's input and provides it to gaming session handling, thereby suitably revises outputting video streams based on this input.It is untimely and/or invalid that time-delay in the mpeg stream can cause that the user imports, and therefore causes to make the unsatisfied game experiencing of user.
In a word, being used to such as the mpeg stream delivery of content provides many standards of Streaming Media to be designed to have and keeps the network bandwidth and the traditional purpose that keeps video quality.Yet the same with the situation of many Media Streams, mpeg video stream is not designed to have the purpose that for example reduces the timely transmission content of time-delay and so on.For example, at present, it is that cost is transmitted unbroken video flowing that the contents processing apparatus such as set-top box (STB) is designed to the time-delay.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 illustrates the example system that is used to provide game on-line.
Fig. 2 illustrates the example process that is used for the managing frame buffer device.
Fig. 3 provides the exemplary illustration of the various states of the frame buffer of being managed.
Fig. 4 provides the exemplary illustration of main, the less important and static object in the frame of video.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the example system 100 that is used for providing to client residence 101 game on-line, and described client residence 101 is used for being visited by contents processing apparatus 110 and media player 115 by user 102.Client residence 101 can be household, enterprise or any other position that comprises contents processing apparatus 110, and can comprise a plurality of contents processing apparatus 110.
Known BHR 117 is used for equipment distribution audio frequency, video and the data such as contents processing apparatus 110 in client residence 101.For example, BHR 117 can be broadband home router or the WiMAX home router from the intelligence advanced in years Microtronic A/S in Sani Wei Er city, California.BHR 117 can also provide wired or WLAN (wireless local area network) (LAN), thereby the selective communication between the various device in the client residence 101 is provided.For example, computer 118 can utilize BHR 117 to communicate by letter with contents processing apparatus 110.Computer 118 can be computer workstation, desktop computer, notebook, laptop computer, handheld computer, PDA(Personal Digital Assistant), cell phone, smart phone or some other computing equipment of utilizing hardware and software to communicate by letter with contents processing apparatus 110.
Computing equipment such as contents processing apparatus 110, client computer 118, recreation application server 140 and similar devices can adopt any in many known computer operating systems.For example, this kind equipment can use Microsoft Windows operating system; The Unix operating system solaris operating system of the Sun Microsystems of California Menlo Park issue (for example by); AIXUNIX operating system by the issue of the International Business Machine Corporation (IBM) of New York A Mengke; And by the (SuSE) Linux OS of the Motorola Inc. of schaumburg issue and any known version and/or the kind of Vortex operating system.Computing equipment can comprise and any in known many computing equipments includes but not limited to computer workstation, desktop computer, notebook, laptop computer, handheld computer, STB or some other computing equipment.
Usually can carry out the instruction that is stored on the computer-readable medium such as the computing equipments such as miscellaneous equipment that contents processing apparatus 110 and this paper mention, such as being included in the instruction of using in 111.Can use the multiple known programming language and/or the computer program compiling or the interpretive machine executable instruction of technological innovation, described known programming language and/or technology comprise individually or in combination, but be not limited to Java, C, C++, Visual Basic, Java Script, Perl or the like.Usually, processor (for example microprocessor) receives from the instruction of for example memory, computer-readable medium etc. and carries out these instructions, thereby carries out one or more processes, comprises one or more process as herein described.Can will use multiple known computer-readable medium to store and send this type of instruction and other data.
Computer-readable medium comprises any medium that participates in providing data (for example instruction), and it can be read by computing equipment.This type of medium can be taked many kinds of forms, includes but not limited to non-volatile media, Volatile media and transmission medium.Non-volatile media comprises for example CD or disk and other permanent memory.Volatile media comprises the dynamic random access memory (DRAM) of common formation main storage.Transmission medium comprises coaxial cable, copper cash and optical fiber, comprises the lead that comprises the system bus that is coupled to processor.Transmission medium can comprise or transmit sound wave, light wave and electromagnetic emission, such as during radio frequency (RF) or infrared (IR) data communication, generate those.The general type of computer-readable medium for example comprises: floppy disk, floppy disc, hard disk, tape, any other magnetic medium, CD-ROM, DVD, any other optical medium, punched card, paper tape, any other physical medium with sectional hole patterns, RAM, PROM, EPROM, FLASH-EEPROM, any other storage chip or box, can be from its any other medium that reads as carrier wave, computer hereinafter.
Fig. 2 shows the example process 200 that is used for to remove from buffer 112 selectively according to the importance of distributing to frame (flush) one or more frames when reaching buffer 112 capacity limit.Though when frame is pulled out in recreation application 111, from buffer 112, removed frame, from buffer 112, removed frame so fast when may not can resemble from application server 140 received frames.Therefore, it may be favourable optionally deleting one or more frames from buffer 112.
According to this exemplary embodiment, the frame of from buffer 112 and process 200, removing normally in the buffer 112 by the application server 140 determined least important frames of for example game server and so on.Therefore, the selective clearing of buffer 112 is advantageously kept newer and frame that priority is higher in the application program that Media Stream 127 is provided of for example recreation application and so on to about which frame leaving out under the situation about controlling fully.Selectivity buffer 112 is removed high-caliber video quality also is provided usually, because it considers that application specific information and each frame in video flowing distribute priority level or ordering.Therefore, as said process, process 200 shows provides the dynamic buffer restriction to adjust to compensate the advantage such as the delay in system's 100 parts such as network 125, server 140 during utility cessions such as for example gaming session.Therefore the removing of the selectivity buffer 112 of process 200 can also be disposed current buffer conditions, and only just does like this when removing buffer 112 is favourable.It should be noted that this method can be utilized priority or " importance " of measuring end-to-end delay and each frame of mark such as the realization of the such application vendor of game provider.
In step 205, determine the capacity limit of buffer 112.For example, server 140 can send for example capacity limit that should be used for be provided with buffer 112 of recreation and so on of instruction to be asked based on user 102 to using 111.
Next, in step 210, contents processing apparatus 110 receives Media Stream 127 from application server 140 by aforesaid network 125 according to using instruction in 111 usually.
Next, in step 215, application 111 determines whether to reach the capacity limit of the buffer of determining 112 in step 205.If reached this capacity limit, execution in step 220 next then.Otherwise next execution in step 235.
Next, in step 220, application program 111 identifications are stored in the least important frame in the full buffer 112.Fig. 3 is provided at the exemplary illustration of the various states of the buffer 112 during the selective clearing process 200.
As shown in Figure 3, can the frame 305 that be stored in the full buffer 112 be distributed such as " 1 ", " 2 " or " 3 " such importance rate the least important frame 305 of the wherein the highest frame 305 of " 1 " expression importance, and " 3 " expression.Therefore, in the example that Fig. 3 provided, application 111 is assigned with identification four frames 305 of importance rate " 3 ".Application 111 can be discerned the importance of frame 305 with different ways.Application server 140 can be to each frame 305 assigns importance, and the importance rate of each frame 305 can be included in the Media Stream 127.For example, it should be understood that importance rate can be included in MPEG transmits in the stream.Yet, use 111 importance rates that can also under situation not, determine each frame 305 from any instruction of application server 140.To discuss in more detail below can be to the mode of frame 305 assigns importance grades.
Turn back to Fig. 2, in step 225, use 111 and impel buffer 112 optionally to remove the least important frame 305 of identification in step 220.Once more in the mode of example with reference to Fig. 3, will see after the selective clearing of buffer 112, no longer have the frame 305 that is assigned with importance rate " 3 " in the buffer 112.Therefore, the result of selectivity buffer 112 removings as shown in Figure 3 is the buffers 112 that include only the frame 305 that is endowed importance rate " 1 " or " 2 ".
Next, in step 230, Video Codec 113 and audio codec 114 or make the Voice ﹠ Video in the Media Stream 127 synchronous such as other above-mentioned program command.When synchronizing step when carrying out selective clearing in the process 200 is important because when as in, removing frame of video 305 in step 225, it is desirable to not lose between video in the Media Stream 127 and the audio frequency synchronously.It should be understood that and to make the Voice ﹠ Video in the Media Stream 127 synchronous with the known mark such as program clock benchmark (Program Clock References) that MPEG transmits in the stream.In addition, it should be understood that other element in the Media Stream is sought common ground the step possibly, and be exemplary and nonrestrictive to the explanation of Voice ﹠ Video herein.
Next, in step 235, use 111 and determine whether Media Stream 127 has arrived its terminal point.If then process 200 finishes.Otherwise process 200 is returned step 210.
Be used for the example technique of frame importance modeling is comprised " based on the action modeling " and " based on the User Activity modeling ".
Use is identified as the object in the Media Stream 127 of for example video flowing and so on " main object " based on the action modeling, and other object in the Media Stream 127 is identified as " secondary objects ".Fig. 4 provides the exemplary illustration of main, the less important and static object in the frame of video.With reference to exemplary video image shown in Figure 4, the frame capturing motion of main object is assigned with the importance of highest level, and for example " 1 ", and the frame capturing motion of secondary objects is assigned with more low-level importance, for example " 2 ".The frame that generally includes static information is assigned with other importance of lowermost level, for example " 3 ".Need utilize the application server 140 of game server and so on to comprise to be used to the programming of the semanteme of the particular instance of understanding application based on the action modeling, promptly, which to as if most important and therefore but main, which to as if more inessential and therefore but less important or the like.Therefore, need the game provider aspect to carry out some effort based on the action modeling.In addition, need apps server 142 to comprise the importance rate of the frame in the Media Stream 127 based on the action modeling.
In based on the User Activity modeling, for example whether the composition of Media Stream such as frame based on is associated with user interactions and to its assigns importance.For example, to the importance of the frame distribution highest level that obtains owing to user interactions, for example " 1 ".Therefore, in the example of Fig. 4, show the example frame from recreation, User Activity can cause the motion in a people's the image, therefore, and can be to wherein there being the people to distribute the importance of highest level at the frame of motion.Distribute more low-level importance, for example " 2 " to change the frame that obtains owing to the automation in the application example of for example gaming session and so on.Referring again to the example of Fig. 4, be that the frame of feature is owing to the automation in the application example changes the frame that obtains with the cloud layer motion.Distribute other importance of lowermost level, for example " 3 " to the frame that generally includes static information.Advantageously, provide high-quality video not needing to depend under the situation of application-specific logic usually based on the User Activity modeling, and can carry out according to the program command of using in 111.
Exemplary embodiment discussed in this article comprises based on network stream game services, and further discusses in the situation of stream video.Yet, embodiment can and expection will expand to remove to shorten delay time the also very favourable any Media Stream service of timely transmission of content.For example, Media Stream 127 can comprise rest image or some data flow of stock quotation machine information is provided.
About process as herein described, system, method, heuristic method (heuristics) etc., be understood that, though the step of this class process etc. is described as taking place according to certain sequence, can use according to except that order described herein other in proper order and the described step of execution is implemented this class process.It will also be appreciated that and to carry out some step simultaneously, can add other step, perhaps can omit some step as herein described.In other words, the purpose that the explanation of process is in some embodiment of explanation provides herein, never it should be interpreted as the described invention of restriction claim.
Therefore, it should be understood that above-mentioned illustration is an illustrative and nonrestrictive.When reading above-mentioned explanation, many embodiment except that providing example and application program are conspicuous for a person skilled in the art.Should not determine scope of the present invention, but should determine scope of the present invention with reference to the gamut of equivalent of enclosing claims and be awarded the right of this type of claim with reference to above-mentioned explanation.Can expect and be intended that further development will take place in technology discussed in this article, and disclosed system and method will be merged among this type of following embodiment.In a word, it should be understood that the present invention can carry out various modifications and changes, and only limit by following claim.
Unless carry out opposite clearly indication herein, otherwise employed all terms intention is endowed its its common meaning of being understood of reasonable dismissal and those skilled in the art the most widely in claims.Especially, unless the restriction that claim is explicit in one's statement on the contrary, otherwise the use such as speech such as " one ", " being somebody's turn to do ", " described " should be read to quoting one or more indicated elements.
Claims (22)
1. method comprises:
Media units is stored in the buffer, and wherein, each of described media units is assigned with the grade of making a difference; And
Optionally from described buffer, remove at least some unit in the described unit based on described importance rate.
2. method according to claim 1 comprises that also to described media units each distributes described importance rate.
3. method according to claim 2, wherein, comprise that according to the unit main, less important still static object and unit comprise that the object that is associated with user interactions, the object that is associated with automation change in using still are that in the static object one distributes described importance rate.
4. method according to claim 1 also is included in and receives described media units in the Media Stream.
5. method according to claim 4 wherein, receives described Media Stream via packet switching network.
6. method according to claim 4, wherein, according to the standard of Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) with described media stream formatsization.
7. method according to claim 1 also comprises the unit from described buffer is offered the encoder/decoder that output optionally is provided to media player.
8. method according to claim 1 also comprises to described buffer allocation capacity limit.
9. method according to claim 9 also is included in some unit of optionally removing in the described unit and determines whether to reach before described capacity limit from described buffer.
10. method according to claim 1, wherein, described media units is a frame.
11. method according to claim 1 visibly is included on the computer-readable medium as computer-readable instruction.
12. a system comprises:
Media buffer, it optionally receives and media units; Wherein, each of described media units is assigned with the grade of making a difference; And
Program command is used for optionally removing some unit the described unit based on described importance rate from described buffer.
13. system according to claim 12, wherein, described importance rate is to comprise mainly or one of the action of secondary objects or unit comprise the object that is associated with user interactions, change the object that is associated with automation in using, or one of static object distributes according to the unit.
14. system according to claim 12 also comprises the application server that the Media Stream that comprises described media units optionally is provided.
15. system according to claim 14, wherein, described Media Stream transmits via packet switching network.
16. system according to claim 14, wherein, described Media Stream is according to the standard of Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) and formatted.
17. system according to claim 12 also comprises optionally from described buffer extraction unit and the encoder/decoder of output optionally is provided to media player based on the unit that is extracted.
18. system according to claim 12, wherein, described buffer has been assigned with capacity limit.
19. system according to claim 18, wherein, described program command comprises the instruction that is used for determining whether to reach described capacity limit before some unit of optionally removing from described buffer the described unit.
20. system according to claim 18, wherein, described media units is a frame.
21. a method comprises:
Each assigns importance grade in a plurality of media frame;
In Media Stream, receive described media frame via packet switching network;
Described media frame is stored in the buffer;
To described buffer allocation capacity limit,
Determine to have reached described capacity limit;
Optionally from buffer, remove at least some media frame in the described media frame based on described importance rate; And
At least some frames in the described frame are offered encoder/decoder from described buffer.
22. method according to claim 21, also comprise with from the output selectivity of described encoder/decoder offer media player.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US86027806P | 2006-11-21 | 2006-11-21 | |
| US60/860,278 | 2006-11-21 | ||
| US11/691,746 | 2007-03-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101606354A true CN101606354A (en) | 2009-12-16 |
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Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA200780042892XA Pending CN101606354A (en) | 2006-11-21 | 2007-11-12 | Buffer management based on priority |
| CN200780043185.2A Expired - Fee Related CN101611365B (en) | 2006-11-21 | 2007-11-12 | Hybrid buffer management |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200780043185.2A Expired - Fee Related CN101611365B (en) | 2006-11-21 | 2007-11-12 | Hybrid buffer management |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (2) | CN101606354A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104737512A (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2015-06-24 | 三星电子株式会社 | Apparatus and method for transmitting and receiving multimedia data in a hybrid network |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050283535A1 (en) * | 2004-06-17 | 2005-12-22 | Michele Covell | Method and system for interactive control of media over a network |
-
2007
- 2007-11-12 CN CNA200780042892XA patent/CN101606354A/en active Pending
- 2007-11-12 CN CN200780043185.2A patent/CN101611365B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104737512A (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2015-06-24 | 三星电子株式会社 | Apparatus and method for transmitting and receiving multimedia data in a hybrid network |
| US9888293B2 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2018-02-06 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for delivering and receiving multimedia data in hybrid network |
| CN104737512B (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2019-04-19 | 三星电子株式会社 | Apparatus and method for transmitting and receiving multimedia data in a hybrid network |
| US10469915B2 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2019-11-05 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for delivering and receiving multimedia data in hybrid network |
| US10469914B2 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2019-11-05 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for delivering and receiving multimedia data in hybrid network |
| US10477280B2 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2019-11-12 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for delivering and receiving multimedia data in hybrid network |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101611365A (en) | 2009-12-23 |
| CN101611365B (en) | 2012-11-14 |
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