CN101537836B - 动力系中发动机的速度水平和转矩控制方法 - Google Patents
动力系中发动机的速度水平和转矩控制方法 Download PDFInfo
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- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
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- F16H37/10—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
- F16H2037/105—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing
- F16H2037/106—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing with switching means to provide two variator modes or ranges
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Abstract
本发明涉及动力系中发动机的速度水平和转矩控制方法。具体地,提供了确定内燃机优选工作点的方法,其包括确定当前搜索迭代的当前组候选工作点。本方法还包括迭代地确定在当前搜索迭代的每个候选工作点运行内燃机的运行成本,并在预定的搜索迭代次数后确定运行内燃机的优选工作点。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2007年11月7日提交的美国临时申请No.60/985984的权益,在此以引用方式将该临时申请并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及混合动力汽车中的动力系控制。
背景技术
本部分中的陈述仅是为了提供与本公开有关的背景信息,可能并不构成现有技术。
已知的动力系结构包括转矩产生装置,其包括内燃机和电机,转矩产生装置经过变速器装置将转矩传递至输出元件。一个典型的动力系包括双模式、复合分配、机电变速器(其利用输入元件接收来自主动力源的动力转矩,主动力源优选为内燃机)以及输出元件。输出元件可被可操作地连接至机动车的传动系,用于将牵引转矩传递至动力系。电机(可作为电动机或发电机运行)独立于内燃机的转矩输入而产生至变速器的转矩输入。电机可以将经过车辆传动系传递的车辆动能转换为能够存储在电能存储装置中的电能。控制系统监控来自车辆和操作者的各种输入,并且提供动力系的可操作控制,包括控制变速器运行状态与换档,控制转矩产生装置,以及调节电能存储装置和电机之间的电力交换来控制变速器的输出(包括转矩与转速)。
发明内容
确定内燃机的优选工作点的方法(内燃机机械地耦接至机电变速器,响应于操作者转矩需求把功率传递至传动系)包括确定当前搜索迭代的当前组候选工作点。该方法还包括迭代地确定在当前搜索迭代的每个候选工作点运行内燃机的运行成本,迭代地确定具有最低运行成本的当前搜索迭代的候选工作点,迭代地确定相对于当前搜索迭代的当前组候选工作点的搜索方向(基于具有最低运行成本的当前搜索迭代的候选工作点),并基于搜索方向迭代地确定后继搜索迭代的后继组候选工作点。确定的运行内燃机的优选工作点,包括在预定的搜索迭代次数之后确定的具有最低运行成本的候选工作点。
附图说明
下面将参照附图示例性地描述一个或多个实施例,其中:
图1是根据本公开的典型动力系的示意图;
图2是根据本公开的控制系统和动力系的典型结构的示意图;
图3A和3B是根据本公开的控制发动机输入速度和转矩的典型方法的过程流程图;
图4是根据本公开的第一典型搜索的图示;以及
图5是根据本公开的第二典型搜索的图示。
具体实施方式
现参照附图,其中的图示仅用于示出特定典型实施例,而不用于限制目的,图1与2描绘了典型的机电混合动力系。图1中描绘了根据本公开的典型机电混合动力系,其包括双模式、复合分配、机电混合变速器10,变速器10可操作地连接至发动机14及第一与第二电机(MG-A)56与(MG-B)72。发动机14及第一与第二电机56与72每个均产生可被传递至变速器10的功率。由发动机14及第一与第二电机56与72产生并传递至变速器10的功率通过输入和电动机转矩(本文中分别称为TI,TA,TB)以及速度(本文中分别称为NI,NA,NB)描述。
典型的发动机14包括多缸内燃机,其可在几种状态下选择性地运行,从而经由输入轴12将转矩传递至变速器10,并且其可以是点燃式或压燃式发动机。发动机14包括可操作地耦接至变速器10的输入轴12的曲轴(未示出)。转速传感器11监控输入轴12的转速。由于将例如液压泵(未示出)和/或转矩控制装置(未示出)的转矩消耗组件放置在发动机14与变速器10之间的输入轴12上,包括转速与发动机转矩的发动机14的功率输出可不同于至变速器10的输入速度NI与输入转矩TI。
典型的变速器10包括三组行星齿轮装置24,26与28,以及四个选择性地可接合的转矩传递装置,即离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73以及C4 75。如本文中使用的离合器指的是任何类型的摩擦转矩传递装置,例如包括单个或复合盘式离合器或组,带式离合器,以及制动器。优选地由变速器控制模块(以下为TCM)17控制的液压控制电路42可操作用于控制离合器状态。离合器C2 62与C4 75优选地包括使用液压的旋转摩擦离合器。离合器C1 70与C3 73优选地包括液压控制的固定装置,固定装置可选择性地接地(ground)至变速箱68。每个离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73以及C4 75均优选地使用液压,经由液压控制电路42选择性地接收加压液压流体。
第一与第二电机56与72优选地包括三相AC电机,每个均包括定子(未示出)与转子(未示出),以及各自的旋转变压器80与82。每个电机的电动机定子接地至变速箱68的外部,并且包括定子铁心,定子铁心具有从其中延伸出来的线圈电绕组。第一电机56的转子被支撑于毂衬齿轮上,毂衬齿轮经由第二行星齿轮装置26可操作地附接至轴60。第二电机72的转子固定地附接至轴套毂66。
每个旋转变压器80与82优选地包括可变磁阻装置,可变磁阻装置包括旋转变压器定子(未示出)与旋转变压器转子(未示出)。旋转变压器80与82适当地定位并装配在相应的第一与第二电机56与72上。旋转变压器80与82的各自的定子可操作地连接第一与第二电机56与72的定子。旋转变压器转子可操作地连接相应的第一与第二电机56与72的转子。每个旋转变压器80与82信号地且可操作地连接至变速器功率变换器控制模块(以下为TPIM)19,每个TPIM 19传感并监控旋转变压器转子相对于旋转变压器定子的旋转位置,由此监控第一与第二电机56与72各自的旋转位置。另外,中断来自旋转变压器80与82的信号输出来分别提供第一与第二电机56与72的转速,即,NA与NB。
变速器10包括输出元件64,例如可操作地连接至车辆(未示出)的传动系90的轴,以提供输出功率到传动系90,所述功率传递至车轮93(其中一个车轮示于图1)。通过输出转速NO与输出转矩TO表征输出元件64的输出功率。变速器输出速度传感器84监控输出元件64的转速与旋转方向。每个车轮93优选地装配有适于监控轮速VSS-WHL的传感器94,轮速输出由图2中描述的分布式控制模块系统的控制模块监控来确定车速,以及制动控制,牵引控制,以及车辆加速度控制的绝对与相对轮速。
来自发动机14的输入转矩及第一与第二电机56与72的电动机转矩(分别为TI,TA,以及TB)由燃料或存储在电能存储装置(以下为ESD)74中的电势的能量转化而生成。ESD 74经由DC传递导体27高压DC耦接至TPIM 19。传递导体27包括接触器开关38。当接触器开关38闭合时,在正常运行下,电流可以在ESD 74与TPIM 19之间流动。当接触器开关38断开时,中断在ESD 74与TPIM 19之间的电流。TPIM 19通过传递导体29将电力传递至第一电机56,并且从第一电机56传出电力,TPIM 19类似地通过传递导体31将电力传递至第二电机72,并且从第二电机72传出电力,以此来满足响应于电动机转矩TA与TB的第一与第二电机56与72的转矩指令。根据ESD74正在充电或放电,电流传递至ESD 74或从ESD 74传出。
TPIM 19包括一对功率变换器(未示出)和各自的电动机控制模块(未示出),其配置用于接收转矩指令,并且由指令控制变换器状态,以此来提供电动机驱动或再生功能以满足受指令控制的电动机转矩TA与TB。功率变换器包括已知的补偿三相功率电子装置,并且每个补偿三相功率电子装置均包括多个绝缘栅双极晶体管(未示出),绝缘栅双极晶体管通过高频转换,将ESD 74的DC功率转换为AC功率,为相应的第一与第二电机56与72提供功率。绝缘栅双极晶体管形成配置用于接收控制指令的开关模式电源。每个三相电机的每一相均典型地存在一对绝缘栅双极晶体管。控制绝缘栅双极晶体管的状态来提供电动机驱动机械功率生成或电力再生功能。三相变换器经由DC传递导体27接收或供给DC功率,并将其转换为三相AC功率或从三相AC功率转换而来,三相AC功率分别经由传递导体29与31被传导至第一与第二电机56与72或从第一与第二电机56与72传导而来,用于第一与第二电机56与72作为电动机或发电机运行。
图2是分布式控制模块系统的示意性框图。以下描述的元件包括整车控制结构的子系统,并提供图1中描述的典型混合动力系的协同系统控制。分布式控制模块系统综合相关信息与输入,并执行算法来控制各种致动器以满足控制目的(包括涉及燃料经济性,排放,性能,驾驶性能以及包括ESD 74的电池及第一与第二电机56与72的硬件保护的目的)。分布式控制模块系统包括发动机控制模块(以下为ECM)23,TCM 17,电池组控制模块(以下为BPCM)21,以及TPIM 19。混合动力控制模块(以下为HCP)5提供ECM 23,TCM 17,BPCM21与TPIM 19的监管控制与协同。用户界面(UI)13可操作地连接至多个装置,通过用户界面,车辆操作者控制或指挥机电混合动力系的运行。所述装置包括加速踏板113(AP),操作者制动踏板112(BP),变速器档位选择器114(PRNDL),以及车速巡航控制(未示出)。PRNDL 114可具有操作者可选择位置的离散数字,包括输出元件64的旋转方向,以实现前进和倒退方向之一。
前述控制模块经由局域网(以下为LAN)总线6与其它控制模块,传感器,以及致动器相通讯。LAN总线6允许各个控制模块之间的运行参数状态与致动器指令信号的结构化通讯。使用的特定通讯协议为专用的。LAN总线6与适当的协议提供用于前述控制模块与其它控制模块(提供包括例如防抱死制动,牵引控制和车辆稳定性的功能)之间的稳定的信息传送及多重控制模块接口连接。多重通讯总线可用于提高通讯速度,并且提供一定级别的信号冗余度与完整性。单个控制模块之间的通讯也可使用例如串行外设接口(SPI)总线(未示出)的直接联接。
HCP 5提供混合动力系的监管控制,用于ECM 23,TCM 17,TPIM 19,以及BPCM 21的协同运行。基于来自用户界面13以及混合动力系(包括ESD 74)的各种输入信号,HCP 5确定操作者转矩需求,输出转矩指令,发动机输入转矩指令,变速器10的应用转矩传递离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,C4 75的离合器转矩,以及第一与第二电机56与72的电动机转矩TA和TB。TCM 17可操作地连接至液压控制电路42,并且提供各种功能,其中包括监控各种压力传感装置(未示出),产生控制信号,并将控制信号传送至各电磁线圈(未示出),从而控制包含在液压控制电路42中的压力开关与控制阀。
ECM 23可操作地连接至发动机14,并且用于从发动机14的传感器与控制致动器在多条分离的线路上获取数据,为了简化起见,多条分离的线路以集合的双向接口电缆35示出。ECM 23从HCP 5接收发动机输入转矩指令。基于监控的发动机速度与载荷,ECM 23确定当时提供至变速器10的实际发动机输入转矩TI,其被传送至HCP 5。ECM 23监控来自转速传感器11的输入来确定发动机对输入轴12的输入01速度,该速度转变为变速器输入速度NI。ECM 23监控来自传感器(未示出)的输入来确定其它发动机运行参数的状态,包括例如歧管压力,发动机冷却温度,环境空气温度以及环境压力。例如,可以由歧管压力,或可替换地由监控操作者对加速踏板113的输入而确定发动机载荷。ECM 23生成并传送指令信号来控制发动机致动器,包括例如燃料喷射器,点火模块,以及节气门控制模块,这些均未示出。
TCM 17可操作地连接至变速器10,并且监控来自传感器(未示出)的输入来确定变速器运行参数的状态。TCM 17生成并传送指令信号来控制变速器10,包括控制液压控制电路42。从TCM 17至HCP 5的输入包括估算的每个离合器(即,C1 70,C2 62,C3 73以及C4 75)的离合器转矩以及输出元件64的输出转速NO。为了控制目的,可使用其它致动器与传感器将附加信息从TCM 17提供至HCP 5。TCM 17监控来自压力开关(未示出)的输入,并且选择性地致动压力控制电磁线圈(未示出)和液压电路42的切换电磁线圈(未示出),以此来选择性地致动各种离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,以及C4 75,从而达到如下文所述的各种变速器运行范围状态。
BPCM 21信号地连接至传感器(未示出)来监控ESD 74(包括电流与电压参数的状态)来将ESD 74的电池的参数状态的指示信息提供至HCP 5。电池的参数状态优选地包括电池充电状态,电池电压,电池温度,以及有效电池功率(指的是PBAT_MIN至PBAT_MAX的范围)。
制动控制模块(以下为BrCM)22可操作地连接至每个车轮93的摩擦制动器(未示出)。BrCM 22监控至制动踏板112的操作者输入,产生控制摩擦制动器的控制信号,并向HCP 5发送控制信号来基于HCP 5运行的第一与第二电机56与72。
每个控制模块ECM 23,TCM 17,TPIM 19,BPCM 21和BrCM 22优选地为通用数字计算机,包括微处理器或中央处理器,存储介质,其包括只读存储器(ROM),随机存取存储器(RAM),电子可编程只读存储器(EPROM),高速时钟,模数(A/D)与数模(D/A)电路,输入/输出电路与装置(I/O),以及适当的信号调节与缓冲电路。每个控制模块都具有一组控制算法,包括存储在存储介质之一中并被执行来提供每个计算机各自功能的驻存程序指令和校准。控制模块之间的信息传递优选地使用LAN总线6与SPI总线来完成。在预设循环周期期间执行控制算法使得每个算法在每个循环周期中执行至少一次。存储在非易失存储装置中的算法由中央处理器之一执行来监控来自传感装置的输入,并且执行控制与诊断程序来通过使用预设校准控制致动器的运行。以规则时间间隔执行循环周期,例如在混合动力系的实时运行过程中每隔3.125,6.25,12.5,25以及100毫秒。可替换地,可响应于事件的发生而执行算法。
典型的混合动力系选择性地以几种运行范围状态之一运行,运行范围状态可通过发动机状态与变速器状态描述,其中发动机状态包括发动机工作状态(ON)与发动机停止状态(OFF)之一,变速器状态包括多个固定档位与连续变量运行模式,以下参照表1描述。
表1
表中描述了每个变速器运行范围状态并指示每个运行范围状态中便用的是特定离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73以及C4 75中的哪个。为了“接地”第三行星齿轮装置28的外部齿轮元件,仅通过使用离合器C1 70来选择第一连续变量模式,即EVT模式1,或者M1。发动机状态可以为ON(M1_Eng_On)或OFF(M1_Eng_Off)之一。仅通过使用离合器C262来选择第二连续变量模式,即EVT模式2,或者M2,以此来将轴60连接至第三行星齿轮装置28的承载件。发动机状态可以为ON(M2_Eng_On)或者OFF(M2_Eng_Off)之一。为了本说明书的目的,当发动机状态为OFF时,发动机输入速度等于每分钟零转(RPM),即发动机曲轴不旋转。固定档位运行提供变速器10的输入/输出速度的固定比率运行,即NI/NO。通过使用离合器C1 70和C4 75来选择第一固定档位运行(G1)。通过使用离合器C1 70和C2 62来选择第二固定档位运行(G2)。通过使用离合器C2 62和C4 75来选择第三固定档位运行(G3)。通过使用离合器C2 62和C3 73来选择第四固定档位运行(G4)。由于行星齿轮24,26及28中降低的传动比,因此输入/输出速度的固定比率运行随着升高的固定档位运行而提高。第一与第二电机56与72各自的转速NA和NB取决于由离合器限定的机构内部转速,并且与输入轴12处测量的输入速度成比例。
响应于由用户界面13获取的经由加速踏板113与制动踏板112的操作者输入,HCP 5及一个或多个其它控制模块确定转矩指令来控制转矩产生装置(包括发动机14和第一与第二电机56与72),以此来满足在输出元件64处并且传递至传动系90的操作者转矩需求。基于来自用户界面13和包括ESD74的混合动力系的输入信号,HCP 5确定操作者转矩需求,从变速器10至传动系90的受指令控制的输出转矩,来自发动机14的输入转矩,变速器10的转矩传递离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73、C4 75的离合器转矩;以及第一与第二电机56与72各自的电动机转矩,如下所述。
最终的车辆加速度会受其它因素的影响,包括例如道路载荷,道路坡度,以及车辆重量。基于混合动力系的各种运行特性,确定变速器10的运行范围状态。这包括操作者转矩需求,其如前所述通过加速踏板113和制动踏板112传送至用户界面13。运行范围状态能够以由指令产生的混合动力系转矩要求为基础,在电能生成模式或转矩生成模式中运行第一与第二电机56与72。运行范围状态可以由最佳算法或程序确定,其基于操作者对功率,电池充电状态,以及发动机14及第一与第二电机56与72的能量效率的要求而确定最佳系统效率。控制系统基于执行的最佳程序的结果来控制发动机14及第一与第二电机56与72的转矩输入,因此最佳化系统效率来控制燃料经济性与电池充电。而且,可以基于组件或系统中的故障确定运行。HCP 5监控转矩产生装置,并且确定响应于输出元件64处需要的输出转矩的所需变速器10的功率输出,以此来满足操作者转矩需求。如从以上描述中显而易见的,ESD 74及第一与第二电机56与72电动可操作地耦接,用于传递它们之间的功率流。而且,发动机14,第一与第二电机56与72,以及机电变速器10机械可操作地耦接来传递它们之间的功率,从而产生至输出元件64的功率流。
图3A和3B显示了响应于操作者转矩需求TO_REQ的发动机14的优选工作点的确定方法200,图4和图5图示地分别显示了利用方法200执行的典型搜索的图300和图300。在第一和第二连续变量模式运行过程中,优选地利用方法200来控制发动机14的输入功率PI,所述输入功率PI由发动机14的输入速度NI和输入转矩TI描述。在第一和第二连续变量模式中,变速器10利用一个离合器(即,离合器C1 62或者C2 70)传递来自发动机14的机械功率,并且发动机14在优选工作点运行。发动机14在工作点通过执行HCP 5中的算法和标准而被控制,包括执行二维搜索来确定优选发动机工作点。
图3A显示了方法200的流程图,并且图3B显示了当执行方法200时HCP 5使用的编程函数,方法200包括边界条件限定程序248,搜索引擎250,成本函数252,和仪器执行器254。
限定了边界条件(210,248),所述边界条件包括与发动机工作点相关的允许输入功率值范围。边界条件限定了二维搜索区域303。二维搜索区域303基于从发动机14传递至变速器10的输入功率PI而确定。在一个典型的实施例中,二维搜索区域303包括允许输入功率值范围(从-1KW到40KW)和允许输入速度值范围(从600RPM到2000RPM)。在可选实施例中,二维搜索区域303包括允许输入速度值范围和允许输入转矩值范围、允许输入功率值范围和允许输入转矩值范围的其中之一。
允许输入功率值范围与发动机输入功率有关,包括从最小允许输入功率[YMIN]到最大允许输入功率[YMAX]的输入功率值[Y]。发动机14的允许输入速度值范围包括从最小允许输入速度[XMIN]到最大允许输入速度[XMAX]的输入速度值[X]。HCP 5利用变速器12的输出速度NO和查询表(未示出)中的操作者转矩需求TO_REQ来获得最小允许输入功率YMIN,最大允许输入功率YMAX,最小允许输入速度XMIN和最大允许输入速度XMAX。在可选实施例中,最小允许输入功率YMIN,最大允许输入功率YMAX,最小允许输入速度XMIN和最大允许输入速度XMAX可以基于动力系的其它运行特性的测量。
最大允许输入功率YMAX和最小允许输入功率YMIN被标准化(212)使得最大允许输入功率YMAX对应于标准化的最大输入功率[yMAX],其值为1,并且最小允许输入功率YMIN对应于标准化的最小允许输入功率[yMIN],其值为0。最大允许输入速度XMAX和最小允许输入速度XMIN被标准化(212)使得最大允许输入速度XMAX对应于标准化的最大允许输入速度[xMAX],其值为1,并且最小允许输入速度XMIN对应于标准化的最小允许输入速度[xMIN],其值为0。
HCP 5在搜索区域303内迭代地确定工作点(214)。工作点包括x/y坐标,其中x值对应于标准化的速度值,y值对应于标准化的功率值。HCP 5确定第一组候选工作点(包括工作点302,工作点304,工作点306,工作点308)。
在一个实施例中,HCP 5确定了第一组候选工作点使得候选工作点限定了矩形301的角,并且矩形301在搜索区域303内居中。矩形301基于特定成本函数,允许的最大迭代次数和需要的搜索精确度可具有脱机最佳的长度和宽度。
HCP 5利用基于标准化的缩放比例,把第一组候选工作点的每个候选工作点(x,y)反标准化为它们相应的值(X,Y)(216)。HCP 5通过执行成本函数f(X,Y,NO,TO_REQ)(252)计算运行发动机14的运行成本PCOST,其与每个候选发动机工作点302,304,306,308有关且与操作者转矩需求TO_REQ与变速器10的输出速度NO有关。HCP 5计算满足每个分区内的每个候选发动机工作点的操作者转矩需求TO_REQ的运行内燃机和机电变速器10的运行成本。HCP 5如下面公式1所示确定速度关系:
其中,NO是输出速度,NA是第一电机56的运行速度,NB是第二电机72的运行速度,且b11,b12,b21,b22是为特定运行范围状态中的特定应确定的已知标量值。因此,确定的标量值b11,b12,b21,b22对于EVT模式1和EVT模式2的每个都是特定的。在本申请中,当变速器输出速度NO是已知的时,输入速度NI有一个自由度,由此NA和NB可以被确定。
HCP 5利用以下公式2所示关系确定转矩:
其中变速器10的输出转矩TO设置为操作者转矩需求TO_REQ,TA和TB是MG-A56和MG-B 72的运行转矩,和表示发动机14的输入速度和变速器10的输出速度的时间率变化,并且d11,d12,d13,d14,d21,d22,d23,d24是为每个运行范围状态确定的已知标量值,即,本申请的EVT模式1和EVT模式2中的一个。在本申请中,当输出转矩TO是已知的,输入扭矩TI有一个自由度,由此TA和TB可以被确定。
成本函数f(X,Y)252包括运行成本,其通常基于包括汽车驾驶性能,燃料经济性,排放和电池使用等因素确定。而且,成本被归于并且有关于燃料和电力的消耗,还有关于动力系的特定工作点。较低的运行成本通常有关于工作点的高转化率时较低的燃料消耗,较低的电池能量使用,较低的排放,并且很接近动力系系统的当前运行状态。
HCP 5计算对应于工作点302,304,306,308的各自的成本PCOST302,成本PCOST304,成本PCOST306和成本PCOST308。HCP 5通过确定PCOST302,PCOST304,PCOST306,PCOST308中哪一个具有最低值来确定基点,并确定与最低值相关的点为第一组工作点的基点。图4描绘了一个典型实施例,其中HCP 5确定第一组工作点中的最低成本为成本PCOST306,并且因此确定工作点306为第一组工作点的基点。
HCP 5利用搜索引擎250确定第二组候选工作点(220)。在一个典型实施例中,搜索引擎250通过从基点远离第一组工作点延伸搜索方向,来基于基点选择与第一组候选工作点有关的搜索方向。HCP 5确定的第二组候选工作点,包括沿着作为第一组候选工作点基点的候选工作点306的候选工作点310,312和314。第二组候选工作点限定矩形311,其与第一组候选工作点的矩形301在候选工作点306具有共同的角。
在一个实施例中,矩形311比矩形301小,使得第一组候选工作点和第二组候选工作点之间的搜索解析度提高。在一个实施例中,矩形311的每边是矩形301对应边长度的一分数(fraction)。
HCP 5反标准化第二组候选工作点的工作点(x,y)成它们对应的速度和功率值(X,Y)216。HCP 5将第二组工作点的速度和功率值(X,Y)输入成本函数f(X,Y)。HCP 5计算工作点310,312,314各自的成本PCOST310,成本PCOST312,成本PCOST314。HCP 5通过确定成本PCOST310,PCOST312,PCOST314,PCOST306中哪一个有最低值来确定基点,并确定与最低值有关的点为第二组候选工作点的基点。图4描绘了一个典型实施例,其中成本PCOST310有最低成本,并因此候选工作点310为第二组候选工作点的基点。
HCP 5利用成本函数252和搜索引擎250基于先前确定的每组候选工作点的基点,迭代地确定候选工作点组。HCP 5利用搜索引擎250,沿着作为先前确定的基点的候选工作点310,确定包括工作点318,320,322的第三组候选工作点。第三组候选工作点限定矩形321的一个角。搜索引擎250沿着作为先前确定的基点的候选工作点310,确定包括候选工作点324,326,328的第四组候选工作点。第四组候选工作点限定矩形331的一个角。搜索引擎250沿着作为先前确定的基点的候选工作点310,确定包括候选工作点330,332,334的第五组候选工作点。第五组候选工作点限定第五矩形341的一个角。
当HCP 5估算三组连续候选工作点,并确定每组候选工作点的基点是相同的时,HCP 5利用与先前确定的矩形有一条共同边的矩形来确定第六组候选工作点。在一个实施例中,HCP 5确定包括候选工作点336和候选工作点338的第六组候选工作点。候选工作点338限定矩形343的一个角,所述角与由候选工作点310限定的矩形343的角是相对的。矩形343包括与先前确定的矩形341具有相同的形状和大小的矩形,所述矩形与矩形341共用一条边(即,由候选工作点310和候选工作点332限定的边)。候选工作点336限定矩形345的一个角,所述角与由候选工作点310限定的矩形345的角是相对的。矩形345包括与先前确定的矩形341具有相同的形状和大小的矩形,所述矩形与矩形341共用一条边(即,由工作点310和候选工作点334限定的边)。
HCP 5反标准化第六组候选工作点的每个工作点(x,y)成它们对应的发动机速度和发动机功率值(X,Y)(216)。HCP 5将第六组工作点的速度和功率值(X,Y)输入成本函数f(X,Y)252来确定综合成本PCOST(218)。
HCP 5计算工作点336,338各自的成本PCOST336和成本PCOST338。HCP5通过确定成本PCOST310,成本PCOST336,成本PCOST338和成本PCOST310中的哪一个具有最低值来确定基点,并确定与最低值相关的点作为第六组工作点的基点。图4描绘了一个典型实施例,其中HCP 5确定以上工作点组的最低成本为成本PCOST336,并因此确定候选工作点336为第六组候选工作点的基点。
搜索引擎214沿着候选工作点336确定包括候选工作点340,342,344的第七组候选工作点。第七组候选工作点限定矩形351,其从候选工作点310向外延伸。
图5显示了利用方法200执行的另一个典型搜索的图300’。图300’包括由图300示出了第一和第二搜索迭代的第一和第二组候选工作点以及第一和第二搜索矩形。图5描绘了一个实施例,其中HCP 5确定第三组工作点的最低成本为成本PCOST320,并因此确定工作点320作为第三组工作点的基点。
HCP 5利用搜索引擎250确定第四组候选工作点(220)。HCP 5为包括工作点320,点370,372,374的第四组候选工作点选择了一组候选工作点。然而,候选工作点372和候选工作点374的标准化的输入速度值x超出了标准化速度值307的允许范围(即x值小于xMIN)。HCP 5把候选工作点372和374标准化输入速度值x设为最小允许输入速度xMIN,以此确定新的候选工作点378和380。HCP 5确定包括工作点320,工作点370,工作点378,工作点380的第四组候选工作点。
HCP 5计算工作点370,378,380各自的成本PCOST370,成本PCOST378和成本PCOST380。HCP 5通过确定成本PCOST320,成本PCOST370,成本PCOST378和成本PCOST380中哪一个有最低值来确定基点,并确定与最低值相关的点作为第四组候选工作点的基点。图5描绘了一个典型实施例,其中HCP 5确定了第四组候选工作点中的最低成本为PCOST378,并且确定工作点378为第四组工作点的基点。
当HCP 5确定的基点包括极限值时(即最小允许输入速度xMIN,最大允许输入速度XMAX,最小允许输入功率yMIN或最大允许输入功率yMAX),HCP 5确定一组候选工作点使得该组候选工作点跳出搜索极限。HCP 5选择包括候选工作点378,候选工作点382,候选工作点388和候选工作点390的第五组候选工作点。第五组候选工作点限定矩形383。此外,当基点包括极限值时,HCP 5选择的候选工作点形成的矩形,其具有的两条边是由当前组候选工作点的矩形有关的长度上延长得到的。例如,候选工作点378和候选工作点380之间的距离,以及候选工作点382和候选工作点388之间的距离比与x方向上第五组候选工作点的候选工作点有关的正常间隔要长,因此允许搜索引擎250估算超出最小允许输入功率xMIN的边界的候选工作点。
HCP 5继续执行步骤216,218,220直到选定的迭代次数执行完(222)。在一个典型实施例中,执行了九次迭代。
在一个实施例中,HCP 5计算成本直到计算出选定的成本量。在一个实施例中,HCP 5为28个候选工作点计算成本。当选定的成本量计算完毕后,与最低成本相关的候选工作点是优选的工作点,其与优选的速度值XOPT和优选的功率值YOPT有关。
HCP 5利用方法200快速地确定标准化优选速度值xOPT和标准化优选功率值yOPT,这是因为搜索引擎250和成本函数252分开运行。尤其地,搜索引擎250快速地确定候选工作点组并把每组候选工作点提供给成本函数252,使得成本函数252在每个候选工作点只需解出一个未知变量。HCP 5利用方法200在小于25毫秒的时间内计算28个成本值。
在可选实施例中,HCP 5执行其它次数的成本计算。另外,在其它可选实施例中,HCP 5执行成本运算直到用完选定的时间或直到达到选定的搜索公差水平。
在可选的典型实施例中,搜索引擎可以利用其它类型的搜索函数。在一个实施例中,搜索引擎在整个允许输入转矩范围(TI_MIN到TI_MAX)和整个允许输入速度范围(NI_MIN到NI_MAX)上迭代地产生输入组合。在一个实施例中,搜索引擎选定输入转矩和输入速度初始值,计算与初始值输入转矩和输入速度相关的成本,并基于成本计算将允许搜索区域划分成分区。
在一个实施例中,搜索引擎选定输入转矩和输入速度初始值,其在搜索区域的相关范围内具有黄金比率,基于输出成本确定与初始值输入转矩和输入速度有关的成本而不包含某些的搜索区域(既,减小允许搜索区域的大小)。
在其它实施例中,搜索引擎确定候选工作点,所述候选工作点限定角组成的几何形状(例如,正方形或三角形)。搜索引擎基于与每个工作点有关的转矩值和速度值估算成本。然后搜索引擎利用工作点限定第二形状的新角。第二形状与第一形状至少在大小,旋转方向,角的位置或数量,角的度数的一个中有所不同。
与XOPT和YOPT相关的中间结果(例如优选成本的各组件)用于仪器的执行和系统诊断被记录(224)。在一个实施例中,在汽车诊断过程中,获取与XOPT和YOPT相关的中间结果以确定算法是否选择了优选发动机工作点。
动力系基于由搜索引擎250和成本函数252所确定的优选工作点(xOPT,yOPT)而被控制(226)。XOPT的值与优选发动机速度NI_OPT相关联。优选输入转矩TI_OPT由优选发动机速度XI_OPT去除YOPT而确定以给出优选输入转矩TI_OPT。
如上所述,HCP 5利用方法200在第一和第二连续变量模式中控制变速器10。HCP 5使用所述公式1和2来控制发动机的输入速度和输入转矩,其中输入速度NI被设为最佳输入速度NI_OPT,输入转矩TI被设为最佳输入转矩TI_OPT。
本公开描述了某些优选实施例及其修改。根据阅读和理解本说明书可以做出更多的修改和替代。因此,本公开不应限于实现本公开的预期最好模式的特定实施例,而应包括落在所附权利要求范围内的所有实施例。
Claims (21)
1.一种确定内燃机的优选工作点的方法,内燃机机械地耦接至机电变速器,响应于操作者转矩需求,把功率传递到传动系,所述方法包括:
确定当前搜索迭代的当前组候选工作点;
迭代地
确定在所述当前搜索迭代的每个候选工作点运行所述内燃机的运行成本,
确定具有最低运行成本的所述当前搜索迭代的候选工作点,
基于具有所述最低运行成本的所述当前搜索迭代的所述候选工作点,确定与所述当前搜索迭代的所述当前组候选工作点相关的搜索方向,
基于所述搜索方向,确定后继搜索迭代的后继组候选工作点;以及确定运行所述内燃机的优选工作点,其包括在预定的迭代次数后确定的具有所述最低运行成本的所述候选工作点。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
确定操作者转矩需求;
基于所述操作者转矩需求,限定搜索区域;以及
在所述搜索区域内迭代地确定候选工作点组。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括确定在所述搜索区域外的第一候选工作点并确定在所述搜索区域内的第二候选工作点,其中所述当前搜索迭代的所述当前组候选工作点包括所述第二候选工作点。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,确定所述当前搜索迭代的所述当前组候选工作点和所述后继搜索迭代的所述后继组候选工作点,包括在所述搜索区域内限定矩形。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述当前搜索迭代的所述当前组候选工作点和所述后继搜索迭代的所述后继组候选工作点具有一个共同的工作点。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括确定所述当前搜索迭代的所述候选工作点的基点,并基于所述确定的基点确定所述搜索方向。
7.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括当相同的候选工作点在三次连续迭代中被确定为基点时,选择所述后继搜索迭代的所述后继组候选工作点,其限定的矩形与所述当前搜索迭代的所述当前组候选工作点限定的矩形具有一条共同的边。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,包括在每个后继搜索迭代中提高搜索解析度。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,预定的迭代次数为九次迭代。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,包括确定28个候选工作点的所述运行成本。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,计算运行成本包括计算与汽车驾驶性能,燃料经济性,排放和电池使用的至少一个相关的运行成本。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
监控操作者转矩需求;以及
基于所述操作者转矩需求,计算运行成本。
13.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括在存储介质中记录用于运行所述内燃机的速度值和转矩值。
14.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,确定所述当前搜索迭代的所述当前组候选工作点包括确定四个候选工作点。
15.一种确定内燃机的优选工作点的方法,内燃机机械地耦接至机电变速器上,响应于操作者转矩需求,把功率传递到传动系,所述方法包括:
限定包括所述内燃机的工作点的搜索区域;
确定在所述搜索区域内的当前搜索迭代的当前组候选工作点;
迭代地
确定在所述当前搜索迭代的每个候选工作点运行所述内燃机的运行成本,
确定具有最低运行成本的所述当前搜索迭代的候选工作点,
基于具有所述最低运行成本的所述当前搜索迭代的所述候选工作点,确定与所述当前搜索迭代的所述当前组候选工作点相关的搜索方向,
基于所述搜索方向,确定后继搜索迭代的后继组候选工作点;以及确定运行所述内燃机的优选工作点,其包括在预定的迭代次数后确定的具有所述最低运行成本的所述候选工作点。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,每个候选工作点包括输入速度和输入功率。
17.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,每个候选工作点包括输入速度和输入转矩。
18.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,计算运行成本包括计算与汽车驾驶性能,燃料经济性,排放和电池使用的至少一个相关的运行成本。
19.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
确定操作者转矩需求;以及
基于所述操作者转矩需求,限定所述搜索区域。
20.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,确定所述当前搜索迭代的所述当前组候选工作点包括确定四个候选工作点。
21.一种确定内燃机的优选工作点的方法,内燃机机械地耦接至机电变速器上,把功率传递到传动系,所述方法包括:
限定工作点搜索范围;
标准化所述工作点搜索范围;
确定当前搜索迭代的当前组候选工作点;
迭代地
确定在所述当前搜索迭代的每个候选工作点运行所述内燃机的运行成本,
确定具有最低运行成本的所述当前搜索迭代的候选工作点,
基于具有所述最低运行成本的所述当前搜索迭代的所述候选工作点,确定与所述当前搜索迭代的所述候选工作点组相关的搜索方向,
基于所述搜索方向,确定后继搜索迭代的后继组候选工作点;以及确定运行所述内燃机的优选工作点,其包括在预定的迭代次数后确定的具有所述最低运行成本的所述候选工作点。
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| CN1877105A (zh) * | 2006-06-30 | 2006-12-13 | 清华大学 | 一种汽车纵向加速度跟踪控制方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2065273A3 (en) | 2012-04-25 |
| EP2065273B1 (en) | 2013-08-07 |
| EP2065273A2 (en) | 2009-06-03 |
| CN101537836A (zh) | 2009-09-23 |
| US8433486B2 (en) | 2013-04-30 |
| US20090118927A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
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