CN101391866B - High-strength alkali-free glass fibre direct roving sizing agent for optical cable strengthening core - Google Patents
High-strength alkali-free glass fibre direct roving sizing agent for optical cable strengthening core Download PDFInfo
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- CN101391866B CN101391866B CN2008101214661A CN200810121466A CN101391866B CN 101391866 B CN101391866 B CN 101391866B CN 2008101214661 A CN2008101214661 A CN 2008101214661A CN 200810121466 A CN200810121466 A CN 200810121466A CN 101391866 B CN101391866 B CN 101391866B
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940074391 gallic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000004515 gallic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N triolein Chemical class CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006387 Vinylite Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007380 fibre production Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Surface Treatment Of Glass Fibres Or Filaments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a size of high-strength alkali-free glass fibre direct yarn used for a reinforced core of an optical cable, comprising coupling agent, lubricant, film forming agent A, film forming agent B, film forming agent C and a pH value regulator; the solid weight of all the materials accounts for 5 to 10 percent, the rest of materials is water, and the content of the water accounts for 90 to 95 percent of the total weight of the size; the coupling agent adopts silane coupling agent and accounts for 3 to 10 percent of the solid weight of the size; the lubricant adopts unsaturated olein lubricant and accounts for 1 to 10 percent of the solid weight of the size; the film forming agent A, the film forming agent B and the film forming agent C respectively adopts one of epoxy emulsion, polyester emulsion and polyvinyl acetate emulsion, wherein, the film forming agent C selects compound with low degree of polymerization, the combination of the film forming agent A and the film forming agent B accounts for 80 to 85 percent of the solid weight of the size, the film forming agent C accounts for 1 to 5 percent of the solid weight of the size, the pH value regulator adopts acid and accounts for 1 to 5 percent of the solid weight of the size and the pH value of the size is 2 to 8. The size has good compatibility with vinyl resin and epoxy resin and can lead the strength of the glass fibre reinforced plastic of the product to be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of glass-fiber reinforced thermo-setting resin technology, particularly a kind of optical cable strengthening core high-strength alkali-free glass fibre direct roving sizing agent.
Background technology
The past optical cable strengthening core is to adopt the phosphatization steel wire, but as metallic substance, its erosion resistance is relatively poor, and the life-span is shorter, and is subject to electromagnetic interference, influences transmission performance; And the proportion of metal is bigger, and production efficiency and yield rate are lower.Along with the fast development of science and technology, adopt non-metallic material to substitute the direction that has become present development.Particularly adopting with the resin is matrix, the theme that glass fibre enhanced FRP material has been used and studied as present optical cable strengthening core field.The optical cable strengthening core material that adopts pultrude process to produce, topmost performance is to possess high tensile strength, according to requirement of client, adopts ASTM2343 method test request, tensile strength need reach more than the 2400MPa.And the tensile strength that general universal pultrusion product can reach 2000~2100MPa only, so the tensile strength of product need improve more than 10% on basis before at least.Adopting under the constant prerequisite of E glass ingredient, need by a kind for the treatment of compound of development: energy and matrix resins such as Vinylite, Resins, epoxy to possess good consistency, improve interface bonded effect, promote the glass reinforced plastic performance after fiber is made FRP, to satisfy the requirement that optical cable strengthens the core high tensile.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is that a kind of optical cable strengthening core of development is filled a prescription with high-strength alkali-free glass fibre direct roving sizing agent, the direct roving that adopts this prescription to produce, not only can satisfy client's pultrusion and produce the service requirements of optical cable strengthening core technology, and requirement can be good with resin compatibles such as Vinylite, epoxies, and the glass reinforced plastic intensity that can make goods is increased to 2400MPa above (ASTM2343 testing method and standard), thereby satisfies optical cable strengthening core market and requirement of client.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted: this optical cable strengthening core high-strength alkali-free glass fibre direct roving sizing agent, it is characterized in that comprising coupling agent, lubricant, membrane-forming agent A, membrane-forming agent B, membrane-forming agent C, pH value conditioning agent, above material solid quality accounts for 5~10% for the treatment of compound total mass, all the other materials are water, the content of water (water of raw material self band adds the water that the preparation treating compound adds) accounts for 90~95% for the treatment of compound total mass, coupling agent adopts silane coupling agent, account for 3~10% for the treatment of compound solid masses, lubricant adopts water miscible lipid lubricant, account for 1~10% for the treatment of compound solid masses, membrane-forming agent A, membrane-forming agent B, membrane-forming agent C adopts the epoxies emulsion respectively, the polyester emulsion, a kind of in the Vinyl Acetate Copolymer class emulsion, membrane-forming agent C selects the compound of low polymerization degree in above-mentioned four kinds of emulsions for use, can be low-molecular-weight polyester, one of low molecular epoxy ester, membrane-forming agent A, the ratio that is combined into of membrane-forming agent B, membrane-forming agent A accounts for 10~75% for the treatment of compound solid masses, membrane-forming agent B accounts for 70~10% for the treatment of compound solid masses, and membrane-forming agent C accounts for 1~5% for the treatment of compound solid masses; PH value conditioning agent is used for the dispersion and the hydrolysis of coupling agent, adopts acid usually, can be organic acid and mineral acid, and pH value conditioning agent accounts for 1~5% for the treatment of compound solid masses, and the pH value for the treatment of compound is 2~8.
Coupling agent of the present invention adopts a kind of among A-172, A-174, A-1100, the A-187, accounts for 3~10% for the treatment of compound solid masses.
A kind of in epoxy/polyester/small molecules epoxy ester, epoxy/Vinyl Acetate Copolymer class/small molecules epoxy ester, the polyester/Vinyl Acetate Copolymer class/small molecules epoxy ester adopted in the cooperation of membrane-forming agent A/ membrane-forming agent B/ membrane-forming agent C of the present invention, the combination of membrane-forming agent A and membrane-forming agent B accounts for 80~85% for the treatment of compound solid masses, and membrane-forming agent C accounts for 1~5% for the treatment of compound solid masses.
PH value conditioning agent of the present invention adopts a kind of in citric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, the boric acid, accounts for 1~5% for the treatment of compound solid masses usually, and the pH value for the treatment of compound is 3~7.
Lubricant of the present invention adopts unsaturated oil esters of gallic acid lubricant, accounts for 2~5% for the treatment of compound solid masses.
Glass fibre of the present invention L.0.I (combustible content of glass fibre, promptly treating compound is coated on the ratio that amount on the glass fibre accounts for the glass fibre quality, down with) be controlled at 0.5~1.0%.
Optical cable strengthening core of the present invention may further comprise the steps with the compound method of high-strength alkali-free glass fibre direct roving sizing agent: add half total amount deionized water in a clean container, and then the amount of acid in the adding treating compound composition, fully stir after 3~5 minutes, slowly add the silane coupling agent in the treating compound composition again, continue to stir 25~30 minutes; Lubricant in the treating compound composition is fully adding container behind the agitation and dilution in 3 times of warm deionized waters to its amount (40~50 ℃); Membrane-forming agent A, membrane-forming agent B, membrane-forming agent C in the treating compound composition adopt 3 times of water of film forming dosage to advance dilution respectively; If treating compound pH value can not reach optimum range, add an amount of acid and adjust and stir, reach optimum range until the pH value.
The present invention compared with prior art can be good with Vinylite, epoxy resin compatibility, and can make the glass reinforced plastic intensity of goods be increased to 2400MPa above (ASTM2343 testing method and standard), thereby satisfy optical cable strengthening core market and requirement of client.
Embodiment
By the following examples the present invention is carried out specific description, but content of the present invention is not subjected to any restriction of following examples.
Embodiment of the invention optical cable strengthening core comprises coupling agent with high-strength alkali-free glass fibre direct roving sizing agent, lubricant, membrane-forming agent A, membrane-forming agent B, membrane-forming agent C, pH value conditioning agent, all the other are water, the content of present embodiment water accounts for 90% for the treatment of compound total mass, and L.0.I be controlled at 0.5~1.0%, wherein coupling agent adopts the amino containing silane coupling agent, account for 3~10% for the treatment of compound solids content, lubricant adopts unsaturated oil esters of gallic acid lubricant, account for 2~5% for the treatment of compound solids content, membrane-forming agent A, membrane-forming agent B, membrane-forming agent C adopts the epoxies emulsion respectively, the polyester emulsion, a kind of in the Vinyl Acetate Copolymer class emulsion, membrane-forming agent C selects the wherein compound of low polymerization degree for use, membrane-forming agent A, the ratio that is combined into of membrane-forming agent B, membrane-forming agent A accounts for 10~75% for the treatment of compound solid masses, membrane-forming agent B accounts for 70~10% for the treatment of compound solid masses, and membrane-forming agent C accounts for 1~5% for the treatment of compound solid masses; PH value conditioning agent is used for the dispersion and the hydrolysis of coupling agent, adopts acid usually, accounts for 1~5% for the treatment of compound solids content.
1. the coupling agent of the embodiment of the invention generally adopts silane coupling agent, can be the silane coupling agent of organo-functional groups such as containing ethene, vinylformic acid, amido, and general available product grade has A-172, A-174, A-1100, A-187 etc.The effect of coupling agent; not only at drawing process protection fiber; and with the matrix resin coupling; playing the coupled action between glass fibre and matrix resin, is the key that influences glass fiber strength and glass fiber reinforced plastics product intensity therefore, and its usage quantity is generally between 3~10%; embodiment of the invention coupling agent has been selected amido base silane coupling agent for use; and selected 8~10% more suitable scopes for use, to guarantee that enough content is arranged, play protection fiber and coupled action.Suitable coupling agents is selected, and can make the FRP product of producing have better mechanical property.
2. the lubricant of the embodiment of the invention can adopt water miscible organic compound, unsaturated oil esters of gallic acid lubricant particularly, the general ratio that adopts is 1~10%, the consumption of lubricant is standard to satisfy glass fibre at the lubricant effect of wire drawing, aftertreatment, use, the principle of design is enoughly just can, too many lubricant can influence the bond effect between precursor, and can influence the intensity of final glass fiber reinforced plastics product, and embodiment of the invention lubricant adopts best amount ranges 2~5%.
3. the membrane-forming agent A of the embodiment of the invention, membrane-forming agent B, membrane-forming agent C play the protection fiber as the main component for the treatment of compound, and the intensity of glass fibre and the intensity of end article are played decisive influence.Common available membrane-forming agent has epoxies emulsion, polyester emulsion, Vinyl Acetate Copolymer class emulsion etc.Need in above a few class membrane-forming agents, to select suitable kind.General membrane-forming agent relatively more commonly used cooperates (membrane-forming agent A/ membrane-forming agent B/ membrane-forming agent C): epoxy/polyester/small molecules epoxy ester, epoxy/Vinyl Acetate Copolymer class/small molecules epoxy ester, polyester/Vinyl Acetate Copolymer class/small molecules epoxy ester, the combination of membrane-forming agent A and membrane-forming agent B accounts for 80~85% for the treatment of compound solid masses, and concrete ratio is determined by experiment; Membrane-forming agent C accounts for 1~5% for the treatment of compound solid masses.In order to improve the consistency with resins such as vinyl and epoxies, reach the high requirement of intensity, experiment test embodiment of the present invention adopts the cooperation of epoxy/polyester/small molecules epoxy ester.
4. acid is adopted in the pH regulator agent of the embodiment of the invention, and the dispersion of the coupling agent in the treating compound need hydrolysis under certain pH condition, specifically sees the kind of coupling agent and disperses requirement.The treating compound for preparing; general requirement is in certain pH range storage and use, and the scope of pH value generally can be 2~8, the sour environment of common meeting between 3~7; the general pH regulator agent of using is organic acid or mineral acid, can be acid such as citric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, acetate, boric acid.The embodiment of the invention adopts boric acid.
5. L.0.I (combustible content) on the yarn of the embodiment of the invention generally is controlled at 0.5~1.0%, concrete value need be according to the performance of raw material itself, the performance index and the experiment test result that reach from product needed, L.0.I at 0.5~0.9% product of producing, adopt the ASTM2343 method, glass reinforced plastic intensity can reach more than the 2400MPa.
The explanation of embodiment of the invention determination of formula and experimental technique:
For the optical cable strengthening core that reaches production with the direct yarn of alkali-free possess high tensile strength (〉=2400MPa), we have selected the combination of the membrane-forming agent A/ membrane-forming agent B/ membrane-forming agent C of epoxy/polyester/small molecules epoxy ester for use, such combination can guarantee good to soak into, high tensile strength, controlled the cost for the treatment of compound again largely.
Be the example and the test result of some prescriptions below, numerical value wherein is the per-cent that each composition accounts for the treating compound solid masses.
| Component | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 |
| Coupling agent | 3.5 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Lubricant | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2.5 | 4 | 3 |
| Membrane-forming agent A | 11.5 | 26.7 | 51.8 | 60.5 | 67.2 | 74.9 |
| Membrane-forming agent B | 70.0 | 54.3 | 31.2 | 21.0 | 15.8 | 10.1 |
| Membrane-forming agent C | 5 | 4 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| The pH regulator agent | 5 | 4 | 2.5 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Prescription solids content ratio adds up to | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Product L.0.I | 0.75 | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.80 |
| The linear density of product (tex) | 602 | 604 | 602 | 600 | 603 | 606 |
| Precursor boundling state | Slightly poor | Good | Good | Good | Slightly poor | Slightly poor |
| Yarn matter | Soft | Slightly soft | Moderate | Moderate | Firmly | Really up to the mark |
| Filoplume (mg/kg) | 15.3 | 18.5 | 25.3 | 48.0 | 65.1 | 84.2 |
| Soak into effect in the resin | Transparent | Transparent | Transparent | Transparent | A small amount of white silk | More white silk |
| Yarn strength (N/tex) | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.61 | 0.60 | 0.58 | 0.62 |
| Tensile strength (ASTM2343MPa) | 2050 | 2255 | 2468 | 2558 | 2312 | 2294 |
| The glass fiber content of FRP (%) | 59.16 | 59.51 | 59.48 | 59.65 | 59.53 | 59.45 |
From above prescription test case, we can find out therefrom that example 3,4 meets designing requirement substantially, but above ratio still has the space of optimization.
The embodiment of the invention is according to the technical characterstic of optical cable strengthening core with yarn, and by the selection for the treatment of compound raw material, optimization of formulation adopts suitable glass fibre production technique, produces the direct yarn product of the high-strength alkali-free glass fibre that satisfies this field demand.
Claims (5)
1. optical cable strengthening core high-strength alkali-free glass fibre direct roving sizing agent, it is characterized in that: comprise coupling agent, lubricant, membrane-forming agent A, membrane-forming agent B, membrane-forming agent C, pH value conditioning agent, above material solid quality accounts for 5~10% for the treatment of compound total mass, all the other materials are water, the content of water accounts for 90~95% for the treatment of compound total mass, coupling agent adopts silane coupling agent, account for 3~10% for the treatment of compound solid masses, lubricant adopts water miscible lipid lubricant, account for 1~10% for the treatment of compound solid masses, membrane-forming agent A, membrane-forming agent B, membrane-forming agent C adopts the epoxies emulsion respectively, the polyester emulsion, a kind of in the Vinyl Acetate Copolymer class emulsion, wherein membrane-forming agent C selects the compound of low polymerization degree for use, membrane-forming agent A, the ratio that is combined into of membrane-forming agent B, membrane-forming agent A accounts for 10~75% for the treatment of compound solid masses, membrane-forming agent B accounts for 70~10% for the treatment of compound solid masses, membrane-forming agent C accounts for 1~5% for the treatment of compound solid masses, pH value conditioning agent adopts acid, pH value conditioning agent is used for the dispersion and the hydrolysis of coupling agent, account for 1~5% for the treatment of compound solid masses, the pH value for the treatment of compound is 2~8.
2. optical cable strengthening core high-strength alkali-free glass fibre direct roving sizing agent according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described coupling agent adopts a kind of among A-172, A-174, A-1100, the A-187, accounts for 3~10% for the treatment of compound solid masses.
3. optical cable strengthening core high-strength alkali-free glass fibre direct roving sizing agent according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: a kind of in epoxy/polyester/small molecules epoxy ester, epoxy/Vinyl Acetate Copolymer class emulsion/small molecules epoxy ester, the polyester/Vinyl Acetate Copolymer class emulsion/small molecules epoxy ester adopted in the cooperation of membrane-forming agent A/ membrane-forming agent B/ membrane-forming agent C, the combination of membrane-forming agent A and membrane-forming agent B accounts for 80~85% for the treatment of compound solid masses, and membrane-forming agent C accounts for 1~5% for the treatment of compound solid masses.
4. optical cable strengthening core high-strength alkali-free glass fibre direct roving sizing agent according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described pH value conditioning agent adopts a kind of in citric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, acetate, the boric acid, and the pH value for the treatment of compound is 3~7.
5. optical cable strengthening core high-strength alkali-free glass fibre direct roving sizing agent according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described lubricant adopts unsaturated oil esters of gallic acid lubricant, accounts for 2~5% for the treatment of compound solid masses.
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| CN2008101214661A CN101391866B (en) | 2008-10-06 | 2008-10-06 | High-strength alkali-free glass fibre direct roving sizing agent for optical cable strengthening core |
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| CN2008101214661A CN101391866B (en) | 2008-10-06 | 2008-10-06 | High-strength alkali-free glass fibre direct roving sizing agent for optical cable strengthening core |
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| CN1134130A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1996-10-23 | Ppg工业公司 | Glass fibre size and mat |
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| CN85108789A (en) * | 1985-11-18 | 1986-09-03 | 国家建筑材料工业局上海玻璃钢研究所 | Reinforcement-type glass fiber infiltrant |
| CN1134130A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1996-10-23 | Ppg工业公司 | Glass fibre size and mat |
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| CN101391866A (en) | 2009-03-25 |
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