CN101388164B - Optics variable device and manufacture method of device that exhibit color by rotation - Google Patents
Optics variable device and manufacture method of device that exhibit color by rotation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种通过旋转展示颜色的结构表面,该结构表面具有基底,该基底具有在其上或其中形成的金字塔形结构阵列。所述的结构优选通过用光学可变的变色油墨使用类似凹雕印刷过程来印刷金字塔形成的。可替换地,所述的结构可以通过浮雕一层具有正金字塔的油墨以产生已浮雕的正金字塔阵列来形成。每一个所述结构形成了具有至少三个倾斜面的类金字塔形,以及其中当基底绕着垂直于所述基底的轴旋转至少30度时观察金字塔可以看到一种或多种颜色变化。为了看到颜色变化,所述装置被绕着所述基底的曲线法面旋转,而保持与光源的同一入射角,并保持同一观察角。可以使用各种形式的金字塔,但具有平的表面的金字塔是最适合的。
The invention discloses a structured surface exhibiting color by rotation, the structured surface having a base with an array of pyramidal structures formed thereon or therein. The structures are preferably formed by printing pyramids with an optically variable color shifting ink using a process similar to intaglio printing. Alternatively, the structure may be formed by embossing a layer of ink with positive pyramids to produce an array of embossed positive pyramids. Each of the structures forms a pyramid-like shape having at least three inclined faces, and wherein one or more color changes are visible when the pyramid is viewed when the base is rotated about an axis perpendicular to the base by at least 30 degrees. To see the color change, the device was rotated about the curved surface of the substrate, while maintaining the same angle of incidence to the light source, and maintaining the same angle of observation. Various forms of pyramids can be used, but pyramids with flat surfaces are most suitable.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明通常涉及一种在基底上形成的结构阵列,其中当所述基底被旋转或当观察者绕着所述基底转时,观察结构而感觉到的颜色是变化的。 The present invention generally relates to an array of structures formed on a substrate, wherein the perceived color of the viewing structures changes as the substrate is rotated or as a viewer orbits the substrate. the
背景技术 Background technique
光学可变变色涂层以变色油墨、变色油漆和沉积到基底上的多层涂层的形式为公众所熟知,所述基底具有当入射光角度或观察角度改变时提供可观察到的变色的光学涂层。 Optically variable color-shifting coatings are well known in the form of color-shifting inks, color-shifting paints, and multilayer coatings deposited onto substrates with optical properties that provide observable color changes when the angle of incident light or viewing angle is changed. coating. the
变色颜料和着色剂已经被用在众多的应用领域中,范围从汽车油漆到用于保密文件和货币的防伪油墨。这种颜料和着色剂展示了根据入射光的角度变化或当观察者的观察角度改变时变色的特性。通常,为了看到颜色的变化,观察者要改变基底相对于光源的角度以产生变色效果。 Color shifting pigments and colorants have been used in numerous applications ranging from automotive paints to security inks for secure documents and currency. Such pigments and colorants exhibit the property of changing color according to the angle of incident light or when the viewer's viewing angle changes. Typically, to see a change in color, the viewer changes the angle of the substrate relative to the light source to create a color shifting effect. the
本发明的目的是以新颖的创造性的方式利用已知的变色涂层来制造通过旋转展示不同颜色的物品。 The object of the present invention is to use known color-changing coatings in a new and inventive way to manufacture objects that exhibit different colors by rotation. the
发明总结 Invention Summary
根据本发明的一个方面,光学可变装置包括具有在其上形成的和由其所支撑的结构阵列的基底,该基底用光学可变油墨印刷,其中所述的结构的每一个形成了金字塔形结构并且其中每个金字塔形结构具有至少三个倾斜面,并且当基底绕着垂直于所述基底的轴旋转至少30度时观察金字塔可以看到一种或多种颜色变化。该结构可以通过用光学可变油墨印刷或通过浮雕光学可变油墨层形成。 According to one aspect of the present invention, an optically variable device comprises a substrate having an array of structures formed thereon and supported thereby, the substrate being printed with an optically variable ink, wherein each of said structures forms a pyramid structures and wherein each pyramidal structure has at least three inclined faces and one or more color changes are visible when the pyramid is viewed when the base is rotated about an axis perpendicular to said base by at least 30 degrees. The structure can be formed by printing with an optically variable ink or by embossing an optically variable ink layer. the
根据本发明的优选实施例,所述的结构的所述面实质上是平坦的。 According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said face of said structure is substantially planar. the
根据本发明的一个主要的方面,提供了印刷在基底上的结构阵列,在此处所述的结构具有至少3个竖起的壁,其中每一个壁接触并终止在与它接触相邻的竖起壁的位置,以及其中所述的壁从所述基底形成的底部或所述基底上的底部向内倾斜,其中所述的壁用随着观察角度的变化展示颜色变化的变色涂层涂覆。 According to a general aspect of the present invention, there is provided an array of structures printed on a substrate, wherein said structures have at least 3 upstanding walls, wherein each wall contacts and terminates in the vertical wall adjacent to which it contacts. The location of the raised wall, and wherein said wall slopes inwardly from a bottom formed by or on said substrate, wherein said wall is coated with a color shifting coating that exhibits a color change as a function of viewing angle . the
根据附图,金字塔形结构的阵列被提供到基底上,其中所述的结构用同样的光学可变变色特殊效果涂层涂覆。该涂层可以是变色油墨、油漆或多层变色涂层。虽然在下面的例子中示出了标准的金字塔形结构,也可以使用截头(frusto)-金字塔或阶梯形金字塔或其它类似金字塔的结构以通过旋转实现新的变色。根据本发明的优选实施例,金字 塔形结构实际上并没有用油墨涂覆,而是由油墨通过以后描述的凹雕工艺形成。本发明的这个优选的方面被认为是制造变色金字塔形结构较不昂贵的方式,其中这些变色结构用包含变色粒子或薄片的粘性油墨印刷。 According to the figures, an array of pyramidal structures is provided on a substrate, wherein said structures are coated with the same optically variable color changing special effect coating. The coating can be color shifting ink, paint or multiple layers of color shifting coatings. Although a standard pyramidal structure is shown in the examples below, it is also possible to use a frusto-pyramid or a stepped pyramid or other pyramid-like structures to achieve new color changes by rotation. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pyramid-shaped structure is not coated with ink in fact, but is formed by the intaglio process described later by ink. This preferred aspect of the invention is considered to be a less expensive way of making color changing pyramidal structures printed with viscous inks comprising color changing particles or flakes. the
本发明的一个实施例的令人惊讶的方面是,当相同的均匀厚度的涂层被施加到均匀对称的金字塔形结构的所有面时,相对于观察侧面当迎面观察金字塔的面或外表面时可以看见不同的颜色。例如前面展示了与该金字塔的侧面不同的颜色。当该金字塔绕着垂直于基底的轴旋转时,例如30度,前面和侧面的颜色改变了,并且当进一步旋转时,该侧面看起来呈现了前面的颜色并且反之亦然,使得可以看见不同的颜色。当提供这种结构的阵列时,这个结果是特别令人高兴的,因为这个效果由每个金字塔重复产生,并且视觉倾向于将显示在随后图片中的效果一体化。 A surprising aspect of one embodiment of the present invention is that when the same coating of uniform thickness is applied to all faces of a uniformly symmetrical pyramid-shaped structure, when viewing the face or outer surface of the pyramid head-on with respect to viewing the side Different colors can be seen. For example the front is shown in a different color than the sides of the pyramid. When the pyramid is rotated about an axis perpendicular to the base, say 30 degrees, the color of the front and sides changes, and when further rotated, the sides appear to take on the color of the front and vice versa, making it possible to see different color. This result is particularly pleasing when an array of such structures is provided, since this effect is repeated for each pyramid, and the vision tends to integrate the effect shown in subsequent pictures. the
此外,当通过类似凹雕的工艺用油墨印刷金字塔来形成变色金字塔并且所述的油墨包含相同的薄片成分时,对于下面描述的提供了均匀涂覆的金字塔阵列的例子,相似的变色效果是可以被看到的。 In addition, when the pyramids are printed with an ink to form the color shifting pyramids by an intaglio-like process and the ink contains the same flake composition, a similar color shifting effect is possible for the example described below providing a uniformly coated pyramid array. to be seen. the
根据本发明的一个可替代的方面,已经被涂覆了50-100微米厚度的紫外固化的光学可变印刷油墨或凹雕光学可变印刷油墨用浮雕工具被施以浮雕,所述浮雕工具在其表面具有正金字塔形结构的阵列,在所述的正的浮雕金字塔之间提供了间距,在浮雕以后,所述的正的浮雕金字塔在可固化的光学可变油墨中成为正的已印刷的金字塔。 According to an alternative aspect of the invention, a UV-cured optically variable printing ink or an intaglio optically variable printing ink that has been coated with a thickness of 50-100 micrometers is embossed with a relief tool that is Its surface has an array of positive pyramidal structures providing spacing between said positive relief pyramids which after embossing become positive printed in curable optically variable ink pyramid. the
为了更清楚地理解本发明,在此没有被提及的图1a至图17描述了一些方面。 For a clearer understanding of the invention, some aspects are described in FIGS. 1 a to 17 , which are not mentioned here. the
附图说明 Description of drawings
现在参考附图来描述本发明的举例的实施例,其中: Now describe exemplary embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
图1a是根据本发明的一个方面的金字塔形单元的等轴侧视图。 Figure 1a is an isometric view of a pyramidal unit according to one aspect of the invention. the
图1b是金字塔单元的网格框架模型的正视图和角度视图;具有变色涂层的单元体模型;以及单元体金字塔阵列的表面示图。 Figure 1b is a front and perspective view of a lattice frame model of pyramidal cells; a cell model with a color shifting coating; and a surface view of a pyramidal array of cell cells. the
图2是模型#1的图片,该图片显示了不同观察角度的25幅图像,所述的观察角度的每一个与其前一个相差15度,以及其中当所述模型被旋转时可以看到颜色变化。
Figure 2 is a picture of
图3是显示实例1的模型#2的图片,该图片显示了不同观察角度的25幅图像,所述的观察角度的每一个与其前一个相差15度,以及其中当所述模型被旋转时可以看到颜色变化。
Figure 3 is a picture showing
图4是显示实例2的模型#2的图片,该图片显示了不同观察角度的25幅图像,所述的观察角度的每一个与其前一个相差15度,以及其中当所述模型被旋转时可以看到颜色变化。
Figure 4 is a picture showing
图5是显示实例3的模型#2的图片,该图片显示了不同观察角度的25幅图像,所述的观察角度的每一个与其前一个相差15度,以及其中当所述模型被旋转时可以看到颜色变化。
Figure 5 is a picture showing
图6a是显示模型#2实例4的轴上视图的图片。
Figure 6a is a picture showing an on-axis view of
图6b是显示模型#2实例4的轴外视图的图片。
Figure 6b is a picture showing an off-axis view of
图7是显示实例4的模型#2的图片,该图片显示了不同观察角度的25幅图像,所述的观察角度的每一个与其前一个相差15度,并且其中当所述模型被旋转时可以看到颜色变化。
Fig. 7 is a picture showing
图8a是显示模型#2实例5的轴上视图的图片。
Figure 8a is a picture showing an on-axis view of
图8b是显示模型#2实例5的轴外视图的图片。
Figure 8b is a picture showing an off-axis view of
图9是显示实例5的模型#2的图片,该图片显示了不同观察角度的25幅图像,所述的观察角度的每一个与其前一个相差15度,以及其中当所述模型被旋转时可以看到颜色变化。
Figure 9 is a picture showing
图10是举例说明以三个不同的位置旋转并在三个不同的观察角度的高度/底部比率为0.1的模型#3的图片。
Figure 10 is a picture illustrating
图11是举例说明以三个不同的位置旋转并在三个不同的观察角度的高度/底部比率为0.4的模型#3的图片。
Figure 11 is a picture illustrating
图12是举例说明以三个不同的位置旋转并在三个不同的观察角度的高度/底部比率为0.631的模型#3的图片。
Figure 12 is a picture illustrating
图13是举例说明以三个不同的位置旋转并在三个不同的观察角度的高度/底部比率为0.8的模型#3的图片。
Figure 13 is a picture illustrating
图14是举例说明以三个不同的位置旋转并在三个不同的观察角度的高度/底部比率为1.0的模型#3的图片。
Figure 14 is a picture illustrating
图15是显示三个侧面的金字塔阵列的平面图的图片,其中相邻的金字塔之间存在平的网格。 Figure 15 is a picture showing a plan view of a three sided pyramid array with a flat grid between adjacent pyramids. the
图16是与图15相似的图片,其中所示的金字塔是直立的,用不同颜色的金字塔代表倒转的金字塔。 Figure 16 is a picture similar to Figure 15, in which the pyramids are shown upright, with pyramids of different colors representing inverted pyramids. the
图17是举例说明具有字母“A”的模型的图片,该字母“A”通过在该区域内没有金字塔而被限定在网格内。 Figure 17 is a picture illustrating a model with the letter "A" confined within a grid by having no pyramids within the area. the
图18是具有金字塔形凹陷的凹版印刷机的图片,该凹版印刷机用于印刷变色油墨形成的金字塔形结构。 Figure 18 is a picture of an intaglio printing press with pyramidal depressions used to print pyramidal structures formed by color shifting inks. the
图19是印刷板的横截面图,并且所示的着有油墨的网部分地离开所述的板。 Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of a printing plate and the inked web is shown partially away from the plate. the
具体实施例 specific embodiment
现在参考图1a,具有编号1到4的4个直立的倾斜面的金字塔形单元体被显示在了一个支撑所述单元体的底部上。所述的单元体可以是中空的或可以是实心的。这个单元体是根据本发明描述的基本的结构。但是这个单元体的变体也可以被描述并包含本发明的实施例。 Referring now to FIG. 1a, a pyramidal unit with 4 upright inclined faces numbered 1 to 4 is shown on a base supporting said unit. The unit body may be hollow or may be solid. This unit cell is the basic structure described according to the invention. However, variations of this unit may also be described and encompass embodiments of the invention. the
通过旋转展示颜色的结构表面的模型 A model of a structured surface exhibiting color by rotation
模仿一个具有光学可变的变色类型涂层设计的结构表面的可视模型并使用三维绘制(3-Drendering)软件包进行模拟,该软件包具有使用光学涂层设计软件程序的常规的照明模型。所使用的该照明模型假定完全扩散的照明条件,因此仅仅在法线面(facet normals)和照相机位置之间的角度需要被认为是由该模型的观察者观察到的接近的颜色。 A visual model of a structured surface with an optically variable color shifting type coating design was simulated and simulated using a 3-Drendering software package with conventional illumination models using an optical coating design software program. The lighting model used assumes fully diffuse lighting conditions, so only angles between facet normals and camera positions need to be considered to be close to the color observed by the model's viewer. the
前述的模型被用于研究通过旋转效应展示某种颜色的结构表面的关键设计参数。 The aforementioned model was used to study the key design parameters of structured surfaces exhibiting a certain color through the rotation effect. the
该模型本质地集中在由简单的金字塔形结构组成的微小的复制的表面。尽管,更复杂的几何构造是可能的并且也可以通过旋转效应展示颜色。该模型被用于识别从基底和涂层设计角度来讲重要的关键的设计参数。 The model essentially focuses on tiny replicated surfaces composed of simple pyramid-shaped structures. However, more complex geometric configurations are possible and colors can also be exhibited through rotation effects. The model was used to identify critical design parameters important from a substrate and coating design perspective. the
涂层设计 coating design
用于模拟该结构的性能的涂层设计是包括反射体、电介质和吸收体的光学堆叠以模仿所述结构上的光学可变的变色涂层的性能。 The coating design used to simulate the performance of this structure was an optical stack comprising reflectors, dielectrics and absorbers to mimic the performance of an optically variable color changing coating on the structure. the
所考虑到的光学设计如下: The optical design considered is as follows:
(1)铝(100mm)/氟化镁(厚度可变)/铬(6nm) (1) Aluminum (100mm)/MgF2 (variable thickness)/Chromium (6nm)
(2)铝(100nm)/硫化锌(厚度可变)/铬(6nm) (2) Aluminum (100nm)/ZnS (variable thickness)/Chromium (6nm)
单元体 Unit
如图1a所示,使用简单的具有正方形底部的四面金字塔形结构来完成建模,该正方形底部在每一个边上的测量值是一个单位。该金字塔形结构的顶点在底部中心的正上方,其所具有的高出所述底部的高度作为设计变量。 Modeling is accomplished using a simple four-sided pyramidal structure with a square base that measures one unit on each side, as shown in Figure 1a. The apex of the pyramidal structure is directly above the center of the base, and its height above the base is used as a design variable. the
如图1a所示的基本单元体具有在该金字塔形结构的相对侧的编号为(1)和(2)的面。所述面(1)和(2)被定义为机器方向。因此,所述机器方向是指网格移动的方向。在大多数现存的模型中,这些面将通常被假定具有比处于非机器方向的面(3)和(4)更厚的涂层厚度。 The basic unit body as shown in Figure 1a has faces numbered (1) and (2) on opposite sides of the pyramidal structure. The planes (1) and (2) are defined as the machine direction. Thus, the machine direction refers to the direction in which the mesh moves. In most existing models, these faces will generally be assumed to have a thicker coating thickness than faces (3) and (4) in the non-machine direction. the
在每个金字塔面上的相关的涂层厚度是来源(source)和涂层几何构型的复杂函数。但是,将会考虑最佳的相关涂层厚度以实现所需的产品形态中的整体视觉外观。 The relative coating thickness on each pyramidal face is a complex function of source and coating geometry. However, the optimum relative coating thickness will be considered to achieve the desired overall visual appearance in the product form. the
模型#1介绍了通过旋转效应展示颜色的模型,其中金字塔的面或外表面在每个面上具有厚度相同的电介质层。因此如果每个面在相同的角度被观察时,在每个面上的涂层的颜色是相同的。当该结构的每个面上的电介质涂层的厚度没有差异时,在金字塔形结构上可以观察到通过旋转效应的颜色。
在这个例子中,氟化镁(MgF2)层被用作具有360纳米涂层厚度的电介质间隔层,其相当于绿/蓝光学可变颜料(OVP)涂层设计。 In this example, a layer of magnesium fluoride (MgF2) was used as a dielectric spacer layer with a coating thickness of 360 nm, which is equivalent to a green/blue optically variable pigment (OVP) coating design. the
当在法线观察位置观察任何面时,可以看到OVP面的颜色,同时从非法线位置观察时,可看见角度颜色。在这种情况下,金字塔的每一个面与基底所成的角度相等,以及所有的面具有相等的电介质涂层厚度。模型#1显示对于通过旋转效应达到某个颜色而言,在该金字塔形结构的面之间的电介质厚度的差异是不必要的。简而言之,所有的面都可以用相同厚度的涂层涂覆以通过旋转达到所需的颜色效果。
When viewing any face from a normal viewing position, you can see the color of the OVP face, while viewing it from a non-normal position, you can see the angle color. In this case, each face of the pyramid forms an equal angle with the base, and all faces have equal dielectric coating thickness.
图1b显示了在网格框架模型中所用的金字塔形单元的“正视图”(“Face View”)和“角度视图”。在同一图中的是带有变色涂层的“单元体模型”的视图,其中正视图显示了面的颜色,绿色,并且角度视图显示了来自于同一涂层单元的亮蓝色。图1b的最后一行单元格显示了“单元体金字塔阵列的表面视图”。这个对应于正视图的金字塔阵列显示了绿色的金字塔而角度视图中所示的阵列显示了亮蓝色的金字塔。 Figure 1b shows the “Face View” and “Angle View” of the pyramidal elements used in the lattice frame model. In the same figure is a view of a "unit cell model" with a color shifting coating, where the front view shows the color of the face, green, and the angle view shows the bright blue from the same coated unit. The last row of cells in Figure 1b shows the "surface view of the cell pyramid array". This array of pyramids corresponding to the frontal view shows the green pyramids while the array shown in the angled view shows the bright blue pyramids. the
图2示出了从0度的最初的正视图开始,以15度的增量旋转通过不同的角度直到旋转360度的起自0度(即正视图)的模型#1的不同角度的颜色变化。
Figure 2 shows the color change for different angles of
相反,模型#2表现了通过旋转在相邻的面上厚度不等的涂层的颜色。在这个举例的实施例中,在不同的相邻的面上提供了不同的电介质厚度。因此,面或外表面(1)和(2)用厚度相同的涂层涂覆,而面(3)和(4)用不同的厚度相同的涂层材料涂覆。虽然模型#2是代表实际涂层的模拟,具有这些设计参数的这样的涂层可以用合适的源和掩模几何构型(proper source and masking geometry)在真空滚筒涂层机中涂覆。在这个实施例中,机器方向面(1,2)具有相等的电介质厚度,而非机器方向面(3,4)由于在机器中倾斜的涂层角度具有较少的电介质。
In contrast,
在这个实施例中,由于相邻的金字塔面具有明显不同的电介质厚度,每旋转90度就能观察到最大的颜色变化,而不是每旋转45度像所有电介质的厚度都相等的模型#1的情况。提供了模型#2的实例1和实例2作为例子的两个不同情况,其中在每一个中应用了不同的涂层。在模型#2实例1中,提供的比率是指沉积到每个面上的涂层与氟化镁(MgF2)额定设计厚度相比较的相对量。例如,对于模型#2实例1的情况,基本的设计是Al/MgF2(360纳米)/Cr(6纳米)。因此在这种情况下,面1和面2的比率是1,使用下面的涂层设计:Al/MgF2(360纳米)/Cr(6纳米)。对于比率是0.8的面3和面4的情况,使用下面的涂层设计:Al/MgF2(288纳米)/Cr(6纳米)。这个比率与氟化镁(MgF2)电介质间隔层的不同的厚度有关。
In this example, since adjacent pyramid faces have significantly different dielectric thicknesses, the greatest color change is observed every 90 degrees of rotation, rather than every 45 degrees of rotation like
表2A Table 2A
模型#2的第一实例使用0.8的比率用于非机器方向的面。实例2显示了使用0.9的乘数用于非机器方向的面的类似的结构。
The first instance of
表2B Table 2B
将非机器方向的面的比率降低到0.7导致在90度和270度的角度变成淡红的品红的颜色而不是蓝色。 Lowering the ratio of the non-machine orientation faces to 0.7 results in a reddish magenta color instead of blue at 90 and 270 degree angles. the
表2C Table 2C
模型#2的观察报告
Observation Report for
当将所述基底旋转到这些表面占据绝对的视野的位置时,修改轴外的面(3)和面(4)的电介质厚度会对所观察到的颜色有巨大的影响。当对着面(1)和面(2)观察时,由于这些面是倾斜的,存在较小的横截面,并且由于较高角度的观察光学涂层设计而损失了染色性,(90°和270°的旋转角度)修改轴外的面(3)和面(4)的电介质厚度会对颜色有较小的影响。 Modifying the dielectric thickness of the off-axis facets (3) and (4) can have a dramatic effect on the observed color when the substrate is rotated to a position where these surfaces occupy the absolute field of view. When viewed against face (1) and face (2), since these faces are oblique, there is a smaller cross-section, and loss of dyeability due to higher angle viewing optical coating design, (90° and 270° rotation angle) modifying the dielectric thickness of the off-axis faces (3) and (4) will have a minor effect on the color. the
当由于电介质厚度改变,所述的厚度比率变化时,面(3)和面(4)上的轴外颜色变化剧烈。 The off-axis color changes dramatically on faces (3) and (4) when said thickness ratio changes due to changes in dielectric thickness. the
在相同的视野中观察的轴上和轴外的面的另外的重要结果是当观察轴上的面时,轴外的面对所观察到的颜色做出了重要的贡献。有一些电介质厚度和具有更吸引人的外观的轴外面的比率的组合,因为下面的一个或两个条件可能出现: An additional important consequence of viewing the on-axis and off-axis faces in the same field of view is that the off-axis faces make a significant contribution to the observed color when viewing the on-axis faces. There are some combinations of dielectric thickness and ratios outside the axis that have a more attractive appearance because one or both of the following conditions may arise:
(1)当在轴上观察时,从轴外的面观察到的变色与轴内面的表面颜色很相配,其中所述的颜色具有相似的色彩角; (1) When viewed on-axis, the discoloration observed from the face outside the shaft matches well with the surface color of the inside face of the shaft, wherein said colors have a similar hue angle;
(2)当在轴外观察时,从轴上的面观察到的变色与轴外面的表面颜色很相配。 (2) When viewed off-axis, the discoloration observed from the face on the shaft matches well with the surface color outside the shaft.
下面的例子说明了上述的条件; The following example illustrates the above conditions;
在模型2实例4中,使用同样具有基本氟化镁(MgF2)厚度为480纳米的单元体,其与品红到绿色的OVP设计相对应。如在实例1中,0.80的比率被用于轴外表面上的涂层厚度。在这个特例中,条件1和2都符合。这个被显示在图6a和图6b中。
In
表2D Table 2D
在这个例子中,轴上的视图显示了与来自轴外的面的蓝色变色协调的品红色设计。在轴外视图中,绿色面的颜色与来自品红色面的绿色变色相协调。 In this example, the on-axis view shows a magenta design coordinated with the blue color shift from the face off-axis. In the off-axis view, the color of the green face is coordinated with the green discoloration from the magenta face. the
总而言之,模型2实例4通过旋转效应显示了非常强烈的色彩,由于在轴上和轴外的两个观察导致了在两个观察轴上彼此增强的协调色彩。
Altogether,
满足这些需要所需的关键参数是电介质折射率、电介质厚度、轴上到轴外的电介质厚度和单元体设计。优选具有低折射率(也就是低于大约1.6)的电介质,诸如MgF2,因为它们显示了较强烈的颜色变化,需要该颜色变化以实现在轴上和轴外方向获得具有相似色彩角的协调色彩。也可使用高折射率的材料以通过旋转实现具有功能的但结果不是很生动的颜色。 The key parameters required to meet these needs are dielectric index of refraction, dielectric thickness, on-axis to off-axis dielectric thickness, and cell design. Dielectrics with a low index of refraction (i.e., below about 1.6), such as MgF2, are preferred because they exhibit a stronger color change that is needed to achieve a coordinated color with similar color angles in both on-axis and off-axis directions . Materials with a high refractive index can also be used to achieve functional but less vivid colors by rotation. the
图8a、8b和图9中所示的模型2实例5显示了另一种情况的例子,在此并没有实现协调色彩,即是此处在轴上方向相似色调的颜色并没有出现在观察者面前,并且所观察到的颜色也不是十分生动。在此情况下,在轴外方向仍然存在协调色彩造成在轴外观察到加强的金色。
Figures 8a, 8b and
表2E Table 2E
模型#3:金字塔高度和观察角度的优化 Model #3: Optimization of Pyramid Height and Viewing Angle
图10、11、12、13和14所示的这个模型研究了金字塔的高度和观察角度对产品外观的潜在影响。必须被确定的参数之一是表面结构的目标高度。在这个模型中,模拟了四个金字塔高度和三个观察角度以研究对整个产品外观的影响。 This model, shown in Figures 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, investigates the potential effect of pyramid height and viewing angle on product appearance. One of the parameters that must be determined is the target height of the surface structure. In this model, four pyramid heights and three viewing angles were simulated to study the effect on the overall product appearance. the
表3 table 3
观察角度的结论 Conclusions from viewing angles
在本发明的优选实施例中,大部分理想的单元体高度与底部的比率(height to base ratio)已经被证明是具有0.636的高度与底部比的“黄金金字塔”比率。在我们的模拟中使用的比率中,这个比率显示了基底观察角度的典型范围内的最小量的外观色调变化,所述基底观察角度在所述基底平面上面的范围从25度到65度。发现0.8的高度与底部的比率也是可接受的。 In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the most desirable cell height to base ratio has been shown to be the "golden pyramid" ratio with a height to base ratio of 0.636. Of the ratios used in our simulations, this ratio exhibited a minimal amount of apparent tint change over a typical range of substrate viewing angles ranging from 25 degrees to 65 degrees above the substrate plane. A height to base ratio of 0.8 was also found to be acceptable. the
诸如具有0.4的情况的较低的高度与底部的比率导致作为从基底平面观察的视角的函数的大的色调变化。在这个实施例中轴外观察作为观察角度的极度的变黄被增强。诸如1.0的较大的高度与底部的比率也开始显示了作为从基底平面观察的视角的函数的显著的色调变化。 A lower height to base ratio such as the case with 0.4 results in a large change in hue as a function of viewing angle viewed from the plane of the substrate. In this embodiment the extreme yellowing is enhanced for off-axis viewing as viewing angle. Larger height to base ratios such as 1.0 also begin to show significant hue changes as a function of viewing angle as viewed from the base plane. the
通过进行模拟,我们已经发现最佳的高度与底部的比率看起来在0.6到0.8的范围内。在这种情况下,假设轴外的面总是接受轴内的面所接受的涂层的80%。这可能是不可行的,因为由于涂层几何构型的制约,高度与底部的比率变小了。但是,可以清楚的是,有一个最佳的单元体的高度与底部的比率,当从基底平面观察的视角变化时其产生了最小量的视觉变化。 By performing simulations, we have found that the optimal height to base ratio appears to be in the range of 0.6 to 0.8. In this case it is assumed that the off-axis faces always receive 80% of the coating received by the in-axis faces. This may not be feasible due to the reduced height-to-bottom ratio due to coating geometry constraints. However, it is clear that there is an optimum cell height to base ratio that produces the least amount of visual change when viewing angles from the base plane vary. the
作为该模型的结果,我们得出这样的结论: As a result of this model, we conclude that:
1)为了通过旋转效应在金字塔型结构上实现某种颜色,面上的氟化镁(MgF2)厚度的差异并不是必需的。即使使用相同的涂层厚度也会看到经旋转的颜色。在这种情 况下,最大的颜色变化将会出现在45度轴。 1) In order to achieve a certain color on the pyramidal structure through the rotation effect, the difference in the thickness of magnesium fluoride (MgF2) on the face is not necessary. Swirled colors are seen even with the same coating thickness. In this case, the greatest color change will occur on the 45 degree axis.
2)对于不相等的面上氟化镁(MgF2)的厚度,可以观察到较强的颜色改变,其具有在90度的旋转轴上最大的颜色变化。 2) Stronger color changes can be observed for thicknesses of magnesium fluoride (MgF2) on unequal faces, with the largest color change on the axis of rotation at 90 degrees.
3)在通过具有相似的色彩角使面的颜色彼此增强的位置将会观察到通过旋转效应的较强的色彩。 3) Where the colors of the faces enhance each other by having similar hue angles, stronger colors through the rotation effect will be observed.
4)当在不同的倾斜角度观察所述基底时,模型3提供了与最佳的高度与底部的比率有关的信息以提供最佳的颜色变化。
4)
该金字塔形的阵列可通过浮雕柔韧性的或刚性的可变形的来自于合适的主板(master)的基底来形成。该主板可通过金刚石切割法或其它适当的诸如电子束光刻、离子刻蚀或其它微复制技术的微机械技术制得。我们相信这些技术可以被用来制造主板,该主板可以被用在压花工艺中。在一个实施例中,使用具有用在印刷业中的锯齿状的金字塔和其它形状的网纹棍作为模板用于通过具有释放层的化学镀镍的方法来制造正镍主板(positive nickel master),接着从镍主板长成镍子体图像,其反过来被用于在网纹上浮雕紫外固化漆以形成正金字塔形状。关于网纹辊的信息通常在下面的网址被找到: The pyramidal array can be formed by embossing a flexible or rigid deformable substrate from a suitable master. The motherboard can be fabricated by diamond cutting or other suitable micromechanical techniques such as electron beam lithography, ion etching or other microreplication techniques. We believe that these techniques can be used to make master plates that can be used in the embossing process. In one embodiment, anilox rods with saw-toothed pyramids and other shapes used in the printing industry are used as templates for the manufacture of positive nickel masters by electroless nickel plating with a release layer, A nickel daughter image is then grown from the nickel master, which in turn is used to emboss the UV-cured lacquer on the screen to form a positive pyramid shape. Information about anilox rollers is usually found at the following URL:
http://www.harperimage.com/anilox-specify.asp andhttp://www.harperimage.com/anilox-specify.asp and
http://www.appliedlaser.co.uk/anilox.htm。 http://www.appliedlaser.co.uk/anilox.htm.
在以前描述的所有实施例中,优选的金字塔的尺寸是低于大约100微米的眼睛的分辨率。因此金字塔的高度优选低于100微米。从安全的角度而言这是重要的,因为关于为什么会发生颜色的变化对观察者而言将不会是显而易见的。 In all of the previously described embodiments, the preferred pyramid size is below the eye resolution of about 100 microns. The height of the pyramids is therefore preferably below 100 microns. This is important from a safety point of view as it will not be obvious to the observer as to why the color change occurred. the
除了提供有视觉吸引力的安全涂层,本发明的实施例通过以线性次序改变金字塔高度来使用线性编码的形式,用于根据所使用的调制角度以产生一个显性的或隐蔽的可读的“条形码”效应。显性图像、符号、词语通过单元体几何构型的变化可以被写入图案。单元的高度、方向、单元大小、面的角度的改造都可以被用于编码信息。图17示出了字母“A”形式的标记,该标记通过暴露这个区域内的基底提供。 In addition to providing a visually appealing security coating, embodiments of the present invention employ a form of linear encoding by varying the pyramid heights in a linear sequence to produce an overtly or covertly readable The "barcode" effect. Dominant images, symbols, and words can be written into the pattern through the change of the geometric configuration of the unit body. Modifications of cell heights, orientations, cell sizes, and face angles can all be used to encode information. Figure 17 shows indicia in the form of the letter "A" provided by exposing the substrate in this area. the
在未在附图中示出的本发明的实施例中,可见的标志通过在与其它金字塔成45度的角度定向用于形成标志的金字塔的特定区域来形成,所述的其它金字塔作为安全装置内的对照背景,并且用同样的变色涂层来涂敷所有的金字塔。如此,形成标志的金字塔呈现了与背景金字塔的颜色相区别的第一颜色。当旋转该装置时,颜色发生改变,并且在特定的角度,两个区域的颜色出现交换。 In an embodiment of the invention not shown in the drawings, the visible sign is formed by orienting a specific area of the pyramid used to form the sign at an angle of 45 degrees to the other pyramids that act as a security device inside the control background, and paint all the pyramids with the same color shifting coating. In this way, the pyramids forming the logo assume a first color that differs from the color of the background pyramids. When the device is rotated, the colors change and, at certain angles, the colors of the two areas swap. the
可以设想各种其它的实施例,其中标志或文本形式的标记可以被编码到金字塔阵列内或金字塔之间。金字塔区域同其他区域相比可以具有不同的几何构型,因此提供了视觉区别以限定标志和文本。在一个特定的实施例中,在网上的大部分区域的安全线(security thread)具有相同的金字塔几何构型但在特定区域的一些金字塔具有不同的齿面角。这将会使得当所述装置被旋转时会出现图像。可替代地,可以在某个区域内提供一些具有平顶的截头金字塔(frusto-pyramids),从而限定了与其他常规形状金字塔相区别的标志或标记。本质上说,所有这些实施例中所需要的是在较大的金字塔区域范围内的一个区域,该较大的金字塔区域以这种方式视觉上可区别以限定标记。 Various other embodiments are conceivable where indicia in the form of logos or text may be encoded within the array of pyramids or between the pyramids. The pyramidal area can have a different geometry than the other areas, thus providing visual distinction to define logos and text. In a particular embodiment, the security threads in most areas of the web have the same pyramid geometry but some pyramids in certain areas have different flank angles. This will cause images to appear when the device is rotated. Alternatively, a number of frusto-pyramids with flat tops may be provided in a certain area, thereby defining a logo or marking as distinguished from other conventionally shaped pyramids. Essentially, all that is required in all of these embodiments is an area within the larger pyramidal area that is visually distinguishable in such a way as to define the marker. the
迄今为止,已经描述了具有扁平表面的金字塔,但是具有一个或多个具有在其中形成的衍射凹槽的面的金字塔,也将提供所描述的变色的附加效果。例如,可以提供具有从底部向顶点延伸的表面凹槽的金字塔,并且也可以提供阶梯形的金字塔。该阶梯形的金字塔可以具有小的衍射宽度的台阶,也可以具有较大的台阶。当所述的面以旋转的方式移动时,特别是在该面上具有反射涂层,这些金字塔将会提供引人注目的颜色/消光效果。 Pyramids having flat surfaces have been described so far, but pyramids having one or more faces with diffractive grooves formed therein would also provide the described additional effect of changing color. For example, pyramids may be provided with surface grooves extending from the base to the apex, and stepped pyramids may also be provided. The stepped pyramid may have steps with a small diffraction width, or may have larger steps. These pyramids will provide a dramatic color/matt effect as the face moves in a rotational fashion, especially with a reflective coating on the face. the
这种金字塔即使用例如铝的反射镜膜也可以提供有趣的效果。提供用铝处理的分散在光学可变涂层金字塔内的特意选定的图案的金字塔,以形成与变色涂覆的金字塔相区别的标志或标记。 Such pyramids can provide interesting effects even with mirror coatings such as aluminum. A specially selected pattern of pyramids treated with aluminum dispersed within the pyramids of the optically variable coating is provided to form a logo or indicia that is distinguishable from the color changing coated pyramids. the
可以提供各种堆积结构的金字塔。例如图15显示了一个实施例,其中基底的平坦的空间被显示在直立的金字塔之间,而在图16中,并列显示了直立的和倒转的金字塔。 Pyramids are available in various stacked configurations. For example Figure 15 shows an embodiment where the flat space of the base is shown between the upright pyramids, while in Figure 16 the upright and inverted pyramids are shown side by side. the
也可以提供相对于图中所示的机器方向是倾斜的金字塔。 It is also possible to provide pyramids which are inclined relative to the machine direction shown in the figures. the
本发明的优选实施例涉及用变色油墨印刷的金字塔。凹雕(intaglio)印刷是一种熟知的印刷方法,凹雕印刷使用具有凹陷的印刷板,相对于非印刷图像区域所述凹陷被形成在印刷图像区域。当整个的凹雕印刷板被充满了高粘性的油墨后,擦去非印刷图像区域上的油墨,使油墨仅留在印刷图像区域。此后例如纸片的网或基底在重压下被直接压到印刷板上以将保留在印刷图像区域的油墨转移到纸上。刻线凹雕印刷通常被用于印刷保密文件,例如支票,并且使用在其中具有凹槽的印刷滚筒,所述凹雕印刷油墨已经被沉积到凹槽中。在这种印刷中使用的所述高粘性的浆糊状的凹雕油墨本质上与使用在例如凹版印刷、胶版印刷和喷墨印刷的其它的印刷形式中的油墨有很大的不同。对于其它安全文件和货币的光学可变印刷物通常被印刷在单张凹雕印刷上。该印刷过程涉及在 从印刷板转移油墨中对纸的巨大的压力(吨/平方英寸)、高的印刷速度(200-500英尺/分)、油墨的超粘性特性和表面烘干的快动力学过程。 A preferred embodiment of the invention involves pyramids printed with color shifting inks. Intaglio printing is a well-known printing method that uses a printing plate with depressions formed in the printed image area relative to the non-printed image area. After the entire intaglio printing plate is filled with highly viscous ink, the ink is wiped off the non-printed image areas, leaving ink only on the printed image areas. Thereafter the web or substrate, eg a sheet of paper, is pressed directly onto the printing plate under heavy pressure to transfer the ink remaining in the printed image areas to the paper. Line intaglio printing is commonly used for printing security documents, such as checks, and uses a printing cylinder having grooves in it into which the intaglio printing ink has been deposited. The highly viscous, paste-like intaglio inks used in such printing are substantially different from inks used in other forms of printing such as gravure, offset and inkjet printing. Optically variable printing for other security documents and currency is usually printed on a single sheet of intaglio printing. The printing process involves enormous pressure on the paper (tons per square inch) in transferring the ink from the printing plate, high printing speeds (200-500 ft/min), the ultra-viscous properties of the ink and the fast kinetics of surface drying process. the
现在参考图18,示出了用于印刷金字塔形结构的刻花印刷板180。该板180是具有所示的雕成金字塔形缺口182的凹雕型板,用于在形成变色金字塔形结构的阵列中使用。印刷中使用的油墨包含光学可变颜料,并且优选的是变色颜料。
Referring now to FIG. 18, an engraved
变色油墨形成的印刷的阵列产生了通过旋转提供颜色的图像。这是一个可替换的实施例,对于那些前面所描述的通过在PET基底上沉积有机层、并随后将所有具有相同齿面角的金字塔浮雕到其中,接着在这些金字塔上真空沉积有机气相沉积(OVD)薄膜干涉设计可以获得的经旋转的颜色而言,在该实施例中通过旋转获得颜色。 A printed array of color shifting inks creates an image that provides color by rotation. This is an alternative embodiment to those previously described by depositing an organic layer on a PET substrate and then embossing into it all pyramids with the same flank angle, followed by vacuum deposition of organic vapor deposition ( In terms of rotated colors that can be obtained by OVD) thin film interference designs, in this embodiment the colors are obtained by rotation. the
尽管,用变色油墨印刷金字塔形结构被认为是更简单并更经济有效的实现方式,并且其可通过旋转效应在当前的凹雕印刷上仅通过用金字塔阵列制作凹版印板来获得这些颜色。上面所示的图像适用于显示通过用变色颜料印刷金字塔形结构获得的需要的图案和变色效果。 Although, printing pyramidal structures with color shifting inks is considered simpler and more cost-effective to achieve, and it is possible to obtain these colors on current intaglio printing only by making intaglio plates with arrays of pyramids by rotation effect. The images shown above are adapted to show the desired pattern and color shifting effect obtained by printing the pyramidal structures with color shifting pigments. the
优选地,根据本发明的所述已印刷的有相应基底尺寸的金字塔具有20-100微米高的尺寸或不同的尺寸使得高度与基底的比率在1∶5到5∶1之间,优选在1∶2到2∶1之间,并且更优选在0.5∶1到1∶0.5之间,使得在单元较小尺寸中,所述高度可以从0.5变化到1.0,而所述基底可以从1.0变化到0.5,人们将通过旋转获得颜色。 Preferably, said printed pyramids according to the invention with corresponding base dimensions have dimensions of 20-100 microns high or different dimensions such that the ratio of height to base is between 1:5 and 5:1, preferably between 1 :2 to 2:1, and more preferably between 0.5:1 to 1:0.5, so that in smaller cell sizes, the height can vary from 0.5 to 1.0 and the base can vary from 1.0 to 0.5, one will get the color by rotation. the
调整颜料尺寸以适应金字塔的尺寸,使得较小的光学可变颜料或其它颜料可以5微米的量级用到20微米的金字塔,并且例如10或20微米大小的颜料适用于100微米的金字塔。 Pigment sizes are adjusted to fit the size of the pyramids so that smaller optically variable pigments or other pigments can be used on the order of 5 microns for 20 micron pyramids, and for example 10 or 20 micron sized pigments are suitable for 100 micron pyramids. the
在由凹雕印刷施加的压力中,流入到金字塔形腔体中的粘性组合物将倾向于根据所述金字塔的表面平面定向所述的粒子平面。一些粒子可能会被断裂成较小的片使得这些小片仍然平行于所述金字塔的表面的所述平面。即使所述小片没有平行于所述金字塔的表面,当其它颜色本身将存在时,也将会出现经旋转的颜色。 Under pressure exerted by intaglio printing, the viscous composition flowing into the pyramid-shaped cavity will tend to orient the particle plane according to the surface plane of the pyramid. Some particles may be broken into smaller pieces so that these pieces remain parallel to the plane of the pyramid's face. Even if the platelets are not parallel to the face of the pyramid, rotated colors will appear when other colors themselves would be present. the
在一个实施例中,具有三个不同倾斜表面的三面金字塔用变色油墨印刷,当人转动已印刷的图像是能获得三种不同的颜色。获得三种或更多不同的颜色是高度期望的。 In one embodiment, a three-sided pyramid with three different sloping surfaces is printed with color shifting inks, and three different colors can be obtained when a person rotates the printed image. Obtaining three or more different colors is highly desirable. the
所述颜料可以包含替代光学可变颜料(OVP)的其他它颜料,例如具有一些色彩位差角的干涉云母、变色液晶颜料或甚至是磁性变色OVP,并且除了变色颜料外也可以具有包括干涉和非干涉颜料的不变色颜料。 The pigments may contain other pigments instead of optically variable pigments (OVPs), such as interference mica with some color shift angle, color changing liquid crystal pigments or even magnetic color changing OVP, and in addition to color changing pigments may also have other pigments including interference and Color-changing pigments for non-interference pigments. the
图19是显示了具有交错的金字塔192形式的锯齿的印刷板190的图示以及用金字塔196印刷的随附的基底194,其中所示出的所述基底194正被从所述的板190移除。
19 is a diagram showing a
在所述载体内,薄片的浓度范围是总的油墨重量的5-50%,对于凹雕纸擦墨(Intaglio paper wipe ink),优选20-40%,并且更优选是30%,对于紫外丝网油墨优选是20-40%并且更优选是20%,并且对于紫外苯胺油墨优选是20-40%并且更优选是25%。这个浓度和成分在被转让给SICPA Holding的WO2007/131833中示出,并通过参考被全部结合。 Within the carrier, the flake concentration ranges from 5-50% of the total ink weight, for Intaglio paper wipe ink, preferably 20-40%, and more preferably 30%, for UV silk Screen inks are preferably 20-40% and more preferably 20%, and for UV aniline inks are preferably 20-40% and more preferably 25%. This concentration and composition is shown in WO2007/131833 assigned to SICPA Holding and fully incorporated by reference.
在本发明的一个可替换的实施例中,与先前描述的凹雕型印刷不同,已经被涂覆了50-100微米厚度的紫外固化油墨或凹板墨用浮雕工具被浮雕,该浮雕工具在其表面上具有正金字塔结构阵列。在浮雕后,所述的正的浮雕的金字塔之间的空间在固化油墨中成为正的印刷好的金字塔。特别是,用具有高度在5到45微米之间的金字塔浮雕可以出现在潮湿的高粘度薄膜上,如在凹板墨(紫外固化的)中发现的,其潮湿的薄膜的厚度是50微米。 In an alternative embodiment of the invention, unlike previously described intaglio-type printing, UV-curable inks or intaglio inks that have been coated with a thickness of 50-100 microns are embossed with a relief tool that is It has an array of positive pyramid structures on its surface. After embossing, the spaces between said positive relief pyramids become positive printed pyramids in the cured ink. In particular, relief with pyramids having a height between 5 and 45 micrometers can appear on wet high-viscosity films, as found in intaglio inks (UV-cured), whose wet film thickness is 50 micrometers. the
已经描述了本发明的很多实施例,并且所有这些实施例具有相似的变色效果;通过旋转变色,其中当所述基底绕着垂直于所述基底的轴旋转时,所述金字塔阵列的可见颜色发生了改变。这个特征可以被用作文件或要被保护的物品上的安全特征,或可以被用作物品上的装饰特征。 A number of embodiments of the invention have been described, and all of these embodiments have a similar color changing effect; by rotational color changing, wherein the visible color of the pyramid array occurs when the base is rotated around an axis perpendicular to the base changed. This feature may be used as a security feature on documents or items to be protected, or may be used as a decorative feature on items. the
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