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CN101300177A - 具有由聚合物薄膜制成的内包装的香烟包装 - Google Patents

具有由聚合物薄膜制成的内包装的香烟包装 Download PDF

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CN101300177A
CN101300177A CNA2006800405995A CN200680040599A CN101300177A CN 101300177 A CN101300177 A CN 101300177A CN A2006800405995 A CNA2006800405995 A CN A2006800405995A CN 200680040599 A CN200680040599 A CN 200680040599A CN 101300177 A CN101300177 A CN 101300177A
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CN101300177B (zh
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D·布施
B·德拉贡
B·施密茨
Y·迪普勒
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Treofan Germany GmbH and Co KG
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Abstract

本发明涉及单层或多层的、双轴取向的薄膜，其含有70－100重量％的由至少一种类型的脂族羟基羧酸构成的聚合物，并且其以香烟包装的内衬的形式使用。

Description

具有由聚合物薄膜制成的内包装的香烟包装
本发明涉及包含至少一个外包装和香烟内包装的香烟包装。本发明还涉及内衬。
香烟包装传统上以包装的内容物，即香烟的集合被内包装包围的方式构建。在现有技术中，这种内包装由铝箔的切片、铝-纸层压物或金属化的纸张构成。这种内包装经常被压印或饰以浮雕花纹。早期的切片目前通常被纸制的内包装替代。内包装经常在外侧被压印或金属化，如果必要还同时饰以浮雕花纹。
在制造包装时，香烟被包在这种内包装(即所谓的内衬)中，并且所述包好的香烟的集合被包装机用外包装如翻盖包装或纸标签包起。
内衬可以由印刷的纸、金属化的纸或其它层状材料构成。这些材料被从卷轴拉到包装机上并切成适当的长度。如果必要，制造选择的穿孔，以产生目标切断点，该目标切断点使得在首次打开包装时实现内衬的选定撕开成为可能。
纸和金属薄膜由于折叠性质和撕裂性质而是特别有利的。在这种类型的应用中，材料条必须具有好的折叠性质(死折叠(dead-fold))，这确保被包裹的香烟被足够紧地包好以保持捆状，直至将外包装放置就位之时。此外，撕裂性能扮演重要角色，因为这确保了衬里的受控打开。最后，切片必须具有良好的平整性，以使操作不会受材料条卷起阻碍。
纸和金属化的纸很好地实现了这组性质。由热塑性聚合物制成的薄膜固有地具有差的折叠性质，并因此通常不是用于此用途的合适材料。此外，呈小切片形式的塑料薄膜容易卷起，即这些切片完全因自身作用沿薄膜条的长度卷起或沿垂直于薄膜条的长度的方向卷起。
然而，由于塑料薄膜从环境方面和成本方面看通常具有优于纸的优点，在各种用途中用塑料薄膜取代纸始终是对薄膜制造商提出的要求。
因此，构成本发明基础的是提供适合用作香烟包装的内衬并满足该用途的要求的薄膜的任务。
通过使用单层或多层的双轴取向薄膜作为香烟包装的内衬来解决所述任务，该薄膜含有70至100重量％的由至少一种脂族羟基羧酸制成的聚合物。
本发明实现了特别适合于翻盖包装和软包装的用途。由聚羟基羧酸薄膜，优选PSA薄膜制成的所述内衬特别适合于翻盖包装。这些硬纸盒传统上由薄纸板构成。一个硬纸盒用于装进该包装的内容物，即在所有侧面上均被由聚羟基羧酸或PSA制成的折叠的内包装包围的香烟集合。有一个设置在所述硬纸盒的背面上的盖子，其经由折线接合到所述硬纸盒上。翻盖包装的实施方案的进一步细节是已知的并且被描述在例如DE 43 33 462中，在本文中明确引用其描述。
香烟的集合，即包装的内容物，在所有侧面上均被本发明的内包装包围。作为包装内容物存在的单元是一组香烟。根据本发明，在香烟包装中引入由聚羟基羧酸制成的薄膜，优选PLA薄膜以制造这样的一组香烟。
将所述薄膜切成适合此目的的宽度，并从作为一令(ream)的卷轴拉到包装机上并切成适当长度。切割物的形状取决于所用的折叠的类型。例如，将裁剪好的薄膜切割物按照侧折叠原理围绕所述香烟集合置放。将前面和背面连接成连续的、封闭的底面。同样通过折叠形成上端壁，使得形成内部尖角和梯形突出边缘。
在另一个实施方案中，上部区域的内包装可以带有抽取带(draw-off strap)，即所谓的口盖(flap)。为此，在所述切割物的整个宽度上制造一个穿孔线或某些其它类型的弱化线。在初次打开包装时，通过抓住外部突出边缘来拉掉所述抽取带。
通常以使得切割物纵向放置的方式从材料带上分离所述切割物。如果必要，可以为所述材料条提供印刷表面，所述印刷表面有利地被排列，在它们之间在沿材料长度运行的方向上有间隙。在整个薄膜纵向上有用于分割所述切割物的横切线。由于印刷机的压印，可以用印刷标记控制进行分割线的精确定位。
或者，可以以薄膜条的宽度相当于切割物的长度的方式构建所述切割物。使用这种安排，切割物与材料条的长度垂直地排列。在这些情况下，在材料条两侧上均提供连续印记条，特别是不同宽度的印记条。
切割物和用于折叠所述内衬的技术、用于压印切割物的装置和进一步的细节是现有技术中已知的，并且被描述在例如DE 201 20 977或DE 43 33 462或DE 25 11 241中，本文中明确引用所述文件。
具有以所述方式构成的内衬的包装通常另外带有由薄膜，特别是聚丙烯薄膜或玻璃纸制成的外包装。
根据本发明，内衬由可具有一层或数层的双轴取向的薄膜制成。该薄膜的主要成分是由至少一种脂族羟基羧酸制成的聚合物。一般而言，该薄膜含有至少70-100％的由脂族聚羟基羧酸，优选PLA构成的聚合物。由80-99重量％，优选85-95重量％的所述聚合物构成的实施方案是优选的，所述百分重量相对于薄膜重量计。
令人惊讶地，由聚羟基羧酸，优选PLA制成的薄膜对于用作内衬来说是优异的。已发现，该薄膜在压紧后将香烟束充分地固定就位。该薄膜在包装机上操作过程中不显示出中断。我发现，所述切割物令人惊讶地几乎没有卷起，有时完全没有卷起，并因此避免了其它热塑性薄膜的问题。此外，薄膜是特别有利的，因为在使用它们时，即使在波动的气候条件下，也给出良好的稳定的加工性能。与纸相比，波动的温度或波动的湿度几乎不影响所述薄膜及其性质，且不会影响所述薄膜作为内衬的用途，并始终同样好地处理。
由脂族聚羟基羧酸制成的单层和多层薄膜均适合本发明的用途。多层薄膜通常构建在厚的基础层外，该基础层具有最大的层厚度并占该薄膜总厚度的60至＜100％。为这种基础层提供一个或多个顶层，如果必要，优选在两面而不仅在一面上提供。在其它实施方案中，附加的中间层或所述多层薄膜的外表面的涂层是可能的，由此获得四层或五层的、带涂层或不带涂层的薄膜。顶层的厚度通常在0.5至10微米的范围内，优选在0.5-6微米的范围内，特别是在1至3微米的范围内。本发明的薄膜的总厚度在20至100微米的范围内，优选在25至80微米的范围内，特别是在30至60微米的范围内。顶层是形成薄膜的外层的层。中间层自然连接在基础层和顶层之间。薄膜的层的下列实施方案以相同方式类似地适用于薄膜的单层实施方案。
令人惊讶地，对于用作本发明的内衬来说，具有20微米的最小厚度的薄膜是特别有利的。如果薄膜厚度小于20微米，则在机器上发生拥塞。已发现，令人惊讶地，在本发明的用途中，薄的薄膜甚至更好地发挥作用。当薄膜厚度太大时，薄膜表现出太大的复位力，使得包着的香烟在可以施加外部翻盖包装之前就从该捆中滑出。因此，不应该超出100微米的最大厚度。
薄膜以及如果必要薄膜的各层，含有70至大约100重量％，优选80至98重量％的由至少一种脂族羟基羧酸制成的聚合物(下文也称作PHC或聚羟基羧酸)。这是指由脂族羟基羧酸的聚合产物单元构成的均聚物或混合聚合产物。在适合于本发明的PHC中，聚乳酸是特别合适的。这些在下文被称作PLA(聚乳酸)。在这里，仅由乳酸单元构成的均聚物和主要含有与其它脂族羟基乳酸单元结合的乳酸单元(＞50％)的混合聚合产物均用术语PLA表示。
作为脂族聚羟基羧酸(PHC)的单体，脂族单-、二-或三羟基羧酸或其二聚环状酯是合适的，其中D-或L-形式的乳酸是优选的。这些种类的聚合物是现有技术中已知的并可商购得到。聚乳酸的制造也被描述在现有技术中，并且通过交酯(1，4-二氧杂环己烷-3，6-二甲基-2，5-二酮)，即乳酸的二聚环状酯的催化开环聚合进行，因此PLA通常也被称作聚交酯。在下列出版物中描述了PLA的制造：US 5,208,297、US 5,247,058或US 5,357,035。
仅由乳酸单元构成的聚乳酸是优选的。与此相关，含有80-100重量％的L-乳酸单元(对应于0至20重量％的D-乳酸单元)的PLA均聚物是特别优选的。可以含有甚至更高浓度的D-乳酸单元作为共聚单体以降低结晶度。如果必要，聚乳酸可另外含有各种脂族聚羟基羧酸单元作为乳酸的共聚单体，例如乙醇酸单元、3-羟基丙酸单元、2，2-二甲基-3-羟基丙酸单元或具有最多5个碳原子的、羟基羧酸的更高级同系物。
优选的是熔点为110至170℃，优选125至165℃，且熔体流动指数(DIN测量53735，在2.16N载荷和190℃)为1至50克/10分钟，优选1至30克/10分钟的乳酸聚合物(PLA)。PLA的分子量在至少10 000至500 000(数均)的范围内，优选在50 000至300 000(数均)的范围内。玻璃化转变温度Tg为40至100℃，优选40至80℃。
该薄膜的各层各自含70至大约100重量％的前述聚合物，优选80至98重量％的前述聚合物，以及如果必要的另外的添加剂，例如中和剂、稳定剂、润滑剂、抗静电剂和填料。它们有利地在熔融之前添加到聚合物或聚合物混合物中。磷键如磷酸或磷酸酯被引入作为稳定剂。就聚合物和添加剂而言，各层可以基本上具有相同的组成。一般而言，基础层的组成与其余层的组成不同。特别地，在顶层中加入如抗粘连剂或润滑剂的添加剂，而填料或颜料优选被引入到基础层中。然而，该薄膜的各层的构造和组成可以在宽的范围内变化。
已发现，无空泡的透明和白色的实施方案尤其好地适合此用途。关于聚丙烯薄膜，已知在基础层中具有空泡的不透明PP薄膜具有比透明PP薄膜更好的折叠性质。在这种用途中，与含空泡的实施方案相比，无空泡的PLA薄膜令人惊讶地也显示了非常好的折叠性质。就本发明来说，透明薄膜应被理解为根据ASTM-D 1003-77测量具有超过75％，优选超过95％的透光度的那些。白色PLA薄膜通过添加白色颜料而着色成白色，但没有空泡。这些实施方案通常在至少一层中，如果必要在数层中含有1-12重量％的TiO2。基本上，TiO2可以以这些量添加到两个顶层之一或两者中，或者也可以添加到两个中间层之一或两者中。
薄膜的不透明或白色不透明实施方案的添加基本上也是可能的。这些薄膜在基础层中含有引发空泡的填料，例如环烯烃共聚物(不透明薄膜)，和如果必要，含有附加的颜料(白色不透明薄膜)。在这种情况下，TiO2也优选作为颜料并以相对于基础层计最多10重量％，优选1至8重量％的量引入。
如果必要，该薄膜可以被涂布以优化该薄膜的其它性质。典型的涂料是提高粘合性的涂料、改进滑爽性的涂料或减粘(dehesive)操作的涂料。如果必要，这些附加涂料可以在侧向拉伸之前借助含水或非水分散体通过在线涂布来施加或离线施加。
在另一个实施方案中，薄膜在使用之前作为内衬被金属化。在用作内衬时，所述金属化的一侧形成可见侧。在另一个实施方案中，该薄膜可以在两侧上均被金属化。这种实施方案具有附加的优点，即避免了香烟与所述薄膜之间的直接接触，因此不会由于薄膜而损害香烟的味道，或可以极大地防止这些损害。
在另一个实施方案中，可以另外给金属化或未金属化的薄膜提供压花，压花一方面具有装饰特征，并且其有助于进一步改进的平整性。令人惊讶地，在金属化和压印后，所述薄膜可以与迄今所使用的纸内衬一样好地操作。而且，压花的金属化的薄膜与金属化的纸的局部外观非常接近。
按照共挤出程序(其本身是已知的)制造所述PHC薄膜。在该程序的范围内，将相应于薄膜的各层的一种或多种熔体通过平模头共挤出，将如此获得的多层薄膜在一个或数个辊上拉开以进行硬化，该薄膜随后双轴拉伸(取向)，所述双轴拉伸的薄膜被热固定，并且如果必要，在要处理的表面层上进行电晕处理或火焰处理。
双轴拉伸通常相继地进行。这样做时，拉伸优选首先在纵向(即加工方向，＝MD方向)上进行，随后在侧向(即与加工方向呈直角，＝TD方向)上进行。这导致分子链的取向。纵向拉伸优选借助于以对应于所需拉伸比的不同速度运行的两个辊进行。为了进行侧向拉伸，通常使用相应的夹持框。按照平膜挤出和随后相继拉伸的实施例进一步描述薄膜制造。
将熔体挤压通过平模头(片模头)，并将挤压出的薄膜在一个或数个出料(outfeed)辊上在10至100℃，优选20至80℃的温度下拉开，以使其冷却并硬化。
然后将如此获得的薄膜沿挤出方向和垂直于挤出方向拉伸。纵向拉伸优选在40至130℃，优选50至100℃的拉伸辊的辊温度下，有利地借助于以对应于所需拉伸比的不同速度运行的两个辊进行；侧向拉伸优选在50至130℃，优选60至120℃的温度下借助于相应的夹持框进行。纵向拉伸比可以在1.5至8的范围内变化。在具有含引起空泡的填料的基础层的薄膜制造中，3至6的高纵向拉伸比是优选的，而具有透明基础层的薄膜优选在1.5至3.5的范围内拉伸。侧向拉伸比为3至10，优选4至7。
薄膜的拉伸后是其热固定(热处理)，其中该薄膜在60至150℃的温度下保持收敛大约0.1至10s长(收敛性最多25％)。随后，用卷布机以常规方式将所述薄膜卷起。
使用下列测量值表征原材料和薄膜：
下面基于下列实施例解释本发明：
实施例1：
通过挤出和随后在纵向和侧向上的递增取向制造厚度为大约30微米的透明的三层PLA薄膜。基础层由几乎100重量％的熔点为大约160℃的聚乳酸构成。该层另外含有常规量的稳定剂和中和剂。两个可密封的顶层均基本上由无定形的聚乳酸构成，以使该聚乳酸具有大约40/60的L/D比率。此外，所述顶层各含有0.1重量％的基于SiO2的颗粒作为抗粘连剂。顶层的厚度各达到2.5微米。
在各个程序步骤中的制造条件为：
挤出：温度170-200℃
出料辊的温度：60℃
纵向拉伸：温度：68℃
纵向拉伸比：2.0
侧向拉伸：温度88℃
侧向拉伸比(有效的)：5.5
固定：温度75℃
收敛性：5％
实施例2：
如实施例1中所述制造薄膜。与实施例1相反，不附着顶层。对于其余部分，组成和制造条件不变。又制造了厚度为25微米的透明的单层薄膜。
实施例3：
通过挤出和随后在纵向和侧向上的递增取向，制造厚度为30微米的不透明的单层PLA薄膜。该层由大约95重量％的具有135℃的熔点、大约3克/10分钟的熔体流动指数和60℃的玻璃化转变温度的聚乳酸和大约5重量％的Tg为140℃的COC(Ticona Topas 6013)构成。该层另外含有常规量的稳定剂和中和剂。各个程序步骤中的制造条件为：
挤出：温度170-200℃
出料辊的温度：60℃
纵向拉伸：温度：68℃
纵向拉伸比：4.0
侧向拉伸：温度88℃
侧向拉伸比(有效的)：5.5
固定：温度75℃
收敛性：5％
以这种方式，获得了具有典型的珠光光泽和大约0.75克/立方厘米的降低的密度的不透明薄膜。
所述薄膜作为内衬被送入商业香烟包装机，并且可以在没有大问题的情况下使用。根据实施例1和2的无空泡的薄膜显示出它们是尤其有利的。
相反，双轴取向的聚丙烯薄膜不能被用在此用途中。由于材料的强复位力，各香烟不能被包装。

Claims (16)

1.单层或多层的、双轴取向的薄膜作为香烟包装的内衬的用途，其特征在于，该薄膜含有70至100重量％的至少一种脂族聚羟基羧酸的聚合物。
2.权利要求1的薄膜的用途，其特征在于，所述薄膜是透明的。
3.权利要求1的薄膜的用途，其特征在于，所述薄膜是白色的。
4.权利要求1的薄膜的用途，其特征在于，所述薄膜具有不透明的、有空泡的基础层。
5.权利要求1至4之一的薄膜的用途，其特征在于，所述薄膜在一个表面上被金属化。
6.权利要求1至4之一的薄膜的用途，其特征在于，所述薄膜在两侧上被金属化。
7.权利要求1至6之一的薄膜的用途，其特征在于，所述薄膜被压花。
8.权利要求5的薄膜的用途，其特征在于，所述薄膜的金属化的表面被压花。
9.权利要求1至8之一的薄膜的用途，其特征在于，所述薄膜在基础层中含有80至＜98重量％的脂族聚羟基羧酸的聚合物。
10.权利要求1至9之一的薄膜的用途，其特征在于，所述薄膜在两侧具有顶层，并且所述顶层含有70至＜100重量％的脂族聚羧酸的聚合物。
11.权利要求1至10之一的薄膜的用途，其特征在于，所述脂族聚羟基羧酸是聚乳酸。
12.权利要求1至11之一的薄膜的用途，其特征在于，所述薄膜具有至少20至100微米的总厚度。
13.权利要求1至12之一的薄膜的用途，其特征在于，所述顶层具有0.5至6微米的厚度。
14.权利要求1至13之一的薄膜的用途，其特征在于，所述顶层是可密封的。
15.权利要求1至14之一的薄膜的用途，其特征在于，香烟包装是翻盖包装。
16.权利要求1至14之一的薄膜的用途，其特征在于，香烟包装是软包装。
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DE102005053343B3 (de) 2007-06-28
CN101300177B (zh) 2011-04-20
ES2434033T3 (es) 2013-12-13
WO2007051791A2 (de) 2007-05-10
JP2009515780A (ja) 2009-04-16
US20080277297A1 (en) 2008-11-13
KR20080064123A (ko) 2008-07-08
EP1951596B1 (de) 2013-09-18
PL1951596T3 (pl) 2014-03-31
EP1951596A2 (de) 2008-08-06
PT1951596E (pt) 2013-11-11
CA2628481A1 (en) 2007-05-10
CA2628481C (en) 2014-09-16
JP5478887B2 (ja) 2014-04-23
SI1951596T1 (sl) 2014-01-31
RU2426680C2 (ru) 2011-08-20
RU2008122044A (ru) 2009-12-20

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