CN1012801B - Electric roller separator - Google Patents

Abstract

An electric roller sorting machine for sorting conductive loose materials and non-conductive loose materials comprises a casing (1) in which is mounted: a roller (3) which is rotatable and whose axis is arranged vertically and serves as a settling electrode; a feeding device (5) for supplying loose mixed materials to the side of the roller; at least two corona electrodes (10) for charging particles of the loose mixed materials in an electric field, wherein the electric field is generated between the corona electrodes and part of the side of the roller (3); and brushes (15) of the same number as the corona electrodes (10) for brushing off non-conductive particles on the side of the roller, wherein the corona electrodes (10) and the brushes (15) are substantially evenly distributed along the circumference of the roller (3).

Description

The invention relates to a sorting device for loose mixed materials, namely a drum sorter for sorting conductive loose mixed materials and non-conductive loose mixed materials.

The invention is mainly used for beneficiating non-ferrous metal ores, rare metal ores and ferrous metal ores, and processing raw ores with particle size not greater than 1.5mm. The invention can also be used for sorting non-metallic materials such as feldspar, potassium and phosphate rock and processing diamond concentrate. In addition, the electric drum separator can also be used in glass industry, food industry and rubber recycling.

At present, electric power sorting has been widely used in industry, both as the final process of the beneficiation process and as a preparatory process. Existing electric sorting machines are single-channel and have limited productivity.

The electric drum sorter can increase its productivity by increasing the length of its sorting drum, or adopting a sorting device consisting of several sorting machines arranged horizontally and vertically. But this will increase its size and complicate the structure and maintenance of the sorting device.

There is an electric drum sorter for sorting conductive loose materials and non-conductive loose materials (published in Moscow Nydra District in 1970, "Electric Separator Sorter" by A.B. Djago Charenko, etc., No. 27, 28, 54), this kind of sorting machine has: a casing with a roller in the casing, and the roller is used as a sedimentation pole; a device for feeding loose material to the side of the roller; a corona electrode for For charging loose materials, the electric field is generated between the electrodes and the drum Between the sides, there is a gap between the corona electrode and the side of the roller; a brush is installed behind the corona electrode according to the direction of rotation of the roller to brush off the non-conductive particles on the side of the roller; several containers are installed on the conductive particles , non-conductive particles and combinations of the two.

In the existing drum sorting machine, the axis of the drum is arranged horizontally, and a feeder supplies loose materials to the side of the drum, and the feeder is a notch groove arranged along the side of the drum. An electrostatic electrode parallel to the corona electrode is installed between the brush and the corona electrode arranged along the side of the drum. There are several containers under the drum, and the containers are located in the flow of conductive particles, non-conductive particles and the combination of the two.

Corona electrodes, electrostatic electrodes and brushes for brushing off non-conductive particles on the side of the roller between the poles constitute a sorting channel in which the loose mixture is sorted.

The productivity of the existing electric drum separator mainly depends on the length of the drum as the sedimentation pole. Increasing the diameter of the drum also increases productivity. Because, in this case, the drum can rotate at a relatively high peripheral speed without the conductive particles being separated from the side of the drum due to centrifugal force. However, this method of improving productivity will increase the size of the sorting machine, thereby increasing the useless drum side area in the sorting process, which is about 1/3 of the entire drum side area.

Because the existing sorting machine is set horizontally, the loose mixture can only be supplied to one section on its side, therefore, the sorting process of the particles is only carried out in one sorting channel, which has nothing to do with the diameter of the drum.

Due to structural reasons, the length of the drum of the existing sorting machine must not exceed 3000mm, and the maximum possible productivity is 1.5m ³ per hour based on the original loose mixture.

The sorting device consisting of several drum sorters requires a complex transmission system that drives several drums to rotate, resulting in complexity in structure and maintenance.

The main task of the present invention is to create a kind of electric drum sorting machine, the setting of its drum, the quantity of corona electrode, the quantity of brush, the container quantity of conductive particles, non-conductive particles and the combination of the two should make the whole side of the drum used in the sorting process.

This task can be carried out as follows: In a motorized drum sorter for sorting conductive and non-conductive bulk materials there is a housing containing: a drum as a settling pole; supplying loose mixing to the side of the drum The device of the material; the corona electrode for charging the loose mixture particles in the electric field, the electric field is generated between the corona electrode and the part of the side of the drum, and there is a gap between the corona electrode and the side of the drum; The brush for removing non-conductive particles is installed behind the corona electrode in the direction of drum rotation; several containers are installed on the flow of conductive particles, non-conductive particles and the combination of the two. According to the present invention, the axis of the cylinder is vertically arranged; at least one additional corona electrode is provided, and there is a gap between the electrode and the side of the cylinder; Non-conductive particles, each brush is installed behind the corresponding corona electrode according to the direction of rotation of the drum; additional containers are provided, installed in the additional flow of conductive particles, non-conductive particles and a combination of the two; main corona electrodes, additional The corona electrodes and brushes are roughly evenly distributed around the circumference of the drum, while the main and additional containers are located under the drum.

According to the number of main corona electrodes and additional corona electrodes, additional electrostatic electrodes should be set between the corresponding corona electrodes and brushes for the electric drum sorter.

The device for supplying the loose mixture to the side of the drum is reasonably arranged on the top of the drum, consisting of a disc feeder and a funnel: the disc feeder is installed coaxially with the drum; the funnel is arranged according to the main corona electrode and the additional corona electrode The quantity is set under the feeder, and the outlet of each funnel faces the gap between the corresponding corona electrode and the side of the drum.

The device for feeding loose material to the side of the drum is advantageously provided with additional feeding troughs according to the number of hoppers, each chute is installed vertically in the gap between the corresponding corona electrode and the side of the drum, at the outlet of the funnel Below, the opening of the trough is facing the side of the drum, and partitions are evenly arranged along its height, the angle of the partition is larger than the natural slope of the loose mixture, and from top to bottom, the length of the next partition is greater than that of the previous partition length.

The electric drum sorter should be equipped with an additional discharge device for conductive particles, non-conductive particles and the combination of the two. The discharge device is composed of a rotor and an annular channel: the rotor has blades, installed in the casing, and located under the drum. And coaxial with the drum, the main annular channel is set according to the number of containers, each annular channel communicates with the corresponding main container and additional container, and is composed of a concentric partition wall in the casing, and each annular channel is provided with a discharge port , while the rotor blades are located in the annular channel.

The production rate of the recommended electric drum sorter depends on the length and diameter of the drum. The size of the diameter indicates the number of corona electrodes, electrostatic electrodes and brushes that may be placed on the side of a drum. Therefore, in the proposed electric drum separator, the loose mix can be sorted in several sorting channels, so that the entire side of the drum can be utilized.

In the recommended sorting machine, a drum with a length of 1000mm and a diameter of 2000mm has a production rate of 30m ³ /h, and the unit index (volume or weight per unit productivity of the sorting machine) is only that of the existing sorting machine 1/4～1/5. In order to make the existing sorting device reach such productivity, about 20 long 3000mm drums are needed.

The recommended electric drum sorter has a transmission device and small overall size, so that it has a simple structure and easy maintenance.

Hereinafter, the invention will be clarified through the description of specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is the longitudinal sectional view of electric drum separator among the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the sectional view of II-II direction in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a cross-section in the III-III direction in Fig. 1, with an enlarged scale.

The motorized drum sorter for sorting conductive loose materials and non-conductive loose materials has a casing 1 (Figure 1) and a cover 2, and a drum 3 is installed inside the casing. The drum 3 is a hollow metal cylinder that can be mounted on the shaft 4 Rotate and use as a sedimentation pole. The axis of the drum 3 is arranged vertically. In the casing 1, the upper end of the drum 3 is equipped with a device 5 for supplying loose materials to the side of the drum. In this embodiment, the device 5 is composed of a charging sleeve 6, a disc feeder 8 and a funnel 9: the sleeve 6 Fixed on the cover 2 of the casing 1, and equipped with a sleeve 7, the sleeve 7 can move along the axis of the sleeve 6 to adjust the feeding amount of the loose mixture; the disc feeder 8 is coaxial with the drum 3 Installation; the funnel 9 is located below the feeder. At least two corona electrodes are installed on the side of the drum 3, and there is a gap between the electrodes and the drum 3. In this embodiment there are eight corona electrodes 10 (FIG. 2), distributed substantially evenly around the circumference of the drum 3, for charging the loose mix in an electric field generated between the electrodes and part of the sides of the drum 3 between. The corona electrode 10 ( FIG. 1 ) is a metal wire fixed on the insulator 11 under tension along the side of the drum 3 .

In the device 5 for supplying the loose mixture to the side of the drum, the number of hoppers 9 is the same as the number of corona electrodes 10, and its discharge port faces the gap between the corresponding corona electrodes 10 and the side of the drum 3. In this embodiment, the device 5 for supplying the loose mixture to the side of the drum has the same number of hoppers 12 as the number of hoppers 9, and each chute is vertically installed in the gap between the corresponding corona electrode 10 and the side of the drum 3, Located below the outlet of the funnel 9. The opening of each trough 12 faces the side of the drum 3, and partitions 13 are installed equidistantly along the height of the trough (Figure 3). The partitions are installed at an angle α, which is greater than the natural slope of the loose mixture, and the slope is about 45. °.

From top to bottom, the next partition 13 is longer than the last partition 13 by the same length. Partitions 13 serve to evenly distribute the loose mix along corresponding portions of the drum 3 sides.

The trough 12 with the separator 13 is mainly used to prevent spark breakdown between the corona electrode 10 and the drum 3 as the sedimentation pole when most of the loose mixture is conductive particles.

According to the rotation direction of the drum 3 (the rotation direction is indicated by an arrow in Figure 2), behind each corona electrode (Figure 1, 2), there is an electrostatic electrode 14, which is a metal tube with an electrolyte complex. Layer, mounted on the insulator 11, approximately parallel to the corona electrode 10.

The corona electrode 10 and the electrostatic electrode 14 are connected to a power supply with the same polarity and a DC voltage of U (the terminal of the power supply is marked with a symbol on the figure).

According to the rotation direction of the drum 3, behind the electrostatic electrode 14, a brush 15 is installed along the side of the drum 3 to brush off non-conductive particles on the side of the drum.

The corona electrode 10 , the electrostatic electrode 14 , the brush 15 and part of the sides of the roller 3 in between form a sorting channel 16 ( FIG. 2 ). Therefore be provided with 8 sorting passages 16 in the present embodiment of implementing electric drum sorting machine, the sorting passage quantity depends on the possibility that corona electrode 10, electrostatic electrode 14 and brush 15 are set near the cylinder 3 of prescribed diameter .

Below the drum 3, containers 17, 18, 19 are arranged along its direction of rotation, and these containers are correspondingly arranged in the flow process of conductive particles, non-conductive particles and the combination of the two, and the number of containers depends on the size of the loose mixture sorting particles. number of levels. For example, if it is desired to separate a loose mixture of particles having different conductivity values, several containers 17 will be provided, the particles having the highest conductivity value will flow into the container closest to the corona electrode. Particles with a correspondingly lower conductivity value will flow into the container 17 arranged one behind the other in the direction of rotation of the drum 3 .

In order to facilitate the unloading of materials of different particle sizes, the electric drum sorter has a device 20 (Fig. 1) for unloading conductive particles, non-conductive particles and the combination of the two. The device consists of a rotor 21 and an annular channel 23, 24, 25 composition: the rotor 21 is installed in the casing 1, under the drum 3, and coaxial with the drum 3, the rotor 21 is equipped with blades 22; in each channel 16 (Figure 2) the inner ring channel 23, 24, 25 The quantity is identical with the quantity of container 17,18,19. The annular channel 23 communicates with all containers 17 through the cutout on the rotor 21 , the annular channel 24 communicates with all containers 18 , and the annular channel 25 communicates with all containers 19 . The annular channels 23, 24, 25 are composed of partitions 27 concentrically arranged on the bottom plate 26 of the casing 1 to collect corresponding conductive particles, non-conductive particles and their combination. In each of the annular channels 23 , 24 , 25 a discharge opening 28 is provided. The blades 22 of the rotor 21 are located in the annular channel 23, In 24 and 25, sleeve pipes 29, 30 and 31 are installed at the discharge port 28 of each channel, which are used to discharge conductive particles, non-conductive particles and the combination of the two from the electric drum sorter.

Cylinder 3, disk feeder 8 and rotor 21 are all grounded, and make it rotate with the friction transmission mechanism of band motor 32 and driving wheel 33, and driving wheel 33 interacts with rotor 21.

Sorting channel 16 (Fig. 2) is separated with baffle plate 34 (Fig. 1, 2), and door leaf 35 inlaid with glass is housed on casing 1, so that adjustment work and sorting process are observed.

The working conditions of the electric drum sorter are as follows:

A DC voltage U is supplied from a high-voltage power source to the corona electrode 10 and electrostatic electrode 14 ( FIGS. 1 and 2 ) of the sorter. A corona discharge electric field is generated between the corona electrode 10 and the drum 3 serving as a precipitation electrode, while an electrostatic electric field is generated between the electrostatic electrode 14 and the drum 3 . Then, the motor 32 ( FIG. 1 ) is powered, and the motor rotates the rotor 21 together with the drum 3 and the disc feeder 8 along the direction from the corona electrode 10 to the brush 15 through the driving wheel 33 .

The non-conductive raw loose mixture and the conductive raw loose mixture to be sorted in the sorting machine are sent to the rotating disc feeder 8 through the charging sleeve 6 and the sleeve 7, and the mixture is under the action of centrifugal force. Move toward the perimeter of the feeder. The feed rate of the mixture is determined by the gap between the lower end of the sleeve 7 and the disc feeder 8, which can be set when adjusting the separator. After the mixture reaches the edge of the disc feeder 8, it enters the funnel 9 of all the sorting channels 16 (Figure 2), and then directly enters the side of the drum 3 and the corona electrode 10 through the discharge port of the funnel 9 (Figure 1). The gap between and into the corona discharge area, or distributed in the gap through the trough 12. In the first case, the mixture is self-flowing in a thin layer along the side of the drum 3 under the action of corona discharge electric field, electrostatic electric field and gravity. In the second case, the mixture first enters the trough 12, distributes evenly along the inclined partition 13 (Fig. 3), and then flows along the partition to the side of the drum 3 (Fig. 1).

In both cases, within each sorting channel 16 (Fig. 2), or within the corona discharge electric field, all particles of the loose mixture are charged with the same polarity as the corona electrode 10, and these particles are The corona electrodes 10 repel each other to flow in the direction of the grounded drum 3 and press against the drum sides. At the same time, the static electric field of the electrostatic electrode 14 with the same polarity as the corona electrode 10 acts on the charged particles, prompting the charged particles to move toward the drum 3 .

Each particle discharges when it comes into contact with the drum 3 . The conductive particles are quickly discharged on the drum 3 and come off the side of the drum. The conductive particles move downwards under the action of gravity, while the electrostatic field of the electrostatic electrodes 14 causes these particles to flow from the drum 3 to the corresponding container 17 contained in the flow of the conductive particles. The non-conductive particles of the loose mix discharge much more slowly and therefore remain on the sides of the drum 3 . The electric field of the electrostatic electrodes encourages these particles to remain on the surface of the drum 3, which are then brushed off with a brush 15 and flow into a container 19 (FIG. 1) provided for non-conductive particles below the drum.

A combination of conductive and non-conductive particles, very fine conductive particles, or larger non-conductive particles will flow into the container 18 without remaining on the surface of the drum 3 . As mentioned above, the composition of the particles in the container 18 is very inconsistent, because the loose mixture flows in a multi-layer flow to the side of the drum 3 during the sorting process, not all particles are in the active area of the corona electrode 10 and the electrostatic electrode 14. Under the same conditions, resulting in a different interaction with the precipitated electrode. Since the loose mix is fed from above to the sides of the drum 3, the mix particles flow more aggressively, thereby improving the selectivity of the separation.

When sorting loose materials containing less conductive particles (less than 25%), such as when recycling molding sand, it is advisable to use a feeding device 5 with a simple structure. In this device, the loose mixture is directly fed into the drum 3 through the funnel 9 In the gap between the side and the corona electrode 10. When the mixture contains a large amount of conductive particles, periodic spark breakdowns will occur between the corona electrodes 10, the electrostatic electrodes 14 and the drum 3, which will destroy the sorting process.

When separating loose mixtures containing a large number of conductive particles, for example, when processing titanium-zirconium concentrates, a more complicated feeding device 5 is used. This device is added with a feed tank 12 with a partition 13 to prevent Spark breakdown occurs between the corona electrode 10 , the electrostatic electrode 14 and the drum 3 . When the loose mixture is supplied in this way, the mixture particles move along the inclined partition 13 of the trough 12 to the side of the drum 3, flow to the side of the drum 3 (Fig. 1) at an angle α (Fig. On the one hand, there is a tangential partial velocity, which promotes the separation of the conductive particles from the sides of the drum 3 in the area behind the corona electrode 10 and the electrostatic electrode 14 and prevents the occurrence of spark breakdowns.

Therefore, the loose mixture containing conductive particles, non-conductive particles and the combination of the two flows to the side of the drum 3 as the sedimentary pole, and is divided into the water under the joint action of the electric fields caused by the corona electrode 10, the electrostatic electrode 14 and the brush 15. Of the eight sorting channels 16 (FIG. 2), the entire side of the drum 3 (FIG. 1) is thus utilized, significantly increasing the productivity of the sorting machine. In addition, a method similar to that used in the existing drum sorting machine can also be used to increase its productivity, that is, to increase the length of the drum 3 and its peripheral speed.

Conductive particles, non-conductive particles and the combination of the two enter the corresponding annular channel from the discharge port of the corresponding container 17, 18, 19 In 23, 24, 25, driven by the blades 22 of the rotor 21, they move along the channels 23, 24, 25 towards the discharge port 28, and thus pass through the corresponding sleeves 29, 30, 31 to be discharged from the separator.

This unloading device 20 is very compact and does not complicate the structure of the sorter. All rotating components of the sorter are driven by an electric motor 32, which simplifies the maintenance of this electric drum sorter.

In this way, the productivity of the proposed electric drum sorter has been greatly increased without increasing its size.

Claims (5)

1. An electric drum sorting machine, used for sorting the mixture of non-conductive loose materials and conductive loose materials, has a casing (1), and the casing is equipped with: a drum (3), which can be rotated and used as a sedimentation pole ; means (5) for supplying the loose mix to the sides of the drum; corona electrodes (10) for charging the particles of the loose mix in an electric field generated between the corona electrodes and part of the sides of the drum (3) , there is a gap between the corona electrode and the side of the cylinder (3); the brush (15) is used to brush off the particles on the side of the cylinder, and the brush is positioned behind the corona electrode (10) according to the direction of rotation of the cylinder (3); Containers (17, 18, 19) are contained in the flow of conductive particles, non-conductive particles and combinations of the two. The separator is characterized in that: the axis of the drum (3) is vertically arranged; at least one additional corona electrode (10) is provided, and there is a gap between the electrode and the side of the drum (3), according to the additional corona electrode ( 10) is provided with additional brushes (15) to brush off non-conductive particles from the side of the cylinder, each brush is installed behind the corresponding corona electrode (10) according to the rotation direction of the cylinder (3), and is provided with Additional containers (17, 18, 19), contained in the additional process of conductive particles, non-conductive particles and combinations of both; main corona electrodes and additional corona electrodes (10) and brushes (15) are roughly evenly distributed on the drum (3) on the circumference, while the main container and additional containers (17, 18, 19) are located below the drum (3). 2. The electric drum separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: electrostatic electrodes (14) are provided according to the number of main corona electrodes and additional corona electrodes (10), each electrostatic electrode is located at the corresponding corona between the electrode (10) and the brush (15). 3. The electric drum sorter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the device (5) for supplying the loose mixture to the side of the drum is located above the drum (3), and the disc feeder (8 ) and funnel (9); the feeder is installed coaxially with the drum (3); the funnel (9) is located under the feeder according to the number of main corona electrodes and additional corona electrodes (10), each The outlet of each funnel faces the gap between the corresponding corona electrode (10) and the side of the drum (3). 4. The electric drum sorter according to claim 3, characterized in that: the device (5) for supplying the loose mixture to the side of the drum has additional troughs (12) with the same number as the hoppers (9), and each material The trough is installed vertically in the gap between the corresponding corona electrode (10) and the side of the drum (3), located below the discharge opening of the funnel (9), with the opening part facing the side of the drum (3); along the height of the chute Equidistance is equipped with dividing plate (13), and dividing plate becomes α angle installation, and α angle is greater than the natural slope of loose mixture, and from top to bottom, the length of lower floor dividing plate (13) is greater than the length of upper strata dividing plate (13). 5. The electric drum sorter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: an additional unloading device (20) for conductive particles, non-conductive particles and the combination of the two is provided, and the device consists of The rotor (21) and the annular channel (23, 24, 25) are composed; the rotor (21) has blades (22), which are installed in the casing (1) and under the drum (3), and are coaxial with the drum; the ring The number of channels (23, 24, 25) is the same as the number of main containers (17, 18, 19), and each annular channel communicates with the corresponding main container and additional containers (17, 18, 19). (1) is composed of concentric partitions (27); at the same time, each annular channel (23, 24, 25) is provided with a discharge port (28), and the blades (22) of the rotor (21) are located on In the circular channel (23, 24, 25).