CN1012583B - Block building system and method for its production - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a building system of shared snap-in building blocks designed according to comprehensive utilization. Are three basic blocks, i.e., full, half and knock-on blocks, which can be used to construct the desired structure. The whole building block comprises a convex tenon block and a groove. The half blocks and the knockable blocks include only channels.

There are standard sizes between the groove faces of all blocks and standard sizes between the blocks of the whole block, which correspond to the sizes of the groove faces. This provides a wide array of mutually engaged positions.

Description

The system is designed to facilitate the construction of buildings, walls, transverse walls, etc. without special equipment or expertise. The main concept is to provide a basic way of overlapping the blocks of the type used, and to design the blocks to snap together firmly so that the construction does not require traditional mortar or cement to join each other. Thanks to the choice and arrangement of the protruding blocks and the grooves mounted on said protruding tenons, it is possible to interengage said blocks in parallel, in intersection or in any other desired arrangement or combination. In this way, any simple or complex structure can be built using this system.

Either because of the application of many combinations of blocks of different shapes, or because making, storing, selecting and assembling so many blocks breaks the concept of ease of construction, the state of the art remains complex and expensive and far behind the invention described herein. Such complications add cost and require skilled labor to coordinate the type of block to be employed in a particular building. The worker certainly requires some skill to control the products in stock and to select the appropriate blocks to supply the need. For example, Canadian Patent No. 1,142,773 is concerned with the method of tongue-and-groove fitting involving obtaining a characteristic block intended to make beams or lintels for doors through which pillars pass, or to make internal pipes or cables The group or shape of the groove to use for the groove. This system does not require skilled labor, but it does require special machinery to make it. It also requires many block moulds, in order to obtain building shapes such as corners, columns, transverse walls, and so on.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide three kinds of basic building blocks, apply them and just can build out the structure thing of any need.

A second object is to obtain a construction system that does not require special equipment or skilled labor.

The purpose of the third is to provide accurate block modeling methods.

The fourth purpose is to use as few molds as possible to reduce the manufacturing cost.

A fifth object is to provide blocks in which volumes for transport and storage can be easily calculated.

The sixth purpose is to make it easy for construction workers to select, obtain and use blocks.

In the attached picture:

Figure 1 is a top and bottom perspective view of a set of monolithic blocks.

Figure 2 is a top view of the half block.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 2 at line III-III.

Figure 4 is a top view of a whole block.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 4 at line V-V.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of Fig. 4 at line VI-VI.

Figure 7 is a top view of the knock-off blocks.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of Fig. 7 at the line VIII-VIII.

Fig. 9 is a sectional view of Fig. 7 at line IX-IX.

Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 7 taken along line X-X.

Figure 11 is a top view of the notcher assembly of the block mould.

Fig. 12 is a sectional view of Fig. 11 at line XII-XII.

Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 11 taken along line XIII-XIII.

Fig. 14 is a plan view showing a particular shape of overlapping blocks.

Figure 15 shows parallel, side-by-side blocks overlapping each other.

Figures 16(a) to (i) show a few of the many possible shapes resulting from combining and overlapping full, half and knockable blocks.

This system includes the combination of three basic hollow blocks, full block, half block and demoulding block.

The blocks should be precisely made so that they overlap each other without the use of mortar. Load bearing structures can be built with them.

The characteristics of the whole block are as follows:

1) The dimensions between the groove surface 100 and the surface 102 and the side surface 101 are the same, and any combination of two adjacent groove surfaces should be smaller than the distance between tenon blocks 107AB and 107AC.

2) The dimension between the groove surfaces 106 of the variable section must be larger than the side surfaces of the tenon block 107BB or 107CC.

3) The groove 106 with variable cross-section is larger at the bottom surface 109 than at the top surface 108 . This facilitates a proper positioning tool when in contact with tenon blocks 107AB and 107AC.

4) The web 103 in the center is placed in the vital part to ensure that the protruding tenons 107AB and 107AC are positioned accurately. This makes superelevation block systems very versatile.

It is desirable that the surface of the tenon block 104 protrudes from the distance between the bottom surface 109 of the block and the top surface 108 of the above-mentioned block according to the ratio of 1/5 to 1/25.

A half block is exactly half the size of a full block, and it can be incorporated into the system in any combination. The grooves 200 in either face 201 will slide down over-tall full block tenon blocks 107AB and 107AC, and any sequence of full, half or lintel block end or side combinations.

The primary function of half-blocks is to give a straight block-ended wall finish to any wall constructed with this system when the continuous-lay method of construction is used.

Half blocks are characterized by a larger cavity and four internal grooves on the four inner walls of the block. Figure 2 illustrates that it has no protruding tenons. Even so, it cooperates with basic blocks in masonry.

The main function of lintel blocks or knockable blocks is twofold:

1) Due to the single web 306 in the center of the block, it can be used for larger holes in the block. The distance between the central web 306A or B and the groove 304 in the end face 301 provides a greater possibility of accommodating water supply lines, cables etc. into the cavity. Concrete or insulating material can also be poured into the cavity.

2) Set inside the end face 301 are two slots 307 extending into the end face 301 about 1/3 deep, and inside the central web 306 are two slots 307 extending into the central web 306 about 1/3 Two consecutive slots 308 . When given a strong blow with a hammer, these sections snap off and give access to make beams and lintels for placing rebar (steel) and concrete within the blocks.

The blocks are designed to fit this system. Internal intermeshing is also the same as for each full block and half block.

Arbitrary combinations of faces 102 on blocks A and B are arranged in a straight line and are close together; any combination of faces 101 on block C is arranged close to each other with end faces 102 on block B, And face 102 on block C is the same as face 102 on blocks A and B The faces 101 are arranged in unison.

The blocks D are arranged on the blocks A and B according to the central position, and the grooves 100 on the two end faces 102 of the block D slide down along the tenons 107AC on the blocks A and the tenons 107AB on the blocks B. The variable cross-section groove sides 106 on the face 102 of block D are larger than the sides of the tenons 107AC on block A and the sides of the tenons AB on block B. And when the end face 102 of block A is in contact with the end face 102 of block B, the distance between the grooves 100 on the faces 102 of block D is greater than the tenons 107AC on block A and the tenons on block B The distance between blocks 107AB. When the bottom surface 109 of block D contacts the top surface 108 of block A and the top surface 108 of block B, the blocks are in place.

The blocks E are arranged in the grooves 100 on the blocks B and C that are suitable for the end faces 102 according to the central position. The blocks will slide down along the tenons 107 of the blocks B. When the two end faces 102 are in contact, the tenons 107AB and The distance between 107AC is greater than the distance between the faces 102 of blocks E in which grooves 100 are present.

When making common blocks, only one steel bar 400B is used as the core. The core is placed along the top surface of the concrete block mold which supports the steel core 401B in a concrete block to form a cavity or hollow. This creates a problem for the block maker because no matter where the block face 403B is located, the area just below the core reinforcement is unlikely to be under pressure to form the top surface of the compact 404B, so close or remove the A small section of the lower part of the core steel bar on the top surface of the concrete block is used to obtain a thin area to solve this problem. In common engineering, this results in a small amount of loose concrete remaining on the block top surface 402B when the concrete block is once released from the mould. The aforementioned loose concrete can now be removed by rotating the brushes with a stream of pressurized air placed in place on the blocks. Now with regard to the new blocks and molds described here, the central position of the protruding tenon of the bottom block means that tolerance variations should be introduced in the process. First of all The variation is due to the fact that when a single core bar is used in place of two bars in this process, no pressurized air flow can be used without compromising the integrity of the protruding tenons. The second problem is that in order to make the protruding tenon block, a molding machine with the exact shape to form the protruding tenon block must be used, and this solution will suffer due to the cavitation effect that occurs once the block is demoulded. The resulting molded ear blocks become misshapen. The cavitation effect also causes the mold to retain some of the concrete that should remain on the ear blocks. In other words, during each block forming cycle, the pressure slotter gets dirty and has to be cleaned. To solve this problem, the mold described here is designed to bear the two core bars 400A of the steel core 401A. The location of the two bars 400A may be about 6 mm from the outer edge 402A of the protruding ear block, reaching a position about 3 mm from the outer edge of the bar core.

A section of the two steel bars in region 403A extends down between steel core 401A. The first level defined by the top face 404A of the block is reached.

A movable mold guide 407A is employed within the 6mm space positioned between the two rebars 400A and the mold sides 408A and delimited by the steel mold 401A.

The above allows material to settle onto area 402A during casting, so the plunger 406A of the compact 400A of the central pressure slotter may be shorter than the plunger 405A of the die compact, e.g. by the ratio of the base block top surface and Tenon block height for changes of 1/15 and 1/25 of the distance between bases. The center mold block 410A is now a flat face mold which facilitates release of the same mold when the block is ejected from the mold. The flat face of the center pressure notcher makes it easy to clean, as common methods can be used for this purpose.

Use two 400A bars for the passage of loose concrete that has been sunk onto the face of the block. Replaced by cleaning measures, as described above, which will not damage the protruding tenons. Another advantage of using two bars is that the area between the parallel bars can be isolated from the outer areas of the two bars during casting, thus allowing the area contained between bars 402A to A relatively large amount of material that falls within.

The method of sinking additional material in the area contained between the sub-bars is achieved by using a material-height equal plate arranged in the area between the two bars. Height adjustment will depend on the type of topping used and the material suitable for that topping.

Figure 10 shows the special machinery necessary to make concrete blocks. The shape shown can be expensive to produce as it requires a special tooling and a minimum of additional parts to support the blocks in the wet state. And since there are only 3 molds for the present invention, with this tool, in an overlapping block system comprising 10, 20 or 30 basic moulds, the production of general purpose equipment is more expensive and less versatile.

Claims (11)

1. A building system composed of blocks that are snapped together to form a structure, the system includes a whole block, the whole block has two outer sides, two outer end faces whose length is half the length of the outer sides, and a an internal cavity defined by said sides and said end faces, two intermediate webs dividing said internal cavity into two smaller spaces of equal size and defining an additional cavity, each intermediate web comprising The tenon block protruding from the top surface of the block has two cavities of the same size with grooves, and its size is designed to fit the tenon block into a tenon and groove. Its characteristics are: A set of three types of blocks in which the two cavities of the same size in the whole block each have three grooves, each groove is located on a different cavity wall adjacent to an outer side, and is used to form a tenon and groove fit with the tenon block , each groove is spaced at the same distance from the adjacent outer surface, the distance between any two opposite grooves is greater than the distance between the opposite surfaces of the two opposite tenon blocks, each groove is limited by the relative variable section, the The variable section of the groove is arranged at right angles to each groove, and the distance between the opposite variable section groove surfaces is greater than the width of the tenon block measured along the parallel to the outer end surface of the block, and each variable section groove surface is larger on the bottom surface and faces The top surface tapers to form a stable engagement with the interlocking blocks of the building system, wherein the system also includes a half-block having four outer sides, each of which is shaped like the full block The outer faces are the same; where the system includes knock-away blocks designed as mating blocks for mating with the above-mentioned blocks, which have the same outer faces, outer faces and grooves as the complete blocks Shape, an internal cavity defined by said outer side and said end surface, said internal cavity is divided into two smaller cavities of the same size by a single web, grooves are provided on the web and in the end wall The groove weakens the web and the end wall respectively, and it is convenient to break and cut off at the groove, so that the steel rod or steel bar can be inserted when it is made into a concrete beam. 2. A building system according to claim 1, wherein the half-blocks include a cavity having a centrally located channel on each interior wall, each channel being defined by opposing variable-section channel surfaces. Each groove and each opposite variable cross-section groove surface has the same size and shape as the groove and groove surface of the monolithic block. 3. The building system of claim 1 wherein the half-blocks have no protruding blocks. 4. The building system according to claim 1, wherein the breakable blocks have no protruding blocks, and the grooves are positioned and sized to match the protruding tenon blocks of the entire block. 5. A building system according to claim 1, wherein the bonding between the three types of blocks is mechanical and self-locking and does not require mortar to support the resulting structure against displacement. 6. A building system according to claim 1, wherein the half-blocks can be stacked one on top of the other to define elongated cavities in which reinforcing steel bars are located and cement can be laid to form columns. 7. A building system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the breakable blocks can be stacked one on top of the other to define elongated cavities in which reinforcement bars are located and cement can be laid to form columns. 8. The building system of claim 1, wherein any combination of the three block types permits the placement of pipes and cables within the cavities of the respective blocks. 9. A building system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blocks are interengageable in parallel, crosswise, stacked and continuous combinations to obtain desired forms and dimensions. 10. A building system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the blocks are adapted to form load bearing structures. 11. Method for producing a monolithic block according to claim 1 in a building system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a cavity-forming core is provided in the inner wall-forming mould, the cavity forming The core is designed to form a three grooves with opposing groove faces of variable cross-section, into which the work material is put and then compacted by pressing, embossed by a mold consisting of flat parts defining three planes tenon block.

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