CN101244903A - A high-temperature anti-explosion and normal-temperature anti-crack mineral admixture and its preparation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of building material, which more particularly relates to a mineral admixture that is antiknock at high temperature and anti-fissure at normal temperature and a preparation method thereof. A mineral admixture that is antiknock at high temperature and anti-fissure at normal temperature is characterized by being mixed and formed by volume stable component, antiknock and toughening component and mineral admixture forming holes at high temperature, the mass portion of which is that: the mineral admixture forming holes at high temperature: the volume stable component is 1: 0.001 to 0.01, the mineral admixture forming holes at high temperature: the antiknock and toughening component is 1: 0.5 to 1.5. The mineral admixture that is antiknock at high temperature and anti-fissure at normal temperature has the advantages of good volume stability, physical mechanic property, durability and good anti-explosion property at high temperature.

Description

A high-temperature anti-explosion and normal-temperature anti-crack mineral admixture and its preparation method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and in particular relates to a high-temperature anti-explosion and normal-temperature anti-crack mineral admixture and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

In the history of more than 100 years, concrete has been widely used in the field of construction engineering as the main building structure material. Although concrete itself has the characteristics of non-combustibility and low thermal conductivity, as the fire temperature increases, the concrete itself will undergo physical and chemical changes, which will eventually lead to the deterioration of its original performance, thus affecting the stability of reinforced concrete structures. and durability. For example, a fire in the Channel Tunnel in England and France caused the high-strength concrete on the inner surface of the tunnel to burst, causing extensive damage to the tunnel.

The compositional structure and physical and chemical properties of HSC/HPC determine its own degradation manifestations under high temperature, and these degradations mainly include bursting, load-bearing capacity decline, etc.

Bursting refers to the phenomenon that the concrete surface suddenly cracks without any warning when the concrete reaches a certain temperature under the action of high temperature (fire). 100°C-250°C. The high temperature bursting of concrete is very destructive to the concrete structure. This kind of damage will cause the concrete protective layer on the surface of the steel bar to peel off, and the steel bar will be directly exposed to high temperature environment to be damaged, which will eventually lead to the loss of the integrity of the concrete structure. The characteristics of concrete bursting are sudden occurrence without warning; the depth of bursting is different; not all the specimens of the same group burst, which has a certain randomness.

So far, there are various viewpoints on the mechanism of high-temperature cracking of concrete, among which two viewpoints attract attention, namely, the vapor pressure build-up mechanism and the thermal stress mechanism. The vapor pressure mechanism refers to the fact that the dense hardened cement slurry prevents the escape of water vapor at high temperature, thereby generating internal vapor pressure. When the vapor pressure reaches a certain value, it will cause high-temperature bursting. The mechanism of thermal stress means that the high temperature environment produces a temperature gradient inside and outside the concrete structure, and the thermal stress generated with the temperature gradient eventually leads to bursting. In addition, it is also possible that the bursting is due to the simultaneous action of these two mechanisms.

The deterioration of the bearing capacity of concrete after high temperature is mainly due to the negative changes in the physical and chemical properties of concrete itself when subjected to high temperature. When the temperature of the concrete rises to about 100°C, the free water in the cement mortar and aggregate gradually evaporates and discharges; at about 300°C, the crystallization water in the concrete begins to dissipate, and the hydrate begins to decompose; when the temperature reaches 500°C, the crystallization water is almost All of them are lost, the cement hydrates are completely decomposed, the aggregates also begin to dehydrate, and obvious cracks appear on the concrete surface. There is no continuous or large hydration product gel in the cement stone, and it is replaced by smaller dispersed phase particles. , a large number of interpenetrating micro-cracks also appeared on the surface of the aggregate, the overall structure of the concrete has become crisp, and there are large through-cracks between the aggregate and the cement stone, and the damage is mainly along the interface and the cement stone] In addition, the siliceous bone When the material is at 573°C, the α-type SiO ₂ transforms into β-type with a volume expansion of 0.82%; after experiencing the fire temperature of 700°C, the crystal water is completely lost, the cement hydrate no longer exists, and the cracks on the concrete surface are obvious and interconnected; When the temperature reaches about 800°C, the calcareous aggregate in the concrete begins to decompose the carbonate.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a high temperature anti-explosion and normal temperature anti-cracking mineral admixture and its preparation method. The mineral admixture has good volume stability and durability at normal temperature and has anti-explosion ability at high temperature.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: a high-temperature anti-explosion and normal temperature anti-cracking mineral admixture, which is characterized in that it is composed of a volume stabilization component, an anti-explosion toughening component and a high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture. The mass fraction of each component is: high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture: volume-stabilizing component is 1:0.001-0.01, high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture: anti-knock toughening component is 1:0.5-1.5;

The volume stabilizing component is composed of organic fibers with a length of 3 to 8 mm and organic fibers with a length of 10 to 19 mm. The diameter of the organic fibers is 15 to 30 μm, and the organic fibers with a length of 3 to 8 mm account for 10% of the volume of the volume stabilizing component. 30-70%;

The anti-explosion toughening component is a metal fiber, the length of the metal fiber is 15-30 mm, and the aspect ratio is 15-50;

The high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture is a material with a thermal history above 1200°C, a vitreous body content of more than 50%, a specific surface area of 4000-4500 cm ² /g, and properties that meet the requirements of the GB/T 18736-2002 standard.

The melting point of the organic fiber is 150-190°C, and the ignition point is 500-600°C.

The organic fiber is any one or two or more of polypropylene (PP) fibers, polyamide (PA) fibers, polyvinyl formal (PVA) fibers, and high-strength and high-modulus polyethylene (PE) fibers The mixing of any two or more kinds is arbitrary proportioning.

The high-temperature pore-forming mineral additive is any one or a mixture of any two or more of slag, steel slag, mineral powder, and fly ash, and any two or more of them are mixed in any ratio.

The preparation method of the above-mentioned high temperature anti-explosion normal temperature anti-cracking mineral admixture is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

1) Preparation of volume stable components: select organic fibers with a length of 3 to 8 mm and organic fibers with a length of 10 to 19 mm, and mix them to obtain a volume stable component; wherein, the diameter of the organic fibers is 15 to 30 μm, and the length is 3 to 19 mm. 8mm organic fibers account for 30-70% of the volume of the volume stabilization component;

2) According to the mass fraction of each component: high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture: volume-stabilizing component is 1:0.001-0.01, high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture: anti-knock toughening component is 1:0.5-1.5 , selecting volume stabilizing components, anti-explosion toughening components and high temperature pore-forming mineral admixtures;

The anti-explosion toughening component is a metal fiber, the length of the metal fiber is 15-30 mm, and the aspect ratio is 15-50;

The high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture is a substance that has a thermal history above 1200°C, a vitreous body content of more than 50%, a specific surface area of 4000-4500 cm ² /g, and its performance should meet the requirements of the GB/T 18736-2002 standard;

Stir the volume stabilizing component and the high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture evenly, and then add the anti-explosion and toughening component and stir evenly to obtain a high-temperature, anti-explosion, normal-temperature, and anti-cracking mineral admixture product.

The high-temperature anti-explosion and normal-temperature anti-crack mineral admixture of the present invention adopts an internal mixing method to replace 20-30% of the weight of cement in equal amounts.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: at normal temperature, the provided high-temperature anti-explosion and normal-temperature anti-crack mineral admixture can not only relieve the cracking problem of concrete caused by temperature stress, shrinkage stress and structural stress, but also have good toughness and It is resistant to the erosion of harmful ions in the external environment (such as Cl ^- , SO ₄ ^2- , Mg ²⁺ , H ₂ O, etc.); it has good volume stability, physical mechanics and durability at room temperature. At high temperature, the high temperature anti-explosion and normal temperature anti-cracking mineral admixture will enhance the concrete's resistance to instantaneous high temperature, so that the concrete maintains better integrity and stability, and avoids personal injury and building structure damage caused by concrete bursting , that is, it has anti-burst ability at high temperature. The mechanism of its effect is:

1. Fiber reinforcement mechanism:

As a heterogeneous material containing three phases of solid, liquid and gas, concrete has internal defects. To improve the performance of concrete, it is necessary to reduce the degree of defects as much as possible, improve toughness, and reduce the stress concentration factor at the end of internal cracks.

The random distribution of fibers greatly weakens the shrinkage stress of concrete. The shrinkage energy is dispersed to the fiber, and the fiber absorbs part of the energy, greatly improving its flexibility, inhibiting the generation and development of micro cracks, achieving the purpose of fiber crack resistance and enhancing the volume stability of concrete. At the same time, the introduction of fibers can relieve the internal stress of concrete, prevent the expansion of micro-cracks, and avoid the generation of large-scale cracks, thereby improving the durability of concrete. In addition, the appropriate addition of high elastic modulus and high tensile strength fibers is also conducive to improving the toughness and other physical and mechanical properties of the concrete matrix.

2. High temperature anti-knock mechanism

(1) Mechanism of action of low melting point fiber

According to the steam pressure mechanism of concrete bursting, the low-melting fiber (organic fiber with a melting point lower than 200-400°C) is used to soften, melt and burn at high temperature to form a channel connected to the concrete surface inside the concrete, so that there is It is conducive to the smooth removal of the gas generated inside the concrete, and prevents the tensile stress generated by the gas volume expansion from reaching the ultimate tensile strength of the specimen and causing bursting.

Utilizing the high dispersion of low aspect ratio fibers (organic fibers with a length of 3-8 mm), the polypropylene fibers are evenly distributed in the specimen, thereby effectively avoiding bursting caused by excessive vapor pressure in the local area of the specimen under high temperature . Secondly, high aspect ratio fibers (organic fibers with a length of 10-19mm) can form long-distance communication channels inside the cement stone under the condition of certain fiber diameter and content, which will help to eliminate high temperature in a large area. The generated gas reduces or avoids severe radial bursting of the concrete, which causes the steel bars inside the concrete to be exposed to high temperature environments.

(2) Mechanism of high melting point fiber

Utilizing the high melting point characteristics of metal fibers and their high elastic modulus and tensile strength characteristics, it can effectively resist the instantaneous tensile stress and shear stress generated by concrete under high temperature, and avoid the failure stress generated in a very short time to reach or exceed the concrete itself. The ultimate strength results in bursting. Secondly, when the concrete bursts, the metal fiber can restrain the bursting area of the concrete, reduce the bursting area, and maintain the integrity of the concrete.

3. Mechanism of high temperature pore-forming mineral admixture

At room temperature, the high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture can react with the Ca(OH) ₂ produced by cement hydration to form CSH gel, so that the pore structure of the cement stone and the interface area is refined, the porosity is reduced, and the corrosion resistance of concrete is improved. . In addition, the heat of hydration of concrete mixed with high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixtures is greatly reduced, which is beneficial to the durability of concrete. Under the effect of high temperature, because the high temperature pore-forming mineral admixture effectively reduces the Ca(OH) ₂ produced by cement hydration, it will weaken the vapor pressure generated when the concrete is heated. Moreover, the high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture undergoes physical and chemical changes at high temperatures, resulting in the formation of three-dimensional continuous channels in the original hardened cement stone structure system, which facilitates the timely migration of water in the hardened cement stone from the inside to the outside, and avoids local vapor pressure. High enough to reach or exceed the ultimate tensile or shear strength of cement-based composites and burst failure.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a photograph of the appearance of the test piece of the present invention at 600°C.

Fig. 3 is a photograph of the appearance of the test piece of the present invention at 800°C.

Fig. 4 is a photograph of the appearance of a test piece not mixed with the admixture of the present invention at 800°C.

Fig. 5(a) is a photograph of the bursting of the sample number 1 concrete specimen of embodiment 1.

Fig. 5(b) is a photograph of the bursting of the sample number 2 concrete specimen of Example 1.

Detailed ways

In order to better understand the present invention, the content of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the examples, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1:

A preparation method of a high temperature anti-explosion normal temperature anti-cracking mineral admixture, which comprises the following steps:

1) Preparation of volume-stabilizing components: select organic fibers with a length of 3 mm and organic fibers with a length of 12 mm, and mix them to obtain a volume-stabilizing component; wherein, the organic fibers with a length of 3 mm account for 30% of the volume of the volume-stabilizing component; The organic fiber is polypropylene fiber with a diameter of 20 μm and a melting point of 150-190°C;

2) According to the mass fraction of each component: high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture: volume-stabilizing component is 1:0.003, high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture: anti-knock toughening component is 1:0.5, and volume-stable components, anti-knock toughening components and high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixtures;

The anti-explosion toughening component is a metal fiber, the length of the metal fiber is 20mm, and the aspect ratio is 30;

The high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture is a substance that has a thermal history above 1200°C, a vitreous body content of more than 50%, a specific surface area of 4000-4500 cm ² /g, and its performance should meet the requirements of the GB/T 18736-2002 standard; The high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture is slag, and the high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture is dried and ground for use;

As shown in Figure 1, the volume stabilizing component and the high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture are firstly stirred evenly, and then the anti-knock toughening component is added and stirred evenly to obtain a high-temperature anti-knock, normal temperature and anti-crack mineral admixture product.

Prepare C50 concrete specimens according to the ratio in Table 1. Place the concrete specimens in a high-temperature furnace whose target temperature field reaches 800°C, and conduct instantaneous high-temperature heating. After heating until 15 minutes after the cracking sound of the concrete stops, take out the specimens.

The photo of the appearance of the test piece of the present invention at 600°C is shown in Figure 2, and the photo of the appearance of the test piece of the present invention at 800°C is shown in Figure 3. The photo of the appearance of the test piece without the admixture of the present invention at 800°C is shown in Figure 4. Figure 2 and Figure 3 illustrate that the admixture of the present invention inhibits the concrete from bursting when subjected to high temperature (≥600°C), effectively ensuring the integrity of the concrete specimen. Fig. 4 then shows that the concrete that does not join the admixture of the present invention has taken place comminution bursting under high temperature. The above results show that the high temperature anti-explosion and normal temperature anti-crack mineral admixture is helpful to improve the performance of concrete under high temperature.

Table 1 C50 concrete mix ratio (Kg/m ³ )

In order to describe the bursting degree of concrete specimens more comprehensively, the mass loss rate of concrete before and after high temperature, the number of bursting specimens, the bursting form, the average maximum bursting area and the maximum bursting depth were used to characterize. Among them, the bursting forms of concrete specimens are divided into three categories: partial peeling of the surface; peeling of corners and edges; fracture. The average maximum burst area is defined as the average value of the maximum burst area of each specimen in a group of concrete specimens, and the burst area is analyzed and calculated by using DT2000 image analysis software (V2.0) to analyze and calculate the digital photos of burst specimens.

Table 2 The degree of bursting of concrete specimens subjected to high temperature

It can be seen from Table 2 that the concrete (sample number 2) mixed with high-temperature anti-explosion and normal temperature anti-cracking mineral admixtures has the same test results in terms of mass loss rate, bursting specimen number, bursting form, average maximum bursting area and maximum bursting depth. It is better than the concrete (sample number 1) that is not mixed with the admixture of the present invention, and shows better ability to resist high temperature. Compared with the sample No. 1 in Fig. 5(a), the burst photo of sample No. 2 in Fig. 5(b) has a complete appearance, and the burst damage area is small, which shows that when preparing concrete, high temperature anti-explosion and normal temperature anti-explosion The addition of cracking mineral admixtures to concrete is beneficial to improve the anti-cracking high temperature performance of concrete.

Example 2:

A preparation method of a high temperature anti-explosion normal temperature anti-cracking mineral admixture, which comprises the following steps:

1) Preparation of volume-stabilizing components: select organic fibers with a length of 5 mm and organic fibers with a length of 19 mm, and mix them to obtain a volume-stabilizing component; wherein, the organic fibers with a length of 5 mm account for 30% of the volume of the volume-stabilizing component; The diameter of the organic fiber is 20 μm, and the organic fiber is a polyamide (PA) fiber;

2) According to the mass fraction of each component: high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture: volume-stabilizing component is 1:0.001, high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture: anti-knock toughening component is 1:0.8, and volume-stable components, anti-knock toughening components and high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixtures;

The anti-explosion toughening component is a metal fiber, the length of the metal fiber is 15mm, and the aspect ratio is 15;

The high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture is a substance that has a thermal history above 1200°C, a vitreous body content of more than 50%, a specific surface area of 4000-4500 cm ² /g, and its performance should meet the requirements of the GB/T 18736-2002 standard; The high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture is mineral powder; the high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture is dried, ground, and set aside;

Stir the volume stabilizing component and the high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture evenly, and then add the anti-explosion and toughening component and stir evenly to obtain a high-temperature, anti-explosion, normal-temperature, and anti-cracking mineral admixture product.

Example 3:

A preparation method of a high temperature anti-explosion normal temperature anti-cracking mineral admixture, which comprises the following steps:

1) Preparation of volume-stabilizing components: select organic fibers with a length of 3 mm and organic fibers with a length of 19 mm, and mix them to obtain a volume-stabilizing component; wherein, the organic fibers with a length of 3 mm account for 40% of the volume of the volume-stabilizing component; The diameter of the organic fiber is 20 μm, the 3mm organic fiber is a polypropylene fiber, and the 19mm organic fiber is a polyamide fiber;

2) According to the mass fraction of each component: high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture: volume-stable component is 1:0.002, high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture: anti-knock toughening component is 1:1, and volume-stable components, anti-knock toughening components and high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixtures;

The anti-explosion toughening component is a metal fiber, the length of the metal fiber is 30 mm, and the aspect ratio is 50;

The high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture is a substance that has a thermal history above 1200°C, a vitreous body content of more than 50%, a specific surface area of 4000-4500 cm ² /g, and its performance should meet the requirements of the GB/T 18736-2002 standard; The high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture is fly ash; the high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture is dried, ground, and set aside;

Stir the volume stabilizing component and the high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture evenly, and then add the anti-explosion and toughening component and stir evenly to obtain a high-temperature, anti-explosion, normal-temperature, and anti-cracking mineral admixture product.

Example 4:

A preparation method of a high temperature anti-explosion normal temperature anti-cracking mineral admixture, which comprises the following steps:

1) Preparation of volume-stabilizing components: select organic fibers with a length of 8 mm and organic fibers with a length of 10 mm, and mix them to obtain volume-stabilizing components; wherein, the diameter of the organic fibers is 30 μm, and the organic fibers with a length of 8 mm account for the volume-stabilizing group 30% of sub-volume; Described organic fiber is polyvinyl formal (PVA) fiber;

2) According to the mass fraction of each component: high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture: volume-stabilizing component is 1:0.01, high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture: anti-explosion toughening component is 1:1.5, and volume-stable components, anti-knock toughening components and high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixtures;

The anti-explosion toughening component is a metal fiber, the length of the metal fiber is 30 mm, and the aspect ratio is 50;

The high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture is a substance that has a thermal history above 1200°C, a vitreous body content of more than 50%, a specific surface area of 4000-4500 cm ² /g, and its performance should meet the requirements of the GB/T 18736-2002 standard; The high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture is steel slag, and the high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture is dried and ground for use;

Stir the volume stabilizing component and the high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture evenly, and then add the anti-explosion and toughening component and stir evenly to obtain a high-temperature, anti-explosion, normal-temperature, and anti-cracking mineral admixture product.

Example 5:

A preparation method of a high temperature anti-explosion normal temperature anti-cracking mineral admixture, which comprises the following steps:

1) Preparation of volume-stabilizing components: select organic fibers with a length of 3 mm and organic fibers with a length of 10 mm, and mix them to obtain volume-stabilizing components; wherein, the diameter of the organic fibers is 15 μm, and the organic fibers with a length of 3 mm account for the volume-stabilizing group 30% of the sub-volume; the organic fibers with a length of 3mm are polyvinyl formal (PVA) fibers and high-strength and high-modulus polyethylene (PE) fibers, each accounting for 1/2 of the volume of the organic fibers with a length of 3mm; The organic fibers with a length of 10 mm are polypropylene (PP) fibers and polyamide (PA) fibers, each accounting for 1/2 of the volume of the organic fibers with a length of 10 mm;

2) According to the mass fraction of each component: high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture: volume-stabilizing component is 1:0.001, high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture: anti-knock toughening component is 1:0.5, and volume-stable components, anti-knock toughening components and high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixtures;

The anti-explosion toughening component is a metal fiber, the length of the metal fiber is 15mm, and the aspect ratio is 15;

The high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture is a substance that has a thermal history above 1200°C, a vitreous body content of more than 50%, a specific surface area of 4000-4500 cm ² /g, and its performance should meet the requirements of the GB/T 18736-2002 standard; The high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture is mineral powder and fly ash, both of which account for 1/2 of the mass of the high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture;

Stir the volume stabilizing component and the high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture evenly, and then add the anti-explosion and toughening component and stir evenly to obtain a high-temperature, anti-explosion, normal-temperature, and anti-cracking mineral admixture product.

Embodiment 6:

A preparation method of a high temperature anti-explosion normal temperature anti-cracking mineral admixture, which comprises the following steps:

1) Preparation of volume-stabilizing components: select organic fibers with a length of 8 mm and organic fibers with a length of 19 mm, and mix them to obtain volume-stabilizing components; wherein, the organic fibers are polypropylene (PP) fibers with a diameter of 15 μm and a length of 8mm organic fibers account for 70% of the volume of the volume stabilization component;

2) According to the mass fraction of each component: high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture: volume-stabilizing component is 1:0.01, high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture: anti-explosion toughening component is 1:1.5, and volume-stable components, anti-knock toughening components and high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixtures;

The anti-explosion toughening component is a metal fiber, the length of the metal fiber is 30mm, and the aspect ratio is 15;

The high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture is a substance that has a thermal history above 1200°C, a vitreous body content of more than 50%, a specific surface area of 4000-4500 cm ² /g, and its performance should meet the requirements of the GB/T 18736-2002 standard; The high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture is steel slag, and the high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture is dried and ground for use;

Stir the volume stabilizing component and the high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture evenly, and then add the anti-explosion and toughening component and stir evenly to obtain a high-temperature, anti-explosion, normal-temperature, and anti-cracking mineral admixture product.

Claims (5)

1. A high-temperature, anti-explosion, normal-temperature, and anti-cracking mineral admixture is characterized in that it is formed by mixing a volume-stabilizing component, an anti-explosion toughening component and a high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture, and the mass fraction of each component is It is: high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture: volume-stabilizing component is 1:0.001-0.01, high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture: anti-explosion toughening component is 1:0.5-1.5; The volume stabilizing component is composed of organic fibers with a length of 3 to 8 mm and organic fibers with a length of 10 to 19 mm. The diameter of the organic fibers is 15 to 30 μm, and the organic fibers with a length of 3 to 8 mm account for 10% of the volume of the volume stabilizing component. 30-70%; The anti-explosion toughening component is a metal fiber, the length of the metal fiber is 15-30 mm, and the aspect ratio is 15-50; The high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture is a material with a thermal history above 1200°C, a vitreous body content of more than 50%, a specific surface area of 4000-4500 cm ² /g, and properties that meet the requirements of the GB/T 18736-2002 standard. 2. A high-temperature, anti-explosion, room-temperature, and anti-cracking mineral admixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: the organic fiber has a melting point of 150-190°C and an ignition point of 500-600°C. 3. A kind of high temperature anti-explosion normal temperature anti-crack mineral admixture according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described organic fiber is polypropylene fiber, polyamide fiber, polyvinyl formal fiber, high-strength and high-modulus fiber Any one or any two or more of the polyethylene fibers can be mixed, and any two or more of them can be mixed in any proportion. 4. A high-temperature anti-explosion, normal-temperature, and anti-crack mineral admixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture is any one of furnace slag, steel slag, mineral powder, and fly ash A mixture of any two or more, any two or more are mixed in any proportion. 5. the preparation method of a kind of high temperature anti-explosion normal temperature anti-crack mineral admixture as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that it comprises the steps: 1) Preparation of volume stable components: select organic fibers with a length of 3 to 8 mm and organic fibers with a length of 10 to 19 mm, and mix them to obtain a volume stable component; wherein, the diameter of the organic fibers is 15 to 30 μm, and the length is 3 to 19 mm. 8mm organic fibers account for 30-70% of the volume of the volume stabilization component; 2) According to the mass fraction of each component: high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture: volume-stabilizing component is 1:0.001-0.01, high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture: anti-knock toughening component is 1:0.5-1.5 , selecting volume stabilizing components, anti-explosion toughening components and high temperature pore-forming mineral admixtures; The anti-explosion toughening component is a metal fiber, the length of the metal fiber is 15-30 mm, and the aspect ratio is 15-50; The high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture is a substance that has a thermal history above 1200°C, a vitreous body content of more than 50%, a specific surface area of 4000-4500 cm ² /g, and its performance should meet the requirements of the GB/T 18736-2002 standard; Stir the volume stabilizing component and the high-temperature pore-forming mineral admixture evenly, and then add the anti-explosion and toughening component and stir evenly to obtain a high-temperature, anti-explosion, normal-temperature, and anti-cracking mineral admixture product.

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