The sharp effervescent tablet of one stud bird land used gram pearl
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a stud bird and use anticoccidial drug---the effervescent tablet that a kind of usefulness diclazuril soluble powder of the present invention is made.
(2) background technology
Coccidiosis is a kind of disease common in the livestock and poultry breeding industry, and particularly for aviculture, annual coccidiosis all can cause great harm to aviculture, so the control of the coccidiosis person's that always is subjected to the livestock and poultry cultivation attention.At present the method for adding anticoccidial drug in feedstuff is adopted in the prevention of coccidiosis more, in feedstuff, add the generation that anticoccidial drug can prevent coccidiosis to a certain extent.But when coccidiosis breaks out, the action effect that the interpolation anticoccidial drug is treated in feedstuff is but also bad, main cause is because the present used feedstuff of birds generally is particulate material, when in pellet, sneaking into anticoccidial drug, feed granules is bigger because the anticoccidial drug consumption is few, thereby be difficult to mix homogeneously and inconvenient operation.Treating coccidiosis by adding anticoccidial drug in livestock and fowl drinking water is a kind of method preferably.Diclazuril belongs to chlorine piperazine benzene acetonitrile class poultry and uses anticoccidial drug, have characteristics efficient, low toxicity, it is one of best anticoccidial drug of present consumption maximum, effect, but because the water-fast characteristic of diclazuril, it can not form effective dispersion when carrying out the coccidiosis treatment by the mode of drinking-water in drinking-water, so action effect is undesirable.
Because alkaline matter has hydrotropy effect preferably to diclazuril, Yao Weimin etc. (1997) have reported and have utilized hydrotropy to develop the diclazuril drinking agent, the diclazuril drinking agent PH that it obtains is 7~8, and the pH value of chicken gastric is 2~4, in PH7~8 o'clock dissolved diclazuril drinking agent at pH value crystallization again again in 2~4 o'clock, diclazuril behind the recrystallization still can't effectively play a role in the chicken body, and the transportation of diclazuril drinking agent and the equal inconvenience of storage.
Qiu Jiajun etc. (2003) report dissolves diclazuril with alkali liquor earlier, utilize spray-dired method to produce the diclazuril soluble powder then, but the soluble powder that this method is produced is middle meta-alkalescence, external dissolubility preferably arranged, but be also can crystallization in 2~4 the chicken stomach time by pH value, be unfavorable for the performance of diclazuril effect, and basic solvent can affect to the stability of diclazuril.
Dai Shucheng etc. (2004) report adopts alkalescence and acid cosolvent, adds the method production diclazuril soluble powder of adjuvant simultaneously, and the pH that obtains containing the soluble powder solution of alkaline hydrotropy thing is 7.2~9.0; The pH that contains the soluble powder solution of acid hydrotropy thing is 4.5~6.8.But the method is the dissolubility that changes diclazuril by the adjusting pH value equally, the change of gastrointestinal tract environment pH value of not considering chicken is also considered the influence of the hydrotropy thing of acid and alkalescence to diclazuril stability to the deliquescent influence of the diclazuril soluble powder produced.
The little equality of horse (2004) report adopts the method for beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound to improve the solubility of diclazuril, but can the diclazuril behind the enclose have higher dissolution in intestinal be an important problem, because Benexate Hydrochloride solution degree is less, dissolution velocity is slower, and under acid condition, open loop takes place in beta-schardinger dextrin-easily, thereby makes the diclazuril precipitation.Said method is all having certain effect aspect the dissolubility of diclazuril improving, but certain limitation is all arranged, and wherein Zui Da problem is the bioavailability of diclazuril not to be combined with the digestive physiology of birds.
(3) summary of the invention
The present invention will solve is how the bioavailability of diclazuril to be combined with the digestive physiology of birds, make diclazuril can give full play to the problem of effectiveness, provide a kind of fowl soluble in water, easy to use, that action effect is good to use the anticoccidial drug product at the birds gastrointestinal---the effervescent tablet made from diclazuril soluble powder of the present invention.
Diclazuril soluble powder of the present invention can be processed into effervescent tablet, and described diclazuril effervescent tablet mainly is made up of the raw material of weight components:
5~20 parts of diclazuril soluble powders
20~40 parts of medicinal acceptable acid disintegrating agents
20~40 parts of medicinal acceptable alkaline disintegrating agents
30~50 parts of filleies
0.5~5 part of binding agent;
Described diclazuril soluble powder is made up of 1~5 weight portion diclazuril and 9~20 weight account polyethylene ketopyrrolidines, and wherein diclazuril is dispersed in the polyvinylpyrrolidone with molecularity;
Described diclazuril soluble powder prepares as follows: the dimethyl formamide that the diclazuril and the polyvinylpyrrolidone of group component is dissolved in 20~50 weight portions altogether, drying under reduced pressure is removed dimethyl formamide, obtain diclazuril and polyvinylpyrrolidone coprecipitate, stand at low temperature becomes fragile until described coprecipitate, powder process, cross 30~80 mesh sieves, promptly get the diclazuril soluble powder.
Particularly, medicinally accept acid disintegrating agent and can be citric acid or fumaric acid, the medicinal alkali disintegrating agent of accepting can be sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate, filler is glucose or soluble starch, binding agent is a polyvinylpyrrolidone, described polyvinylpyrrolidone is earlier with the ethanol more than 95% during use, makes the alcoholic solution that mass content is 5~10% polyvinylpyrrolidone as dehydrated alcohol, 95% dissolvings such as industrial alcohol.
Further, described diclazuril effervescent tablet can be made up of the raw material of weight components:
5~20 parts of diclazuril soluble powders
20~40 parts of citric acids
20~40 parts of sodium bicarbonate
30~50 parts of glucoses
0.5~5 part of polyvinylpyrrolidone.
Described polyvinylpyrrolidone makes the alcoholic solution that mass content is 5~10% polyvinylpyrrolidone with the dissolve with ethanol more than 95% during use.
The preparation method of described diclazuril effervescent tablet is as follows: with the diclazuril soluble powder of group component and citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, glucose mix homogeneously, then the polyvinylpyrrolidone of group component is made the alcoholic solution that mass content is 5~10% polyvinylpyrrolidone with the dissolve with ethanol more than 95%, alcoholic solution moistening pelletize with 5~10% polyvinylpyrrolidones, dry, granulate, tabletting promptly gets the diclazuril effervescent tablet.
Perhaps, described diclazuril effervescent tablet also can be made up of the raw material of weight components:
5~20 parts of diclazuril soluble powders
20~40 parts of citric acids
20~40 parts of sodium bicarbonate
30~50 parts of soluble starches
0.5~5 part of polyvinylpyrrolidone
Described polyvinylpyrrolidone equally makes the alcoholic solution that mass content is 5~10% polyvinylpyrrolidone with the dissolve with ethanol more than 95% during use.
Preparation method is similar to the above, just changes raw materials of glucose into soluble starch.
In addition, also can change citric acid into fumaric acid in the scheme, sodium bicarbonate becomes sodium carbonate.
Further, described diclazuril effervescent tablet can be made up of the raw material of weight components:
10~15 parts of diclazuril soluble powders
30~40 parts of citric acids
20~30 parts of sodium bicarbonate
30~40 parts of glucoses
1~3 part of polyvinylpyrrolidone
Most preferably, described diclazuril effervescent tablet is made up of the raw material of weight components:
10 parts of diclazuril soluble powders
30 parts of citric acids
25 parts of sodium bicarbonate
32 parts of glucoses
3 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidones;
Above-mentioned diclazuril effervescent tablet prepares as follows: with the diclazuril soluble powder of group component and citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, glucose mix homogeneously, then the polyvinylpyrrolidone of group component is made the alcoholic solution that mass content is 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone with anhydrous alcohol solution, the alcoholic solution moistening pelletize of polyvinylpyrrolidone with 10%, cold wind is flung to ethanol, make granule, drying, granulate then, tabletting promptly gets the diclazuril effervescent tablet.
The present invention adopts solid dispersion technology that the diclazuril of slightly solubility is dispersed in the polyvinylpyrrolidone of solubility, adopt rational processing method that diclazuril is dispersed in the polyvinylpyrrolidone with molecularity, obtain the diclazuril soluble powder, the diclazuril soluble powder of producing by the method has the advantage of three aspects:
The one, the carrier material polyvinylpyrrolidone has good dissolubility, and its dissolubility can not be subjected to the influence of gastro-intestinal Fluid pH value, surrounded by the carrier polyvinylpyrrolidone of solubility around the diclazuril, make the diclazuril of slightly solubility have good wettability, after meeting gastro-intestinal Fluid, the very fast dissolving of polyvinylpyrrolidone, diclazuril is wetted, and dissolution rate improves greatly.
The 2nd, diclazuril is dispersed in the polyvinylpyrrolidone of solubility uniformly with molecularity, when polyvinylpyrrolidone dissolves in the birds body, diclazuril becomes molecularity and plays a role, and its action effect can be given full play to, from truly having realized the dissolving of diclazuril.
The 3rd, the polyvinylpyrrolidone of suitable proportion has guaranteed the high dispersion of diclazuril, when diclazuril is dispersed in the polyvinylpyrrolidone, because the diclazuril of high degree of dispersion is surrounded by enough polyvinylpyrrolidonemolecules molecules, make the diclazuril molecule be difficult for forming aggregation, be difficult for aging, so guaranteed the high dispersion of diclazuril, accelerated diclazuril stripping, improved its bioavailability.
The diclazuril soluble powder of preparing by method of the present invention has the dissolution rate height, the advantage that bioavailability is high, effervescent tablet is to be a kind of tablet that disintegrating agent is made with the effervescent material, in water, can produce a large amount of bubbles, and can dissolve within a short period of time, it is fast to have drug effect, the characteristics that bioavailability is high, the diclazuril soluble powder of producing by the present invention is processed into effervescent tablet and can further improve its action effect, and use effervescent tablet to have and transport and preserve conveniently, advantage such as need not carry out that weighing can directly be used, be suitable for the prevention that peasant household and plant carry out coccidiosis, thereby have vast market prospect.
(4) specific embodiments
Further set forth technical scheme of the present invention with specific embodiment below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
Get diclazuril 5 gram and 45 gram polyvinylpyrrolidones are dissolved in 100 milliliters of dimethyl formamides altogether, heat to make its whole dissolvings.Solution is carried out drying under reduced pressure in the drying under reduced pressure case, remove dimethyl formamide, obtain solids 50 grams.Be statically placed in the reach in freezer 24 hours, it become fragile, pulverized 30 mesh sieves then, the diclazuril soluble powder.With 50 gram diclazuril soluble powders and citric acid 150 grams, sodium bicarbonate 100 grams and soluble starch 195 grams of gained, with 100 milliliters of moistening pelletizes of alcoholic solution of 5% polyvinylpyrrolidone, cold wind is flung to ethanol, make 500 gram granules, granulate is pressed into 150 then, and sheet weighs 3.3 grams.
Embodiment 2
Get diclazuril 20 gram and 80 gram polyvinylpyrrolidones are dissolved in 150 milliliters of dimethyl formamides altogether, heat to make its whole dissolvings.Solution is carried out drying under reduced pressure in the drying under reduced pressure case, remove dimethyl formamide, obtain solids 100 grams.Be statically placed in the reach in freezer 24 hours, it become fragile, pulverized 40 mesh sieves then, the diclazuril soluble powder.With 100 gram diclazuril soluble powders and citric acid 300 grams, sodium bicarbonate 250 grams and glucose 300 grams of gained, with 500 milliliters of moistening pelletizes of alcoholic solution of 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone, cold wind is flung to ethanol, make 1000 gram granules, granulate is pressed into 300 then, and sheet weighs 3.3 grams.
Embodiment 3
Get diclazuril 30 gram and 70 gram polyvinylpyrrolidones are dissolved in 200 milliliters of dimethyl formamides altogether, heat to make its whole dissolvings.Solution is carried out drying under reduced pressure in the drying under reduced pressure case, remove dimethyl formamide, obtain solids 100 grams.Be statically placed in the reach in freezer 24 hours, it become fragile, pulverized 60 mesh sieves then, the diclazuril soluble powder.With 100 gram diclazuril soluble powders and fumaric acid 300 grams, sodium carbonate 250 grams and glucose 320 grams of gained, with 300 milliliters of moistening pelletizes of alcoholic solution of 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone, cold wind is flung to ethanol, make 1000 gram granules, granulate is pressed into 200 then, and sheet weighs 5 grams.
Embodiment 4
Get diclazuril 25 gram and 75 gram polyvinylpyrrolidones are dissolved in 250 milliliters of dimethyl formamides altogether, heat to make its whole dissolvings.Solution is carried out drying under reduced pressure in the drying under reduced pressure case, remove dimethyl formamide, obtain solids 100 grams.Be statically placed in the reach in freezer 24 hours, it become fragile, be crushed to 80 orders then, the diclazuril soluble powder.With 100 gram diclazuril soluble powders and fumaric acid 350 grams, sodium carbonate 200 grams and soluble starch 340 grams of gained, with 100 milliliters of moistening pelletizes of alcoholic solution of 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone, cold wind is flung to ethanol, make 1000 gram granules, granulate is pressed into 200 then, and sheet weighs 5 grams.
Embodiment 5
Get diclazuril 25 gram and 75 gram polyvinylpyrrolidones are dissolved in 200 milliliters of dimethyl formamides altogether, heat to make its whole dissolvings.Solution is carried out drying under reduced pressure in the drying under reduced pressure case, remove dimethyl formamide, obtain solids 100 grams.Be statically placed in the reach in freezer 24 hours, it become fragile, pulverized 60 mesh sieves then, the diclazuril soluble powder.With 100 gram diclazuril soluble powders and citric acid 300 grams, sodium bicarbonate 250 grams and glucose 320 grams of gained, with 300 milliliters of moistening pelletizes of alcoholic solution of 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone, cold wind is flung to ethanol, make 1000 gram granules, granulate is pressed into 200 then, and sheet weighs 5 grams.
The dissolution of embodiment 6 diclazuril effervescent tablets detects:
Test one, the dissolution determination of different diclazuril products in water
1.1 instrument and material: adopt Hewlett-Packard's 1100 type chromatograph of liquid (G1322A detector).Diclazuril standard substance content is 99.9%, is provided by China Veterinery Drug Inspection Office.
1.2 experimental condition:
1.2.1 chromatographic condition: octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica is a filler, and acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid solution (57: 43) is a mobile phase, and the detection wavelength is 280nm, and theoretical cam curve is calculated with diclazuril and is not less than 1500.
2.3 the preparation of need testing solution: get the diclazuril effervescent tablet an amount of (being equivalent to diclazuril 10mg approximately) that the diclazuril soluble powder an amount of (being equivalent to diclazuril 10mg approximately), diclazuril drinking agent an amount of (being equivalent to diclazuril 10mg approximately), the embodiment 1 that are bought by market produce, the diclazuril effervescent tablet an amount of (being equivalent to diclazuril 10mg approximately) that embodiment 2 produces, precision weighing, put in the tool plug conical flask, precision adds entry to 100ml, magnetic agitation 15 minutes, left standstill respectively 1 hour, 5 hours and 12 hours, and got supernatant and measure.
2.4 the preparation of standard solution: it is an amount of to get the diclazuril reference substance, and precision weighing adds dimethyl formamide and makes the solution that concentration is 0.1mg/ml, shakes up, promptly.
2.5 measure: precision is measured standard solution and each 20ul of need testing solution, injects chromatograph of liquid, the record chromatogram calculates by external standard method, and content results is as follows:
The dissolution determination result of the different diclazuril products of table 1 in aqueous solution
The result of test shows: the dissolubility of diclazuril effervescent tablet in water that makes by the present invention is higher than commercial diclazuril soluble powder and diclazuril drinking agent.The stability of diclazuril soluble powder and diclazuril drinking agent descends along with time of repose, and by the diclazuril effervescent tablet that the present invention makes good dissolubility is arranged in water, and can long-time stable existence in aqueous solution.
Test two, the dissolution determination of different diclazuril products in intestinal
The main position that diclazuril plays a role in the birds body is small intestinal and caecum, therefore only can stablize its anticoccidial effect of diclazuril product competence exertion that discharges in intestinal, the in-vitro simulated method of this test employing is measured the dissolution in the intestinal of various diclazuril products.
1.1 the preparation of diclazuril sample: get the diclazuril soluble powder of buying by market an amount of (being equivalent to diclazuril 10mg approximately), diclazuril drinking agent an amount of (being equivalent to diclazuril 10mg approximately), the diclazuril effervescent tablet that embodiment 1 produces an amount of (being equivalent to diclazuril 10mg approximately), the diclazuril effervescent tablet that embodiment 2 produces an amount of (being equivalent to diclazuril 10mg approximately), precision weighing, put in the tool plug conical flask, the accurate simulated gastric fluid 25ml that adds, 41 ℃ of continuous stirring 2 hours, regulate PH to 6.8 (simulation simulated intestinal fluid) then rapidly, 41 ℃ of continuous stirring 4 hours, filter, get filtrate mensuration.
1.2 the preparation of test apparatus, chromatographic condition, standard solution and assay method are with test one, result of the test such as table 2.
The dissolution determination result of the different diclazuril products of table 2 in intestinal
Result of the test shows: by diclazuril effervescent tablet strippings in a large number in intestinal that method of the present invention is produced, dissolution is very high, helps the action effect performance of diclazuril.And commercially available diclazuril soluble powder and diclazuril drinking agent can produce precipitation in simulated gastric fluid, precipitate stripping again in simulated intestinal fluid, and therefore the dissolution in intestinal is very low, is unfavorable for the performance of diclazuril action effect.
Embodiment 7 diclazuril born of the same parents rise the anticoccidial effect of sheet
Select the Avian broiler for use, promptly transport laboratory back after going out shell, raise in strictness and kill in the cage tool of egg capsule to 10 ages in days, before the test through stool examination non-ball worm egg capsule.Select 180 chickens during the 11st age in days, by only weighing, wear foot number, be divided into 6 groups then at random, every group 30, the initial body weight basically identical of every group of test chicken, negative control group does not infect not administration of coccidiosis, positive controls infects not administration of coccidiosis, testing 1 group adopts commercially available diclazuril soluble powder to carry out smelting treatment (the diclazuril consumption is a 1mg/kg water), adopt commercially available diclazuril drinking agent to treat (the diclazuril consumption is a 1mg/kg water) after testing 2 groups of infection coccidiosiss, adopt the diclazuril effervescent tablet of producing by embodiment 1 to treat (the diclazuril consumption is a 1mg/kg water) after testing 3 groups of infection coccidiosiss, adopt the diclazuril effervescent tablet of being produced by embodiment 2 to treat (the diclazuril consumption is a 1mg/kg water) after testing 4 groups of infection coccidiosiss, experimental period is 9 days.Write down spirit, appetite, drinking-water, hemafecia situation, morbidity chicken and the death toll of chicken every day at duration of test, the bright cause of the death of inspection is weighed, cutd open to chicken dead behind the artificial challenge, all weigh in the time of the 9th day to cut open and kill, observe caecum lesion, get cecal content, calculate gram excrement egg sac number, and carry out caecum lesion and keep the score.More than test is pressed similarity condition and is repeated 2 times.Do not feed other any medicine at duration of test.Anticoccidial effect is evaluated with anticoccidial index (ACI).ACI=(the relative weight gain rate+survival rate)-(pathological changes value+egg capsule value), criterion are that ACI>180 are efficient, and 160~180 is middle effect, and<160 is poor efficiency, and<120 is invalid.Result of the test is as follows:
The anticoccidial effect of table 3, diclazuril effervescent tablet (test for the first time)
The anticoccidial effect of table 4, diclazuril effervescent tablet (test for the second time)
The anticoccidial effect of table 5, diclazuril effervescent tablet (test for the third time)
Result of the test shows: test 3 groups of anticoccidial indexes (ACI) with 4 groups of tests and be significantly higher than 1 group of test and 2 groups (p<0.05) of test.The action effect that the coccidiosis of diclazuril effervescent tablet treatment broiler of the present invention is described significantly is better than commercially available diclazuril soluble powder and diclazuril drinking agent.And the diclazuril effervescent tablet has and carries and advantage easy to use, therefore more meets the demand of supporting the fowl Producer.