CN101156944A - 防治神经精神疾病和损伤的神经干细胞裂解液 - Google Patents
防治神经精神疾病和损伤的神经干细胞裂解液 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及防治神经精神疾病和损伤的神经干细胞裂解液的制备及其药用。胚胎神经干细胞分离自胎脑,成年神经干细胞分离自成年动物的神经组织。神经干细胞经超声波破碎后过滤制得神经干细胞裂解液的无细胞滤液。神经干细胞裂解液的无细胞滤液含已知的和未知的神经干细胞因子。这些已知和/或未知的神经干细胞因子具有使神经干细胞增殖、迁移、分化的潜能。神经干细胞裂解液诱导胚胎干细胞向神经干细胞分化。神经干细胞裂解液对小鼠兴奋毒性脑损伤、脑偏瘫,大鼠Meynert基底核损毁所致的阿尔茨海默氏病、小鼠和大鼠帕金森病、大鼠嗅球切除所致的抑郁症和新生大鼠缺氧缺血脑损伤模型,都具有与神经干细胞移植相似的治疗效果。
Description
发明背景
神经精神疾病,如神经系统发育障碍、神经退行性疾病、周围神经疾病、癫痫、儿童注意力缺陷多动症、抑郁症、神经官能症和精神分裂症等,以及脑缺氧缺血和中枢、周围神经损伤,已经发展成为人类公共卫生的重大难题之一。
神经退行性疾病,包括阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease)、帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease)、亨廷顿舞蹈病(Huntington’s chorea)、HIV-相关的痴呆、多发性硬化、肌萎缩性侧索硬化、青光眼等,其病程缓慢,呈进行性发展,主要病理表现为神经元的大量丧失。随着人口的老龄化,神经退行性疾病,特别是阿尔茨海默病的发病率日渐升高。
预防和治疗阿尔茨海默病的药物有胆碱能前体物质,胆碱酯酶抑制剂、胆碱能激动剂、儿茶酚胺类药物、5-羟色胺能药物、多种类型的神经递质、神经肽类鸦片类拮抗剂(如纳络酮)、抗氧化剂和神经保护剂、神经营养物、激素(如他克林、雌激素)、代谢增强药、生物膜调节剂、抗炎药、解毒剂、抗淀粉样蛋白药物等,中药有效成分如石杉碱甲、银杏叶提取物、儿茶酸、芹菜甲素、人参皂苷、绞股兰皂苷等。但迄今为止,尚没有任何药物、任何疗法取得满意的疗效。因此,寻找新的有效预防和治疗阿尔茨海默病的疗法或药物是一项迫切的任务。
儿童注意力缺陷多动症(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)以多动、注意力不集中、参与事件能力差为主要症状,并伴有冲动任性、情绪不稳定和各种行为障碍(如逃学、说谎、偷窃、打架)等表现,但智力基本正常为其特点。患儿亦常出现不同程度的人格缺陷、社会适应能力下降和学习困难。14岁以下儿童的患病率为7%~9%,半数患儿小于4岁发病,男∶女为4~6∶1。鉴于ADHD对儿童身心健康成长的严重危害,已经引起教育、医务工作者,心理学家等社会各界的普遍关注。
ADHD的病因尚不清楚,目前也无好的预防措施。至于ADHD的治疗,临床常用的有利太林(Retalin)又称哌醋甲酯(methylphenidate)、地昔帕明(去甲丙咪嗪)、苯丙胺、苯异妥英(pemoline)又称匹莫林、三环类抗抑郁药如丙咪嗪等药物。然而,上述药物的疗效殊不能令人满意,更重要的是它们都有不同程度的毒副作用,如广泛使用的地昔帕明,就有中毒致死的病例,而利太林则被美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)列为与鸦片、可待因、吗啡等同的二类限制药品,三环类抗抑郁药可导致心电图改变,苯异妥因的副作用有失眠、厌食、体重下降等。利太利、苯丙胺的不良反应则是应激性升高、抽搐、厌食、腹痛和失眠。总之,目前还没有预防和治疗ADHD的安全、有效、可靠的药物,开发防治ADHD的新药是医药界的一项迫切任务。
抑郁症(depression)的特征性症状是:悲观心境,自身感觉很坏;睡眠障碍,失眠或早醒;食欲很差,动力不足;缺乏活力,兴趣和愉快感消失;自责自罪,消极想死;体重下降;性欲降低。抑郁症常有便秘、各种疼痛,焦虑、恐怖的申诉,疑惑或强迫症状很普遍,抑郁性的先占观念尤为常见。抑郁症可分为原发性抑郁症(双相或单相抑郁症)和继发性抑郁症(继发于其他精神疾病或躯体疾病)。
抑郁症正成为全球第五大疾病,预计到2020年,将跃升为第二大疾病,并将成为致命疾病。世界卫生组织已将抑郁症、癌症及艾滋病并列为21世纪的三大疾病及卫生教育预防重点工作。镇静剂或安眠药,副作用大,容易造成药物依赖,治疗效果也不好,不适用于抑郁症。目前流行的抗抑郁症药物,包括有名的Prozac(氟西汀)、Celexa(西普兰)和Effexor(怡诺思),都得在服用几周后才开始见效,而且有副作用,其中包括降低性功能等。此外,这些药对大约三分之一的病人不起作用。血清素调节剂属新一代抗抑郁药,效果较好且副作用小,但国内尚未生产。
脑组织不能储存能量,也不能进行糖的无氧酵解,因此其对氧和血供的要求特别高。缺氧缺血4分钟即可造成神经元的死亡。脑缺血的组织病理学变化在缺血12小时以后才较明显:神经元出现中央性Nissl小体溶解和坏死(红色神经元);髓鞘和轴突崩解。脑缺氧缺血、创伤及再灌注损伤引起脑细胞死亡,再灌注损伤主要与Ca2+超载和氧自由基损伤有关。谷氨酸通过激活NMDA(N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor)受体等途径引起细胞内Ca2+超载,进而诱导氧自由基生成,在脑缺氧缺血及创伤等中枢神经系统损伤过程中起重要作用。高氧液用于脑血管病的治疗。高氧液使脑组织和脑脊液氧含量增加,有利于改善脑缺氧缺血,促进意识状态和肢体功能的恢复。谷氨酸受体拮抗剂及通过多种途径拮抗谷氨酸兴奋毒性的抑制性递质γ-氨基丁酸(Gamma-aminobutyricacid,GABA),可使突触后神经元处于保护性抑制状态,减少缺血区域神经元的死亡,从而对脑缺血性损伤产生保护效应。
先天遗传和围产期一些原因所引起的各种脑疾病,是由于神经系统发育受阻,神经细胞参加脑的功能活动数量不足,或神经细胞发育不良、神经元功能低下所致。中老年人因脑的老化、退化所引起的神经系统退行性改变,如脑萎缩、老年性痴呆、帕金森氏病等,均属脑神经细胞功能减退、过早凋亡所致,但受损伤神经细胞并没有完全死亡,一部分受损细胞处于半死亡状态,称之为“休眠状态”。由于中枢神经系统具有一定的再生能力,只要我们给这些受损神经细胞通过脑的各个环节提供营养,改善缺氧缺血状态和代谢障碍,增加磷脂类等营养物质,就可促进残存神经元的再生及恢复功能,提高神经细胞活性及对外界刺激的敏感性,使处于休眠状态的神经细胞和受损的神经细胞重新复活。
20世纪80年代以前一般把“脑细胞在成熟后只有死亡不会再生”或“中枢神经细胞没有再生能力”列为哺乳动物中枢神经系统的基础特征。但20世纪80年代以后,学者们先后发现纹状体、丘脑、黑质、皮层腹侧区、未定区、海马区、杏仁区、屏状核、室区、嗅觉区、延髓等不同部位的脑神经元都可以再生。因此,关于中枢神经元保持一定程度的再生能力就已经没有什么疑问了。
自20世纪90年代初提出神经干细胞的概念以后,神经干细胞在治疗人类神经系统发育障碍、中枢神经损伤、神经退行性疾病等各种疾病中的潜在作用成为人们关注的焦点。成年动物和人中枢神经系统中的干细胞可增殖并分化为神经系统中的各种细胞。神经干细胞移植后能在宿主的神经组织中生存、增殖、迁移、整合及分化。神经干细胞移植是修复和代替受损脑组织的有效方法。移植到帕金森病模型鼠脑的神经干细胞,在其脑组织中迁移并修复损毁的鼠脑组织,且震颤症状亦明显减轻。鼠胚胎干细胞移植入瘫痪鼠体内,恢复鼠的行走能力。神经干细胞移植治疗小儿脑瘫已有成功的病例。成人神经干细胞自体移植已试用于临床。移植神经干细胞培养增殖体系已经建立。
神经干细胞产生一些神经干细胞因子(neural stem cell factors),这些神经干细胞因子有的是已知的,如神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)和表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)等,有的则是未知的。这些已知和未知的神经干细胞因子具有使神经干细胞增殖、迁移、分化的潜能。
发明概要
本发明涉及神经干细胞裂解液的无细胞滤液及其制备方法。
本发明涉及神经干细胞裂解液的无细胞滤液的药物组合物及其制备方法,该药物组合物包括神经干细胞裂解液的无细胞滤液和可药用的载体。
本发明涉及神经干细胞裂解液的无细胞滤液作为预防和治疗多种神经精神疾病和神经损伤以及脑缺氧缺血的药物的用途。
本发明涉及神经干细胞裂解液的无细胞滤液的药物组合物作为预防和治疗多种神经精神疾病和神经损伤以及脑缺氧缺血的药物的用途。
本发明涉及神经干细胞因子作为预防和治疗多种神经精神疾病和神经损伤以及脑缺氧缺血的药物的用途。
本发明涉及神经干细胞因子的药物组合物作为预防和治疗多种神经精神疾病和神经损伤以及脑缺氧缺血的药物的用途。
神经干细胞裂解液的无细胞滤液或神经干细胞因子可在实验室或工厂制备后即刻供临床使用,或以液体形式短期冷藏(4℃)保存后供临床使用,或较长时间冷冻(-20,-80℃)保存,应用时再解冻。神经干细胞裂解液的无细胞滤液或神经干细胞因子可与可药用的载体,如乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇、盐酸普鲁卡因、盐酸利多卡因及抗坏血酸等,混合或溶解,按各生物制品工艺制备药物。神经干细胞裂解液的无细胞滤液或神经干细胞因子也可分装安瓿,冷藏或冷冻保存。神经干细胞裂解液的无细胞滤液或神经干细胞因子制剂还可冷冻干燥后冷藏或冷冻保存。
神经干细胞裂解液的无细胞滤液或神经干细胞因子或其药物组合物可注入静脉、颅内、脑室或蛛网膜下腔,也可局部直接应用到损伤的脑、脊髓和神经组织周围。
神经干细胞裂解液的无细胞滤液含已知的和未知的神经干细胞因子。
神经干细胞因子可自胚胎神经干细胞或成年神经干细胞分离、纯化,也可用组织、细胞和基因工程技术工业化生产。
下面列举实验研究的内容及其结果,作为神经干细胞裂解液的无细胞滤液及神经干细胞因子或其药物组合物可用于预防和治疗多种神经精神疾病和神经损伤以及脑缺氧缺血药物的用途的证据。
材料和方法
动物SPF级NIH小鼠,8周龄,实验室饲养3天后,腹腔注射5IU孕马血清促性腺激素,48h后腹腔注射5IU人绒毛膜促性腺激素。雌雄(2∶1)合笼。翌日晨检查雌鼠,有阴道拴的记为受精后第1日。至第15日时,根据腹部隆起及乳头发育情况,确定为孕鼠者备用。SPF级Wistar大鼠,90日龄,参考上述方法促雌鼠排卵,合笼交配,准备孕鼠。
试剂 Dulbecco’s minimum essential medium(DMEM)、F12、DMEM/F12培养基、2%B27、D-Hanks液、胰蛋白酶、HEPES液(25mM,pH7.4)、丝裂霉素C、小牛血清、胎牛血清、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)多克隆抗体,白血病抑制因子(LIF,Sigma),bFGF(基因公司),1-甲基-4苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine,MPTP),等。
仪器 Y-迷宫,自主活动程序自动控制仪等。
小鼠胚胎干细胞(Embryonic stem cells,ESCs)的分离和培养 早期胚胎的收集与培养:小鼠受精后第4日用含有5%小牛血清的DMEM从子宫中冲胚,获得发育至囊胚期的早期胚胎,接种在铺有饲养层的4孔板中。饲养层细胞的制备:无菌取孕14日鼠胚,去头和四肢,剪碎,按常规胰酶消化法制备原代鼠胚成纤维细胞。向培养基中加入10μg/ml的丝裂霉素C,作用2~3h,充分洗涤后,接种在涂有明胶的4孔板中。使用前更换新鲜培养基。胚胎干细胞的分离:小鼠囊胚贴壁、内细胞团增殖后,用胰蛋白酶和E日TA消化离散成小的细胞团,接种于新的铺有饲养层的4孔板中。培养4~5日后获得胚胎干细胞样集落。挑取胚胎干细胞样集落,消化离散后接种于新的铺有饲养层的4孔板中。培养(培养基含LIF)8-10日后,选生长旺盛的胚胎干细胞集落消化成单细胞悬液。
小(大)鼠胚胎神经干细胞(neural stem cells,NSCs)的分离和胚胎神经干细胞裂解液无细胞滤液(filtrate of neural stem cell lysates,FNSCL)的制备取上述妊娠15日的小(大)鼠,颈椎脱臼法牺牲。无菌条件下剖腹取出妊娠子宫。以预冷的PBS(一)液反复冲洗血污后,剪开子宫壁一一取出胚胎,放入盛有D-Hanks液的无菌瓶中。再用D-Hanks液冲洗2-3次。胚胎经酒精消毒后,剪开头皮,去除颅骨,剥离硬膜,分离胎鼠脑组织,放入盛有DMEM/F12培养液的无菌瓶中。用眼科剪剪成约1mm3组织小块,以微量加样器反复轻柔吹打。再加0.25%胰酶,混匀,倒入培养皿中。放入37℃培养箱消化。15分钟后用含10%小牛血清的DMEM/F12培养基终止消化。吸取消化液,通过250目不锈钢筛网过滤到无菌瓶瓶中。然后将滤液移入离心管,1000r/min,离心5min。弃上清,加入上述培养基6-7ml,计数细胞,调整细胞数。将计数后的细胞取出一半,冰浴下超声波破碎(100W/cm2,5min)。显微镜下观察,细胞完全破碎后滤膜过滤。细胞悬液及无细胞滤液无菌分装备用。参考上述方法分离大鼠胚胎神经干细胞并制备大鼠胚胎神经干细胞裂解液的无细胞滤液。
脑室内移植神经干细胞及注射神经干细胞裂解液无细胞滤液 各种动物模型的NSCs与FNSCL组动物,于适当时间向脑室内分别注射一定量同种动物胚胎神经干细胞悬液或一定量同种动物胚胎神经干细胞裂解液的无细胞滤液。
一.小鼠兴奋毒性脑损伤模型
方法SPF级雄性NIH小鼠,8周龄,随机分为对照、谷氨酸单钠(MSG)、NSCs+MSG、FNSCL+MSG组,每组10只动物。除对照组外,其他组动物MSG(3.0g/kg体重)灌胃,每日1次,共计10日。MSG处理后第1,10日NSCs+MSG组小鼠脑室内移植2×105神经干细胞(10μl细胞悬液)各1次,FNSCL组注射2×105神经干细胞裂解液无细胞滤液各1次(10μ1)。对照及MSG组脑室内同时注射同体积DMEM培养液。移植神经干细胞或注射神经干细胞裂解液无细胞滤液后第12日进行Y迷宫学习记忆试验,第15日进行爬绳能力等行为学试验。行为学试验后进行组织病理学检查。
Y迷宫实验 将小鼠放入Y型迷宫,黑暗中无电适应1min后开始实验。电击小鼠引起逃避反应,立即逃至灯光安全区作为正确反应。小鼠受电击后逃到有灯光安全区,灯光继续作用10秒,熄灯后结束一次测定。安全区无规律变换,以训练小鼠辨别灯光及安全方位的能力。每日训练20次,训练时房间保持黑暗、安静。每天同一时间段进行实验,连续6日。结果以均值±标准误表示,用重复测量资料的分析方法进行统计分析。
爬绳实验 将小鼠逐一放置于一条2米长,距地面高1.5米的绳子中间,观察在3分钟内小鼠的握绳爬行情况。能握住绳且四肢协调爬绳的,记为会爬;握不住或四肢不能协调爬绳的记为不会爬。记录小鼠在3分钟内從绳上掉下来的次数。每天的同一时间段进行实验。结果用卡方检验法进行统计分析。
组织病理学检查行为学实验结束后给小鼠腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠(60mg/kg)麻醉,拉脱颈椎牺牲动物。取全脑,迅速置于10%中性福尔马林溶液中固定、脱水、透明、浸蜡、包埋、全脑冠状面切片(厚度4μm)、贴片、H.E染色,光镜下检查脑海马区组织病理学变化。
结果较之正常对照组,MSG组小鼠的学习记忆、爬绳能力显著降低,差异显著(P<0.05)。NSCs+MSG和FNSCL+MSG组小鼠的学习记忆、爬绳能力接近正常对照组。图1显示Y迷宫实验的结果。表1显示爬绳实验的结果。病理检查结果显示,MSG组小鼠海马区神经细胞明显变性、坏死和增生,而NSCs+MSG和FNSCL+MSG组小鼠海马区神经细胞形态与正常对照组无明显差别(图2)。
表1 脑室内注射神经干细胞裂解液滤液对MSG所致成年小鼠高空协调运动能力损伤的恢复作用
*与对照组比;MSG+NSCs组vs.MSG组:P<0.05;MSG+FNSCL组vs.MSG组:P<0.05。
重复上述实验,但增加bFGF+MSG组,即小鼠随机分为对照、MSG、NSCs+MSG、FNSCL+MSG、bFGF+MSG组,每组10只动物。MSG处理后第1,10日bFGF+MSG组组小鼠脑室内注射bFGF液(2.0μg,10μlDMEM培养液溶解)各1次,其他处理同上。行为学试验和病理检查结果表明,bFGF对MSG造成的脑损伤也有显著的修复作用,但效果逊于NSCs和FNSCL。
二.FNSCL和bFGF诱导胚胎干细胞向神经干细胞分化
方法胚胎干细胞的诱导分化实验:小鼠胚胎干细胞的分离和培养方法同前。(1)对照组:在胚胎干细胞常规培养基(不含LIF)中培养。(2)FNSCL组:在胚胎干细胞常规培养基(不含LIF)中加入FNSCL培养。每2日换液1次。(3)bFGF组:在胚胎干细胞常规培养基(不含LIF)中加入bFGF培养。用形态学和NSE免疫细胞化学染色法对细胞分化进行鉴定。
结果 FNSCL组细胞贴壁培养第24h,大部分细胞的胞体拉长,从细胞的两极长出两条短小且无分支的突起(图3)。NSE免疫细胞化学染色法实验结果表明,FNSCL组神经干细胞诱导分化率达50%以上。bFGF也有显著的诱导分化作用,但效果逊于FNSCL。
三.小鼠脑偏瘫模型
方法45mg/kg戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射麻醉小鼠,待小鼠不动后,用眼科剪剪开头部正中线处皮肤,暴露颅骨。找出矢状缝、冠状缝及人字缝,于矢状缝上冠状缝及人字缝中点旁开2-3mm处(左或右)垂直进针,穿过颅骨损伤脑组织,造成对侧脑偏瘫。除正常对照组外,术后偏瘫者再随机分为偏瘫、NSCs治疗、FNSCL治疗组,每组10只动物。术后第1,10日NSCs组小鼠脑室内移植2×105神经干细胞(10μl细胞悬液)各1次,FNSCL组注射2×105神经干细胞裂解液无细胞滤液各1次(10μl)。对照和偏瘫组脑室内同时注射同体积DMEM培养液。脑室内移植神经干细胞和注射神经干细胞裂解液无细胞滤液后密切观察动物行为。
结果 脑室内移植神经干细胞或注射神经干细胞裂解液滤液后3-7日,NSCs和FNSCL治疗组分别有5/10和4/10小鼠偏瘫恢复,能进食、饮水,并自由行动,2/10和3/10小鼠部分恢复,能勉强进食、饮水。对照组小鼠无异常,而偏瘫组小鼠则未见恢复,之后悉数死亡。
四.Meynert基底核损毁模型
方法 SPF级雄性Wistar大鼠,体重260-280g。腹腔注射氯胺酮(80-100mg/kg)麻醉。固定于立体定位仪上,调节固定平面使门齿比内耳连线中点低2nm。清洁头顶皮肤作正中竖切口,拨开皮下筋膜暴露顶骨,在两侧冠状缝后钻出小孔,取出碎骨屑,保持硬脑膜完整。定位坐标:前囟后0.9mm,中线外侧2.6mm,硬脑膜下6.8mm。每侧用微量注射器分别注入25nmol鹅膏蕈氨酸,0.1μl/min,每侧总体积1μl。注完后留针5-10min。术后牙托粉封固颅骨孔,缝合皮肤。3天内每日肌肉注射10万单位青霉素G。除对照组外,Meynert基底核损毁大鼠再随机分为Meynert基底核损毁、NSCs治疗、FNSCL治疗组,每组10只动物。术后第1,10日NSCs治疗组大鼠脑室内移植2×105神经干细胞(10μl细胞悬液)各1次,FNSCL组注射2×105神经干细胞裂解液无细胞滤液各1次(10μl)。对照和Meynert基底核损毁组大鼠脑室内同时注射同体积DMEM培养液。脑室内移植神经干细胞或注射神经干细胞裂解液无细胞滤液,15日后进行被动逃避反应、学习记忆等行为学试验。
结果 Meynert基底核损毁大鼠表现为一次性被动逃避反应潜伏期缩短,但操作性行为不受影响。Y迷宫实验结果显示,学习记忆能力显著降低。NSCs和FNSCL治疗组大鼠的被动逃避反应和学习记忆能力,大部分大鼠(6/10,5/10)接近对照组,小部分大鼠(4/10,5/10)不如对照组,但优于Meynert基底核损毁组。
五.小鼠帕金森病模型
方法 10-12周龄,体重25-30g的成年C57/BI褐小鼠。小鼠随机分为对照、MPTP损伤组、NSCs治疗组和FNSCL治疗组,每组10只动物。除对照组外,每日每次腹腔注射MPTP4mg/kg,持续20日。MPTP损伤后第1,10日NSCs组小鼠脑室内移植2×105神经干细胞(10μl细胞悬液)各1次,FNSCL组注射2×105神经干细胞裂解液无细胞滤液各1次(10μl)。对照和MPTP损伤组小鼠脑室内同时注射同体积DMEM培养液。脑室内移植神经干细胞、注射神经干细胞裂解液无细胞滤液20日后进行爬杆、悬尾和游泳等行为学试验。
爬杆试验 将一直径为25cm的软木固定于一根长50cm粗1cm的木杆顶端,木杆上缠纱布以防打滑,然后将被测小鼠放到小球上,并记录以下几个时间:(1)小鼠从小球上下来所需的时间;(2)小鼠爬完杆子上半部分所需时间;(3)小鼠爬完杆子下半部分所用时间。然后按以下标准记分:3s内完成上述某一动作的记3分,6s内完成的记2分,超过6s完成的记1分,最后计算得分情况,并做统计学分析。
悬尾实验 将受试小鼠悬挂于一根水平电线上,如小鼠用两后爪抓住电线则记3分,如用一后爪抓住电线则记2分。如果小鼠两后爪均抓不住电线则记1分,最后计算得分情况,并做统计学分析。
游泳实验 将受试小鼠放入一个20cm×30cm规格的水箱中,水温为22~25℃。
评分标准如下:在受试时间内连续不断游泳者记3.0分;大部分时间游泳仅偶尔漂浮者记2.5分;漂浮时间占整个受试时间50%以上者记2.0分;偶尔游泳者记1.5分;偶尔用后肢游动并漂浮在一边者记1.0分。最后计算得分情况,并做统计学分析。
结果 MPTP损伤组小鼠的爬杆、悬尾和游泳试验结果显然不及对照组,而NSCs和FNSCL治疗组则接近对照组,。
六.大鼠(利血平)帕金森病模型
方法 SPF级、雄性、体重200-300g的Wistar大鼠,随机分为对照组、利血平组,NSCs和FNSCL治疗组,每组10只动物。除对照组外,每日皮下注射利血平(1mg/kg体重)1次,连续10天。利血平处理后1,10日NSCs组大鼠脑室内移植3×105神经干细胞(10μl细胞悬液)各1次,FNSCL组注射3×105神经干细胞裂解液无细胞滤液各1次(10μl)。脑室内移植神经干细胞、注射神经干细胞裂解液无细胞滤液后每日测量体温,并观察大鼠毛发、体型、体态、步态及行为学的变化。
结果 利血平组大鼠眼睑下垂,尾及四肢震颤,尾张力增加,躯体僵硬,曲背,前肢腕关节弯曲并贴近躯干,步态失常,行动迟缓,脱毛,体温下降;而脑室内移植神经干细胞、注射神经干细胞裂解液无细胞滤液组大鼠的体温,毛发、体型、体态、步态及行为接近对照组大鼠。
七.大鼠嗅球切除模型
方法。SPF级、雄性、体重300-350g的Wistar大鼠,随机分为对照组、假手术组、NSCs治疗组和FNSCL治疗组,每组10只动物。经过4天每日数次的抚摸之后,用三溴乙醇(250mg/kg,ip)麻醉大鼠。从大鼠囟前1cm至前囟后1cm正中线处纵切头皮,暴露颅骨。在距离前囟前面8mm、正中线两侧2mm处分别钻通颅骨,使出现两个2mm直径的小孔。用连在水泵上的钝的皮下注射针,借助负压将嗅球吸出。嗅球吸出后即向NSCs组大鼠脑嗅球部位移植106神经干细胞(10μl细胞悬液)、向FNSCL组大鼠脑嗅球部位注射106神经干细胞裂解液无细胞滤液(10μl)。用止血海绵填充小孔,四环素粉末洒在伤口上,缝合皮肤。假切除大鼠手术方式同上,只是不吸除嗅球。术后每日抚摸动物数次。术后第5、10日再向NSCs组大鼠脑室内移植106神经干细胞(10μl细胞悬液)各1次,FNSCL组注射106神经干细胞裂解液无细胞滤液各1次(10μl)。术后20日后进行下述实验。开场活动实验采用自动记录分析摄像仪。观察记录3min内大鼠运动量。
跳台被动回避实验 在电击箱内放一个木制平台,平台高出电击箱底大约5cm左右。将大鼠先置于电击箱(不予电击)中使之熟悉环境1min。然后将大鼠放于平台上,只要其4个爪全部接触到电击箱底部就给予一次2s 0.6mA左右的电击,观察3min,记录大鼠遭电击的总次数。
结果 嗅球切除大鼠活动量和遭受电击次数都明显多于假切除组大鼠和对照组,而脑嗅球部位移植神经干细胞或注射神经干细胞裂解液无细胞滤液组大鼠的活动量和遭受电击次数都明显减少,接近假手术组和对照组大鼠。
八.新生大鼠缺氧缺血脑损伤模型
方法
缺氧缺血脑损伤模型 SPF级7日龄体重12克以上的Wistar新生大鼠。乙醚吸入麻醉,75%酒精消毒皮肤,仰卧位,行颈部正中切口,长约1-1.5cm。依次分离皮肤、皮下脂肪及肌肉,分离出左侧颈总动脉并用7.0灭菌丝线双线结扎,缝合伤口并再次消毒皮肤。整个手术过程在15min内完成。休息2h后,将大鼠置于有机玻璃低氧舱内(30cm×40cm×50cm),两侧各有一直径为1cm小孔与外界相通,一侧通氮氧混合气,另一侧与测氧仪相通,底层铺有钠石灰以吸收CO2及湿气。按8%O2/92%N2比例输入氧气和氮气,测氧仪监测氧浓度在7%-9%。舱内温度控制在(36±2)℃,湿度为(70±5)%。缺氧时间持续1h。实验结束后将大鼠放回鼠笼由母鼠行母乳喂养。
分组 除对照组外,按上述方法造缺氧缺血脑损伤模型,将造模成功的大鼠再随机分为缺氧缺血脑损伤模型组和NSCs、FNSCL治疗组。于术后1,10日向NSCs组大鼠脑室内移植3×105神经干细胞(10μl细胞悬液)各1次,向FNSCL组大鼠脑室内注射3×105神经干细胞裂解液无细胞滤液(10μl)各1次。21日龄时断奶,断奶后按性别分笼饲养。脑室内移植神经干细胞或注射神经干细胞裂解液无细胞滤液20日后进行行为学实验和肉眼观察。肉眼观察:取出鼠脑,肉眼观察将脑病变分为正常、轻度、中度及重度改变。正常:肉眼未见明显异常;轻度:左脑病变范围<1/3,中度:1/2>左脑病变范围>1/3;重度:左脑病变范围>1/2。
结果 缺氧缺血脑损伤模型组:部分动物(6/10)提起鼠尾时向患侧旋转;部分动物(4/10)处于精神抑制状态,不能自发活动。肉眼观察发现左脑病变范围>1/2。
NSCs治疗组:部分动物(5/10)行为接近正常,部分动物(5/10)提起鼠尾时健侧前肢不能前伸。肉眼观察发现本组部分鼠(5/10),左脑接近正常,部分鼠(5/10)左脑病变范围<1/3。FNSCL治疗组:小部分动物(4/10)行为接近正常,左脑接近正常;大部分动物(6/10)提起鼠尾时健侧前肢不能前伸,左脑病变范围<1/3。
九.神经干细胞裂解液的临床应用
自体和异体干细胞移植治疗神经系统损伤和疾病是一种有广阔应用前景的新的治疗途径。目前应用最多、治疗效果最好的是脑组织神经干细胞移植治疗帕金森病。从患者受损脑组织中提取神经干细胞,体外培养、扩增后再植入损伤部位,患者可恢复部分认知功能。患者自体骨髓间质干细胞亦可作为干细胞来源。
人类胚胎干细胞的培养成功和体外定向诱导人类胚胎干细胞分化为神经细胞的研究和开发为长期困扰医学界的难题,如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化的治疗,脑和神经损伤后的修复,带来了希望。
鉴于:1)在人类羊水、毛囊、骨髓和其他一些组织中发现了干细胞,就研究和开发新药而言,成年干细胞比胚胎干细胞快得多;2)胚胎干细胞移植可能有潜在的副作用;3)神经干细胞裂解液具有使神经干细胞增殖、迁移、分化的潜能;4)神经干细胞裂解液中起作用的一些神经干细胞因子可被分离、纯化,进而人工制备、批量生产;5)神经干细胞裂解液及神经干细胞因子的研发不涉及伦理、道德、法律,因此,神经干细胞裂解液的无细胞滤液及神经干细胞因子的制剂有可能在预防和治疗多种神经精神疾病和神经损伤以及脑缺氧缺血中广泛应用。
附图说明
图1.脑室内注射神经干细胞裂解液无细胞滤液对成年小鼠MSG灌胃所致Y迷宫学习和记忆能力损伤的修复作用
图2.脑室内注射神经干细胞裂解液无细胞滤液对成年小鼠MSG灌胃所致海马损伤的修复作用
A:对照(HE,×50);B:MSG(HE,×50);C:MSG+NSCs(HE,×50)
D:MSG+FNSCL(HE,× 50)
图3.神经干细胞裂解液无细胞滤液诱导胚胎干细胞向神经干细胞分化
A:对照(×50);B:FNSCL(×50)。
Claims (5)
1.神经干细胞裂解液的无细胞滤液的制备方法。
2.神经干细胞裂解液的无细胞滤液作为预防和治疗多种神经精神疾病和神经损伤以及脑缺氧缺血的药物的用途。
3.神经干细胞裂解液的无细胞滤液的药物组合物及其制备方法。
4.神经干细胞裂解液的无细胞滤液的药物组合物作为预防和治疗多种神经精神疾病和神经损伤以及脑缺氧缺血的药物的用途。
5.神经干细胞因子作为预防和治疗多种神经精神疾病和神经损伤以及脑缺氧缺血的药物的用途。
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| CN104814980A (zh) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-08-05 | 谢培增 | 人胚胎素制作方法及应用 |
| US10813955B2 (en) | 2015-09-29 | 2020-10-27 | Genani Corporation | Methods for treating age-related organ or tissue dysfunction through heterochronic transbiosis using nonviable pluripotent stem cells |
| CN112601814A (zh) * | 2018-08-24 | 2021-04-02 | 住友化学株式会社 | 包含嗅神经细胞或其前体细胞的细胞团块及其制备方法 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104814980A (zh) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-08-05 | 谢培增 | 人胚胎素制作方法及应用 |
| US10813955B2 (en) | 2015-09-29 | 2020-10-27 | Genani Corporation | Methods for treating age-related organ or tissue dysfunction through heterochronic transbiosis using nonviable pluripotent stem cells |
| US10828338B2 (en) | 2015-09-29 | 2020-11-10 | Genani Corporation | Methods for improving cognition and slowing cognitive impairment using nonviable lyophilized pluripotent stem cells |
| CN112601814A (zh) * | 2018-08-24 | 2021-04-02 | 住友化学株式会社 | 包含嗅神经细胞或其前体细胞的细胞团块及其制备方法 |
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