CN101018002B - Small three-phase high-performance square wave permanent magnetic DC low-speed brushless motor - Google Patents
Small three-phase high-performance square wave permanent magnetic DC low-speed brushless motor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101018002B CN101018002B CN 200610130640 CN200610130640A CN101018002B CN 101018002 B CN101018002 B CN 101018002B CN 200610130640 CN200610130640 CN 200610130640 CN 200610130640 A CN200610130640 A CN 200610130640A CN 101018002 B CN101018002 B CN 101018002B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- yoke
- tooth
- winding
- stator
- motor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000397426 Centroberyx lineatus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 34
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002059 quaternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000580063 Ipomopsis rubra Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011960 computer-aided design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009429 electrical wiring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005405 multipole Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
Abstract
The small-scale three-phase high-performance square-wave permanent-magnet dc brushless low-speed motor comprises: its equivalent tooth/slot number is odd and the integer times as phase number, and has the optimal matching relation between magnetic pole number and the tooth/slot relation with the minimal torque fluctuation and reluctance location torque; the stator iron core is straight slot, integer or fractal format; the winding includes the fractional slot and non-overlap concentrated winding connected by one or more piece wires as star or triangle; and a dc-drive hub without decelerator structure. This invention has high energy efficiency, low torque and loss and noise, saves cost, can be used in different occasions, and fit to produce in large-scale.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of small three-phase high-performance square wave permanent magnetic DC low-speed brushless motor, particularly have energy-efficient, low torque fluctuation, low magnetic resistance location torque, low-loss, low noise, materials province, simple in structure, low-cost, be easy to again produce in enormous quantities, have in the automation mode direct-driving motor of New-type electric machine electromagnetic topology structure, decelerator-free, belong to the micro-machine field.
Permanent magnetic brushless has, high power density simple without excitation loss, small size, structure and maintenance, high efficiency with it, and speed governing, control and driving are all more convenient, thereby be widely applied in economic field, the world, particularly the application at aspects such as electric motor car, household electrical appliance, industrial drives and information industry, office automations is extremely extensive.
In electric automobiles, the in recent years application of non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor has obtained great development, and this has benefited from that petroleum resources close on exhaustion, oil price skyrockets and environmental pollution is day by day serious, energy-conserving and environment-protective have become the forte of requirements of the times and new, the huge development opportunity brought.Particularly in the small-sized electric car field, China in 2005 only electric bicycle has namely reached annual output more than 1,300 ten thousand, and brushless electric machine has now replaced the main flow that brush motor becomes small-sized electric car.Battery-operated motor cycle and electric automobile also receive publicity with unprecedented enthusiasm for world's industrial circle and competitively drop into research and development.Non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor has begun to form huge, as to have a bright future new markets in electric automobiles.
In household appliance technical field, made non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor become main drive motors owing to energy-conservation with requirement environmental protection, no matter be washing machine or air-conditioning, invariably represented this development trend.As for information industry and office automation aspect, various computers and peripheral hardware thereof are equally at the non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor that is using in a large number all size.At automobile and industrial circle, non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor is also sharply enlarging application, constantly replaces the backward motor of those poor efficiency, high energy consumption.This huge market demand is promoting the development of non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor technology forcefully just.
Yet still there are many defectives in commercially available many small-sized brushless motor products in varying degrees at present, not only aspect workmanship, also have a lot still far undesirable aspect properties of product.For example: efficient is low---and no-load current is large, and iron loss is large; Copper loss is large under large-torque load, and efficiency curve sharply reduces, and causes the efficiency curve land regions narrow, and driving force is poor; The motor electromagnetic Topology Structure Design is unreasonable, and the magnetic resistance location torque is large, and torque ripple is large with vibration; Winding coiling, rule automaticity are low, though the product of considerable part enters production in enormous quantities already, wind the line so far, assemble all still take manual operations as main, and production efficiency is low, product quality also is difficult to guarantee; Also have many products, owing to be difficult to solve low speed high torque and the high efficiency contradiction of expectation, have to still adopt high-speed electric expreess locomotive to add the tactic pattern of mechanical reducer.Because the mechanical reducer structure is complicated, material, heat treatment and manufacturing process are all strict, thereby always manufacturing cost significantly raises, and noise is also large, has also increased after-sales maintenance service workload etc.In sum, trace it to its cause, at first be current still very perfect on the design theory and method of brushless electric machine due to.
Primary and foremost purpose of the present invention, provide a kind of advanced person of having, rational motor electromagnetic topological structure, decelerator-free, the series small radial magnetic field, the three-phase square wave permanent magnetic DC low-speed brushless motor that directly drive, and have energy-efficient, low torque fluctuation, low magnetic resistance location torque, low torque harmonic constant, low winding harmonic wave electromotive force, low-loss, low-temperature-rise, high copper factor, highly reliable, contour performance of long-life.Another object of the present invention, provide a kind of few with material, simultaneously be easy to again the new construction produced in enormous quantities in the automation mode and the new process of high effect, in the hope of reaching the purpose that increases substantially the motor product quality, reduces production costs.
Background technology
The developing history of the existing more than two decades of brushless electric machine, however because brushless electric machine is the Novel electromechanical integration product, relate to energy converting between mechanical and interaction mechanism with controller, design very complicated, difficulty is high.Its design parameter is numerous, calculates numerous and diversely, and the scheme selectable range is wide, it is numerous to affect performance factor, the accumulation of design experiences is relatively less again so far, thus on design theory and method not talkative full maturity still, so there are many actual products not yet to reach ideal performance.
In this respect, domestic and international many inventors have made a large amount of effort.For example, the at present improvement of low speed square wave permanent magnetic DC brushless electric machine has trended towards adopting fractional slot winding to substitute integer groove winding, replace distributed winding (namely substituting overlapping winding with non-overlapping winding) with concentrated winding, replace skewed slot with straight trough, with dull and stereotyped magnet steel replace circular arc (watt) the shape magnet steel, with partition type or claim composite type, the armature core of inlaying (assemblys) formula etc. replaces the integral type iron core, the multiple gap structure motor of small size, high torque (HT) and high power density etc. also occurred.The motor of embedded permanent magnet rotor structure, non iron-core motor, position-sensor-free---the research of controller combination is also just in the ascendant.The application study of highly reliable intelligent control device built-in motor in micro-machine also carried out.Aspect design of electrical motor, computer-aided design, human expert intelligence system, design automation, optimal method and finite element electromagnetic field analysis technology also just progressively are applied.
Yet, aspect small power DC permanent magnet low-speed brushless motor design, still have the field and the technology that much wait to analyse in depth research.For example: aspect the electromagnetic topology structural design of square wave permanent magnetic low-speed brushless motor, particularly the reality of its tooth (groove) number and number of poles Application Range disperse very much, lack and reasonably consist of and arranging scheme ripe, system.On the other hand, electric machine structure much still mainly comes from traditional threephase asynchronous machine design, and particularly rule is often take craft as main in the coiling of motor, and production efficiency and automaticity are low.Although automatic winding, the coil inserting apparatus of many forms having occurred also can be directly on armature tooth, this coil winding machine is complicated in mechanical structure, expensive often.Coiling also limits because of mode and the space that embeds technique, determined its operating rate can not be too high, efficient is low and be difficult to the row of realization around.
At the partition type that develops rapidly technical elements unshakable in one's determination, a lot of new patents have appearred, for example: JP11-234928, JP2000-201457, JP2002-84698, JP8-126240, JP2002-320351 etc.The advantage of partition type iron core is: the groove location space between armature tooth can be opened wide when coiling, and Automated winding is realized easily; Like this, can use concentrated winding, can the row of realization around, thereby can significantly improve copper factor, reduce winding overhang length, and then improve electric efficiency and reliability.Divided because of iron core, each unit punching size reduction uses in addition and rationally cuts out a piece of cloth in a way with the minimum material to make two or more articles of clothing, and will the utilance of core material be improved greatly.
Existing Splittable scheme Main Problems unshakable in one's determination is: the unit core section of cutting apart interconnects via the undersized convexconcave part in two ends, the left and right sides usually, and integral rigidity is relatively poor, can guarantee that to vibration, the noise performance of motor there is negative effect the aspect.Because each unit core section just can become integral body after need being inlaid into yoke, thus all strict to the dimensional tolerance of its connecting portion and blanking die and machine tool accuracy, will cause in this respect the rising of manufacturing cost.The stack of lamination that has interconnects by its " thin meat (wall) section ", but also need carry out auxiliary welding after integral body is set into the garden, and this easily causes again the increase of leakage field.
Japan Patent JP2005-185100 has announced the convex-concave section of the left and right sides of stack of lamination has been formed hinge, and each stack of lamination then can be stretching after connecting, just as the movable joint chain so that coiling.Its shortcoming is: bobbin is necessary for two semi-involutions, and wire must be on the stack of lamination that installs skeleton.Coiling can not separate independently with stack of lamination to be carried out, and this is the FAQs that existing numerous Splittables schemes unshakable in one's determination exist, and this certainly will make wire winding complicated and increase cost; In addition, owing to still leave the larger slot mouth on the armature core, thereby cogging torque pulsation fails significantly to reduce, and also is not compensated because the gap between stack of lamination exists the leakage field that causes to increase.
In addition, also have the coil of some schemes on each core tooth often to need independent coiling and broken end, then the wire between each coil also needs to connect into phase winding by welding each other again.Because this method can not carry out coil winding continuously, this will make broken end quantity significantly increase, and may cause also that junction resistance increases, the motor reliability is with variation and make production efficiency low.
How designing the brushless electric machine that high-performance, low cost, good manufacturability be easy to again to produce in enormous quantities has now become numerous ongoing effort targets of being engaged in scientist and the design engineer of motor research, and the present invention also is the another new effort of doing in this respect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention to the electromagnetic topology structure of the multipole low-speed brushless motor of square wave field design particularly the relation etc. of its tooth (groove)/ultimate ratio and performance, manufacture method and its winding technique carried out on the basis of large quantity research, inherence combination, the coupling rule of the performances such as its high efficiency, low cogging torque pulsation, low harmonic wave, low-loss, alternate balance have been found to guarantee, optimize tooth (groove) number and number of poles, greatly reduced the design of low-speed brushless motor series of products and the difficulty of manufacturing.
According to a kind of small three-phase high-performance permanent magnetic DC low-speed brushless motor of the present invention, formed by rotor and stator two large divisions, be radial air gap, square wave field between stator and rotor; Stator/armature core is straight trough, and rotor is direct drive mode, the decelerator-free structure.It is characterized in that:
The electromagnetic topology structure of motor is:
It is odd number that the equivalent tooth number Z of stator/equivalent groove is counted Q, and is the integral multiple of the number of phases: Z (Q)=3 * (2m-1), and wherein m is the positive integer greater than zero, m=1, and 2,3 ...; The preferential range of choice of the equivalence number of teeth/equivalent groove number: Z (Q)=9-57, corresponding m=2,3 ... 10.
The equivalent magnetic number of poles of rotor is: 2p=Z (Q)+(6n-5), and wherein n is only limited to and gets n=2/3, and 1,2,3.
The equivalent tooth number Z of stator/equivalent groove is counted best Corresponding matching between the equivalent magnetic number of poles 2p of Q and rotor and closed and be: First Series is n=2/3 and second series when being n=1, equivalent magnetic number of poles 2p should by with m 〉=2 accordingly the number of teeth choose; The 3rd series: namely during n=2, should be chosen by m 〉=5; Quaternary system row namely should be chosen by m 〉=8 during n=3;
During preferred first and second series, can make the cross-over connection line of every phase winding between cog the shortest: only be the wire length of adjacent two between cog, so the wire ohmic loss is minimum, but adjacent winding around to then opposite.When selecting third and fourth series, the between cog wire length is serial long than first and second, but rotor is difficult for producing off-centre and vibration in the electromagnetic force distribution uniform of whole circumference.The various assembled schemes of each series of above-mentioned optimization all can make the torque pulsation of motor little, the magnetic resistance location torque is low, and copper loss is few, energy efficiency is high, noise is low.
Stator (armature) iron core can be integral type or partition type.
When stator core is whole, preferentially by the silicon steel sheet steel band with the direct one-shot forming of coiling method, also can be stamped into monolithic again through stacking button riveting or by the rivet moulding by silicon steel sheet.
When stator core was partition type, stator core was made of a plurality of teeth unit and one or many yoke unit combination, and namely the yoke annulus can be integral type or segmentation is mutually embedded, and this moment, yoke integral body still was circular.When stator core during by an integral type yoke cell formation, still preferentially by the silicon steel sheet steel band with the direct one-shot forming of coiling method, also can be stamped into monolithic again through stacking button riveting or by the rivet moulding by silicon steel sheet; When stator core during by many yoke cell formations, the yoke unit is the same with the tooth unit core to be stamped into monolithic again through stacking button riveting or by the rivet moulding by silicon steel sheet only.
When stator core is partition type, the root of each tooth unit closely embeds in the recess with correspondingly-shaped of leaving on the yoke unit and flushes, the bottom that the root Embedded Division of tooth divides is dovetail or circular arc, the part of close yoke is that the straightway of tooth stretches, and two-part connecting portion is by arc transition.The bottom dovetail of tooth or the Breadth Maximum of circular arc embedded part are not more than the facewidth, in order to lay bobbin.
When stator core is that partition type, yoke are that segmentation is mutual when embedded, every section two ends are respectively raised tooth and recessed channel.By the present invention, it is characterized in that: the shape of raised tooth and recessed channel can be dovetail or circular arc, and each intersegmental raised tooth and recessed channel by two ends closely embeds formation annular yoke each other.
When stator core is partition type, by the present invention, it is characterized in that: because the magnetic flux density of yoke section is lower, the available silicon steel sheet thickness of yoke annulus part can be equal to or greater than silicon steel sheet thickness that each tooth section iron core selects reducing the punching number, to reduce cost, but always folded thick identical.
When stator core was partition type, by the present invention, it is characterized in that: the groove that forms between the adjacent teeth of stator core was to have the circular-arc bottom face that is formed by yoke, the straight trough of remaining silent that flute profile is approximate trapezoid, and the pole shoe edge is without wedge angle.
Permanent magnet material is the rare earth permanent magnet neodymium iron boron, radial magnetizing.When rotor was external rotor, rotor was comprised of ring-type magnetic conduction heel piece and surface-mount type sheet permanent magnet, and the permanent magnetism sheet is pasted on the inner surface of ring-type magnetic conduction heel piece, arranged with opposite polarity successively, and the polarity of adjacent magnet steel is arranged as NSNS.......By the present invention, it is characterized in that: when rotor was external rotor, the sheet permanent magnet was preferably plate shaped.When the number of poles of rotor design Scheme Choice is very few when causing the remarkable stray circle annular of the air gap that forms between plate permanent magnetism sheet and stator, the plate permanent magnetism sheet quantity of using can be doubled, namely every flat permanent magnet sheet with two adjacent be the permanent magnetism sheet replacement of same polarity.The width of every permanent magnetism sheet is approximate like this reduces one times, but the equivalent magnetic number of poles is constant, and the arrangement of the polarity of adjacent permanent magnet piece becomes NNSSNNSS.......
When the large and design of stator core diameter still need be selected the less number of teeth, by the present invention, it is characterized in that: the number of teeth of the reality of stator core can be expanded as the k of the equivalent number of teeth doubly, be that adjacent k tooth on the stator still regarded single tooth as, equivalence for each winding coil on adjacent k the tooth of single tooth by namely still can be used as a winding on the monodentate in the former design after connected in series or in parallel, the equivalent number of teeth that makes stator still is Z.Correspondingly each winding skeleton then can not need to open a minute groove again, to reduce on a skeleton flat raft simultaneously and around the manufacturing process difficulty of multiple conducting wires and skeleton.
Stator winding can be by the solid conductor coiling, also can by multiple conducting wires and around.By the present invention, it is characterized in that: winding is fractional-slot, non-overlapped concentrated winding, and wire is preferentially selected self-adhesion, self-brazing type enamel covered wire.But no matter be to use single or multiple conducting wires, all should be flat raft, close around, and make between wire without overlapping the interlayer close-packed arrays as far as possible.Can by symmetrical Y-connection, also can connect by triangle between each phase winding.Every phase winding can stay centre tap, but each alternate tapping number of turn is symmetrical.
When stator core was partition type, by the present invention, it is characterized in that: wire was on the flame-proof heat-resistant plastic skeleton; The baffle plate of each close yoke one end of plastic skeleton that winds the line interconnects each other at a certain distance, skeleton connects can be for directly being integral a plurality of skeleton one-shot formings by injection moulding, also can by single skeleton by adhesive tape, body welding, bonding, hot bonding method or with hasp, flexibly connect sheet and mechanically wait and link into an integrated entity.Can make like this winding process break away from the tooth stack of lamination of stator fully and separately coiling, be conducive to realize the winding process high-efficient automatic and can greatly simplify the coil winding machine structure, can significantly reduce coil winding machine manufacturing or acquisition cost, guarantee the winding turns precision, and be easy to realize in enormous quantities, the low-cost production of motor.
Motor can have or position-sensor-free.When position sensor, when transducer is Hall switching element, by the present invention, it is characterized in that: transducer is drawn holding wire and is preferentially used shielding conductor, to reduce the interference to the commutation element, makes it avoid being subject to the induction spike impact that produces when major loop turn-offs and damaging.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 has listed by the stator equivalence tooth number Z of the square wave permanent magnetic DC low-speed brushless motor of the new electromagnetic topology structural design of motor of the present invention's proposition and the optimum matching relation scheme between the rotor equivalent number of magnetic poles 2p.
Fig. 2 is the part legend according to the magnetic potential star graph of the motor winding of the equivalence number of teeth of the First Series among Fig. 1 and equivalent magnetic number of poles matching design.
Fig. 3 is the part legend according to the motor winding magnetic potential star graph of the equivalence number of teeth of the second series among Fig. 1 and equivalent magnetic number of poles matching design.
Fig. 4 is the part legend according to the motor winding magnetic potential star graph of the 3rd serial equivalent number of teeth among Fig. 1 and equivalent magnetic number of poles matching design.
Fig. 5 is for being listed as the part legend of the motor winding magnetic potential star graph of the equivalent number of teeth and equivalent magnetic number of poles matching design according to the Quaternary system among Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is the partition type armature core punching form instance according to equivalent number of teeth design listed among Fig. 1, Z=33 among the figure.
Fig. 7 is the part armature winding electrical wiring legend according to the equivalent number of teeth among Fig. 1 and the design of equivalent magnetic number of poles, Z=33 among the figure, 2P=32,34,40.
Fig. 8 is bobbin and the skeleton string structure legend according to the equivalent number of teeth design among Fig. 1.Among the figure, 1 is skeleton, and 2 are the middle single face adhesive tape that has square hole.
Fig. 9 is the armature core modular construction sketch example according to the equivalent number of teeth among Fig. 1, the design of partition type armature core, and 3 are the coiling plastic skeleton with reinforcement among the figure, and 4 is the tooth unit, and 5 is the yoke unit.
Figure 10 is the structure diagram example of the brushless hub electric motor of design according to the present invention.Among the figure, 6 is plate permanent magnetism sheet, and 7 are the wheel hub yoke with spoke hole; 8 is rotor unit; 9 is the stator armature unit, and 10 is the wire winding, and 11 is non-magnetic stator support ring; 12 aluminium end caps for edge steel bushing in the band; 13 is motor shaft, and 14 is bearing, and 15 is protective casing; 16 are lead-in wire, and 17,18 is mounting nuts and Anti-rotating grommet.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1 to Figure 10 the embodiment of small three-phase high-performance square wave permanent magnetic DC brushless low speed motor according to the present invention is described.
By Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 and as seen, the equivalent number of teeth of first, second series/equivalent groove number cooperates with the equivalent magnetic number of poles and is characterized in: each coil of every phase winding can be pressed tooth order continuous arrangement, and only the winding of adjacent teeth is around to being reverse.Thereby this programme has, and the span between winding is that the cross-over connection line is the shortest on the tooth---the advantage of a tooth pitch only, also very easily realize high speed, the automation of winding process so that flat raft simple in structure is close around coil winding machine, and can increase substantially coiling quality, reduction device design, manufacturing or acquisition cost.In addition, distribute because each phase winding is concentrated separately, the alternate mutual inductance of winding is little.Its shortcoming is: for common two be conducted, the brushless electric machine control mode of three-phase six states, because any moment of this scheme under actual loading only has two to be conducted, so electric machine rotor is at the electromagnetic force skewness of whole circumference, easily produce eccentric and vibration, so good to the rigidity of structure and the concentricity requirement of motor.But according to the motor of a kind of motor electromagnetic topological project design that the present invention includes mass-produced facts have proved, this requirement is for most of motors, as long as is noted being not difficult assurance.Thereby this suffices to show that according to the maturation of this Series Design scheme of the present invention and reliable.
The 3rd cooperates with the equivalent magnetic number of poles with the equivalent number of teeth of Quaternary system row/equivalent groove number, its characteristics then with First Series antithesis, coil arrangement is discontinuous on the tooth of every phase winding, and the cross-over connection line on the tooth between winding is long than the first scheme, but the advantage that has magneticaction to be more evenly distributed.
This shows, the brushless slow-speed motor of small three-phase high-performance square wave permanent magnetic DC according to electromagnet topological structure scheme manufacturing of the present invention, no matter be by First Series, or by other serial schemes, compare with most of designs of having announced, all have moment coefficient height, torque pulsation is little, the torque harmonic constant is little, winding harmonic wave electromotive force is low, copper factor is high, winding resistance is little, copper loss is few, efficient is high, the efficient platform is wide, noise is low characteristics.
As seen from Figure 6, former integral type armature core disk is divided into tooth unit and yoke unit.The armature yoke can be the circular ring type integral type, also can be split into less unit, and such as trisection or six etc. graded, and each section yoke unit relies on the raised tooth at two ends to connect into whole with recessed channel each other.When producing in enormous quantities, tooth unit and yoke unit every section by silicon steel sheet with mould automatically stacking again through buckle riveting, compression forms.Certainly, use rivet also substantially can reach same connection effect, only production efficiency is much lower.Be also shown in by Fig. 6, only stay very little gap between the pole shoe of each tooth unit, greatly reduced the teeth groove reluctance torque thereby be equivalent to closed slot structure, and effectively compensated the leakage field increase that causes because of the inevitable gap that produces between tooth and the yoke.In addition, because winding conducting wire is supported by insulation framework, thereby need not equally to install heat insulating lamella with the same overall dimension of armature core additional at outermost with general integral type is unshakable in one's determination, also need not be in groove supplementary insulation material or surface make in addition the coating processing that insulate, simplified technique.
Fig. 8 left part shows the profile legend of the tooth trace ring framework through having simplified, framework material can be the flame-retarded resin of thermosetting or high temperature thermoplasticity through mold pressing or injection molded, for multi-form groove or gap initial into and out of wire and tail end, carry out coiling with the convenient insulated conductor that uses in the time of can making in advance for coiling on the catch at skeleton two ends.Also can leave the fixture for the fixing cord tail end, such as pillar, embedded or plug-in type weld tabs etc.The right side shows with the lower stop piece outer surface near the skeleton of armature yoke section and is bonded into a string coil rack chain through flexible single-sided adhesive tape, during for the continuous coiling that carries out at special-purpose coil winding machine not breaking end the wire centre.Make the concentric square hole of same size on the adhesive tape by the skeleton perforate, unshakable in one's determination for loading location tooth after the coiling.The skeletal chain available glue after penetrating unit tooth iron core that winds coil is fixed, then flexible and surround circular for the pressing of yoke unit, inlay (assembly unit) and become armature component integral body.
The design less for tooth (groove) number, that the bottom land size-spacing is larger, skeleton also can be by single skeleton by welding, bonding, heat seal or hasp and flexibly connect the mechanical system such as sheet and link into an integrated entity near the lower stop piece of armature yoke section.When using the coiling of tack wire, the method that can when each tooth trace circle coiling is finished, use local warming line end and winding inter-turn are fixed and unlikely open loose, so both be easy to realize the automation of coiling operation, the coiling work efficiency also improves greatly, but material cost will increase.
Embodiment
The sample motor that technical characterictic according to the present invention newly designs, makes has confirmed application fully, has implemented superiority of the present invention through the reality test, 33 grooves that for example newly manufacture and design by the present invention, 34 pole external-rotor hub-type one-piece stators motor unshakable in one's determination are compared with 51 grooves, 46 utmost point brushless electric machines of commercially available specification Φ 205 of the same race, air gap has increased 0.15mm, no-load current has reduced 26%, the magnetic resistance location torque has reduced 43-72%, efficient has improved about 2%, and the efficiency curve platform is broad, function admirable.Air gap increases can make the motor technology performance index reduce usually, and by comprehensive technological scheme of the present invention, performance does not only lower, and has obtained on the contrary more outstanding motor performance, and has made machine operation more reliable.In addition, because significantly reducing of magnetic resistance location torque just need not the bivalve of taking consumptive material to take a lot of work again, " sliding the king " formula processing scheme of one-way clutch structure fully, and be easy to realize the production in enormous quantities of high efficiency, automation and reduce cost.
According to the present invention and by cited specific features of the present invention various distortion and combination may be arranged, specific embodiment will be because too much can't enumerating one by one, but these all must belong in the present invention's claim scope required for protection.Equally, equally also should be considered as not exceeding the present invention's claim scope required for protection to unsubstantialities improvement more of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a small three-phase high-performance square wave permanent magnetic DC low-speed brushless motor is comprised of rotor and stator two large divisions, is radial air gap, square wave field between motor stator and rotor; Stator core is straight trough; Stator winding is fractional-slot, non-overlapped concentrated winding; Stator winding is by the solid conductor coiling, or by multiple conducting wires and around, connect by symmetrical star or triangle; Wire is on the flame-proof heat-resistant plastic skeleton; Rotor is comprised of ring-type magnetic conduction heel piece and surface-mount type sheet permanent magnet, and the permanent magnetism sheet is radial magnetizing, is pasted on the surface of ring-type magnetic conduction heel piece, arranges with opposite polarity successively, and the polarity of adjacent permanent magnet piece is arranged as NSNS......;
It is characterized in that: stator core is partition type, is comprised of yoke and a plurality of teeth unit, and wherein yoke is by one or many yoke cell formations, and yoke integral body is circular; The root of each tooth unit closely embeds in the recess with correspondingly-shaped of leaving on the yoke unit and flushes, the bottom that tooth root section Embedded Division divides is dovetail or circular-arc, the part of close yoke unit is that the straightway of tooth stretches, two-part connecting portion is by arc transition, and the Breadth Maximum of bottom dovetail or circular arc embedded part is not more than the facewidth; Each tooth unit forms through stacking button riveting or by rivet by the silicon steel sheet single-punch again;
The yoke of described stator core is during by a yoke cell formation, and this yoke unit is integral type annulus yoke, by the direct one-shot forming of coiling method, or is shaped through stacking button riveting or by rivet by the silicon steel sheet single-punch again; The groove that forms between the adjacent teeth of stator core is to have the straight trough of remaining silent that is made of the approximate trapezoid of bottom surface the arc surface of annulus yoke, and the edge is without wedge angle; The yoke of described stator core is during by many yoke cell formations, the yoke unit is shaped through stacking button riveting or by rivet by single-punch again, each section of yoke unit mutually embeds and consist of the annulus yoke: the two ends that the yoke unit is every section are respectively raised tooth and recessed channel, raised tooth and recessed channel be shaped as circular arc or swallow-tail form, each intersegmental raised tooth and each other closely embedding of recessed channel by two ends;
The electromagnetic topology structure of motor, namely the tooth number Z of stator is odd number, and is that the integral multiple of the number of phases: Z=3 * (2m-1), wherein m is the positive integer greater than zero, m=1,2,3 ...; The range of choice of tooth number Z is Z=9-57, corresponding m=2, and 3 ... 10; The number of magnetic poles of rotor: 2p=Z+ (6n-5), wherein n is only limited to and gets n=2/3, and 1,2,3; Corresponding matching between the number of magnetic poles 2p of the tooth number Z of stator and rotor closes: when n=2/3 and n=1, number of magnetic poles 2p should when n=2, should be chosen by m 〉=5 by choosing with the corresponding number of teeth in m 〉=2, when n=3, should be chosen by m 〉=8.
2. brushless electric machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the wire of winding is selected directly solder type enamel covered wire of self-adhesion or self, and all should be flat raft, close around, and make between wire without overlapping the interlayer close-packed arrays as far as possible; It is symmetrical that every phase winding can stay centre tap, the tapping number of turn that each is alternate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200610130640 CN101018002B (en) | 2006-12-28 | 2006-12-28 | Small three-phase high-performance square wave permanent magnetic DC low-speed brushless motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200610130640 CN101018002B (en) | 2006-12-28 | 2006-12-28 | Small three-phase high-performance square wave permanent magnetic DC low-speed brushless motor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101018002A CN101018002A (en) | 2007-08-15 |
| CN101018002B true CN101018002B (en) | 2013-03-27 |
Family
ID=38726813
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200610130640 Expired - Fee Related CN101018002B (en) | 2006-12-28 | 2006-12-28 | Small three-phase high-performance square wave permanent magnetic DC low-speed brushless motor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101018002B (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101353076B (en) * | 2008-09-18 | 2012-07-18 | 李平 | Small electric vehicle central driver |
| CN101834507B (en) * | 2009-03-11 | 2012-11-28 | 稳正企业股份有限公司 | The brushless DC motor structure with a fixed ratio of plural magnetic pole pairs to the number of slots |
| CN101777804B (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2011-12-28 | 黄山市继林机械制造有限公司 | Motor for electromobile |
| CN101873017A (en) * | 2010-07-27 | 2010-10-27 | 浙江巨龙自动化设备有限公司 | Inner stator and production method thereof for brushless electric machine |
| CN102025304B (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2013-08-28 | 天津大学 | Method for reducing vibration and noise of permanent-magnet motor |
| CN102280977B (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2013-01-09 | 浙江迪贝电气股份有限公司 | Lamination tabling type stator and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103166334B (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2016-03-09 | 陈伟禧 | A kind of Split type electric machine stator and a kind of motor |
| CN102868273A (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2013-01-09 | 无锡锡山特种风机有限公司 | Stator structure of three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor |
| CN102938590B (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2016-02-24 | 永济新时速电机电器有限责任公司 | Pole core |
| CN105071565B (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-09-22 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Compressor, motor and stator punching sheet structure thereof |
| CN110401273B (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2021-01-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Fractional slot concentrated winding design method for low harmonics |
| CN110912294B (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2024-11-19 | 南京埃斯顿自动化股份有限公司 | Tooth-shoe separated permanent magnet motor stator core, permanent magnet motor and assembly method |
| CN212323826U (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2021-01-08 | 上海舞肌科技有限公司 | Permanent magnet brushless motor and multi-axis aircraft and robot comprising same |
| CN111342575B (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2024-10-29 | 大连智鼎科技有限公司 | Permanent magnet motor |
| CN112865364A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 西门子电动汽车动力总成系统(上海)有限公司 | Motor component, motor vehicle and method for assembling motor component |
| CN116720396B (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2025-04-01 | 岚图汽车科技有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and medium for determining motor rotor structure |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1260627A (en) * | 1999-01-14 | 2000-07-19 | 唐文方 | Permanent-magnet brushless DC motor |
| CN2464008Y (en) * | 2000-12-25 | 2001-12-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Brushless dc motor derectly driving washing machine |
| CN2558153Y (en) * | 2002-07-22 | 2003-06-25 | 海宁市富邦电气有限公司 | Direct driven permanent magnetic brushless dc motor for washig machine |
| EP1516418A1 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2005-03-23 | Amotech Co., Ltd. | Brushless direct-current motor of radial core type having a structure of double rotors and method for making the same |
| JP2005527873A (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2005-09-15 | コンピュータ アソシエイツ シンク，インコーポレイテッド | Virus detection system |
-
2006
- 2006-12-28 CN CN 200610130640 patent/CN101018002B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1260627A (en) * | 1999-01-14 | 2000-07-19 | 唐文方 | Permanent-magnet brushless DC motor |
| CN2464008Y (en) * | 2000-12-25 | 2001-12-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Brushless dc motor derectly driving washing machine |
| JP2005527873A (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2005-09-15 | コンピュータ アソシエイツ シンク，インコーポレイテッド | Virus detection system |
| EP1516418A1 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2005-03-23 | Amotech Co., Ltd. | Brushless direct-current motor of radial core type having a structure of double rotors and method for making the same |
| CN2558153Y (en) * | 2002-07-22 | 2003-06-25 | 海宁市富邦电气有限公司 | Direct driven permanent magnetic brushless dc motor for washig machine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101018002A (en) | 2007-08-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101018002B (en) | Small three-phase high-performance square wave permanent magnetic DC low-speed brushless motor | |
| CN201118414Y (en) | Square wave three-phase brushless permanent magnet DC motor | |
| Jin et al. | A modular permanent-magnet flux-switching linear machine with fault-tolerant capability | |
| Hua et al. | An outer-rotor flux-switching permanent-magnet-machine with wedge-shaped magnets for in-wheel light traction | |
| CN101371425B (en) | Square wave three-phase brushless permanent magnetic DC motor | |
| Eskandari et al. | An improved 9/12 two-phase E-core switched reluctance machine | |
| CN104682585B (en) | Assembling type pole changing stator iron core and winding | |
| Zhou et al. | Nonlinear equivalent magnetic circuit analysis for linear flux-switching permanent magnet machines | |
| CN104917348B (en) | The high-power odd number fractional-slot motor of electric car | |
| CN210669650U (en) | Tooth yoke separated permanent magnet motor stator core and permanent magnet motor | |
| WO2012119303A1 (en) | Three phase permanent magnet servomotor | |
| JP2007215305A (en) | Motor and its control device | |
| CN1848608A (en) | Stator permanent magnet variable reluctance motor | |
| CN102624183A (en) | Axial magnetic field permanent magnet brushless motor and assembly method | |
| CN107979258A (en) | A kind of permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine closed slot stator and its coil-inserting method | |
| CN203522352U (en) | A full-pitch winding switched reluctance motor | |
| CN102820757A (en) | Half-gear winding switch reluctance motor | |
| CN103532264A (en) | Switched reluctance motor of integral pitch winding | |
| CN110011436A (en) | A combined permanent magnet brushless motor stator and manufacturing method | |
| CN101986513A (en) | Fractional slot single and double-layer lap winding for servo permanent magnet synchronous motor | |
| CN202050299U (en) | Stator core and permanent magnet motor | |
| CN205178671U (en) | Stator and corresponding brushless direct current, three -phase switch magnetic resistance and shaded pole motor thereof | |
| Gao et al. | A review of high power density switched reluctance machines suitable for automotive applications | |
| Shen et al. | Analysis and optimization of a modular stator core with segmental teeth and solid back iron for pm electric machines | |
| CN202513795U (en) | Half-tooth winding switched reluctance motor |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: TIANJIN MINGDU TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: LI PING Effective date: 20131115 Free format text: FORMER OWNER: LI LIHUA Effective date: 20131115 |
|
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| COR | Change of bibliographic data |
Free format text: CORRECT: ADDRESS; FROM: 300381 NANKAI, TIANJIN TO: 300384 NANKAI, TIANJIN |
|
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20131115 Address after: 300384 Tianjin Binhai New District Huayuan Industrial Zone (outer ring) Haitai Huake Street No. 4 Building 3 room 108 Patentee after: TIANJIN MINGDU TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Address before: 300381 Tianjin City, Nankai District sunshine 100 Xiyuan No. 14 1 402 Patentee before: Li Ping Patentee before: Li Lihua |
|
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20160216 Address after: 300381 Tianjin city Nankai District Red Road Sunshine 100 West 14-1-402 Patentee after: Li Ping Address before: 300384 Tianjin Binhai New District Huayuan Industrial Zone (outer ring) Haitai Huake Street No. 4 Building 3 room 108 Patentee before: TIANJIN MINGDU TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20130327 Termination date: 20171228 |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |