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CN101016836A - 导向管束和使用该导向管束使井眼取向的方法 - Google Patents

导向管束和使用该导向管束使井眼取向的方法 Download PDF

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CN101016836A
CN101016836A CNA2007100877530A CN200710087753A CN101016836A CN 101016836 A CN101016836 A CN 101016836A CN A2007100877530 A CNA2007100877530 A CN A2007100877530A CN 200710087753 A CN200710087753 A CN 200710087753A CN 101016836 A CN101016836 A CN 101016836A
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J·A·祖帕尼克
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Abstract

公开了一种导向管束,包括:两根或多根导向管;其中所述两根或多根导向管各自包括在第一末端的第一孔隙和在第二末端的第二孔隙;其中所述导向管被设置为纵向上互相邻近,且其中所述各导向管第一孔隙的纵轴从所述导向管第二孔隙的纵轴偏移;其中,所述导向管彼此缠绕。还公开了使用该导向管束使井眼取向的方法。

Description

导向管束和使用该导向管束使井眼取向的方法
本申请是2002年10月16日提交的国际申请号为PCT/US02/33128号专利国际申请(国家申请号为02821021.2)、发明名称为“具有斜井井眼的入口井及方法”的中国专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明主要涉及一种开采地下资源的系统和方法,具体而言,涉及斜入口井的系统和方法。
背景技术
地下煤炭矿床中夹带着大量的甲烷气体。小量生产和使用煤炭矿床中的甲烷气体已经有很多年了。然而,大量障碍限制了煤层中的甲烷气体的进一步的开采和使用。开采煤层中的甲烷气体遇到的最主要的问题是在煤层可能延绵数千英亩的同时,在深度上相当地浅,从几英寸到几米不等。这样,虽然煤层离地面相对较近,但在煤炭矿床中打竖井来获取甲烷气体,却只能够采出煤层中很小半径范围内的气体。进一步地,煤炭矿床不适合用压裂及其他从岩层中增加甲烷气体产量的方法。因此,一旦开采了易于从煤层的竖井进行开采的气体,其进一步的生产量就有限了。此外,煤层中通常伴有地下水,而为了生产甲烷,就必须将地下水排出。
人们曾经尝试用水平钻井图案增加井眼与煤层的接触来开采气体。然而,这样的水平钻井技术要求使用辐射式的井眼,这给从煤层中取除地下水带来了困难。从地下井中泵出地下水的最有效的方法是使用杆式泵,但这种泵在水平井眼或辐射式井眼中却不能很好的工作。
由于在地面从煤层中开采甲烷气存在的这些困难,而甲烷又必须在开采前从煤层中取除,人们采用了一些地下方法。虽然使用地下方法能很容易将水从煤层中取除,并且能够消除欠合理钻井的状况,但是目前的采矿作业只能够进入有限数量的煤层。如果使用长壁开采术,例如,使用地下钻头从一个当前开采的采区钻一个水平井眼至随后将要开采的邻近采区。地下钻头的限制因素限制了这种水平井眼的延伸和有效引流的区域。另外,在开采当前采区的过程中对下一个采区进行脱气限制了脱气的时间。因此,为了在一个有限的时间段内取除气体,必须钻出很多水平井眼。另外,在高含气量或气体通过煤层迁移的情况下,采矿必须停止或延期,直到即将开采的下一个采区能充分脱气。这些生产延期增加了煤层脱气的相关费用。
发明概述
本发明提供了一种从地面进入地下区域的斜入口井系统和方法,该系统和方法基本上消除或减少了在先相关系统和方法存在的问题和缺点。具体地,本发明的一些具体实施例提供了一种从煤层中有效生产和取除夹带的甲烷气和水的斜入口井系统和方法,该系统和方法不需要过多使用辐射式井眼或连接井眼(articulated well bore)或大面积的钻井操作区域。
根据本发明的一个实施例,一种从地面进入到地下区域的系统包括一个从地面向下延伸的入口井眼。多个斜井井眼从入口井眼地下区域延伸。引流图案从所述斜井井眼延伸进入地下区域。
依照本发明的另一个实施例,一种从地面进入到地下区域的方法包括形成一个入口井眼,以及形成多个从所述入口井眼向地下区域延伸的斜井井眼。该方法还包括形成从所述斜井井眼进入地下区域的引流图案。
依照本发明的又一实施例,一种使井眼取向的方法包括从地面形成一个入口井眼以及向所述入口井眼中插入一导向管束。所述导向管束包括多根导向管。所述导向管被设置成彼此纵向邻近,在第一端有第一孔隙且在第二端有第二孔隙。所述导向管也可以彼此缠绕。一种方法也可以包括形成通过导向管束从所述入口井眼到一地下区域的多个斜井井眼。
本发明的实施例可以提供一个或多个技术上的优点。这些技术优点包括形成入口井眼、多个斜井井眼和引流图案,以优化对地下区域中的气体和液体进行引流的面积。这样就能够更有效的钻井和生产,并大大减少了其他方法和系统相关的费用和存在的问题。另一个技术优点包括提供了一种使用插入到入口井眼中的导向管束来使井眼取向的方法。所述导向管束允许斜井井眼彼此之间可简单地进行导向并通过优化所述斜井井眼之间的间隔,使地下资源的生产得到优化。
结合下面附图、描述和权利要求,本发明的其他技术优点对于本领的技术人员来说是显而易见的。
附图说明
为了更全面地理解本发明及其优点,可以参考下述说明描述以及相关附图,相同的数字标记代表相同的部分。
图1示出了一个从地下区域中开采资源的斜井系统;
图2A示出了一个从地下区域中开采资源的竖井系统;
图2B详细地示出了一个斜入口井系统的一部分;
图3示出了一种从地下区域中开采水和气体的方法;
图4A-4C示出了一种导向管束的构造;
图5示出了一种安装了导向管束的入口井眼;
图6示出了在入口井眼中使用导向管束的例子;
图7示出了具有斜井井眼的系统的例子;
图8示出了一个具有入口井眼和斜井井眼的系统的例子;
图9示出了一个具有斜井井眼和连接井眼(articulated well bore)系统的例子。
图10示出了在斜井系统中生产水和气体;
图11出示了一种使用具有一个斜井系统的排水型式;
图12示出了一种使用具有一个斜井系统的排水型式的排列。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一个从地面进入地下区域的斜井系统的例子。下面描述的实施例中,地下区域为煤层。可以理解,使用本发明的斜井系统,可以以同样的方式进入其他地下岩层和/或低压、超低压,和低孔隙度地下区域,以便取除和/或生产地下区域中的水、烃类和其他的流体,在采矿作业之前处理地下区域中的矿物,或者注入或引入流体、气体或其他的物质到地下区域中。
参考图1,一个斜井系统10包括一个入口井眼15、斜井20、连接井眼24、空腔26和鼠洞27(rat hole)。入口井眼15从地面11向地下区域22延伸。斜井20从入口井眼15的末端向地下区域22延伸,尽管斜井20可以替换性地从入口井眼15的任意其它合适部位延伸。如同图示的示例,如果在不同的深度上有多个地下区域22,斜井20贯穿最接近地面的地下区域22,进入并贯穿最深的地下区域22。连接井眼24可以从每一斜井20延伸分别进入每一地下区域22。空腔26和鼠洞27位于每一斜井20的末端。
在图1和图5-8中,图示的入口井眼15基本是垂直的,但是,可以理解,入口井眼15可以相对于地面11为任何合适的角度,以适应例如地面11的几何形状、状态和/或地下资源的几何形状或状态。在图示的实施方案中,斜井20偏离入口井眼15一定的角度,命名为α,在所示的实施方案中,该角度大约为20度。可以理解,斜井20也可以以其他角度形成,以适应地面的形貌和其他类似于影响入口井眼15的因素的因素。斜井20相互之间形成间隔角度β,在所示的实施方案中,该角度约为60度。可以理解,根据该地区的形貌和地理情况以及目标煤层22的位置,斜井20之间也可以同样以其他的角度间隔开。
斜井20也可以在每一斜井末端处包括一个空腔26和/或鼠洞27。斜井20可以包括空腔26和鼠洞27中的一个、两个,或者二者都不包括。
图2A和图2B用对比法示出了以一定角度形成斜井的优点。参考图2A,竖井井眼30具有一个伸入煤层22的连接井眼32。如图所示,从煤层22中引流到连接井眼32中的流体必须沿着连接井眼32向上朝竖井井眼30行进一段约为W英尺的距离之后,流体才在竖井井眼中聚集。这段W英尺的距离被称为静压头,在流体从竖井井眼30采集上来之前,必须要克服这个静压头。现参考图2B,图中斜入口井34具有一个伸入煤层22的连接井眼36,斜入口井34以α角度偏离垂直方向。如图中所示,从煤层中聚集的流体必须沿着连接井眼36向上行进一段W’英尺的距离到达斜入口井34中。因此,与竖井系统相比,斜入口井系统的静压头减少了。此外,通过以α角度形成斜入口井34,从脱离点或开始点38起钻的连接井眼36的曲率半径比竖井井眼30的连接井眼32大。这就允许连接井眼36比连接井眼32长(因为钻柱对半径部分的摩擦力减少了),由此可在煤层中穿入更长的距离并且引流地下区域中更大的范围。
图3表示了一种形成斜入口井的示例性方法。图3中的步骤将在下面的图4-11中得到进一步的解释。该方法从形成入口井眼的步骤100开始。在步骤105,一个带有导向管束的淡水套管或其他适当的套管被安装在步骤100形成的入口井眼中。在步骤110中,淡水套管接合剂在步骤100的入口井眼中固定到位。
在步骤115中,通过入口井眼以及导向管束中的一根导向管插入一根钻柱。在步骤120中,用钻柱钻进大约超出套管50英尺。在步骤125中,钻被定向至斜井的期望角度,而在步骤130中,斜井眼被向下钻进并贯穿目标地下区域。
在判定步骤135中,做出是否要求额外斜井的决定。如果要求额外斜井,则过程返回到步骤115并重复到步骤135。在后续的从步骤115到135的进程中,可以采取各种手段将钻柱引导进入到不同的导向管中,这对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。
如果不要求额外斜井,则过程继续执行步骤140。在步骤140中,安装斜井套管。接下去,在步骤145中,在目标煤层中钻一个短的圆形曲面。随后,在步骤150中,在煤层中并沿着煤层钻一个大致水平的井眼。可以理解,由于煤层方向的改变,该大致水平的井眼或许会偏离水平方向。接下来,在步骤155中,引流图案(drainage pattern)通过该大致水平的井眼钻入煤层中。在判定步骤157中,确定是否要对额外的地下区域进行引流,如同例如在地面以下有不同深度的多个地下区域的时候。如果有额外的地下区域要引流,则对于每一额外的地下区域重复步骤145到155。如果没有其它地下区域需要引流,则过程转入执行步骤160。
在步骤160中,在斜井中安装生产设备,在步骤165以从地下区域中生产水和气体而结束。
尽管对上述的步骤是以一定的顺序进行了描述,但可以理解,上述步骤可以按照任何其他的合理顺序来执行。另外,在适当的时候,我们可以省去其中的一个或多个步骤,也可以执行附加的步骤。
图4A,4B和4C示出了一个具有图3中步骤105所描述的关联导向管束的套管的构造。参考图4A,图中示出了三根导向管40的侧视图和端视图。导向管40彼此平行排列。在所示实施例中,导向管40是9 5/8″的接合套管(joint casing)。可以理解,其他的合适的材料也可以使用。
图4B示出了一种缠绕的导向管40。在保持侧向排列成γ度的同时,导向管40相互之间也扭转了γ度。导向管40以焊接或者其他的方式被固定在位。在一个实施例中,γ角为10度。
图4C示出了缠绕的、并连通和连接到一个套管接箍42的导向管40。导向管40和套管接箍42一起组成了导向管束43,该导向管束可以连接到淡水套管或其他的套管,后者的尺寸要与图1中入口井眼15的长度相适应或以其它适当方式配置。
图5示出了入口井眼15,导向管束43和套管44都安装在了入口井眼15中。入口井眼15形成在从地面11到一个大约390英尺的目标深度。如图所示,入口井眼15有一个大约24英寸的直径。入口井眼15的形成对应于图3中的步骤100。导向管束43(由接合套管40和套管接箍42组成)连接到套管44上。套管44可以是任意的淡水套管或其他适合在井下作业使用的套管。将套管44和导向管束43插入到入口井眼15中对应于图3中的步骤105。
对应于图3中的步骤110,接合剂固定器46被灌注或以其他的方式环绕套管安装于入口井眼15中。接合剂套管可以是适合将套管保持在入口井眼15的期望位置上的任何混合物或其他的物质。
图6示出了入口井眼15和套管44,其中导向管43处于即将要钻斜井20的工作模式。钻柱50进入导向管束43中的导管40中的一个之中。为了保持钻柱50处在套管44中的相对中心位置,可以使用稳定器52。稳定器52可以是环鳍型稳定器,或者是任何其他适合保持钻柱50相对中心位置的稳定器。为了将稳定器52在井眼15中保持在所期望的深度,可以使用止动卡箍(stop ring)53。止动卡箍53可以是由橡皮或金属或任何其他适合井下环境的物质构成。钻柱50可以随机插入导向管束43中的多根导向管40中任意一根中,或者钻柱50可以被导引进入一个选定的接合套管40中。这对应于图3中的步骤115。
图7示出了一个斜井20的示例系统。对应于图3中的步骤120,脱离井眼(tangent well bore)60超越入口井眼15的末端钻进大约50英尺(尽管也可以钻进任何其他的合理距离)。为了将磁干扰降到最少并改善钻井工人在所期望的方向上引导钻头的能力,脱离井眼60钻离套管44。对应于图3中的步骤125,钻一个辐射式井眼62来使钻头取向,为钻斜入口井眼64做准备。在一个特定的实施例中,辐射式井眼62以大约12度/100英尺的曲率弯曲(尽管也可以使用任何其他的合适的曲率)。
对应于图3中的步骤130,从辐射式井眼62的末端开始钻出一个斜入口井眼64,钻入并贯穿地下区域22。作为选择,斜井20可以直接从导向管40开始钻,无需包括脱离井眼60或辐射式井眼62。图中连接井眼65在其预期位置上了,但是它在钻的时间上要比鼠洞66晚,鼠洞是斜入口井眼64的延伸。鼠洞66也可以是一个直径扩大了的洞或其他适合的结构。在斜入口井眼64和鼠洞66钻完后,在斜井中安装套管之前,紧接着钻所有期望的其它斜井。
图8示出了斜入口井眼64的套管。为了容易说明,只图示了一口斜入口井眼64。对应于图3中的步骤140,造斜器套管70(whip stock casing)安装于斜入口井眼64中。在所示实施例中,造斜器套管70包括一个造斜器72(whip stock),该造斜器用来机械地导引钻柱进入期望的方向。可以理解,也可以使用其他合适的套管,当使用其他合适的方法确定钻头的方向通过斜入口井眼64进入地下区域22时,造斜器72的使用不是必须的。
套管70插入到入口井眼15中,穿过导向管束43并进入斜入口井眼64中。确定造斜器套管70的方向,从而使造斜器72定位,以便使随后的钻头可以被对准以在预期的深度钻入地下区域22。
图9示出了造斜器套管70和斜入口井眼64。如结合图8所讨论的,造斜器套管70放置于斜入口井眼64内,从而使钻柱50将被定向成在预期的脱离点或起始点38穿过斜入口井眼64。这对应于图3中的步骤145。钻柱50被用来在脱离或起始点38钻过斜入口井眼64以形成连接井眼36。在一个特定的实施例中,连接井眼36有一个约71英尺的半径和一个约80度/100英尺的曲率。在该同一实施例中,斜入口井眼64偏离垂直方向约10度。在这个实施例中,生产中产生的静压头约为30英尺。然而,应该理解,可以使用任何合适的半径、曲率和倾斜角。
图10示出了在使用钻柱50完成连接井眼36后的斜入口井64和连接井眼36。在一个特定的实施例中,如图3中的步骤150和155所表示的那样,随后可在地下区域22中形成一水平井眼和引流图案。
参考图10,造斜器套管70设于鼠洞66的底部,以准备生产油和气。在造斜器套管70的周围可以使用一密封环74,以防止连接井眼36中产出的气体逃逸到造斜器套管70之外。气孔76使逃逸的气体进入并向上通过造斜器套管70以供在地面收集。
泵杆78和电潜泵80用来取出通过连接井眼36从地下区域中积聚的水和其它液体。如图10所示,所述液体在重力和地下区域22的压力作用下,流经连接井眼36、沿斜入口井眼64向下进入鼠洞66中。液体从那里流入造斜器套管70的造斜器72上的开口,在管中与所安装的泵杆78和电潜泵80接触。电潜泵80可以是各种各样适合在井下环境中抽液并通过泵杆78将液体泵送到地面的电潜泵。泵杆78和电潜泵80的安装对应于图3中的步骤160。液体和气体的生产对应于图3中的步骤165。
图11示出了一个可以从连接井眼36开始钻的示例性引流图案90。在引流图案90的中心是入口井眼15。斜井20与入口井眼15连接。如上所述,在斜井20的末端是基本水平的井眼92,这些水平井眼对于每一斜井20大约形成一“眼角鱼尾纹”状的图案。在整个本申请中,  “每一”表示一个特定子集中的全部。在一个特定的实施例中,每一水平井眼92的水平延伸距离约为1500英尺。此外,平行的水平井眼92间的侧向间距约为800英尺。在这个特定的实施例中,将会形成一个约为290英亩的引流面积。在一个可选择的实施例中,基本水平的井眼92的水平延伸距离约为2440英尺,引流面积将会扩大至近640英亩。然而,任何其他的合适构型都可以使用。另外,任何其他合适的引水图案也可以使用。
图13示出了使所述引流图案90所覆盖的地下区域的引流面积最大化的多个彼此联系的引流图案90。每一引流图案90大致形成一个六边形的引流图案。因此,如图所示,引流图案90可以排列起来,引流图案90就形成大致蜂窝状的排列。
尽管结合实施例对本发明进行了描述,但是,各种各样的改变和修改可以被认为是本领域技术人员所熟知的。这意味着,这些改变和修改都包含在本发明中,并都在本发明所附权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种导向管束,包括:
两根或多根导向管;
其中所述两根或多根导向管各自包括在第一末端的第一孔隙和在第二末端的第二孔隙;
其中所述导向管被设置为纵向上互相邻近,且
其中所述各导向管第一孔隙的纵轴从所述导向管第二孔隙的纵轴偏移;
其中,所述导向管彼此缠绕。
2.如权利要求1所述的导向管束,其特征在于,所述导向管缠绕角度约为10度。
3.如权利要求1所述的导向管束,其特征在于:
所述导向管被设置成在它们的第一端彼此纵向邻近;且
所述导向管在第二端分离。
4.一种使井眼取向的方法,包括:
从地面形成一个入口井眼;
向入口井眼中插入一导向管束,所述导向管束包括:
两根或多根导向管,其中:
所述两根或多根导向管各自包括一个位于第一端的第一孔隙和一个位于第二端的第二孔隙;
所述导向管被设置成彼此纵向邻近;
所述的导向管彼此缠绕;
所述导向管第一孔隙的纵轴从所述导向管第二孔隙的纵轴偏移,以及
使用所述导向管束从所述入口井眼形成两个或多个斜井井眼。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中:
每一导向管的第一孔隙纵轴垂直取向;且
每一导向管的第二孔隙纵轴从第一孔隙纵轴偏移一定角度地取向。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,导向管的缠绕角度约为10度。
7.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于:
所述导向管设置成在它们的第一端彼此纵向邻近;且
所述导向管在它们的第二端分离。
CNA2007100877530A 2001-10-30 2002-10-16 导向管束和使用该导向管束使井眼取向的方法 Pending CN101016836A (zh)

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CN104790918B (zh) * 2015-05-05 2017-08-25 中国矿业大学 复杂地形条件下丛式井与水平井联合地面开采煤层气方法

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ATE317053T1 (de) 2006-02-15
US6848508B2 (en) 2005-02-01
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US8376039B2 (en) 2013-02-19
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US7048049B2 (en) 2006-05-23
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