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CN100487970C - Multilayer distributed battery managing system based on CAN bus - Google Patents

Multilayer distributed battery managing system based on CAN bus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100487970C
CN100487970C CNB2003101115998A CN200310111599A CN100487970C CN 100487970 C CN100487970 C CN 100487970C CN B2003101115998 A CNB2003101115998 A CN B2003101115998A CN 200310111599 A CN200310111599 A CN 200310111599A CN 100487970 C CN100487970 C CN 100487970C
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battery
bus
battery management
chip
ecu
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CN1553541A (en
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曾春年
程昌银
尹叶丹
吴友宇
李波
张成才
谢长君
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The multiple layers distribution type battery management system includes one upper layer battery management ECU (electric control unit) and multiple lower layer battery management ECUs. Characters are that connection between one upper layer battery management ECU and multiple lower layer battery management ECUs is realized through lower layer CAN bus network. The invented battery management system provides functions of estimating charged state of battery, controlling temperature of battery package through air-cooling, and balanced controlling consistency of battery parameters. Features of the invention are: compact connection between inside and outside, high anti-interference, and high reliability.

Description

A kind of multilayer distributed battery management system based on the CAN bus
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of battery management system of electric vehicles, particularly a kind of distributed battery management system specifically is a kind of multilayer distributed battery management system based on the CAN bus.
Background technology
In the face of environmental pollution, global warming, energy starved pressure, national governments, enterprise drop into a large amount of man power and materials electric motor car are researched and developed.Three kinds of electric motor cars of current research and development have pure electric vehicle, hybrid-power electric vehicle, fuel cell electric vehicle.Storage battery becomes electric motor car supplementary energy or main source of energy inevitably.Power accumulator commonly used has lead-acid battery, Ni-MH battery and lithium ion battery, and they have, and capacity is big, volume is little, dynamic property characteristics preferably, thereby becomes the first-selected electrokinetic cell of electric motor car research and development.Usually compose in series 1 batteries by 10 cell batteries, a plurality of batteries serial connections constitute power brick (deciding on the on-board high-voltage value).In the electric motor car use, the overcharging of storage battery, the damage that overdischarge will cause the deterioration of battery performance, and reduce battery life greatly.And how can be according to the characteristic of used battery, it is used safely and effectively is the key that is designed to of battery management system BMS (Battery Management System).BMS is responsible for detecting in real time and controlling the temperature of each battery pack in the power brick on the one hand, and when the power brick temperature was too high, drive fan was the power brick cooling.Be responsible for estimating in real time current battery capacity, i.e. state-of-charge SOC (State of Charge), and each battery pack carried out electric voltage equalization, judge whether to occur undesired battery unit, the concurrent alert signal of delivering newspaper.The accuracy of SOC estimating and measuring method has become one of bottleneck of electric motor car research and development, does not worldwide all obtain important breakthrough.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of optical fiber CAN (Control Area Network controller local area network) bus network interface of communicating by letter with outside other ECU (electronic control unit) that has is provided, internal system adopts the multilayer distributed battery management system of twisted-pair feeder CAN bus communication based on the CAN bus, to overcome above-mentioned defective.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted: the present invention includes a upper strata battery management ECU (electronic control unit) and a plurality of lower layer battery ECU, in order to realize the detection of each battery voltage, the voltage output end of each battery pack is connected with the voltage detecting input of corresponding lower layer battery ECU, in order to realize the detection of each battery pack temperature, on each battery pack temperature sensor has been installed, the output of each battery pack temperature transducer is connected with the temperature detection input of corresponding lower layer battery ECU, output at the integral battery door bag also is connected with voltage sensor and the current sensor that is used to detect integral battery door output, the output of these two transducers respectively with the voltage of upper strata battery management ECU, the current detecting input connects, and is characterized in: connect by the CAN bus network between a upper strata battery management ECU (electronic control unit) and a plurality of lower layer battery ECU (electronic control unit);
Above-mentioned upper strata battery management ECU is by a CAN1 chip (as SJA1000), A/D (mould/number) transducer, clock and power-off protecting circuit and DSP (digital signal processor) microcontroller that embeds CAN2 constitute, wherein the data/address bus D0-D7 of DSP microcontroller links to each other with the address/data bus AD0-AD7 of CAN1 chip respectively, real-time clock (RTC) DS12887 chip also is the device of 8 bit address data/address bus time-sharing multiplexs, its read-write access mode is identical with SJA1000 in the system, same with the peripheral I/O bus of its carry in DSP, real-time clock (RTC) is mainly used in power down protection SOC result, and writing time, guarantee the accuracy of SOC algorithm, the DSP microcontroller is exported control signal by built-in CAN2 chip by the optical fiber CAN communication module, the input of A/D converter is connected with current sensor output Ui with integral battery door bag voltage sensor output Us, and CAN1 chip and the CAN of lower floor bus network are carried out both-way communication;
Above-mentioned DSP microcontroller is also exported a fan control signal that is used for the storage battery cooling, exports a control signal that is used for the balanced control of storage battery;
Above-mentioned each lower layer battery ECU (electronic control unit) is made of microcontroller P89C591, a photoisolator that embeds CAN3, wherein six analog input ends of microcontroller P89C591 connect the voltage signal of each battery pack, one data lines links to each other with the battery pack temperature measuring-signal, and its output is carried out both-way communication by the CAN3 that embeds through photoisolator and the CAN of inner twisted pairs lower floor bus network;
Above-mentioned upper strata CAN bus network is the Active Optical Fiber stellate reticulum, and the CAN of lower floor bus network is a twisted-pair feeder CAN bus network.
The present invention has the optical fiber CAN bus network interface of communicating by letter with outside other ECU; For realizing the collection of battery characteristics parameter, be provided with a plurality of analog quantity inputs, they are respectively: storage battery total voltage signal, storage battery output current signal, each battery voltage signal, cell body surface temperature signal; Battery heat radiation for the benefit of realizes the battery fan control, is provided with the digital quantity delivery outlet of a fan control; For realizing battery balanced control, be provided with a balanced control figure amount delivery outlet; Battery management system hardware comprises a upper strata battery management ECU (electronic control unit) and a plurality of lower layer battery ECU (number of the ECU of lower floor is by the quantity decision of battery pack in the power brick); Upper strata battery management ECU and a plurality of lower layer battery ECU form inner CAN net, adopt bottom twisted-pair feeder CAN bus network to communicate.Upper strata battery management ECU communicates by letter with other node ECU through upper strata optical fiber CAN network by the optical fiber CAN interface.Upper strata battery management ECU and lower layer battery ECU have all adopted embedded microprocessor.Embedded microprocessor among the battery management ECU of upper strata is realized the collection and the A/D conversion of storage battery total voltage, current information, battery SOC (battery charge state) algorithm; Flush bonding processor among the lower layer battery ECU is realized the voltage of battery pack and temperature signal are carried out the A/D conversion.The CAN bus network communication is all adopted in inside and outside the communication of multilayer distributed battery management system that the present invention is based on the CAN bus, makes inside and outside line of this system all succinct, and strong interference immunity.Owing to the algorithm that native system adopts open circuit voltage and ampere-hour integration to combine, estimate the residual capacity SOC of storage battery more accurately.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural principle block diagram of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the circuit structure diagram of upper strata battery management ECU.
Fig. 3 is the circuit structure diagram of lower layer battery ECU.
The circuit structure diagram of Fig. 4 optical fiber CAN bus communication.
Fig. 5 digital temperature sensor interface circuit figure.
The SOC algorithm flow chart of Fig. 6 embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, but this embodiment should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention as shown in Figure 1, it has the optical fiber CAN interface of communicating by letter with other ECU in the electric motor car, for realizing the collection of battery characteristics parameter, be provided with a plurality of analog quantity inputs, they are respectively: storage battery total voltage signal, storage battery output current signal, each battery voltage signal, each battery surface temperature signal; Battery heat radiation for the benefit of realizes the battery fan control, is provided with the digital quantity delivery outlet of a fan control; For guaranteeing the consistency of battery parameter, realize battery balanced control, be provided with a balanced control figure amount delivery outlet.
It comprises a upper strata battery management ECU (electronic control unit) and 4 lower layer battery ECU the present invention; Power brick used in the present invention is made of 24 battery pack.System realizes that battery pack information detects, i.e. lower layer battery ECU to lower layer battery ECU of per 6 battery pack configuration 1-ECU 44 lower layer battery ECU and upper strata battery management ECU form a twisted-pair feeder CAN bus network.Upper strata battery management ECU is two CAN controller architectures, CAN1 controller and lower layer battery ECU form the twisted-pair feeder CAN network of battery management system inside, other ECU forms car load optical fiber CAN bus network in another embedded type C AN2 controller and the car, its network topology structure is a star, transmission medium is a plastic fiber, and all CAN networks all adopt the CAN2.0B host-host protocol.
As shown in Figure 2, the upper strata battery management ECU of the embodiment of the invention mainly by the DSP control unit, extend out CAN controller unit, A/D sampling unit, real-time clock (RTC) and power down protection unit and form.The chip that DSP adopts is TMS320LF2407, and extending out CAN1 control model is SJA1000, and 12 high accuracy double integration A/D converter ICL7109 that A/D adopts, real-time clock (RTC) and power down protection adopt chip DS12887 to finish in the lump.In the present embodiment, the interface of three kinds of devices and DSP all adopts the I/O bus access mode of DSP more than.Wherein all adopted the method for carrying out timing simulation by the I/O mouth for the read-write of CAN1 controller SJA1000 and real-time clock (RTC) and power down protection employing chip DS12887.
As shown in Figure 3, the embedded microcontroller that lower layer battery ECU adopted of the embodiment of the invention is the P87C591 single-chip microcomputer, its internal hardware is integrated CAN controller and A/D analog-to-digital conversion module.6 battery pack of each battery pack ECU management, its function is the voltage and the temperature information of 6 battery pack of measurement, and this information is sent to upper strata battery management ECU by twisted-pair feeder CAN bus.The voltage of 6 tunnel battery pack is connected to 6 road A/D input ports of embedded microcontroller P87C591 respectively behind the overvoltage modulate circuit.The holding wire of No. 6 temperature sensors is connected to the same road I/O mouth of embedded microcontroller P87C591.
As shown in Figure 4, integrated CAN2 controller and interior other ECU of car of dsp chip forms upper strata optical fiber CAN bus network among the battery management ECU of upper strata, and communication media adopts plastic fiber.The transmission pin TX end of this CAN2 controller strengthens driving force by 75451 chips, links to each other with plastic fiber through electrooptic conversion module HFBR1528 then.Other ECU signal becomes the reception pin RX end that the signal of telecommunication is connected to the CAN2 controller through Optical Fiber Transmission by photoelectric conversion module HFBR2528.
As shown in Figure 5, the temperature sensor that is adopted in the embodiment of the invention is one-line digital temperature sensor, and model is DS18B20.The precision of this transducer is ± 0.5 ℃, and the temperature transition of its 12 bit pattern resolution as a result is 0.0625 ℃.This transducer line is simple, has 3 lines, is respectively power line, ground wire and data wire.In each lower layer battery ECUi, the temperature sensor on 6 battery pack is hung over simultaneously on the I/O mouth of 1 single-chip microcomputer P89C591, distinguish by the ID that chip solidified.Adopt this temperature sensor to make that the line between battery and the management system is succinct.
As shown in Figure 6 be the software flow pattern of the SOC algorithm of the embodiment of the invention.The SOC algorithm is divided into two parts in the present embodiment.A part is the initial capacity value Cap of estimation SOC, the capacity when promptly battery is started working.Another part is battery operated middle estimation SOC value.Because selected Ni-MH battery capacity is 12Ah, 12Ah discharged 1 hour under 12 Ampere currents.Be convenience of calculation, the total capacity of 12Ah is converted into CapO=43200 ampere-second.Because the open circuit voltage and the SOC value of battery have certain corresponding relation during stable state.Definition SOC value is: (1) initial capacity estimation algorithm: when battery was not worked in 12 hours, adopt open circuit voltage estimation SOC initial capacity, otherwise adopt the SOC value of preserving before outage last time as the battery initial capacity.(2) dynamic capacity estimation algorithm: when battery is in running status, with the initial capacity is the battery capacity initial value, adopt the dynamic capacity of ampere-hour integration method (or claiming the electric weight accumulative) estimation SOC, every 200ms carries out an electric weight accumulation, determines the current capacity of battery dynamic duty.
Through reality test, the battery management system of the embodiment of the invention has that the inside and outside line of system is succinct, and working stability is reliable, and this SOC algorithm is more accurate to the estimation result of SOC value.
The content that is not described in detail in this specification belongs to this area professional and technical personnel's known prior art.

Claims (8)

1、一种基于CAN总线的多层分布式的电池管理系统，包括一个上层电池管理ECU和多个下层电池组ECU，为了实现各电池组电压的检测，各电池组的电压输出端与相应下层电池组ECU的电压检测输入端连接，为了实现各电池组温度的检测，各电池组上安装了温度传感器，各电池组温度传感器的输出与相应下层电池组ECU的温度检测输入端连接，在整体电池包的输出端还连接有用于检测整体电池输出的电压传感器和电流传感器，这两个传感器的输出分别与上层电池管理ECU的电压、电流检测输入端连接，其特征在于：一个上层电池管理ECU和多个下层电池组ECU之间通过CAN总线网络连接。1. A multi-layer distributed battery management system based on CAN bus, including an upper-layer battery management ECU and multiple lower-layer battery pack ECUs. The voltage detection input terminal of the battery pack ECU is connected. In order to realize the detection of the temperature of each battery pack, a temperature sensor is installed on each battery pack, and the output of each battery pack temperature sensor is connected to the temperature detection input terminal of the corresponding lower battery pack ECU. The output terminal of the battery pack is also connected with a voltage sensor and a current sensor for detecting the output of the whole battery. The outputs of these two sensors are respectively connected with the voltage and current detection input terminals of the upper battery management ECU. It is characterized in that: an upper battery management ECU It is connected with multiple lower battery pack ECUs through the CAN bus network. 2、如权利要求1所述的一种基于CAN总线的多层分布式的电池管理系统，其特征在于：上层电池管理ECU由一个CAN1芯片、A/D转换器、时钟与断电保护电路和一个嵌入CAN2的DSP微控制器构成，时钟与断电保护电路采用DS12887芯片，其中DSP微控制器的数据总线D0-D7分别与CAN1芯片的地址/数据总线AD0-AD7相连、DS12887芯片是8位地址数据总线分时复用的器件，其读写访问方式与系统中CAN1芯片相同，同样将DS12887芯片挂载于DSP的外围I/O总线，DS12887芯片主要用于掉电保护SOC结果，以及记录时间，保证SOC算法的精确性，DSP微控制器通过内置的CAN2芯片通过光纤CAN通讯模块输出控制信号，A/D转换器的输入端与整体电池包电压传感器输出端Us和电流传感器输出端Ui相连接。2. A multi-layer distributed battery management system based on CAN bus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the upper battery management ECU consists of a CAN1 chip, A/D converter, clock and power-off protection circuit and A DSP microcontroller embedded in CAN2 is formed, and the clock and power-off protection circuit adopts the DS12887 chip, in which the data bus D0-D7 of the DSP microcontroller is respectively connected with the address/data bus AD0-AD7 of the CAN1 chip, and the DS12887 chip is 8 bits The device with time-division multiplexing of address data bus has the same read and write access mode as the CAN1 chip in the system. The DS12887 chip is also mounted on the peripheral I/O bus of the DSP. The DS12887 chip is mainly used for power-down protection SOC results and recording Time, to ensure the accuracy of the SOC algorithm, the DSP microcontroller outputs the control signal through the built-in CAN2 chip through the optical fiber CAN communication module, the input terminal of the A/D converter is connected with the output terminal Us of the overall battery pack voltage sensor and the output terminal Ui of the current sensor connected. 3、如权利要求2所述的一种基于CAN总线的多层分布式的电池管理系统，其特征在于：DSP微控制器还输出一个用于给蓄电池降温的风扇控制信号，输出一个用于蓄电池均衡控制的控制信号。3. A multi-layer distributed battery management system based on CAN bus as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the DSP microcontroller also outputs a fan control signal for cooling the battery, and outputs a fan control signal for the battery Control signal for equalization control. 4、如权利要求1所述的一种基于CAN总线的多层分布式的电池管理系统，其特征在于：每个下层电池组ECU由一个嵌入CAN3的微控制器和光电隔离器构成，其中微控制器的模拟输入端连接各电池组的电压信号，一根数据线与电池组温度测量信号相连，微控制器的输出通过嵌入的CAN3经光电隔离器与下层CAN总线网络进行双向通讯。4. A multi-layer distributed battery management system based on CAN bus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: each lower battery pack ECU is composed of a microcontroller embedded in CAN3 and a photoelectric isolator, wherein the microcontroller The analog input terminal of the controller is connected to the voltage signal of each battery pack, a data line is connected to the temperature measurement signal of the battery pack, and the output of the microcontroller communicates bidirectionally with the lower CAN bus network through the embedded CAN3 through the photoelectric isolator. 5、如权利要求2所述的一种基于CAN总线的多层分布式的电池管理系统，其特征在于：上层ECU光纤CAN网络的CAN2芯片的发送引脚TX端通过75451芯片增强驱动能力，然后经过电光转换模块HFBR1528与塑料光纤相连，其它ECU信号经光纤传输通过光电转换模块HFBR2528变为电信号接至CAN2芯片的接收引脚RX端。5. A multi-layer distributed battery management system based on CAN bus as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the transmission pin TX end of the CAN2 chip of the upper ECU optical fiber CAN network enhances the driving capability through the 75451 chip, and then After the electro-optical conversion module HFBR1528 is connected to the plastic optical fiber, other ECU signals are transmitted through the optical fiber and converted into electrical signals through the photoelectric conversion module HFBR2528, and then connected to the receiving pin RX of the CAN2 chip. 6、如权利要求4所述的一种基于CAN总线的多层分布式的电池管理系统，其特征在于：温度传感器采用数字式温度传感器，上述嵌入CAN3的微控制器是嵌入式微处理器P89C591，多个温度传感器的信号端接至嵌入式微处理器P89C591的同一个I/O口。6. A multi-layer distributed battery management system based on CAN bus as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the temperature sensor adopts a digital temperature sensor, and the microcontroller embedded in CAN3 is an embedded microprocessor P89C591, The signal terminals of multiple temperature sensors are connected to the same I/O port of the embedded microprocessor P89C591. 7、如权利要求2所述的一种基于CAN总线的多层分布式的电池管理系统，其特征在于：上层电池管理ECU中的微控制器DSP采用嵌入式DSP芯片TMS320LF2407，CAN1芯片采用外扩SJA1000。7. A multi-layer distributed battery management system based on CAN bus as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the microcontroller DSP in the upper battery management ECU adopts an embedded DSP chip TMS320LF2407, and the CAN1 chip adopts external expansion SJA1000. 8、如权利要求4所述的一种基于CAN总线的多层分布式的电池管理系统，其特征在于：所述嵌入CAN3的微控制器是P87C591单片机。8. A multi-layer distributed battery management system based on CAN bus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the microcontroller embedded in CAN3 is a P87C591 single-chip microcomputer.
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