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CN100476256C - 汽车用的动力传动系 - Google Patents

汽车用的动力传动系 Download PDF

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CN100476256C
CN100476256C CNB2004800037975A CN200480003797A CN100476256C CN 100476256 C CN100476256 C CN 100476256C CN B2004800037975 A CNB2004800037975 A CN B2004800037975A CN 200480003797 A CN200480003797 A CN 200480003797A CN 100476256 C CN100476256 C CN 100476256C
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primary clutch
internal combustion
combustion engine
control unit
load
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CN1836119A (zh
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于尔根·莱格纳
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H45/00—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches 
    • F16H45/02—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches  with mechanical clutches for bridging a fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/12—Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger
    • B60T7/122—Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger for locking of reverse movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/188—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power
    • B60W30/1884—Avoiding stall or overspeed of the engine
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2246—Control of prime movers, e.g. depending on the hydraulic load of work tools
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/226—Safety arrangements, e.g. hydraulic driven fans, preventing cavitation, leakage, overheating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
    • E02F9/2296—Systems with a variable displacement pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D25/00—Fluid-actuated clutches
    • F16D25/12—Details not specific to one of the before-mentioned types
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/38—Control of exclusively fluid gearing
    • F16H61/48—Control of exclusively fluid gearing hydrodynamic
    • F16H61/50—Control of exclusively fluid gearing hydrodynamic controlled by changing the flow, force, or reaction of the liquid in the working circuit, while maintaining a completely filled working circuit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/10—Accelerator pedal position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/12—Brake pedal position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/02—Clutches
    • B60W2710/021—Clutch engagement state
    • B60W2710/022—Clutch actuator position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/188—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power
    • B60W30/1886—Controlling power supply to auxiliary devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
    • B60Y2200/14—Trucks; Load vehicles, Busses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H45/00—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches 
    • F16H2045/002—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches  comprising a clutch between prime mover and fluid gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H2057/0075—Modifying standard transmissions from manufacturer, e.g. by adding an extension for additional ratios
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2342/00—Calibrating
    • F16H2342/04—Calibrating engagement of friction elements
    • F16H2342/044—Torque transmitting capability
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/84—Data processing systems or methods, management, administration

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
  • Control Of Fluid Gearings (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)

Abstract

用于作业机械，最好是轮胎式装载机的动力传动系，具有内燃机(1)，内燃机通过初级离合器(2)驱动液力变矩器(3)，液力变矩器的输出轴驱动减速器(4)。发动机(1)与动力输出装置(6)连接并驱动负载(7)。发动机(1)和液力变矩器设计为使得在制动停车时并且负载(7)未启动时，发动机接近其最大扭矩运行。如果另外启动了负载(7)，则向打开方向操作初级离合器(2)，直到保持一定的发动机转速为止。

Description

汽车用的动力传动系
本发明涉及一种汽车用的动力传动系。
这种动力传动系具有内燃机，该内燃机一方面通过液力变矩器和后面连接的可换档的减速器驱动驱动轮，另一方面与可起动的负载连接。通常该设计使用在作业机械中，如例如轮胎式装载机，其中作为负载的静液压泵与发动机有效连接，并向转向器或者提升机构以及铲斗提供压力介质以进行操纵。在将该动力传动系用于这种车辆情况下，在设计发动机和液力变矩器时，动力输出装置的功率和行驶驱动装置的功率同样重要。发动机和其变矩器一起通常具有陡的扭矩升高，这种扭矩升高例如可以约为35％，并且发动机和其变矩器设计为在车辆的制动停车时，在负载不起作用情况下，发动机以其额定转速运行。由于发动机的陡的扭矩升高，在动力输出装置上的负载完全起动时发动机转速下降，在此发动机扭矩升高，由此防止发动机突然停车。由于这种设计，在纯行驶运行情况下，车辆处于不利的效率范围，这导致燃料消耗增加。
DE 691 26 327 T2公开了一种车辆动力传动系用的电动液压控制器，其根据制动阀控制布置在发动机和变矩器之间的初级离合器，由此作业液压系统在一定的运行状态可使用更多的发动机功率。
本发明的任务在于公开一种带有内燃机和变矩器以及动力输出装置的汽车用的动力传动系，其突出之处在于燃料消耗少。
该任务通过一种汽车用的动力传动系解决。
根据本发明，汽车用的动力传动系具有内燃机和动力输出装置，该内燃机通过初级离合器与液力变矩器连接，而液力变矩器驱动减速器。动力输出装置与内燃机连接并且驱动负载。动力传动系还具有电子控制单元以及多个传感器，传感器用于检测内燃机、初级离合器、液力变矩器、负载的工作状态，电子控制单元与传感器连接并根据由传感器提供的信号控制初级离合器，使得在全负荷并且车辆停下时，即所谓的制动停车时，在负载未启动的情况，电子控制单元令初级离合器保持闭合并且内燃机的扭矩接近其最大扭矩；在负载启动的情况，电子控制单元在打开方向上操作初级离合器，使得动力输出装置具有一定的转速。
内燃机与其变矩器关于行驶驱动装置优化设计，由此在车辆制动停车时，从而在车辆停下并且发动机处于全负荷情况下，发动机接近其最大扭矩，其中在该制动停车时，动力输出装置上的负载不启动。因此发动机在行驶时以明显低的转速运行，降低了燃料消耗。最好使用具有平坦的扭矩上升，例如15％，的发动机。在制动停车时，发动机最好位于约1700U/min范围内。最好使用具有较高扭矩吸收的变矩器，由此产生较小的变矩器打滑，这额外有利于降低燃料消耗。通过启动动力输出装置而使发动机所受负荷超过其最大扭矩会导致发动机停机，为防止发生这种情况，根据发动机的运行状态向打开方向操纵初级离合器，直到保证发动机的运行为止。在该运行状态，此时初级离合器打滑，产生的牵引力比初级离合器闭合时的小。为使初级离合器打滑情况下获得的牵引力和无初级离合器的可比传动一样大，可以在动力换档变速器中挂入另外的传动级。只有当操纵负载时才需要该附加的档位。
在另一个设计方案中，在启动负载情况下，一直向打开方向操纵初级离合器，直到在负载上保证一定的转速为止。存在这样的可能性，即电子控制单元与传感器连接并根据该信号控制初级离合器，使得发动机可可靠运行并且负载具有足够的转速，其中所述传感器例如检测发动机工作状态以及初级离合器工作状态、变速器工作状态以及内燃机工作状态。最好初级离合器在动力输出装置不启动情况下保持完全闭合。在此有这样的可能性，即将加速踏板位置按比例用作发动机的负荷信号。如果例如轮胎式装载机在加速踏板完全踩下时堆积散装货物，则行驶速度与阻力相比减少，直到车辆停下为止。此时迫使发动机接近其最大扭矩。如果现在启动举升液压系统并从而启动动力输出装置，则电子控制器向打开方向操纵初级离合器，使得不会超过一定的发动机转速。存在这样的可能性，即在动力换档变速器内，在该状态挂入另一个高的传动级，由此使牵引力保持较高，如在无初级离合器的可比传动情况下一样。用于启动动力输出装置的信号可例如通过传感器从操纵杆或者用动力输出装置的液压泵上的传感器获得。在另一个实施形式中，与加速踏板位置成比例地控制发动机转速，其中牵引力可通过组合的制动-缓动-踏板降低。这里存在这样的可能性，即制动-缓动-踏板设计为具有至少两个范围，其中在操纵行程的第一范围只通过初级离合器降低牵引力，而在另外的操纵行程的第二范围按比例增加地操纵脚制动器。在此初级离合器进一步脱开。通过使用该额外功能，防止了例如在斜坡上的回退。
因此，通过本发明获得了汽车用的动力传动系，通过将发动机和液力变矩器关于行驶驱动装置优化设计，并且初级离合器通过动力输出装置实现额外的功率吸收，使该动力传动系具有燃料消耗的突出特点。
对附图的描述给出了另外的特征。
单个图示出了发动机1，其设计为内燃机，通过初级离合器2与液力变矩器3连接。液力变矩器的输出轴与可换档的减速器4连接，减速器的输出轴5与未示出的汽车驱动轮连接。负载7通过动力输出装置6直接与发动机1连接。负载7设计为齿轮泵或者可调整的液压轴向柱塞泵，并向液压缸8，例如轮胎式装载机铲斗的举升缸，供给。液压缸8可通过操纵杆9启动。电子控制单元10从传感器11获知发动机1的转速，从传感器12获知初级离合器2的工作状态，从传感器13获知液力变矩器3的工作转速，从传感器14获知加速踏板的踏板位置，从传感器15获知制动踏板的踏板位置，从传感器16获知操纵杆9的把手位置。存在这样的可能性，即液力变矩器3用锁上离合器有效连接，该锁上离合器从一定的液力变矩器3工作状态起打开或者闭合。例如当轮胎式装载机正在运输行驶时，电子控制单元10通过传感器16断定液压缸未启动并且保持初级离合器2闭合。由此发动机1和液力变矩器3以最佳的效率范围运行，因为液力变矩器3和发动机1在制动停车时设计为发动机1在转速降低时处于其最大扭矩区域。如果在轮胎式装载机情况下操纵举升机构，则电子控制单元10通过传感器16确认了操纵杆9的操作，因此电子控制单元根据通过传感器11和传感器14获知的发动机1的工作状态操纵初级离合器2，使得或者保持一定的动力输出装置6的转速，或者发动机1不要下降到低于一定的转速水平。如果电子控制单元10通过传感器15断定，制动踏板被踩下，则电子控制单元10向打开方向操纵初级离合器2。这里存在这样的可能性，即在制动踏板的第一行程范围只通过初级离合器2降低牵引力，并且在另一个制动踏板行程范围向闭合方向操纵未示出的脚制动器。
由此动力传动系的运行可节省燃料。
附图标记
1发动机
2初级离合器
3液力变矩器
4减速器
5输出轴
6动力输出装置
7负载
8液压缸
9操纵杆
10电子控制单元
11传感器
12传感器
13传感器
14传感器
15传感器
16传感器

Claims (8)

1.用于汽车的动力传动系，带有内燃机(1)和动力输出装置(6)，其中所述内燃机(1)通过液力变矩器(3)驱动减速器(4)，其中在内燃机(1)和液力变矩器(3)之间有初级离合器(2)，所述动力输出装置(6)与内燃机(1)连接并且驱动负载(7)，其特征在于，动力传动系还具有电子控制单元(10)以及多个传感器，所述传感器用于检测内燃机(1)的工作状态、初级离合器(2)的工作状态、液力变矩器(3)的工作状态、负载(7)的工作状态，所述电子控制单元(10)与所述传感器连接并根据由所述传感器提供的信号控制初级离合器(2)，使得在全负荷并且车辆停下时，即所谓的制动停车时，在负载(7)未启动的情况，电子控制单元(10)令初级离合器(2)保持闭合并且内燃机(1)的转矩接近内燃机的最大扭矩；在负载(7)启动的情况，电子控制单元(10)在打开方向上操作初级离合器(2)，使得动力输出装置(6)具有一定的转速。
2.根据权利要求1的动力传动系，其中，传感器还用于检测制动踏板的踏板位置，如果检测到制动踏板被踩下，则电子控制单元(10)向打开方向操作初级离合器(2)。
3.根据权利要求2的动力传动系，其中，在启动负载(7)并且检测到制动踏板被踩下的情况下，电子控制单元(10)完全向打开方向操作初级离合器(2)。
4.根据权利要求1的动力传动系，其中，在初级离合器(2)打滑情况下，在减速器(4)内挂入较高的传动级。
5.操作用于汽车的动力传动系中的初级离合器(2)的方法，其中动力传动系带有内燃机(1)和动力输出装置(6)，其中所述内燃机(1)通过液力变矩器(3)驱动减速器(4)，其中在内燃机(1)和液力变矩器(3)之间有初级离合器(2)，所述动力输出装置(6)与内燃机(1)连接并且驱动负载(7)，动力传动系还具有电子控制单元(10)以及与其连接的多个传感器，其特征在于，所述传感器用于检测内燃机(1)的工作状态、初级离合器(2)的工作状态、液力变矩器(3)的工作状态、负载(7)的工作状态，所述电子控制单元(10)根据由所述传感器提供的信号控制初级离合器(2)，使得在全负荷并且车辆停下时，即所谓的制动停车时，在负载(7)未启动的情况，电子控制单元(10)令初级离合器(2)保持闭合并且内燃机(1)的转矩接近内燃机的最大扭矩；在负载(7)启动情况下，电子控制单元(10)在打开方向上操作初级离合器(2)，使得动力输出装置(6)具有一定的转速。
6.根据权利要求5的方法，其中，传感器还检测制动踏板的踏板位置，如果检测到制动踏板被踩下，则电子控制单元(10)向打开方向操作初级离合器(2)。
7.根据权利要求6的方法，其中，在启动负载(7)并且检测到制动踏板被踩下的情况下，电子控制单元(10)完全向打开方向操作初级离合器(2)。
8.根据权利要求5的方法，其中，在初级离合器(2)打滑情况下，在减速器(4)内挂入较高的传动级。
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