CN100406073C - 放射性纳米涂膜复合支架及其制备方法 - Google Patents
放射性纳米涂膜复合支架及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域,尤其涉及治疗食道、气道和胆道肿瘤的放射性纳米涂膜支架及其制备方法。目前临床上应用的放射性金属内支架,主要是用于血管良性病变扩张后再狭窄的预防,在防治恶性肿瘤所致的腔道狭窄方面,仍存在许多问题。本发明利用先进的核技术和纳米技术研制放射性纳米涂层复合支架,在原有医用支架上涂覆一层载带同位素125I的纳米复合膜,放射剂量在300微居~900微居,涂膜的厚度不大于300nm。本发明集支撑作用、防瘘、放射治疗作用于一身。在较长时间内维持管道的畅通,不仅提高患者的生活质量,同时延长患者的寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域,尤其涉及用于治疗食道、气道和胆道肿瘤的放射性纳米涂膜复合支架及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前,晚期恶性肿瘤的治疗方法,主要采取综合治疗手段,包括手术、全身化疗、内放疗、外放疗、激光以及支持治疗,金属支架在解决食道癌、支气管肺癌、胆管癌、结肠癌等晚期癌症的管腔恶性狭窄方面收到了良好效果,并在临床上得到广泛应用。近年来,支架技术联合腔内近距离辐射技术,能有效地缓解了恶性肿瘤患者的梗阻症状,主要方式有:(1)以导管为基础的高剂量后装源照射;(2)液体充盈球囊源照射;(3)直接植人放射性血管支架。
但目前临床上应用的放射性金属内支架,主要是用于血管良性病变扩张后再狭窄的预防,在防治恶性肿瘤所致的腔道狭窄方面,仍存在许多问题:(1)放射同位素与金属网状支架结合量不足以达到对恶性肿瘤治疗量。(2)在某些情况下(如溃疡型食道癌、溃疡型结肠癌)不能进行腔内近距离辐射,因为这样有可能导致穿孔造成瘘等并发症(参见张晓东等《放射性血管支架制备研究进展》,《核技术》2001,24(11):946-950)。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于治疗食道、气道和胆道肿瘤的放射性纳米涂膜复合支架。
本发明提供一种用于治疗食道、气道和胆道肿瘤的放射性纳米涂膜复合支架,该支架是集支撑作用、防瘘、放射治疗作用于一身。该放射性纳米复合支架是在高分子聚合物膜状材料上涂覆填充有同位素125I的纳米材料,放射剂量在300微居-900微居,涂膜的厚度不大于300nm。
上述的高分子聚合物可以是聚氨酯。
上述的纳米材料可以是碳纳米管(CNTs)。
本发明还提供了上述放射性纳米涂膜复合支架的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:
(1)含125I的NaI在纳米材料中的填充
将纯化的纳米材料放在测量管中,橡皮塞封口,用真空泵将测量管抽真空;将含125I的NaI溶液注入到测量管中,超声分散,静置12小时以上;对注入含125I的NaI的纳米材料用去离子水进行多次洗涤;
(2)将上述填充有125I的纳米材料掺入高聚物溶液中,通过浸渍或喷涂使原有的医用支架表面附着一层液体,使其凝固,形成薄涂层,即得放射性纳米涂膜复合支架。
本发明是采用当今先进的核技术和纳米技术研制放射性纳米涂层复合支架。本发明利用纳米材料提高有机膜与金属支架的结合强度,同时提高膜的耐磨性、耐划伤性、韧性,提高支架的使用寿命。本发明利用金属支架的张力对狭窄管道具有支撑作用;纳米微末膜状材料起到对恶性肿瘤生长的机械性阻挡和防瘘作用;复合支架的125I释放的β粒子可以达到治疗剂量和强度,这样可以在较长时间内维持管道的畅通,不仅提高患者的生活质量,同时延长患者的寿命。本发明还具有操作方便、安全、剂量均匀且容易控制的特点。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
制备放射性纳米涂膜的食道复合125I支架
医用食道金属内支架(规格为30×10毫米),购自常州智力微创医疗器械有限公司。
称取16mg纯化开口处理后的碳纳米管(CNTs),放在测量管中,橡皮塞封口,用真空泵将测量管抽真空。取5μL一定活度的(125I)NaI溶液,加入到1mL去离子水中,振荡。然后用注射器将此溶液注入到已抽真空的密闭测量管中,超声分散,静置过夜。对注入(125I)NaI的CNTs用去离子水进行多次洗涤,以除去CNTs外壁粘附的(125I)NaI,每次洗涤离心后用NaI(T1)阱型闪烁γ计数器分别测量上清液和CNTs的放射性计数率。将填充有放射性核素125I掺入中等黏度的聚氨酯溶液,通过浸渍或喷涂使医用食道金属内支架表面附着一层液体,然后使其凝固,最后形成一层油漆样的薄涂层,即得放射性纳米涂膜的食道复合支架。
上述支架的放射剂量为300微居;放射剂量误差为10-15%(与支架尺寸有关)。
体外实验:125I的涂层浸泡在生理盐水中35天的泄漏率为0.2%。
上述支架弯曲180度,在显微镜下放大100倍无裂痕,无脱落。
抗压缩实验:上述支架在压缩5倍情况下,膜在显微镜下放大100倍无裂痕,无折曲、无脱落;
上述支架涂膜的厚度不大于300nm。
实施例2:
制备了放射性纳米涂膜的气管复合125I支架
医用气管金属内支架,购自常州智力微创医疗器械有限公司。
纳米涂膜制备方法同实施例1,医用气道金属内支架规格为10×5毫米,支架的放射剂量为900微居;放射剂量误差为10-15%(与支架尺寸有关)。
体外实验:125I的涂层浸泡在生理盐水中35天的泄漏率为0.2%。
上述支架弯曲180度,在显微镜下放大100倍无裂痕,无脱落。
抗压缩实验:上述支架在压缩5倍情况下,膜在显微镜下放大100倍无裂痕,无折曲、无脱落。
上述支架涂膜的厚度不大于300nm。
实施例3:
放射性纳米涂膜复合支架的动物实验
1)放射性纳米涂膜的食道复合125I支架的动物实验:
将家兔分三组:A组:125I剂量300微居(μCi)4枚;B组:125I剂量900μCi 4枚;C组:空白带膜支架4枚。动物:雌雄不拘,麻醉后在数字减影血管造影机(DSA)的监视下,5F眼镜蛇(Corbra)导管选择性地插入食道,顺导管插入导丝,透视下定位后释放支架。专人饲料喂养,术后1天、7天、14天分别处死动物。检测:行三维DSA重建,食道造影;手术结束和处死动物之前分别行CT扫描食道支架;行病理检查。
结果发现:B组2只兔术后1、3天死亡,A、C组各有一只支架移位到胃里。其它均按时检查。三维DSA重建:支架位置理想,通畅,内壁光整;食道造影:造影剂通过顺利,支架段食道蠕动消失,支架与食道结合紧密,未见在食道与支架间隙中出现造影剂。大体标本B组3例穿孔,形成食道纵隔瘘,病理基本的表现:食道粘膜坏死脱落,溃疡形成,粘膜下层、平滑肌层肌纤维肿胀、断裂;支架所在部位的气管、肺组织、血管均未见异常。对照组未见明显病理变化,125I剂量900μCi(B组)在坏死的程度、深度上都明显A组和对照组,对照组未发现病理改变。
2)放射性纳米涂膜的气管复合125I支架的动物实验:
材料、方法与检测手段同上。分三组:A组:125I剂量300μCi 4枚;B组:125I剂量900μCi 4枚;C组:空白带膜支架4枚。
结果:12枚支架均释放成功,A、B组各1例释放于右侧支气管,C组1例左侧支气管,其余9例均放在气管内,A组有1例术后12小时死亡;B组1例术后1天内死亡,共有5例发生肺炎,各组均有不同的咳嗽,5例发热;DSA、CT三维重建3例支架移位,其它支架位置理想;病理:气管支气管粘膜坏死,溃疡形成(B组),粘膜下层充血、软骨环肿胀、炎细胞浸润。支架处的气管后方的食道、肺门血管组织未见异常。A、B组病理变化没明显区别,对照组也表现为炎症表现。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于治疗食道、气道和胆道肿瘤的放射性纳米涂膜复合支架,其特征在于该支架是在高分子聚合物膜状材料上涂覆填充有同位素125I的纳米材料,125I的放射剂量在300微居~900微居,涂膜的厚度不大于300nm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种放射性纳米涂膜复合支架,其特征在于其中所述的高分子聚合物是聚氨酯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种放射性纳米涂膜复合支架,其特征在于其中所述的纳米材料是碳纳米管。
4.如权利要求1所述的放射性纳米涂膜复合支架的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:
(I)含125I的NaI在纳米材料中的填充
将纯化的纳米材料放在测量管中,橡皮塞封口,用真空泵将测量管抽真空;将含125I的NaI溶液注入到测量管中,超声分散,静置12小时以上;对注入含125I的NaI的纳米材料用去离子水进行多次洗涤;
(II)将上述填充有125I的纳米材料掺入高聚物溶液中,通过浸渍或喷涂使原有的医用支架表面附着一层液体,使其凝固,形成薄涂层,即得放射性纳米涂膜复合支架。
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| CN103093859B (zh) | 2011-10-28 | 2015-08-26 | 清华大学 | 起搏器电极线及起搏器 |
| CN103093858B (zh) * | 2011-10-28 | 2016-10-19 | 清华大学 | 起搏器电极线及起搏器 |
| CN103083806B (zh) * | 2011-10-28 | 2016-06-08 | 清华大学 | 起搏器电极线及起搏器 |
| CN103083807B (zh) | 2011-10-28 | 2016-04-27 | 清华大学 | 起搏器电极线的制备方法 |
| CN103083808B (zh) | 2011-10-28 | 2016-04-27 | 清华大学 | 起搏器电极线及起搏器 |
| CN105030393B (zh) * | 2015-07-24 | 2017-06-06 | 汇澜生物工程(浙江)有限公司 | 纳米金膜记忆合金食管支架及其制备方法 |
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| WO2004010952A2 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2004-02-05 | Acrymed, Inc. | Methods and compositions for treatment of dermal conditions |
| WO2005096990A2 (en) * | 2004-04-02 | 2005-10-20 | Baylor College Of Medicine | Novel modification of medical prostheses |
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| US5302392A (en) * | 1990-08-20 | 1994-04-12 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Polyurethane sponge having rapid iodine release |
| WO2004010952A2 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2004-02-05 | Acrymed, Inc. | Methods and compositions for treatment of dermal conditions |
| WO2005096990A2 (en) * | 2004-04-02 | 2005-10-20 | Baylor College Of Medicine | Novel modification of medical prostheses |
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