CN1003729B - Slip overrunning type friction bevel gear synchronous clutch - Google Patents

Abstract

A slip overrunning type friction conic-tooth synchronous clutch for vertical multi-axle semi-automatic lathe features that a set of slightly speed-reducing fixed-axle gear drive system is arranged between lower friction cone and lower toothed disc and is composed of two pairs of internally engaged gears with less tooth difference. And a one-way overrunning clutch is arranged between the upper friction cone and the upper main shaft, so that the upper teeth and the lower teeth can be stably, reliably and rapidly jointed within a proper slip range, the phenomenon of tooth breakage caused by tooth impact is avoided, and the device has the advantages of compact structure, good working performance, long service life and convenience in installation and adjustment.

Description

Slip overrunning type friction bevel gear synchronous clutch

The invention relates to a non-coaxial mechanical clutch, in particular to a friction bevel gear synchronous clutch used on a machine tool.

The synchronous clutch, also called a rotating speed synchronizer or a synchronous speed changer (synchronizer for short), is a typical key part on a machine tool, is mainly applied to a vertical multi-shaft semi-automatic lathe, and has the function of transferring the power of a continuously rotating driving shaft to a driven working main shaft which is rotated and positioned and then concentric with the driving shaft, so that the driving shaft and the driven working main shaft which is not coaxial are periodically connected or disconnected, and the working performance of the synchronous clutch is good or bad, and the working performance of the whole machine tool is directly influenced.

At present, friction bevel gear synchronous clutches are mostly adopted on vertical multi-shaft semi-automatic machine tools at home and abroad. The basic principle of the synchronous clutches used in multi-shaft vertical lathes such as C2640.8 and SI-286 vertical multi-shaft semi-automatic lathes manufactured by Shenyang first machine tool factory in China, 1K282 of Soviet Union, American 'L', NO10B/8 of UK, CM8 of Italy and the like is the same, and the structures are similar basically, but the structures for realizing synchronous engagement are different. The invention relates to a synchronous clutch which is adopted on a C2640.8 vertical multi-shaft semi-automatic lathe produced in Shenyang machine tool factory in China. For ease of description, the following names refer to two structural components in common:

an upper driven main shaft-hereinafter referred to as an upper main shaft;

the lower driving main shaft is hereinafter referred to as a lower main shaft.

The structure principle of the prior art is shown in the attached figure 1, and the synchronizer mainly comprises two parts, wherein one part is a synchronizer consisting of an upper friction cone 1 and a lower friction cone 4, so that the synchronization of a lower main shaft and an upper main shaft, namely the synchronization of a driving shaft and a driven shaft, is realized, and the other part is a tooth clutch consisting of an upper fluted disc 2 and a lower fluted disc 3 and is used for transmitting larger torque during working. The existing structure is that the upper friction cone 1 is fixedly connected with the upper fluted disc 2, and the lower friction cone 4 is in sliding connection with the lower fluted disc 3 through inner and outer teeth. The switching-on process is as follows: the lower friction cone 4 and the lower fluted disc 3 ascend along with the lower main shaft, the lower friction cone 4 is firstly contacted with the upper friction cone 1, the spring 5 is compressed, certain pressure is generated between the conical surfaces, friction torque is generated by the friction force between the conical surfaces, and therefore the upper main shaft and the lower main shaft are driven to synchronously rotate in a short time. And along with the further rising of the lower main shaft, the lower fluted disc 3 rises along with the rising of the lower main shaft, so that the lower teeth are embedded into the upper fluted disc 2, the connection of the upper main shaft and the lower main shaft is completed, and the power transmission is realized. Although the synchronous clutch between the upper main shaft and the lower main shaft can be realized, and the first impact when the upper teeth and the lower teeth are engaged is avoided, the following defects exist:

because the relative positions of the upper and lower teeth during engagement are random, the possibility of being in the engagement position is extremely low, the relative positions of the upper and lower teeth after engagement often have the phenomena of virtual connection and top teeth, such as the conditions of b, c and d shown in figure 2, when the upper main shaft enters a working state, because the cutting resistance moment is increased and exceeds the friction moment between the friction conical surfaces, the conical surfaces slide. The upper and lower teeth are rapidly transited from the "virtual connection" or "top tooth" state of b, c, d to the meshing state (as in the case of a in fig. 2), so-called secondary impact occurs, and the following consequences are caused:

1. the upper and lower teeth are suddenly and strongly impacted, sometimes the tooth breaking phenomenon occurs, and the fluted disc is scrapped.

2. The rotating speed of the upper main shaft (working main shaft) fluctuates, the service life of the cutter is shortened, the tip of the cutter is always broken, and the processing quality of the surface of a workpiece is influenced.

3. Causing strong friction between the friction cones, which is in a dry friction state, resulting in more wear between the cones, reducing the service life of the cones.

4. Since the engagement is not reliable, the working performance of the whole machine tool is affected, strong impact noise is caused, and the working environment is deteriorated.

5. The clutch has short service life, and the wearing parts need to be maintained or replaced frequently, so that the normal processing is influenced, and the production cost is increased.

The invention aims to provide a friction bevel gear synchronous clutch which has stable and reliable working performance, long service life and no impact and tooth breakage phenomenon and is used for a vertical multi-shaft semi-automatic lathe and other machines, and upper and lower teeth directly enter a meshing state.

The structure of the invention is that an upper friction cone, a lower friction cone, an upper fluted disc and a lower fluted disc are respectively arranged on an upper driven shaft and a lower driven shaft which are not coaxial. The lower friction cone is supported by a compression spring and can slide up and down along the shaft, and the invention is characterized in that: a set of micro speed-reducing fixed-axis gear rotating system is arranged between the lower fluted disc and the lower friction cone, so that a micro rotating speed difference exists between the lower fluted disc and the lower friction cone, the rotating speed of the lower friction cone is slightly lower than that of the lower fluted disc, when the lower main shaft ascends, the upper main shaft and the lower friction cone are synchronously conveyed by the friction cone, then the lower main shaft continuously ascends, and the lower fluted disc is supported by a compression spring, so that the lower fluted disc and the upper fluted disc stably enter a meshing state in a low-speed rotating difference state, and power is completely transmitted by reliable meshing of the upper teeth and the lower teeth. At the moment, because a one-way overrunning clutch is arranged between the upper friction cone and the upper main shaft, after the upper teeth and the lower teeth are reliably meshed, the upper main shaft and the lower main shaft synchronously rotate, so that the upper main shaft is overrunning to the upper friction cone with slightly lower rotating speed. The friction cone is now in an idle state.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art structure related to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a prior art problem associated with the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the transmission relationship of the micro-deceleration fixed-axis gear transmission system of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 3, the lower spindle [13 ]]A sliding sleeve (14) fixed in the circumferential direction is sleeved on the upper part]And a lower main shaft is supported. The circumferential direction is fixed on the machine seat [12 ]]And sliding sleeve [14]A guide key is arranged between the two. The upper end of the sliding sleeve is made into an eccentric cylindrical surface, and a bearing and an integral internal tooth Z are arranged on the eccentric cylindrical surface₂And outer tooth Z₃Gear (10)]The gear [10 ]]Gear Z with external teeth related to lower friction cone₄[9]Engaged with each other with internal teeth fixed to the lower main shaft [13 ]]On gear Z₁[11]Are engaged with each other. Thereby rubbing the cone [7] at the lower part]And a lower main shaft (13)]The transmission ratio is 1.058, and the transmission system is composed of two pairs of gear pairs with small tooth difference and internal gearing. Z in two pairs of internally engaged gear pairs with small tooth difference₂、Z₃The gear is an integrated internal and external gear [10 ]]And the lower main shaft is eccentrically arranged relative to the fixed shaft. Lower friction bevel gear Z₄[9]And a lower friction cone [7]]Connected by inner and outer teeth with larger clearance [8 ]]So as to ensure the normal joint between the upper friction conical surface and the lower friction conical surface when the coaxiality error exists between the upper main shaft and the lower main shaft. The lower friction cone passes through a compression spring [15]]Supported on gear Z₄[9]And the two can slide axially relative to each other. The upper end of the lower main shaft is connected with a lower fluted disc (5) through a spline]Connected with a spring [6 ]]The buffer function can be achieved when the upper teeth and the lower teeth are jointed with the top teeth. Lower main shaft [13 ]]Lower end extending slideCover [14]]And is connected with the lower transmission piece in a sliding way through a spline. Thus pushing the sliding sleeve [14]]On the machine base [12]The lower spindle assembly can be driven to ascend or descend by sliding in the hole up and down. On the main shaft [1]]Is provided with an upper friction cone [4]]And an upper fluted disc [3]The upper fluted disc is fixedly connected with the upper main shaft through a screw. And upper friction cone [4]]With the upper fluted disc [3]A one-way overrunning clutch [2] is arranged between the two]. Because the rotating speed of the friction cone is slightly lower than that of the fluted disc, when the upper and the lower teeth are meshed, the upper main shaft (1)]The gear disc transmits all power beyond the upper friction cone. The turn-on sequence is as follows:

when the sliding sleeve [14] is pushed to lift the whole lower main shaft assembly, the lower friction cone [7] firstly starts to contact with the upper friction cone [4], friction torque is generated between two conical surfaces along with the compression of the lower friction cone supporting spring [15], the upper friction cone is started, and the upper main shaft and the lower friction cone are driven to synchronously run by the upper friction cone because the upper friction cone and the upper main shaft [1] are connected by a one-way overrunning clutch. Along with the continuous rising of the lower main shaft, the lower friction cone supporting spring [15] is further compressed, and the lower fluted disc [5] is gradually exposed from the lower friction cone. Due to the action of a micro speed reduction system between the lower friction cone and the lower fluted disc, the upper teeth and the lower teeth are jointed under a small relative rotation speed difference and are stably engaged. Then, the one-way overrunning clutch (2) is automatically disengaged, the upper main shaft overruns the upper friction cone, and the connection of the upper main shaft and the lower main shaft is completed.

The invention has the advantages that:

1. because the micro-reduction fixed-shaft gear transmission system is arranged, the upper teeth and the lower teeth can be quickly, stably and reliably meshed, and the phenomenon of tooth breakage caused by tooth impact does not occur. And the impact noise is significantly reduced. Has a wider allowable range of working speed and completely meets the use requirements of the existing machine tool.

2. The machine tool works stably and reliably, the processing quality of the surface of a workpiece and the working performance of the machine tool are ensured, and the service life of a clutch (a speed changer) is prolonged.

3. The structure is simple and compact, and the device becomes a relatively independent part without a complex auxiliary system.

4. The structure manufacturability is better, and installation adjustment and maintenance are also very convenient.

5. Because a one-way overrunning clutch is arranged between the upper main shaft and the upper friction cone, the friction cone idles during working, thereby avoiding the abrasion between the friction cone surfaces.

Claims (4)

1. A friction cone tooth synchronous clutch, in which upper and lower friction cones and upper and lower gear plates are respectively mounted on the upper and lower non-coaxial driven and driving main shafts. The lower friction cone is supported by a compression spring and can slide up and down along the axial direction. The characteristics are: a set of micro-speed reduction fixed axis gear transmission system is installed between the lower gear plate and the lower friction cone, the lower gear plate is supported by a compression spring, and a one-way overrunning clutch is installed between the upper friction cone and the upper main shaft. 2. The synchronous clutch according to claim 1, characterized in that the micro-speed reduction fixed axis gear transmission system is composed of two pairs of internally meshing gear pairs with a small tooth difference. 3. The synchronous clutch according to claim 2, characterized in that in the two pairs of internally meshing gears with small tooth difference, gears _Z2 and _Z3 are integral internal and external gears and are eccentrically arranged relative to the lower main shaft. 4. A synchronous clutch according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that a circumferentially fixed sliding sleeve is mounted on the lower main shaft, and a section of the upper end of the sliding sleeve is formed into an eccentric cylindrical surface, on which a bearing and a gear composed of internal teeth _Z2 and external teeth _Z3 are mounted.

Images