CN100369493C - Linear conversion method for receiving and transmitting right values of array antenna - Google Patents
Linear conversion method for receiving and transmitting right values of array antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a linear conversion method for receiving and transmitting weighted values of array aerials, and comprises the following procedures that a weighted value receiving and transmitting conversion matrix is determined, and if a transceiver can use a plurality of pairs of symmetrical frequency bands, a plurality of conversion matrixes are needed to determine; the data information of the conversion matrix is loaded in the transceiver, and software and hardware conditions are provided for the transceiver for realizing the multiplication algorithm of the matrix and weighted value vectors. In the communication process, the transmitted weighted values are endlessly renewed through the multiplication of the corresponding conversion matrix and the received weighted values as the received weighted values are endlessly renewed. The present invention only carries out the easy linear matrix calculation, which can make the variance among wave beam patterns corresponding to received and transmitted weighted values minimized, and the received and transmitted wave beam patterns have good consistency. The method of the present invention can be applied to a frequency division duplex intelligent aerial communication system in any array modes and any multiple access modes, eliminates a large obstacle for applying intelligent aerials to an FDD system, and has wide applicability.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a method for determining a transmission weight value by using a known array antenna reception weight value in a mobile communication system for transceiving data by using an array antenna and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).
Background
In a digital mobile communication system, there are two duplex communication methods: time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD). In the TDD scheme, the base station and the mobile station transmit and receive signals at the same frequency, but reception and transmission are alternately performed in time for the base station or the mobile station, and reception and transmission are performed for a while. The technology can realize the uplink and downlink asymmetric transmission by adjusting the length of the transceiving time, and if the intelligent antenna is applied, the uplink and downlink (transceiving) weighted values are the same, and the processing is simple. However, due to the influence of the transmission delay, the coverage area of the base station is relatively small, and is difficult to expand, and in addition, because the same frequency is used for transmitting and receiving, the interference between the transmitting and receiving is relatively large, and the interference between adjacent cells is also relatively large. In the FDD scheme, a base station and a mobile station continuously transmit and receive data in time, and uplink and downlink frequencies are different. The FDD technology can realize a larger cell, does not have interference between an uplink and a downlink, has relatively smaller interference between adjacent cells, and is simpler to realize than TDD. Compared with TDD mode, FDD has wider application range, FDD duplex mode IS adopted in GSM, IS-95, PDC, ADC, WCDMA (symmetric frequency band), cdma2000 and other systems, TDD IS adopted in CT2, DECT, PHS and other digital cordless telephone systems and TD-SCDMA, WCDMA (asymmetric frequency band) and other systems.
In order to further improve system performance by using different spatial characteristics of different signals, many people have studied smart antenna technology, also called array antenna technology. The intelligent antenna adopts more than two single antenna elements to form an antenna array, the received signals of each antenna element are subjected to radio frequency processing and then weighted and summed by proper weights, so that the directional receiving effect can be achieved, and one weight vector corresponds to a certain beam directional diagram. In order to realize directional transmission while realizing directional reception, the transmission data needs to be similarly weighted, and the beam pattern corresponding to the transmission weight needs to be the same as or very close to the beam pattern corresponding to the reception weight. In the TDD mode, the same transmit/receive frequency and the same transmit/receive weight result in the same beam pattern. In the FDD scheme, since the beam pattern is also related to the radio frequency, the same transmit/receive weight corresponds to different beam patterns, and a transmit weight different from the corresponding receive weight is used to make the transmit/receive beam patterns nearly identical. The nature of the weighting is a spatial filtering and smart antennas can also be considered a Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA) technique. In SDMA, signals are received by an antenna array and Digitally Beamformed (DBF) by digital signal processing to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of the desired signal. This is achieved by adjusting the phase and amplitude of the signals received by the antenna array so that the desired signal is enhanced by summing and the other interfering signals are attenuated by summing.
Smart antennas can be generally divided into three types, one being a pre-multi-beam smart antenna. The method is to preset some beam weights pointing to different directions, and select those beam weight weighting results with better received signals for subsequent processing in the communication process. The disadvantage of this method is that it needs to give more pre-weighting values, it does not fully utilize the signal space distribution characteristics at specific time, and it cannot improve the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the received signal well. The idea of implementing this method is however easily conceivable. In the FDD mode, the correspondence of the transmit/receive weights of the smart antenna is mainly determined by the directivity parameters, and the transmit/receive weight conversion itself is simple.
The second is a partially adaptive smart antenna, and this implementation usually extracts the information of the direction angle of arrival of the desired user signal from the received array signal, and then forms a beam pointing to the direction angle of arrival, and the change of the direction angle of arrival (DOA) changes the weight. The essence is to maximize the received desired user signal energy while limiting the suppression of interference in other directions. Phased arrays belong to the technology, all amplitudes of the phased array are the same, the phased array cannot be changed, and only the phase can be changed in a self-adaptive mode. The performance of a part of self-adaptive intelligent antennas is better than that of a pre-multi-beam intelligent antenna, but signal space information is not fully utilized, the self-adaptive range is limited, and an algorithm for extracting the direction angle is complex, so that the real-time implementation cannot be realized. In the FDD mode, the receiving weight of the intelligent antenna is obtained according to the detected DOA parameters by a certain algorithm, and the sending weight can also be obtained by a similar algorithm according to the DOA.
The other is a fully adaptive intelligent antenna, the weight of the antenna is not required to be preset, but is continuously updated according to a certain criterion according to the change of the signal space distribution characteristic, the amplitude and the phase of the weight can be automatically updated, when the updating algorithm is converged, the method can fully utilize the space characteristics of the expected user signal and the interference signal to enable the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the received signal to be maximum, and the interference arrival direction is not generally considered by part of the adaptive intelligent antenna. This is a very desirable result, which can be said to be the highest bound for smart antennas. In FDD mode, the transmit weights of such smart antennas are determined by the received weights.
It is clear that the best system performance can be achieved in a wireless communication system using a fully adaptive antenna array, but some key technical problems need to be solved in practical applications at present. For example, in a system adopting FDD, how to determine the array weights of the transmission paths according to the array weights of the reception paths is one of the difficulties restricting the development of adaptive antennas. In the existing various technical solutions, either a TDD communication system is targeted, or only a receiving processing method is involved, or only a frame for system implementation is proposed, and no document disclosing a method for implementing transmit-receive weight conversion in an FDD mode is found yet, and FDD is a duplex mode with a relatively large number of use. The implementation of the transmit-receive weight conversion in FDD is one of the key technologies for implementing a fully adaptive intelligent antenna in an FDD communication system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simple and effective receiving and transmitting weight value conversion method suitable for an FDD mode mobile communication system. The core idea of the method of the invention is as follows: according to theoretical derivation, it is known that when the transceiving frequency of a transceiver in a mobile communication system and a certain antenna array are known, the transceiving weights with consistent beam patterns are in accordance with a linear transformation relationship. The linear transformation matrix is calculated according to a reasonable theoretical model or measured according to an actual antenna array, and then the transformation matrix can be used for transmitting and receiving weight conversion in communication.
The method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: when designing a transceiver, determining a receiving weight value conversion matrix according to a linear relation between a receiving weight value and a sending weight value, and if the transceiver needs to use a plurality of symmetrical frequency bands, determining a plurality of conversion matrices;
the second step is that: the data information of the conversion matrix of the receiving and sending weight is realized in the transceiver, and the software and hardware conditions for realizing the multiplication algorithm of the matrix and the weight vector are provided in the transceiver.
The third step: in the communication process, along with the continuous update of the receiving weight, the sending weight is also continuously updated by multiplying the corresponding conversion matrix and the receiving weight.
The method of the invention solves the problem of conversion of the receiving and transmitting weight value caused by different receiving and transmitting frequencies in the FDD system, and removes a big obstacle for the application of the fully adaptive intelligent antenna in the FDD system. The method of the invention is simple to realize, and the conversion matrix is determined only when the transceiver is designed, so that the conversion matrix is not required to be changed in the later use, and the algorithm for realizing the conversion is also simple. The method of the invention can be applied to any array form including linear array circular array, can be applied to any system of multiple access mode including CDMA and TDMA, and has wider applicability. However, no practical method for solving this problem has been found in the literature.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for converting transmit/receive weights according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a beam pattern corresponding to the receiving weights applied to the linear array.
Fig. 3 is a beam pattern corresponding to the transmission weights applied to the linear array.
Fig. 4 shows the beam patterns corresponding to the receive weights applied to the circular array.
Fig. 5 is a beam pattern corresponding to the transmission weights applied to the circular array.
Detailed Description
The method according to the invention is described in more detail below with reference to the examples of the accompanying drawings, in which:
the transceiver referred to in the present invention may be a mobile station, or a transceiver including baseband processing in a base station.
In an intelligent antenna system, signals received by different array elements in an antenna array are weighted and combined by using different complex weights, which can be regarded as each component of a vector, and a weight vector for weighting a received signal can be referred to as a received weight vector, which is called a received weight for short. Signals sent to each antenna element are weighted by different complex weights, and the weights can form a transmission weight vector. However, in the FDD system, the transmit/receive frequency is different, and the receive weight and the transmit weight are different from each other, and therefore, a certain conversion is required.
The antenna array is composed of M antenna elements, a receiving weight is an M-dimensional complex column vector Wr, a transmitting weight is an M-dimensional complex column vector Wt, an M-dimensional complex column steering vector in a direction with a signal arrival angle theta is Vr (theta) during receiving, and an M-dimensional complex column steering vector in a direction with an angle theta is Vt (theta) during transmitting. According to the criterion of minimum variance of the receiving and transmitting beam pattern, the following relation between the receiving weight and the transmitting weight can be deduced:
in the above formula, the superscript H denotes the conjugate transpose, and the superscript-1 denotes the matrix inversion. The above formula can also be written as:
Wt＝TWr (2)
wherein the M rows and M columns of transformation matrix T are:
in actual operation, a discrete form of the formula (3) may be used to perform numerical calculation. Dividing the non-leakage of 0-2 pi into enough K sectors, and dividing the sector angle width into enough small delta theta k Each sector representing a direction of theta k ：
The minimum variance between the receiving and transmitting beam patterns substantially means that the receiving beam patterns are relatively good in consistency, that is, in the communication process, the received beam is aligned to which direction, and the beam when transmitting signals is aligned to which direction, so that the signal energy of an expected user can be improved as much as possible while the signal energy of an interfering user is suppressed as much as possible in the receiving process, the radio frequency energy can be transmitted to the direction of the expected user as much as possible in the transmitting process, and the interference generated to users in other directions is relatively small. It can be seen from the formula (4) that the transmit-receive weight conversion can be realized by a simple multiply-add algorithm as long as the linear conversion matrix T is determined. This is a feature of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for converting transmit/receive weights according to the present invention. Block 101 corresponds to the first step of the method, block 102 corresponds to the second step of the method, and block 103 corresponds to the third step of the method. The following is specifically illustrated:
the first step is as follows: when designing the transceiver, the conversion matrix of the transmit-receive weight is determined, if the transceiver needs several pairs of symmetrical frequency bands, several conversion matrices are determined. There are many ways to determine the transformation matrix T, as follows:
1. according to the designed transmitting and receiving frequency of the system, the antenna structure and the radiation pattern of the array element, the steering vectors in each direction (the set of the steering vectors in each direction can also be called as array manifold) Vr (theta) and Vt (theta) are calculated when the signal is transmitted and received, and then the transformation matrix T is calculated by using the formula (3) or the formula (4).
2. According to the manufactured array antenna and the related system, directional vectors Vr (theta) and Vt (theta) of each transmitting and receiving direction are measured by an experimental means, and then a conversion matrix T is calculated by using the formula (3) or the formula (4).
3. Directly regulating the receiving and transmitting weight values to make the receiving and transmitting beam pattern close to be consistent, then finding several pairs of the receiving and transmitting weight values, and utilizing formula (2) to solve the optimum conversion matrix in the meaning of minimum variance.
The second step: the conversion matrix data information is made available in the transceiver, and software and hardware modules implementing the algorithm of formula (2) are provided in the transceiver. This conversion matrix is always useful, and the conversion matrix obtained in the first step cannot be changed no matter how the mobile user changes, whether the mobile user is powered off or powered back on, as long as the structure and the transceiving frequency of the antenna array are not changed. Because the formula (2) is only multiplication and addition operation, the software and hardware conditions for realizing the formula (2) algorithm are simpler, the algorithm can be realized by using a DSP (digital signal processor) in the occasions with low updating speed, and an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or a special chip can be designed to realize the algorithm in the occasions with high speed requirement.
The third step: in the communication process, along with the continuous update of the receiving weight, the sending weight is continuously updated by certain software and hardware according to the formula (2) algorithm, and the receiving and sending beam pattern is always kept basically consistent.
The method of the invention is simulated, and fig. 2 and fig. 3 show the case that the method of the invention is applied to equidistant linear arrays. The uplink weight value is randomly generated, the number M of the array elements is 8, the uplink frequency WaveLenUp is 1920MHz, the downlink frequency WaveLenDown is 2110MHz, the distance between adjacent array elements is half downlink wavelength, and each array element is an omnidirectional antenna. Curve 201 in fig. 2 is a beam pattern corresponding to the uplink weights generated randomly. The main beam direction is about 62 degrees (because the omnidirectional linear array has axial symmetry, the beam pattern of the lower half cycle is the same as the beam pattern curve of the upper half cycle, and the lower half cycle can not be considered), the weight conversion matrix is derived according to the model, the derivation process adopts the formula (4), the circumference is equally divided into 360 equal parts, and the conversion matrix T is calculated. The curve 301 in fig. 3 is the beam pattern of the downlink weights after linear transformation, and the difference between the two is small compared with the uplink shown in fig. 2. It is sufficient to see the effectiveness of the method of the invention.
Fig. 4 and 5 are the case of applying to a circular array. The uplink weight value is randomly generated, the number M of array elements is 8, the uplink frequency WaveLenUp is 1920MHz, the row frequency WaveLenDown is 2110MHz, the full array factor of a circular array is rou =1, the radius R = rou M and WaveLenDown/4/pi, and the array elements are uniformly distributed on the circumference. Each array element is an omnidirectional antenna. A curve 401 in fig. 4 is a beam direction diagram corresponding to the uplink weights generated randomly. The beam gain is higher in the directions of 35 degrees, 85 degrees, 135 degrees, 230 degrees and the like, and the null is lower in the directions of 60 degrees, 110 degrees, 195 degrees, 255 degrees, 300 degrees and 350 degrees. The weight conversion matrix is deduced according to the model, the formula (4) is adopted in the derivation process, the circumference is equally divided into 360 equal parts, and the conversion matrix T is calculated. Curve 501 in fig. 5 is a beam direction diagram of the downlink weights after linear transformation, and the directions of the null and main and side lobes of the beam are not different from those of the uplink weights shown in fig. 4. The difference between the two is small. The effectiveness of the method of the invention is sufficient.
In fact, no matter what array form, there is the receiving and transmitting array manifold, so that the more accurate linear weight transformation matrix can be calculated according to the formula (3) or the formula (4).
In summary, the method for linearly converting the transmit-receive weights provided by the present invention only performs a linear matrix operation, only includes multiply-add operations, and is simple in calculation. The method of the invention can minimize the variance between the beam patterns corresponding to the receiving and sending weight values, and the consistency of the receiving and sending beam patterns is good. The method of the present invention can be used in frequency division duplex intelligent antenna communication systems of any array form and any multiple access mode, and has wide applicability. The method of the invention solves a key problem in the intelligent antenna technology, namely the conversion of the receiving and sending weight values in the FDD system, eliminates a big obstacle for the application of the intelligent antenna in the FDD system, is difficult to find a similar technology at present and has great significance.
Claims (7)
1. A linear conversion method for receiving and transmitting weight values of an array antenna comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: determining a transmit-receive weight value conversion matrix according to the transmit-receive steering vector of the array antenna or a plurality of pairs of transmit-receive weight value vectors with the same beam directional diagram;
the second step is that: converting the predetermined receiving and sending weight into matrix data information to be provided in the transceiver, and providing software and hardware conditions for realizing a matrix and weight vector multiplication algorithm in the transceiver;
the third step: in the communication process, along with the continuous update of the receiving weight, the sending weight is also continuously updated by multiplying the corresponding conversion matrix and the receiving weight.
2. The linear conversion method of transmit/receive weights of array antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the transmit-receive weight conversion matrix T is determined according to the following formula, namely
Where Vr (θ) is a complex column steering vector in the direction of the signal arrival angle θ at the time of reception, and Vt (θ) is a complex column steering vector in the direction of the angle θ at the time of transmission.
3. The linear conversion method of transmit-receive weights of array antenna according to claim 1, wherein: dividing the leakage-free range of 0 to 2 pi into K sectors, wherein the angle width of each sector is delta theta k Each sector representing a direction of θ k Vr (theta) is a complex column guide vector of the direction with the angle theta of signal arrival when receiving, vt (theta) is a complex column guide vector of the direction with the angle theta when transmitting, and the transmitting-receiving weight conversion matrix T is determined according to the following formula, namely
4. The method for linear conversion of transmit/receive weights of array antenna according to any of claims 1, 2 and 3, wherein: the complex column steering vectors Vr (theta) and Vt (theta) are calculated according to the transceiving frequency of the system design and the radiation patterns of the antenna structure and the array elements.
5. The method for linear conversion of transmit/receive weights of array antenna as claimed in any of claims 1, 2 and 3, wherein: the plurality of column steering vectors Vr (theta) and Vt (theta) are experimentally measured according to the manufactured array antenna and the related system.
6. The method for linear conversion of transmit/receive weights of array antenna as claimed in any of claims 1, 2 and 3, wherein: the method specifically comprises the steps of adjusting the receiving and transmitting weight values to enable the receiving and transmitting beam pattern to be close to consistent, repeating the operation until the plurality of pairs of receiving and transmitting weight values are found, and solving the optimal conversion matrix in the minimum variance meaning by using a formula Wt = TWr, wherein Wr is the receiving weight value and Wt is the transmitting weight value.
7. The method for linear conversion of transmit/receive weights of array antenna as claimed in any of claims 1, 2 and 3, wherein: in a multi-carrier system, when the receiving and transmitting weight value conversion matrix is determined, the receiving and transmitting weight value conversion matrix corresponding to one of the symmetrical frequency band pairs of the transceivers is determined according to the number of the symmetrical frequency band pairs of the transceivers.
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| CN100337489C (en) * | 2003-09-18 | 2007-09-12 | 西门子通信技术（北京）有限公司 | Method for suppressing interference |
| CN101072059B (en) * | 2006-05-08 | 2010-12-08 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Smooth convergence transmission intelligent antenna and space diversity transmission method |
| CN101227214B (en) * | 2007-01-15 | 2011-04-20 | 中国移动通信集团设计院有限公司 | Intelligent antenna setting method of code division multiple access system |
| CN113727388B (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-01-18 | 广东省新一代通信与网络创新研究院 | Channel using method and system based on directional monitoring |
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| CN1233923A (en) * | 1998-01-28 | 1999-11-03 | 西门子公司 | Method and base for data transmission for communication system |
| WO1999057820A1 (en) * | 1998-05-01 | 1999-11-11 | Arraycomm, Inc. | Method and apparatus for determining spatial signatures for calibrating a communication station having an antenna array |
| CN1291011A (en) * | 1999-08-24 | 2001-04-11 | 三星电子株式会社 | Diversity method of closed ring transmit antenna and base station equipment and movable station equipment |
| WO2001031812A1 (en) * | 1999-10-26 | 2001-05-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Beam forming in a radio-communications system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1233923A (en) * | 1998-01-28 | 1999-11-03 | 西门子公司 | Method and base for data transmission for communication system |
| WO1999057820A1 (en) * | 1998-05-01 | 1999-11-11 | Arraycomm, Inc. | Method and apparatus for determining spatial signatures for calibrating a communication station having an antenna array |
| CN1291011A (en) * | 1999-08-24 | 2001-04-11 | 三星电子株式会社 | Diversity method of closed ring transmit antenna and base station equipment and movable station equipment |
| WO2001031812A1 (en) * | 1999-10-26 | 2001-05-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Beam forming in a radio-communications system |
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