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CN1099508C - 隔热建筑砖块 - Google Patents

隔热建筑砖块 Download PDF

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CN1099508C
CN1099508C CN97181939A CN97181939A CN1099508C CN 1099508 C CN1099508 C CN 1099508C CN 97181939 A CN97181939 A CN 97181939A CN 97181939 A CN97181939 A CN 97181939A CN 1099508 C CN1099508 C CN 1099508C
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CN1247585A (zh
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胡安·黑纳
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0226—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongues and grooves next to each other on the end surface
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0289—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0289—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material
    • E04B2002/0293—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material solid material

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于建造墙壁或其它结构的隔热建筑砖块，每个完整砖块(12)具有内部开放并带有平的上、下表面的侧壁(16)和端壁(18)，在上表面具有凸起物(22)。凸棱(20)安置成使上砖块与下层砖块呈交错关系并与下层砖块联锁。内端壁表面上的凹槽用以使隔热板(30)贴靠凸棱对面的内侧壁表面。半砖块(14)用以填充交错砖块之间的墙壁端面中的空间，半砖块具有开放的内部，用以放置隔离板(42)，并包括用以与相邻完整砖块的凸起物联锁的凸棱。

Description

隔热建筑砖块
发明领域
本发明一般关于用于建造墙壁、建筑物及其类似的砖块，更特别地关于一种包括了热隔离材料的建筑砖块系统。
发明背景
常规混凝土砖块建筑使用矩形砖块，一般从砖块上部至下部有一个或多个腔。一灰浆层涂在基座上，一层紧密排列的砖块放置在灰浆上，附加的石灰涂在相邻砖块端部之间。另一灰浆层涂在第一个层面之上，其他层面亦以相似方式垒起，一般层面与层面的砖块端部交错起来。要造出一定水平的层面和真正垂直的墙壁需要极大的细心和技术。因这种建筑需要时间和技术，所以成本高昂。这些砖块有纵向排列的空腔可被加入钢筋和混凝土以加固墙壁。
过去已发明了许多类型的无浆联锁砖块，用以简化砖块墙及其他建筑的建造。大部分这种砖块的生产非常昂贵，因为其联锁部分，通常为槽和凸起物，一般在砖块压制成型后再切割进去。进一步说，要保持所要求的通过成型和切割步骤完成的大型墙壁或其他建筑物的精确筑造所要求的严格容差是困难的。先前的砖块经常需要附加的修整或打磨步骤，以符合所要求的容差。
克服了许多这种缺陷的优秀的联锁式无浆建筑砖块在美国专利No.3,888,060和4,640,071中有描述，这两个专利都是授予本发明的发明者的。那些砖块已被成功地使用了许多年。这些砖块被砌成层面，砖块连接处是交错的，有可供增强杆(钢筋)和湿混凝土注入其中的相邻纵向开放的小腔中。当效果好时，砖块要求钢筋被插入低的层面，当建筑工作继续进行时，湿混凝土被间歇地注入支撑钢筋的小腔中，之后层面的砖块被抬升至钢筋的端部。所以从钢筋上方安装砖块对高层建筑来说会是个重要问题。
许多建筑物也可能要求三种或更多种不同的砖块构造，如墙壁，有开口和地板与砖块墙连接的楼。额外的砖块结构要求制造额外的昂贵型模，并增加了用于改变砖块制造机的成型及保存和库存不同砖块构造的成本与时间。
许多用这种砖块制成的建筑物墙壁有很强的透过墙壁的导热性，在室内加热的寒冷气候或室内降温的炎热气候时尤其成问题。透过这种墙壁的热传导程度在砖块有大的开放式内腔区域和注满加固混凝土和钢筋的内腔区域之间有很大不同。除不想要的透过墙壁的室内热度或冷度损失外，被加热的建筑物内壁上会形成冷区，冷凝内部空气中的水，并沿墙流下。
已经有过用松玻璃纤维隔离物、松泡沫颗粒、填料泡沫等填入砖块空腔的尝试。稀松的隔离物在解决冷区形成时会造成隔热不均匀。隔离物不能被放入已填入加固混凝土钢筋的砖块空腔中，再次造成沿墙壁的热度差，内壁隔热区和未隔热区温度相差很大。
所以，有必要继续改进这些成功的砖块，以允许制造更低成本的砖块和降低成本，更快地用砖块组装建筑物，有能力在仍允许在所有或部分砖块中使用加固混凝土钢筋，并在放置该加固物时隔离物已到位的情况下为所有砖块提供热隔离。
发明内容
通过一种包括两个基本砖块结构的砖块系统，上述问题可获解决，并具有许多优点。
本发明提供的一种用于墙壁建造的隔热、联锁的砖块，其特征在于包括：至少一种一长度基本为宽度两倍的完整砖块，上述砖块包括：一对一般为矩形的间隔开的相互平行的第一和第二侧壁，侧壁具有基本为平面的上表面和下表面，其端部边缘一般与上述上、下表面垂直；一对一般为矩形间隔开的相互平行的端面，每个都垂直于上述侧壁，与上述侧壁相连并有一内表面和一外表面；两个沿上述第一侧壁向内伸出的凸棱，每个凸棱一般与上述端部边缘平行；上述凸棱包括伸至上述第一侧壁上表面外的凸棱凸起物；上述凸棱凸起物所处位置使当其中一个上述完整的砖块放在第二个上述砖块上方、上述第一侧壁基本在同一平面、上砖块的一端壁基本在下砖块的中央时，上述下砖块的凸棱凸起物将与上述上砖块的凸棱相联锁；每个端壁在其上述内表面有一端壁槽，与上述侧壁相邻，用于接纳侧壁隔离板的一个边缘；一封闭热小腔的泡沫侧壁隔离板与上述第二侧壁相邻并被置入上述端壁槽；和上述砖块内上述侧壁隔离板与上述凸棱之间有一基本开放的内部空间。
附图的简要说明
本发明的细节，以及优选实施例可参照附图得到进一步理解：
图1是使用本发明的砖块系统所建墙体的透视图；
图2是一完整砖块的透视图；
图3是沿图2中3-3线截开后的截面图；
图4是沿图3中4-4线截开后的截面图；
图5是半个砖块的平面图；
图6是半个砖块的平面图；
图7是沿图6中7-7线截开后的截面图。
优选实施例的详细描述
根据图1，可见一基本由许多完整砖块12交错排列搭起的墙10。每个完整砖块的宽度是其长度的一半。在墙的端部，每隔一层具有砖块12长度一半的缺口。半个砖块14用于填补这些空间。相似的空间将出现在门、窗及类似物体的垂直边缘上。
如图2中清楚示出，每个完整砖块12都有两个侧壁16和28与两个端壁18连接。每个砖块的底面基本是平的。每个完整砖块12在其第一侧壁16内侧有一对向内伸出的垂直凸棱。每个凸棱20有一伸至每块完整砖块12上端平面以外的顶端凸起物22。凸棱20所处位置使得下方砖块35的凸起物22(如图2中虚线所示)可在下砖块沿上砖块伸出一半时与凸棱20的邻近端如图2所示相连接。凸起物22被固定在内侧壁表面、凸棱20的一端和沿每条凸棱的楔形延伸块24之间。
由于大多数砖块是开放的，所以水泥浆23和钢筋25可容易地沿砖块形成的墙壁10垂直放入纵向排列的开口。如图1所示，最上面的砖块12的内部完全被浆23注满。另一下砖块的端壁在上砖块中央的下方相接，有两个隔开的空腔可注浆。钢筋25将与从上面注入的浆23一起穿入这些腔。
每个砖块12最好具有舌槽联锁装置26，以相互连接后进一步将砖块固定在层面恰当位置。槽27(图2和3)可被设置于每个端壁18的上部内缘里，以使上缘的一部分能容易地被断开从而使钢筋沿层面的长度穿入。
每个侧壁18都有一纵向槽34，与第二侧壁28一起接纳其大小能覆盖侧壁28内表面的隔离板30的一端。当一特殊完整砖块的一端暴露在墙的一端时，一小块隔离板32可沿暴露的端壁18插入，如图2所示。
图5-7中所示半砖块14可用于如上所述的填补墙端。半砖块14具有两个由一端壁连接的平行侧壁36。半砖块侧壁36与整砖块侧壁16的结构大致相同，只是长度减半。沿每侧壁16的内表面有一垂直的楔形凸棱22，其位置安装成使与整砖块12伸出的凸起物40正好在半砖块14下方进行联锁。在每个侧壁36上均有楔形凸棱40，以使半砖块可用于左侧或右侧的墙端。
半砖块侧部隔离材料42可沿每个侧壁40内部放置，小板44可装在横过端壁38内部的板42之间。如需要，可在端壁38内缘上设凹槽，与图2示出的槽34相似，凹槽可被设置在侧隔离材料42中以接纳小隔离材料片44的端部。隔离材料42可做成能容纳伸入隔离层所占体积的凸棱40和在另一个下砖块上的凸起物22，或使用软泡沫或纤维隔离层，当它们被压向凸棱和凸起物时可轻易地进行压缩。
当每个层面垒好后，许多隔离板在下一层面垒起前被插入。如需要，更可将板在砖块制造厂加以粘合，再运至建筑地点。一旦墙被建至合适程度，水泥浆和钢筋即可用于填充砖块中排列开口形成的纵向管道。由于砖块内部没有任何结构，填充工作是简单的并可保证完全填充。最终的墙是坚实而且隔热的。
以上优选实施例中详细描述的某个特定关系、材料及其它参数可被更改，只要恰当，结果相似。本发明的其他申请、变动和衍生物。而这些均包含在所附权利要求限定的本发明范围内。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于墙壁建造的隔热、联锁的砖块，其特征在于包括：
至少一种一长度基本为宽度两倍的完整砖块，上述砖块包括：
一对一般为矩形的间隔开的相互平行的第一和第二侧壁，侧壁具有基本为平面的上表面和下表面，其端部边缘一般与上述上、下表面垂直；
一对一般为矩形间隔开的相互平行的端面，每个都垂直于上述侧壁，与上述侧壁相连并有一内表面和一外表面；
两个沿上述第一侧壁向内伸出的凸棱，每个凸棱一般与上述端部边缘平行；
上述凸棱包括伸至上述第一侧壁上表面外的凸棱凸起物；
上述凸棱凸起物所处位置使当其中一个上述完整的砖块放在第二个上述砖块上方、上述第一侧壁基本在同一平面、上砖块的一端壁基本在下砖块的中央时，上述下砖块的凸棱凸起物将与上述上砖块的凸棱相联锁；
每个端壁在其上述内表面有一端壁槽，与上述侧壁相邻，用于接纳侧壁隔离板的一个边缘；
一封闭热小腔的泡沫侧壁隔离板与上述第二侧壁相邻并被置入上述端壁槽；和
上述砖块内上述侧壁隔离板与上述凸棱之间有一基本开放的内部空间。
2.根据权利要求1的砖块，其特征在于：上述凸棱与上述端壁隔离板之间的砖块内部空间基本是开放的。
3.根据权利要求1的砖块，其特征在于：进一步包括在每个砖块端部的块对块联锁装置。
4.根据权利要求1的砖块，其特征在于：进一步包括从上述上表面伸出的每个端壁内表面的凹口至少部分地穿过上述端壁。
5.根据权利要求1的砖块，其特征在于：进一步包括：
一宽度和高度基本等于上述完整砖块的宽度和高度、长度基本等于上述完整砖块的长度的一半的半砖块，它包括：
一对一般为矩形、间隔开的、平行的第一和第二侧壁，它们具有基本为平面的上表面和下表面，其端部边缘一般与上述上表面和下表面垂直；
一个一般为矩形的端壁，它在上述侧壁的一端垂直于上述侧壁并与上述侧壁相连，并有一内表面和一外表面；
一个沿每个上述侧壁向内伸出的楔形凸棱该凸棱具有一个一般与上述端缘平行的边缘；
上述楔形凸棱所处位置使当其中一上述半砖块放在整砖块上面且半砖块端壁与其中一上述整砖块端壁对齐时，一凸棱凸起物将与其中一上述楔形凸棱联锁。
6.根据权利要求5的砖块，其特征在于：进一步包括沿上述半砖块至少一个内表面的隔离材料。
7.根据权利要求6的砖块，其特征在于：上述隔离材料由封闭小腔的泡沫材料组成。
8.根据权利要求7的砖块，其特征在于：进一步包括在每个半砖块端部的块对块联锁装置。
CN97181939A 1997-02-24 1997-11-04 隔热建筑砖块 Expired - Fee Related CN1099508C (zh)

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US08/805,361 1997-02-24
US08/805,361 US5822939A (en) 1997-02-24 1997-02-24 Insulated building block system

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CN1099508C true CN1099508C (zh) 2003-01-22

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EP (1) EP0963491A4 (zh)
CN (1) CN1099508C (zh)
AU (1) AU725743B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR9714552A (zh)
CA (1) CA2279379C (zh)
IL (1) IL131442A (zh)
TR (1) TR199802155T1 (zh)
WO (1) WO1998037284A1 (zh)

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CA2279379A1 (en) 1998-08-27
CN1247585A (zh) 2000-03-15
WO1998037284A1 (en) 1998-08-27
IL131442A (en) 2002-09-12
TR199802155T1 (xx) 2000-12-21
US6134853A (en) 2000-10-24
US5822939A (en) 1998-10-20
BR9714552A (pt) 2000-02-08
EP0963491A1 (en) 1999-12-15
IL131442A0 (en) 2001-01-28
CA2279379C (en) 2007-05-22
EP0963491A4 (en) 2001-03-21
AU5099198A (en) 1998-09-09
AU725743B2 (en) 2000-10-19

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