CN109904632B - Super-surface rectenna array for space electromagnetic wave detection and energy collection - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a super-surface rectenna array for space electromagnetic wave detection and energy collection, and belongs to the technical field of space energy collection rectenna arrays. The invention is based on a multi-mode super-surface structure, adopts a full-wave rectification topological structure, and collects electromagnetic wave energy of various modes in space by reasonably arranging a rectification antenna array layout. Compared with the traditional rectifying antenna, the super-surface antenna array can efficiently collect low-power radio frequency energy, and has great development advantages. In addition, the full-wave rectifying circuit array can efficiently convert low-power radio frequency energy into direct current energy, classify radio frequency energy in different modes through the energy distribution circuit, and supply the radio frequency energy to different loads. The method detects the electromagnetic wave energy with different frequencies or polarizations in the space by judging whether the load has direct current power output or not, and collects the radio frequency energy in a classified manner, and can be widely applied to space electromagnetic wave frequency, polarization detection, space wireless energy collection and the like.

Description

Metasurface Rectenna Array for Space Electromagnetic Wave Detection and Energy Harvesting

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of space energy collection rectenna arrays, in particular to a metasurface rectenna array used for space electromagnetic wave detection and energy collection.

Background technique

With the rapid development of mobile communication technology, a large number of electromagnetic waves are radiated into space. Therefore, there are a large number of different forms of electromagnetic waves in the environment. If there are a lot of electromagnetic waves in the environment and not controlled, it will bring electromagnetic environmental pollution. This will not only interfere with the electronic equipment and affect the normal work, but also cause diseases and other injuries to the human body. In consideration of space electromagnetic wave safety standards, the power density of electromagnetic waves in space cannot exceed 1 mw/cm ² . In order to collect electromagnetic waves in space, space electromagnetic energy harvesting refers to collecting stray electromagnetic wave energy from the surrounding environment and converting it into a DC output to power electronic devices or store it as electrical energy. It is developed based on point-to-point microwave energy transmission, but point-to-point microwave energy transmission needs to design a microwave emission source, and the transmission power is large, the frequency is single, and the efficiency is high; while electromagnetic energy collection generally does not require a specific emission source, and is aimed at space. Electromagnetic waves are widely distributed in the medium and are characterized by multi-frequency, multi-polarization, low power density and small energy level. If these various forms of electromagnetic wave energy scattered in the space can be detected and collected reasonably, and converted into usable electric energy respectively, it can effectively reduce the waste of electromagnetic energy, which is of great significance.

The rectenna is to convert the radio frequency energy of electromagnetic waves in space into DC energy and supply it to the load. At present, most rectennas can achieve high conversion efficiency at an input power higher than 10dBm. If the input power is too low, the conversion efficiency will be greatly reduced, which cannot meet the actual needs, and even the rectenna cannot work. Due to the loss of the circuit, rectennas suitable for low power usually operate at lower frequencies (usually <2.45GHz), the DC conversion efficiency is generally lower than that of high power rectennas, and the cost is high.

Recent studies have found that due to the exotic electromagnetic properties of metamaterials or metasurfaces, they can be used as receiving antennas in rectennas to harvest RF energy in the environment. Generally, a basic structure that constitutes a metamaterial is a split-ring resonator (SRR), which exhibits strong nonlinearity at the resonant frequency. Using the characteristics of electric field concentration when the SRR resonates, the feasibility of the SRR as an electromagnetic energy harvesting unit is verified.

In order to collect electromagnetic waves scattered in space, metamaterials or metasurface units are used as electromagnetic energy collection units. Compared with traditional antennas, the collection efficiency per unit area is higher. In addition, metamaterials or metasurfaces can utilize the change of unit structure parameters to achieve gradual electromagnetic parameters, and have a convergence effect on incident electromagnetic waves. However, metasurfaces are the two-dimensional counterpart of metamaterials, making it easier to achieve low-profile, planar antennas. Therefore, metasurface rectennas have very broad application prospects for various forms of space electromagnetic energy harvesting.

The literature "a microwave metamaterial with integrated power harvesting functionality" proposes a metasurface rectenna array structure based on the metasurface split resonator ring unit structure, as shown in Figure 1. The structure can collect 900MHz energy in space. Each resonant loop antenna unit is followed by a rectifier circuit to become a metasurface rectifier unit, which collects radio frequency energy and converts it into DC energy. These metasurface rectenna elements are connected in parallel to collect the rectified DC energy together. The rectified conversion efficiency of the entire metasurface rectenna array is 36.8%. However, this metasurface rectifier array structure can only collect microwave energy of a single frequency, and because each metasurface rectenna unit is directly connected in parallel, the array layout is not considered, resulting in a huge metasurface rectenna array. The literature "Optimal matched rectifying surface for space solar power satellite applications" metasurface array collects space energy, as shown in Figure 2. The metasurface array is composed of a "T"-shaped resonant unit structure, and the energy absorption rate of the metasurface array structure is 99.92% when the operating frequency is 2.18GHz and the normal incident power density is 0.1mW/ ^cm2 . A rectifier circuit array is connected behind the metasurface array structure to convert the collected radio frequency energy into direct current energy, and the rectification conversion efficiency of the entire metasurface rectenna array can reach 27.71%. However, the proposed metasurface rectenna array has a single working mode, cannot detect multiple forms of electromagnetic waves in space, and cannot collect its energy by classification and supply it to the load separately. The literature "Triple-band polarization-insensitive and wide-angle metamaterial array for electromagnetic energy harvesting" proposes a metamaterial antenna array for multi-frequency spatial electromagnetic energy harvesting, as shown in Figure 3. The energy harvesting efficiencies of this metamaterial antenna array are 30%, 90% and 74% at operating frequencies of 1.75GHz, 3.8GHz and 5.4GHz, respectively. There is no rectifier circuit at the back end of the proposed metamaterial antenna, so its energy cannot be collected and supplied to the load separately. The document "Design of Frequency-Detecting Device Based on Rectenna" proposes a frequency reconfigurable rectenna, as shown in Figure 4. By changing the capacitance value of the varactor diode and measuring the DC energy of the load of the back-end rectifier circuit, at a frequency of 2 to 2.8GHz, due to the different rectification conversion efficiency of each frequency, the DC energy output by the load is different, so that the space can be detected. Electromagnetic waves with different frequencies. However, the proposed rectenna is only suitable for receiving medium and high power RF energy, and is not suitable for low power space energy harvesting.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, and to provide a metasurface rectenna array for space electromagnetic wave detection and energy collection.

The technical problem proposed by the present invention is solved like this:

A metasurface rectenna array for space electromagnetic wave detection and energy collection, comprising a metasurface receiving antenna array 1, two sets of rectifier circuit arrays 2, an energy distribution circuit 3, a load 4 and a dielectric substrate 5; a metasurface receiving antenna array 1 Located on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 5, two groups of rectifier circuit arrays 2, energy distribution circuits 3 and loads 4 are located on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 5;

The metasurface receiving antenna array 1 is an M×N metasurface array structure composed of multi-frequency or multi-polarization resonant ring units, where M is a positive integer ≥ 1, and N is a positive integer ≥ 2; each row in the metasurface array structure The working modes of the resonant ring units are the same, and each adjacent two resonant ring units is a metasurface receiving unit; the working modes of the resonator ring units in each column of the metasurface array structure are the same or different; each resonator ring has two The slot is used as the output port; the adjacent two resonant rings in the receiving antenna unit are connected by a pair of inductors;

The two groups of rectifier circuit arrays 2 are composed of M×(N-1) full-wave rectifier topology; the full-wave rectifier topology includes four rectifier diodes, the upper left, lower left, upper right and lower right are D1, D2, D3 in turn , D4; in the full-wave rectification topology, the cathodes of the rectifier diodes D1 and D2 are connected to the anodes of the rectifier diodes D3 and D4 respectively; the anodes of the rectifier diodes D1 and D2 are connected to the first output of the first resonant ring unit in the metasurface receiving unit ports, the negative electrodes of the rectifier diodes D3 and D4 are connected to the first output port of the second resonant ring unit in the metasurface receiving unit; the rectifier diodes of the adjacent two full-wave rectification topology structures in each row of the rectifier circuit array 2 are in opposite directions;

The two groups of rectifier circuit arrays have the same structure, and the direction of the rectifier diodes in the second rectifier circuit array is opposite to that of the rectifier diodes in the first rectifier circuit array; the rectifier diodes in the second rectifier circuit array are connected to the second output port of the resonant ring unit;

The energy distribution circuit 3 is two groups of interconnected microstrip lines, wherein the end of one group of microstrip lines is connected to the first load, and the end of the other group of microstrip lines is connected to the second load; the other end of the microstrip line is connected to work in the same The full-wave rectification topology in which the metasurface receiving unit of the mode is connected, and the connection node is located in the middle connection part of the four rectifier diodes.

The multi-frequency resonant ring unit is similar to the double-T resonant unit, which is composed of two mutually inverted T-shaped branches, and a pair of inverted L-shaped branches is added to the vertical branches of the T-shaped branches.

The multi-polarization resonant ring unit is composed of two semi-circular rings with opposite openings; the two opening directions and the included angle of the horizontal line are respectively 45° and -135°. Electromagnetic wave energy; the two resonant rings with opening directions and the included angle of the horizontal line are -45° and 135° respectively to collect the right circularly polarized electromagnetic wave energy at the working frequency of 5.8GHz.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The metasurface rectenna structure scheme of the present invention is based on a multi-mode (multi-frequency, multi-polarization) metasurface structure, detects electromagnetic waves of various frequencies or polarizations in space, and collects their energy by classification, respectively. Supply to the load, widely used in space wireless energy harvesting.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a metasurface rectenna array in the background art, wherein (a) a metasurface rectenna unit, (b) a metasurface rectenna array;

2 is a schematic structural diagram of a metasurface rectenna array for collecting space energy in the background technology;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of a metasurface antenna array operating in three frequency bands in the background technology, wherein (a) a metasurface unit; (b) a metasurface antenna array;

4 is a schematic structural diagram of a reconfigurable rectenna in the background art;

5 is a schematic structural diagram of the dual-frequency metasurface rectenna array according to Embodiment 1;

FIG. 6 is the absorbed power ratio of the dual-frequency metasurface rectenna array according to the first embodiment, wherein (a) port 1; (b) port 2;

FIG. 7 is a diagram of the rectification conversion efficiency of the dual-frequency metasurface rectenna array according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 8 is the multi-polarization metasurface rectenna array described in the second embodiment, wherein (a) multi-polarization metasurface antenna array; (b) rectifier circuit array;

Fig. 9 is the axial ratio diagram of the multi-polarization metasurface rectenna array described in the second embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a diagram of the absorbed power ratio at two ports of the multi-polarization metasurface rectenna array according to the second embodiment; (a) port 1 in the left polarization mode; (b) port 2 in the left polarization mode; (c) ) Port 1 in right polarization mode; (d) Port 2 in right polarization mode.

FIG. 11 is a diagram of the rectification conversion efficiency of the multi-polarized metasurface rectenna array according to the second embodiment.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Example 1

This embodiment provides a metasurface rectenna array for space electromagnetic wave detection and energy collection. The schematic structural diagram is shown in Figure 5, including a metasurface receiving antenna array 1, two sets of rectifier circuit arrays 2, an energy distribution circuit 3, The load 4 and the dielectric substrate 5; the metasurface receiving antenna array 1 is located on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 5, and the two groups of rectifier circuit arrays 2, the energy distribution circuit 3 and the load 4 are located on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 5;

The metasurface receiving antenna array 1 is a 3×4 metasurface array structure composed of multi-frequency resonant ring units; the working modes of the resonator ring units in each row of the metasurface array structure are the same, and every two adjacent resonator ring units are one Metasurface receiving unit; the working mode of the resonant ring unit in each column of the metasurface array structure is the same; each resonant ring has two slits as output ports, and the two ends of the output port are respectively positive and negative, forming a voltage difference, which is used as a full The source of the wave rectification circuit; the adjacent two resonant rings in the receiving antenna unit are connected by a pair of inductors;

The multi-frequency resonant ring unit is similar to the double-T resonant unit, which is used to collect 5.2GHz and 5.8GHz electromagnetic wave energy in the space; the similar double-T resonant unit is composed of two T-shaped branches that are reversed to each other, and there is a space between the two T-shaped branches. The slot is port 1. At this time, the resonance structure of the T-branch works at 5.8GHz; in order to realize dual-frequency operation, a pair of inverted L-branch is added to the vertical branch of the T-branch. There is also a gap in between, for port 2. Since the newly added inverted L-type branch extends the electrical length of the entire T-type branch, the operating frequency of this metasurface resonant unit at port 2 is reduced to 5.2GHz; similar to the double-T resonant unit, there are two inductors L1 and L2 connection.

This metasurface antenna array was simulated using HFSS, which can absorb 97.8% and 98.5% of the electromagnetic wave energy at two frequencies 5.8GHz (port 1) and 5.2GHz (port 2), as shown in Figure 6.

The two sets of rectifier circuit arrays 2 are composed of 3×3 full-wave rectifier topology; the full-wave rectifier topology includes four rectifier diodes, the upper left, lower left, upper right and lower right are D1, D2, D3, D4 in turn; In the wave rectification topology, the negative electrodes of the rectifier diodes D1 and D2 are connected to the positive electrodes of the rectifier diodes D3 and D4 respectively; the positive electrodes of the rectifier diodes D1 and D2 are connected to the port 1 of the first resonant ring unit in the metasurface receiving unit. The negative pole of D4 is connected to the port 1 of the second resonant ring unit in the metasurface receiving unit; the rectifier diodes of the two adjacent full-wave rectification topology structures in each row of the rectifier circuit array 2 are opposite in direction;

The two groups of rectifier circuit arrays have the same structure, the direction of the rectifier diodes in the second rectifier circuit array is opposite to the direction of the rectifier diodes in the first rectifier circuit array; the rectifier diodes in the second rectifier circuit array are connected to port 2 of the resonant ring unit; the rectifier circuit The array is connected to the metasurface receiving antenna array through metal vias;

The energy distribution circuit 3 is two groups of interconnected microstrip lines, wherein the end of one group of microstrip lines is connected to the first load, and the end of the other group of microstrip lines is connected to the second load; the other end of the microstrip line is connected to work in the same The full-wave rectification topology in which the metasurface receiving unit of the mode is connected, and the connection node is located in the middle connection part of the four rectifier diodes.

First, the 5.8GHz and 5.2GHz radio frequency energy in the space is received by the similar double-T resonant antenna array, and then the 5.8GHz (port 1) and 5.2GHz (port 1) and 5.2GHz ( Port 2) RF energy. At this time, each port is divided into positive and negative electrodes to form a voltage difference, which acts as a source to provide RF energy for the rectifier circuit. The two ports are respectively connected to two sets of full-wave rectification circuits on the bottom layer of the dielectric substrate through via holes. When the RF source is in the positive half cycle, the 5.8GHz RF energy is output from port 1 to the full-wave rectifier circuit behind the dielectric substrate through the via hole, rectified by the rectifier diodes D1 and D4, and then forms a loop through the inductor L2; when the RF source is in the During the negative half cycle, rectification is performed by rectifier diodes D2 and D3, and then a loop (dark gray line) is formed through inductor L1.

To better isolate the energy between the two frequencies, the full-wave rectifier circuit used to complete the 5.2GHz RF-to-DC conversion uses reverse-connected rectifier diodes. When the RF source is in the positive half cycle, the 5.2GHz RF energy is output from port 2 through the via hole to the rectifier diodes D2 and D3 behind the dielectric substrate for rectification, and then passes through the inductor L1 to form a loop; when the RF source is in the negative half cycle, the RF energy Rectification is carried out through the rectifier diodes D1 and D4, and then a loop (light gray line) is formed through the inductor L2. In addition, the full-wave rectifier circuits connected to the same port of adjacent resonant rings also use rectifier diodes connected in opposite directions to ensure that each metasurface rectenna unit is isolated from each other.

Each metasurface rectenna unit converts two RF energy with frequencies of 5.2GHz and 5.8GHz into DC energy, and the DC energy rectified by each unit is combined according to different frequencies by the energy distribution circuit, and then delivered to different loads. . In this rectifier circuit array, the DC energy rectified by the same port in each row (5.8GHz in port 1 or 5.2GHz in port 2) is combined together and supplied to two loads respectively. By measuring whether there is a DC voltage on the load, it is judged whether there are electromagnetic waves with frequencies of 5.2GHz and 5.8GHz in the space. Moreover, the proposed dual-frequency metasurface rectenna array can collect electromagnetic wave energy of two frequencies in space, rectify it into DC energy and supply it to the load, and its rectification conversion efficiency is 0.4mW/ 70.1% and 66.7% at ^cm2 , respectively, as shown in Fig. 7.

Embodiment 2

This embodiment provides a metasurface rectenna array for space electromagnetic wave detection and energy collection. The schematic structural diagram is shown in Figure 8, including a metasurface receiving antenna array 1, two sets of rectifier circuit arrays 2, an energy distribution circuit 3, The load 4 and the dielectric substrate 5; the metasurface receiving antenna array 1 is located on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 5, and the two groups of rectifier circuit arrays 2, the energy distribution circuit 3 and the load 4 are located on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 5;

The metasurface receiving antenna array 1 is a 4×3 metasurface array structure composed of multi-polarized resonant ring units; the working modes of the resonant ring units in each row of the metasurface array structure are the same, and each adjacent two resonant ring units are A metasurface receiving unit; the working modes of adjacent columns of resonant ring units in the metasurface array structure are different; each resonator ring has two slots as output ports, and the two ends of the output port are respectively positive and negative, forming a voltage difference, As the source of the full-wave rectification circuit; the adjacent two resonant rings in the receiving antenna unit are connected by a pair of inductors;

The multipolar resonant ring unit consists of two semi-circular rings with opposite openings, corresponding to two ports, namely port 1 and port 2. The resonator ring with the two opening directions and the horizontal line at an angle of 45° and -135°, respectively, collects the left circularly polarized electromagnetic wave energy at an operating frequency of 5.8 GHz; the angle between the two opening directions and the horizontal line is -45°, respectively. The resonant ring in the direction of 135° and 135° collects the energy of the right circularly polarized electromagnetic wave at the operating frequency of 5.8 GHz, and the axial ratio of the antenna array is shown in Figure 9. The multi-polarization metasurface resonator ring works at the same frequency of 5.8GHz, the metasurface elements of the same polarization form a row, and the metasurface elements of different polarizations are arranged in alternate rows, that is, the metasurface arrays in the first and third rows collect left-circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. Energy; the second and fourth rows of metasurface arrays collect the energy of right circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. The multi-polarization metasurface array uses HFSS to simulate the antenna, and at the operating frequency of 5.8GHz, 96.7% (96.3%) and 95.3% (95.8%) of the left circularly polarized (right polarized) electromagnetic wave energy can be transferred from the port respectively. Absorption at port 1 and port 2, as shown in Figure 10. The two groups of rectifier circuit arrays 2 are composed of 4×2 full-wave rectifier topology; the full-wave rectifier topology includes four rectifier diodes, the upper left, lower left, upper right and lower right are D1, D2, D3, D4 in sequence; In the wave rectification topology, the negative electrodes of the rectifier diodes D1 and D2 are connected to the positive electrodes of the rectifier diodes D3 and D4 respectively; the positive electrodes of the rectifier diodes D1 and D2 are connected to the port 1 of the first resonant ring unit in the metasurface receiving unit. The negative electrode of D4 is connected to the port 1 of the second resonant ring unit in the metasurface receiving unit; the rectifier diodes of the two adjacent full-wave rectification topology structures in each row of the rectifier circuit array 2 have opposite directions;

The two groups of rectifier circuit arrays have the same structure, the direction of the rectifier diodes in the second rectifier circuit array is opposite to the direction of the rectifier diodes in the first rectifier circuit array; the rectifier diodes in the second rectifier circuit array are connected to port 2 of the resonant ring unit; the rectifier circuit The array is connected to the metasurface receiving antenna array through metal vias;

The energy distribution circuit 3 is two groups of interconnected microstrip lines, wherein the end of one group of microstrip lines is connected to the first load, and the end of the other group of microstrip lines is connected to the second load; the other end of the microstrip line is connected to work in the same The full-wave rectification topology in which the metasurface receiving unit of the mode is connected, and the connection node is located in the middle connection part of the four rectifier diodes.

First, the entire resonant ring antenna array receives the 5.8GHz radio frequency energy in the space, and then outputs the radio frequency energy of different polarizations to the full-wave rectifier circuit array through the port of the resonant unit. Each port is divided into positive and negative, forming a voltage difference, as a source to provide radio frequency energy to the rectifier circuit. The two ports are respectively connected to two sets of full-wave rectification circuits on the bottom layer of the dielectric substrate through via holes.

In the same row, since the receiving antenna receives the radio frequency energy of the same polarization, the rectifier circuit arrays in the same row output the radio frequency energy of the same polarization. In the first and third rows, the left circularly polarized RF energy received by the resonant ring antenna array is output from port 1 to the full-wave rectifier circuit behind the dielectric substrate through the via hole, rectified by the rectifier diodes D1 and D4, and then passed through the inductor L2. A loop is formed; when the radio frequency source is in the negative half cycle, it is rectified by the rectifier diodes D2 and D3, and then passes through the inductor L1 to form a loop (dark gray line). To ensure isolation between different ports, the full-wave rectifier circuit connected to the other port (port 2) uses rectifier diodes connected in opposite directions. Therefore, when the RF source is in the positive half cycle, the left-handed circularly polarized RF energy is also output from port 2 through the via hole to the rectifier diodes D2 and D3 behind the dielectric substrate for rectification, and then forms a loop through the inductor L1; when the RF source is in the negative half cycle. When , the radio frequency energy is rectified by the rectifier diodes D1 and D4, and then forms a loop (light gray line) through the inductor L2. In addition, the full-wave rectifier circuits connected to the same port of adjacent resonant rings also use rectifier diodes connected in opposite directions.

The metasurface rectenna unit converts the radio frequency energy with an operating frequency of 5.8GHz into DC energy, and the DC energy rectified by each unit is classified and connected according to different polarizations by the energy distribution circuit, and then combined and transported to different loads respectively. In this rectifier circuit array, the DC energy obtained from each port in each row is now combined, and then the DC energy obtained from one or three rows of left-polarized metasurface rectenna arrays is combined and supplied to load 1. The DCs obtained by the two or four rows of right-polarized metasurface rectenna arrays are combined and supplied to load 2. In the same way, by measuring whether there is a DC voltage on the load, the electromagnetic waves of different polarizations in the space are detected and collected, and supplied to the load. If load 1 has DC voltage output and load 2 has no DC voltage output, it is judged that there is a left circularly polarized electromagnetic wave in the space; if load 1 has no DC voltage output and load 2 has DC voltage output, it is judged that there is a right circle in the space. Polarized electromagnetic waves. If both loads 1 and 2 have DC voltage output, there will be linearly polarized or left and right circularly polarized electromagnetic waves in the space.

In addition, the proposed multi-polarization ^metasurface rectenna array converts RF energy into DC energy and supplies it to the load through a full-wave rectifier circuit array. were 61.1% and 63.2%, as shown in Figure 11.

Claims (3)

1. A super-surface rectification antenna array for space electromagnetic wave detection and energy collection is characterized by comprising a super-surface receiving antenna array (1), two rectifier circuit arrays (2), an energy distribution circuit (3), a load (4) and a dielectric substrate (5); the super-surface receiving antenna array (1) is positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (5), and the two groups of rectifying circuit arrays (2), the energy distribution circuit (3) and the load (4) are positioned on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (5);

the super-surface receiving antenna array (1) is an M multiplied by N super-surface array structure consisting of multi-frequency or multi-polarization resonance ring units, wherein M is a positive integer larger than or equal to 1, and N is a positive integer larger than or equal to 2; the resonant ring units in each row in the super-surface array structure have the same working mode, and two adjacent resonant ring units in each row are super-surface receiving units; the working modes of the resonant ring units in each column in the super-surface array structure are the same or different; the resonant ring unit comprises two resonant rings which are adjacent in the column direction; each resonant ring is provided with two gaps as output ports; two adjacent resonance rings in the row direction in the receiving antenna unit are connected by a pair of inductors;

the two groups of rectifier circuit arrays (2) are both composed of M x (N-1) full-wave rectification topological structures; the full-wave rectification topological structure comprises four rectifying diodes, wherein the four rectifying diodes are D1, D2, D3 and D4 in sequence from top left to bottom left to top right to bottom right; in the full-wave rectification topological structure, the cathodes of the rectifier diodes D1 and D2 are respectively connected with the anodes of the rectifier diodes D3 and D4; anodes of the rectifier diodes D1 and D2 are connected with a first output port of a first resonant ring unit in the super-surface receiving unit, and cathodes of the rectifier diodes D3 and D4 are connected with a first output port of a second resonant ring unit in the super-surface receiving unit; the directions of two adjacent rectifying diodes of the full-wave rectifying topological structure in each row of the rectifying circuit array (2) are opposite;

the two groups of rectifier circuit arrays have the same structure, and the direction of the rectifier diodes in the second rectifier circuit array is opposite to that of the rectifier diodes in the first rectifier circuit array; rectifier diodes in the second rectifier circuit array are connected with a second output port of the resonant ring unit;

the energy distribution circuit (3) is two groups of mutually connected microstrip lines, wherein the tail end of one group of microstrip lines is connected with a first load, and the tail end of the other group of microstrip lines is connected with a second load; the other end of the microstrip line is connected with a full-wave rectification topological structure connected with the super-surface receiving unit working in the same mode, and a connection node is positioned at the middle connection part of the four rectifier diodes.

2. The array of super-surface rectenna for space electromagnetic wave detection and energy collection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resonant ring unit is composed of two mirror-symmetric T-shaped branches, and a pair of inverted L-shaped branches is added on the vertical branches of the T-shaped branches.

3. The array of super-surface rectenna for spatial electromagnetic wave detection and energy harvesting of claim 1, wherein the resonating ring elements are comprised of two half-rings with opposite openings; the resonant rings with the included angles of 45 degrees and-135 degrees between the two opening directions and the horizontal line respectively collect left circularly polarized electromagnetic wave energy under the working frequency of 5.8 GHz; the resonant rings with the opening directions respectively forming the included angles of minus 45 degrees and 135 degrees with the horizontal line collect right circularly polarized electromagnetic wave energy under the working frequency of 5.8 GHz.

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