CN109819981B - Application of a synergistic combination of Silwet 806 and Chlormelon, an adjuvant for the prevention and control of fenoxafen - Google Patents
Application of a synergistic combination of Silwet 806 and Chlormelon, an adjuvant for the prevention and control of fenoxafen Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a synergistic combination of an auxiliary agent Silwet 806 and chlortoluron for preventing and removing resistant weeds and application thereof, wherein the herbicide auxiliary agent combination can have obvious synergistic effect on the fenoxaprop-p-ethyl Japanese mother-of-wheat in winter wheat fields and is safe to wheat; the dosage is obviously reduced, and the chemical prevention and control cost is reduced; the herbicide can also control other resistant gramineous weeds and part of broadleaf weeds in winter wheat fields, and has the advantages of reducing the application times and the like. Is a feasible synergistic and decrement herbicide assistant combination for preventing and killing the fenoxaprop-p-ethyl-p-cymbidium kanaiensis in the winter wheat field at present.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant protection, and relates to a synergistic combination of an auxiliary agent Silwet 806 and chlortoluron, which is used for preventing and killing off fenoxaprop-p-ethyl Japanese amur foxtail in winter wheat fields.
Background
Wheat is a crop widely planted around the world and is one of the most important grain crops in the world, the yield is second to corn, and about 40% of the population in the world uses wheat as a main grain. According to statistics, the total seeding area of wheat in 2017 in China is 2398.75 ten thousand hectares, the total wheat yield is 12977.4 ten thousand tons, and the total seeding area and the total yield respectively account for 21.38% and 21% of the total grain seeding area and the total grain yield in China.
In the plain rice stubble wheat fields in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, the Japanese Alopecurus sieboldii is one of the most serious and widely distributed grassy weeds, and researches show that the density of the Japanese Alopecurus sieboldii in the wheat fields can reach 10-400 plants/0.11 m2The wheat yield loss rate is 5.65-62.32%. Chemical control is the most main mode for controlling weeds in the wheat field at present, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl is the most main herbicide for controlling grassy weeds in the wheat field at present, but the herbicide is prepared fromThe continuous and single use of the herbicide causes the Japanese phytin to generate serious drug resistance to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, a great deal of reports on the drug resistance of the Japanese phytin to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl are made in Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Shandong and the like at present, part of the fenoxaprop-p-ethyl Japanese phytin has generated cross resistance to ACCase inhibitors such as clodinafop-propargyl and pinoxaden, and a small amount of the herbicide such as metsulfuron-methyl, pyroxsulam, flufenacet has generated multi-resistance, so that the fenoxaprop-p-ethyl Japanese phytin is very difficult to prevent and kill in the field.
Chlortoluron belongs to substituted urea herbicides, and is mainly used for preventing and killing annual weeds in wheat fields at present. Tests show that the chlortoluron has good control effect on fenoxaprop-p-ethyl Japanese mother-wheat, but has the defect of large using amount, and the registered using amount is 1125-one 2250g a.i./hm2A series of problems of wheat phytotoxicity, succeeding crop phytotoxicity, pesticide residue, environmental pollution and the like can be caused after long-term use of the fertilizer in large quantities. Therefore, when using chlortoluron or other substituted urea herbicides to prevent and kill fenoxaprop-p-ethyl Japanese foxtail, attention should be paid to reducing the dosage.
By adding a proper synergistic additive to the herbicide, the control effect of the herbicide on resistant weeds can be improved, and the aim of reducing the amount of the herbicide is fulfilled while the resistant weeds are prevented and removed. Silwet 806 belongs to silicone surfactants, has good wettability, strong adhesion, excellent ductility, pore permeability and good rain erosion resistance, has the characteristics of high efficiency, environmental protection and environmental safety, and is an auxiliary product widely applied to the market of the current herbicide.
The invention carries out intensive research through the mixing of the chlortoluron and the auxiliary agent Silwet 806, and finds that the Silwet 806 has obvious synergistic effect on the chlortoluron in preventing and removing the fenoxaprop-p-ethyl Japanese rhodomyrtus tomentosa in the wheat field, and has great potential application value in the aspects of reducing and enhancing the use of the herbicide and controlling the resistant weeds.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to prevent and kill off fenoxaprop-p-ethyl Japanese amur foxtail in winter wheat fields by mixing herbicide and auxiliary agent.
The invention realizes the aim through the following technical scheme:
the herbicide and the auxiliary agent are combined, the main components of the herbicide are the chlortoluron and the auxiliary agent Silwet 806, and the herbicide is used for preventing and killing the fenoxaprop-p-ethyl Japanese amur foxtail in the winter wheat field.
The combined use method of chlortoluron and auxiliary agent Silwet 806 comprises the following steps: spraying the stem and leaf of wheat in the 3-5 leaf stage.
The chlortoluron and the auxiliary agent Silwet 806 are mixed and have the following advantages:
(1) the synergistic effect of the fenoxaprop-p-ethyl on the Japanese rhodomyrtus tomentosa is obvious, the dosage can be obviously reduced, and the chemical prevention and removal cost can be reduced.
(2) Can be used for treating other resistant gramineous weeds and part of broadleaf weeds in winter wheat fields, and reducing the times of application.
(3) After the auxiliary agent Silwet 806 is added, the safety of wheat is not obviously affected.
Detailed Description
(I) auxiliary agent Silwet 806 is used for testing synergistic effect of chlortoluron in controlling and resisting fenoxaprop-p-ethyl on Japanese foxtail-indoor test:
indoor tests were conducted in the sunlight greenhouse of the herbicide toxicology and drug resistance laboratory of Nanjing university of agriculture, from 5 months in 2018 to 8 months in 2018.
Reagent to be tested: 50% chlorotoluron WP (Jiangsu Kuaida agrichemical Co., Ltd.)
Test auxiliary agents: organosilicon assistant "Silwet 806" (American Mitigo high and new technology materials Co., Ltd.)
The tested weeds: see-saw Nippon maiden (number JZJR-1, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, hereinafter referred to as resistant see-saw Nippon maiden, ED thereof50The value is 1320.69g a.i./hm2The relative resistance multiple is 87.07, and the seeds are collected from Zhenjiang city, Jiangsu province in 5 months 2010).
Laboratory test procedure
1. Experimental agent for synergistic effect of auxiliary agent Silwet 806 on chlortoluron in preventing and killing off fenoxaprop-p-ethyl and Japanese rhodomyrtus tomentosa and dosage setting of auxiliary agent
1.1 adjuvant Silwet 806 the dose settings for the test for determination of the optimum synergistic dose of chlortoluron are as follows:
the dosage of the herbicide chlortoluron is fixed, and the dosage of the change additive Silwet 806 is changed
Dosage of chlortoluron: 450g a.i./hm2。
Dosage of auxiliary agent Silwet 806: 0. 0.02%, 0.025%, 0.033%, 0.05%, 0.1%.
Mixing chlortoluron and an auxiliary agent Silwet 806 in pairs.
1.2 dose setting for the test for determining the decrement dose of chlortoluron by the aid Silwet 806 is as follows:
the dosage of the auxiliary agent Silwet 806 is constant, and the dosage of the herbicide chlortoluron is changed
Dosage of auxiliary agent Silwet 806: the Silwet 806 pair is determined according to the test for measuring the decrement dose of chlortoluron by aid Silwet 806
Optimal synergistic dosage of chlortoluron.
Dosage of chlortoluron: 0. 225, 450, 675, 900, 1125g a.i./hm2。
Mixing chlortoluron and an auxiliary agent Silwet 806 in pairs.
2. Test process for synergistic effect of auxiliary agent Silwet 806 on chlortoluron in preventing and killing off fenoxaprop-p-ethyl Japanese foxtail
The test for measuring the optimal synergistic amount of the auxiliary agent Silwet 806 on the chlortoluron and the test for measuring the decrement amount of the auxiliary agent Silwet 806 on the chlortoluron are both measured by adopting an indoor whole-plant bioassay method.
A mixed soil with a soil-fertilizer ratio of 2: 1, a pH of 6.1, an organic matter content of 1.4% and no herbicide used, was prepared, and the mixed soil was filled in a small plastic box with a specification of 7X 7cm and a hole at the bottom, and water was added until saturated. Selecting full and dormancy-released resistant Japanese rhodomyrtus tomentosa seeds, sowing the seeds according to the standard of 25 seeds in each small plastic box, covering a layer of fine soil after sowing, and then placing the seeds in a sunlight-controlled greenhouse for growth, wherein the temperature is set to be 20 ℃ under illumination, 15 ℃ under darkness, and the illumination period is 12: 12h (D: L). After the seedlings of the alopecurus japonicus emerge regularly, the alopecurus japonicus are subjected to final singling, and 20 plants are obtained in each pot. Culturing after final singling, and spraying stem and leaf in 6-15 days of 2018 when the leaf stage of the Japanese Aleurea amurensis grows to 3-4. The spraying adopts a 3WP-2000 type walking type bioassay spraying tower produced by Nanjing agricultural mechanization research institute of agricultural department, the rotating speed of a main shaft is 96mm/r, the spraying height is 300mm, the effective spraying width of a nozzle is 350mm, the flow rate of the nozzle is 390mL/min, the walking distance is 1340mm, and the volume of liquid medicine is 30 mL. After treatment, the seeds are continuously put into a sunlight greenhouse for growth.
The fresh weight of the resistant Japanese rhodomyrtus tomentosa in each plastic box was recorded in an investigation 21 days after the application of the drug, and the fresh weight inhibition rate was calculated.
Fresh weight inhibition ratio (% control fresh weight-treated fresh weight)/control fresh weight × 100
Calculating the dosage value (ED) of 50 percent of the herbicide and adjuvant resistant Nippon physalis alkekengi fresh quality inhibition rate by adopting a Logistic curve fitting equation provided by a drm function of an R software 'drc' program package50) And a dose value (ED) of 90%90)。
The results of the laboratory tests are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 synergistic effect of different dosages of adjuvant Silwet 806 on chlorotoluron control resistant Nippon fox
Note: the lower case letters are the 0.05 level significance of the difference using the Duncan new repolarization method for DPS software. The same applies below.
TABLE 2 reduced dosage of the adjuvant Silwet 806 for chlortoluron control resistant Nippon foxtail
Note: the 'P value' is a parameter for calculating an ED50 value to obtain the effectiveness of a reaction model based on a 'LL.3 ()' Logistic curve model provided by a drm function of a R software 'drc' package, and P < 0.05 indicates that data obviously accords with the Logistic model.
As can be seen from Table 1, the addition of 0.02 to 0.1% of the auxiliary agent Silwet 806 has a significant synergistic effect on the chlorotoluron control resistance of the Japanese foxtail. The auxiliary agent Silwet 806 obviously increases the fresh weight inhibition rate of chlortoluron on the resistant Japanese sweet clover, the fresh weight inhibition rate of each treatment dose on the resistant Japanese sweet clover is obviously increased, wherein the dosage of Silwet 806 is 0.05% when the fresh weight inhibition rate is the highest. Therefore, under indoor conditions, the optimal synergistic dose of the auxiliary agent Silwet 806 for controlling and killing off the resistant Japanese foxtail on chlorotoluron is 0.05%.
As can be seen from table 2, the auxiliary agent Silwet 806 itself has no inhibitory effect on resistant japanese foxes, while the optimal synergistic amount of the auxiliary agent Silwet 806 for chlortoluron is 0.05%, and under the condition of changing the dosage of chlortoluron, the auxiliary agent Silwet 806 has a relatively obvious reduction effect on the resistant japanese foxes for chlortoluron control. The fresh weight inhibition rate of the resistant Japanese anti-malus asiatica by comparing different treatments of the chlortoluron is found as follows: chlorotoluron 675g a.i./hm2The inhibition rate of the + 0.05% Silwet 806 is 91.96%, and the recommended dose of the agent is relative to the recommended dose of chlortoluron (1125g a.i./hm)2) The inhibition rate of 91.82% is not significantly different. Thus under room conditions, addition of the optimum booster dose of the adjuvant Silwet 806 reduced chlorotoluron by 40% of the recommended dose. But by comparing ED50And ED90It was found that at the optimum synergistic dose of the auxiliary Silwet 806, chlorotoluron is resistant to the ED of the Japanese examined wheat50And ED90The value is remarkably reduced compared with that without the addition of the auxiliary agent, and is respectively only 105.93g a.i./hm2And 566.37g a.i./hm2Both far below the recommended dose. Therefore, according to indoor bioassay results, the recommended dose of chlortoluron is 60% (675g a.i./hm)2) 0.05 percent of Silwet 806 is added to carry out stem and leaf spraying treatment, so that the fenoxaprop-p-ethyl-resistant Japanese rhodomyrtus tomentosa can be effectively prevented and killed, and the effect of the recommended dose is achieved.
(II) Effect test of auxiliary agent Silwet 806 and chlortoluron on wheat safety-indoor test
The indoor experiments are carried out in the sunlight greenhouse from 5 months to 8 months in 2018 and in the herbicide toxicology and drug resistance laboratory of Nanjing agriculture university.
Reagent to be tested: 50% chlorotoluron WP (Jiangsu Kuaida agrichemical Co., Ltd.)
Test auxiliary agents: organosilicon assistant "Silwet 806" (American Mitigo high and new technology materials Co., Ltd.)
Test work: wheat (Zhenmai No. 9)
Laboratory experiment process
1. Influence of mixture of auxiliary agent Silwet 806 and chlortoluron on wheat safety test agent and auxiliary agent dosage setting
The dosage settings for chlortoluron and adjuvant Silwet 806 are as follows:
dosage of chlortoluron: 0. 1125, 2250g a.i./hm2。
Dosage of auxiliary agent Silwet 806: 0. 0.1 percent.
Mixing chlortoluron and an auxiliary agent Silwet 806 in pairs.
2. Test process for influence of mixed use of auxiliary agent Silwet 806 and chlortoluron on wheat safety
Preparing mixed soil with soil-fertilizer ratio of 2: 1, pH of the mixed soil being 6.1, organic matter content being 1.4% and no herbicide used, filling the mixed soil into a small plastic box with specification of 7 × 7 × 7cm and hole at bottom, adding water at bottom to make the soil absorb water to saturation. Selecting plump wheat seeds, sowing according to the standard of 15 grains in each small plastic box, covering a layer of fine soil after sowing, and then placing in a sunlight greenhouse for growing, wherein the temperature is set to be 20 ℃ under light, 15 ℃ under dark, and the light period is 12: 12h (D: L). After the wheat seedlings emerge regularly, the seedlings of the wheat are fixed, and each pot is fixed to 10 plants. Culturing after final singling, and spraying stem and leaf when the wheat grows to 3-5 leaves. The spraying adopts a 3WP-2000 type walking type bioassay spraying tower produced by Nanjing agricultural mechanization research institute of agricultural department, the rotating speed of a main shaft is 96mm/r, the spraying height is 300mm, the effective spraying width of a nozzle is 350mm, the flow rate of the nozzle is 390mL/min, the walking distance is 1340mm, and the volume of liquid medicine is 30 mL. After treatment, the seeds are continuously put into a sunlight greenhouse for growth. And (3) cutting off the overground part of each processed wheat 21 days after the application of the medicine, weighing the fresh weight, calculating the fresh weight inhibition rate, and performing difference significance analysis on the fresh weight of each processed wheat by using DPS software.
Fresh weight inhibition ratio (% control fresh weight-treated fresh weight)/control fresh weight × 100
Table 3 influence of combination of auxiliary agent Silwet 806 and different agents on freshness quality of wheat seedlings
As can be seen from Table 3, the fresh quality inhibition rate of 0.1 percent of the auxiliary agent Silwet 806 to wheat is-0.25 percent, and the inhibition rate has no significant difference compared with a control, while the green wheat is 1125 and 2250g of a.i./hm2After 0.1% of the auxiliary agent Silwet 806 is added under two dosages, compared with the auxiliary agent not added, the fresh quality inhibition rate of the wheat seedlings is not obviously different. Therefore, under indoor conditions, the auxiliary agent Silwet 806 has no influence on the growth of wheat seedlings and has no influence on the safety of wheat after being mixed with chlortoluron.
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